EP1991792A1

EP1991792A1 - Torque motor

Info

Publication number: EP1991792A1
Application number: EP07723087A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Friedrich
Original assignee: Kinshofer GmbH
Current assignee: Kinshofer GmbH
Priority date: 2006-03-07
Filing date: 2007-03-07
Publication date: 2008-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2027-03-07
Also published as: CN101395386A; KR20080113028A; DE202006003589U1; AU2007222602A1; CA2642613A1; RU2008139606A; US20090090238A1; MX2008011366A; WO2007101679A1; EP1991792B1; AU2007222602B2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a torque motor comprising a long tubular housing, a piston (3), which is mounted in said housing in an axially displaceable manner and can be axially driven by being subjected to a pressure fluid in a pressure chamber, and at least one shaft (6) that is mounted in an axially fixed manner inside the housing and is configured so as to rotate about an axis of rotation. The piston comprises a recess at the shaft hole, thereby allowing the piston to be axially displaceable on the shaft. According to the invention, the shaft forms a camshaft whose rotating axis (7) is offset relative to the recess at the shaft hole. The shaft part that extends slidably through the respective recess at the shaft hole has a lever arm relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft, thereby converting the radial force produced by the axial displacement of the piston and the pitch of the helical engagement path between the shaft and the piston and/or between the piston and the housing during the engagement of shaft and piston into a rotational movement of the shaft relative to the housing (1) or vice versa. According to the invention, the recess at the shaft hole is arranged approximately in the center of the piston in relation to the piston cross-section, a rotational locking of the piston not being required.

Description

ROTARY ENGINE

The present invention relates to a rotary motor, preferably rotary drive for construction machinery, hoists, trucks and the like, with an elongated, approximately tubular housing, at least one axially slidably received in the housing piston, which is axially driven by application of a pressure medium in a pressure chamber and at least an axially fixed in the housing, about a rotational axis rotatably received shaft, wherein the piston has a Wellendurchgangsausnehmung with which the piston is axially displaceable on the shaft.

In such rotary motors, the axial movement of the piston, which can be acted upon by corresponding pressure chambers with a pressure medium, converted into a rotation of the shaft relative to the housing or of the housing relative to the shaft. Usually this is the shaft with the piston in screw engagement, which in turn is guided against rotation of the housing. Such a rotary motor, for example, shows the DE 201 07 206, according to which the piston is rotatably guided on the one hand on the inner circumferential surface of the circular cylindrical housing and on the other hand on a threaded portion of the shaft in screw engagement stands. If the piston is displaced axially by hydraulic or pneumatic loading in the housing, its axial movement is converted by the screw engagement into a rotational movement of the shaft. A problem here is the sealing of the piston relative to the shaft and / or with respect to the housing. For the seal between the piston and shaft DE 201 07 206 proposes to give the piston a spaced from the screw engagement portion sealing portion which slides on a shaft sealing portion and is sealed. However, such piston designs are disadvantageous in terms of size and associated with high production costs. In addition, different power relationships result for the operation in different directions of rotation.

Furthermore, from JP 61-278606 A, a rotary motor is known, whose shaft has a spiral-shaped cam portion, on which a counterpart inserted into the axially displaceable piston slides off, which is intended to effect a seal. The training of both the shaft and the piston is quite complicated here, also can not be effected over the entire travel of the piston constant rotational movement. Furthermore, JP 63-130905 A shows a rotary motor in which the shaft has a helical thread-shaped toothing, on which the piston sits with a matching screw thread-shaped toothing. The sealing of the piston relative to the piston rod is to be effected solely by the screw-tooth engagement, which naturally brings about corresponding leakage at high pressures and / or low-viscosity media and only permits a less efficient operation. Similar problems. Arise here also in the rotation of the piston against the cylinder.

Moreover, the known rotary engines with steep-thread toothing achieve only very poor efficiencies, since there are quite large losses due to high surface stresses and surfaces subject to friction. As a result, the field of application of such rotary motors has hitherto also been limited to lubricant-containing print media. Proceeding from this, the present invention has the object to provide an improved rotary motor of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. Preferably, a cost-effective and easy-to-seal piston shaft assembly is to be created, which allows the generation of high torques and large rotation angle with favorable efficiency with a short engine length, regardless of the pressure medium used.

