EP1995519B1 - Method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine - Google Patents

Method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1995519B1
EP1995519B1 EP08156638.2A EP08156638A EP1995519B1 EP 1995519 B1 EP1995519 B1 EP 1995519B1 EP 08156638 A EP08156638 A EP 08156638A EP 1995519 B1 EP1995519 B1 EP 1995519B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
amplitude
turbine
cycles
combustion
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08156638.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1995519A2 (en
EP1995519A3 (en
Inventor
Antonio Asti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone International SRL
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Nuovo Pignone SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1995519A2 publication Critical patent/EP1995519A2/en
Publication of EP1995519A3 publication Critical patent/EP1995519A3/en
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Publication of EP1995519B1 publication Critical patent/EP1995519B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/20—Gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00005—Preventing fatigue failures or reducing mechanical stress in gas turbine components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the pressure dynamics and estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • gas turbines normally consisting of a multiphase compressor, in which the air sucked from the outside is compressed, a combustion chamber, in which the combustion takes place of gaseous fuel added to the compressed air, and a turbine or expander, in which the gases coming from the combustion chamber are expanded, is known for the production of electric energy.
  • the turbine is then capable of generating mechanical energy which can be exploited for activating operating machines or for feeding electric generators.
  • US 2004/123653 A1 discloses an ion sensor positioned in the combustion chamber of a turbine combustion system so that the ion sensor is exposed to gases containing free ions that are produced during combustion.
  • US 2006/266045 A1 discloses a process for protection of a gas turbine from damage caused by pressure pulsations in which pressure pulsations occurring during operation of the gas turbine are measured and a frequency band of a pulsation frequency signal is monitored.
  • An objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, capable of establishing, on the basis of measurements of the pressure oscillations and using particular control and evaluation instruments, the admissible fatigue threshold for the same combustion chamber, allowing the due protection actions to be undertaken when excessive increases in pressure arise.
  • a further objective of the invention is to provide a method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in which it is possible, on the basis of the data obtained, to optimize the maintenance intervals on the components of the combustion chamber itself.
  • Examples of the present invention provide a method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the compressed air is then sent to a combustion chamber 14 to be mixed with gaseous fuel coming from a supply duct 16.
  • the combustion increases the temperature, the rate and volume of the gas flow and consequently of the energy contained therein.
  • This gas flow is directed, through a duct 18, towards a turbine 20, which transforms the gas energy into work energy which can be exploited for activating operating machines, such as for example a generator 22 connected to the turbine 20 by means of a shaft 24.
  • the turbine 20 also supplies the energy necessary for activating the compressor 10 through the relative shaft 26, whereas the exhaust gases are expelled by the turbine 20 through an outlet duct 28.
  • the method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber 14 envisages the correlation between the stress amplitudes, due to the increases in pressure which take place inside the combustion chamber 14 itself, and the persistence times (cycles) of said stress through the well-known Wohler curve.
  • the Wohler curve is a graph on a statistic basis which relates the maximum amplitude of a fatigue cycle with the number of cycles which a certain material tolerates before breakage with a pre-established probability. Its construction is effected by reconstructing a certain stress cycle in the laboratory with a certain amplitude which is applied to a high number of test-samples, registering the number of cycles they tolerate before breakage. Although the test-samples are subjected to the same stress, they do not all break after the same number of cycles but there is a dispersion of the results. Experience shows that this dispersion takes place according to a normal distribution. The same series of experiments is then repeated at different amplitude values and, for each distribution obtained, the average value of the number of cycles before breakage is registered.
  • the curve which joins all the average values at each stress amplitude is the Wohler curve at 50% probability of breakage. This means that, with respect to the samples tested, there is a 50% probability that, when subjected to a stress cycle of a certain amplitude, they will break before reaching the number of cycles delimited by the Wohler curve.
  • the method according to the invention envisages a series of tests, using one or more probes 30 situated in correspondence with the combustion chamber 14, for the direct measurement in real time of the amplitude of the pressure oscillations inside the combustion chamber 14 itself.
  • the measurements are used for determining the "cumulative stress", i.e. the amount of time which has lapsed over each significant amplitude level.
  • the fatigue life cycle which has already passed is calculated by means of the well-known Palmgren-Miner hypothesis, considering all the amplitudes and relative consumptions of the fatigue life cycle.
  • the behaviour of the combustion chamber 14 is evaluated under fatigue conditions, by constructing the Wohler curve for a certain material which forms the combustion chamber 14 and for a combustion frequency of 400 Hz.
  • Four points are identified for four different amplitude levels, from peak to peak, which allow a draft Wohler curve to be constructed ( figure 2 ) on the basis of the following data: 10 2 min 2 2.4x10 6 45 min 3 1.08x10 6 Duration 30 min Amplitude 4 Cycles 7.2x10 5 2 min 8 4.8x10 4
  • the residual life of the combustor 14 is therefore represented by a vector containing the values of N i obtained by means of the Palmgren-Miner hypothesis.
  • a meter measures the time which has passed between two consecutive amplitude levels i and i+1, for example equal to pressure values of 2 psi and 3 psi. The time interval measured is then attributed to the i-th of amplitude level and is multiplied by 400 Hz to obtain the value of n i at the (i+1)-th level. By dividing n i by N i and effecting the sum, the value of the cumulative damage D is finally obtained.
  • a threshold value equal to 0.1 is established for the cumulative damage D.
  • D exceeds this threshold value, the turbine is put under diffusion flame operational conditions, i.e. a type of functioning with lower pressure oscillation levels inside the combustion chamber 14 but with greater polluting emissions.
  • the control software of the turbine is capable of directly using the continuous function g(y) for the calculation of the residual life, without the necessity of discretizing the residual life vector previously exposed.
  • the method for controlling the pressure dynamics and estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine achieves the objectives previously specified, as it allows a correct evaluation of the residual fatigue life of the combustion chamber to improve the performances of the turbine, allowing specific protection actions to be undertaken only when strictly necessary.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP08156638.2A 2007-05-23 2008-05-21 Method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine Active EP1995519B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT001048A ITMI20071048A1 (it) 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Metodo per il controllo delle dinamiche di pressione e per la stima del ciclo di vita della camera di combustione di una turbina a gas

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1995519A2 EP1995519A2 (en) 2008-11-26
EP1995519A3 EP1995519A3 (en) 2017-07-26
EP1995519B1 true EP1995519B1 (en) 2020-04-08

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EP08156638.2A Active EP1995519B1 (en) 2007-05-23 2008-05-21 Method for controlling the pressure dynamics and for estimating the life cycle of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8868313B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP1995519B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP5290625B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR101457696B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN101311510B (ru)
CA (1) CA2630953C (ru)
IT (1) ITMI20071048A1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2465519C2 (ru)

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US8924506B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2014-12-30 Bradium Technologies Llc Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels
US8370046B2 (en) * 2010-02-11 2013-02-05 General Electric Company System and method for monitoring a gas turbine
US8437880B2 (en) * 2010-05-17 2013-05-07 General Electric Company System and method for enhancement of power generation facilities
EP2520863B1 (en) * 2011-05-05 2016-11-23 General Electric Technology GmbH Method for protecting a gas turbine engine against high dynamical process values and gas turbine engine for conducting said method
KR20150047497A (ko) * 2012-08-30 2015-05-04 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 가스터빈의 작동을 모니터링하기 위한 방법
CN105973597B (zh) * 2016-05-27 2019-04-09 北京交通大学 列车轴箱轴承寿命的试验预测方法
US11016117B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2021-05-25 Honeywell International Inc. Air data probe replacement determination system
US11422153B2 (en) 2020-01-24 2022-08-23 Honeywell International Inc. Air data probe replacement determination system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080294322A1 (en) 2008-11-27
ITMI20071048A1 (it) 2008-11-24
EP1995519A2 (en) 2008-11-26
CN101311510B (zh) 2013-06-19
CA2630953C (en) 2015-07-21
KR101457696B1 (ko) 2014-11-03
JP5290625B2 (ja) 2013-09-18
KR20080103446A (ko) 2008-11-27
EP1995519A3 (en) 2017-07-26
JP2008291842A (ja) 2008-12-04
RU2008120462A (ru) 2009-11-27
RU2465519C2 (ru) 2012-10-27
CN101311510A (zh) 2008-11-26
US8868313B2 (en) 2014-10-21
CA2630953A1 (en) 2008-11-23

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