This object is achieved by a rotary motor according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The present invention thus leaves the previous approach to provide a screw engagement between the shaft and the piston and implement the axial movement of the piston in a rotational movement between the shaft and housing via a rotationally fixed guidance of the piston on the housing. Instead, the piston actuates the shaft on the crank principle in conjunction with the wedging action of the pitch of a helical engagement path. Surprisingly, in this case the hitherto always pursued approach can be left, that the piston of rotary motors, which implement an axial movement of the piston in a rotational movement of the shaft, in whatever form to secure against rotation, what the present invention ignores. According to the invention, the shaft forms a crankshaft whose axis of rotation is offset from the shaft passage recess. The respective shaft piece sliding through the shaft passage recess has a lever arm relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft, which forms the radial force produced by the axial displacement of the piston and the pitch of the spiral engagement track between the shaft and the piston and / or between the piston and the housing Rotary movement of the shaft relative to the housing or vice versa. In order to achieve favorable Kraftabtragsverhältnisse, it is particularly provided that the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung is arranged approximately centrally in the piston relative to the piston cross-sectional area, being dispensed with an anti-rotation of the piston, - A -

so that a rotatability of the piston relative to the housing is given. The arrangement of the shaft passage recess approximately in the centroid of the cross-sectional area of the piston results in low tilting moments and low restraining forces, which is also supported by the rotatability of the piston and the lack of anti-rotation or separate guides. In addition, a maximum effective lever arm can be achieved at low Hemmkräften by the aforementioned central arrangement of the shaft passage hole at the same time. Although an off-center shaft through hole could further increase the lever arm of the shaft per se, counteracting forces with counter-rotating lever arms would nullify the effect, especially as tilting moments would have to be compensated in this case, which would degrade the efficiency. The rotatability of the piston relative to the housing also allows in principle a variable pitch of the wave profile.

Compared to previously common steep-thread toothing between the piston and shaft or piston and housing, the production cost can be significantly reduced, since simple geometries can be selected for the piston and in particular for the shaft. In particular, the forces can be removed over a large area and complicated configurations of the seals between the piston and shaft and also between the housing and the piston can be avoided; In addition, these are not subject to the stresses caused by the torque transmission in Schraubgewindeverzahnungen. The usable simple geometries of the shaft and also the piston benefit not only a simple and cost-effective production per se, which is also easily and quickly adaptable to changing installation dimensions, but also an improved surface finish on the shaft and the piston, whereby friction losses can be reduced , This, together with the lower surface pressures, results in a higher efficiency of the engine and, moreover, also permits use without lubricant-containing pressure media. For the production of shaft, piston and cylinder simple rotationally symmetric manufacturing processes can be used. In a further development of the invention, the vortex technique can be used in particular for the shaft. In a further development of the invention, the shaft has a helical course around its axis of rotation. The crank portion of the shaft is, so to speak, entangled spatially in the form of a helix about the axis of rotation. The helical turn advantageously has a constant radial distance from the axis of rotation of the shaft, while the pitch viewed in the axial direction can change. Preferably, however, the helical crank portion has a constant pitch in order to convert axial movements of the piston into a uniform rotational movement.

The housing may be a simple cylinder tube with a cylindrical inner surface, which in the simplest embodiment of the invention. in particular circular cylindrical may be formed as a rotationally fixed guidance of the piston in the housing is not necessary. In the case of a cylinder tube which is circular in cross-section and also has a circular cross-section, the eccentric dimension of the shaft, ie the wave jump, can be approximately one quarter of the difference between the cylinder diameter and the shaft diameter, ie e = VA (d _z -d _w ). As a result, the best possible efficiency of the machine can be achieved in a compact and simple structure.

Alternatively, the shaft with its crank portion could also have a straight course parallel to and spaced from its axis of rotation. In this case, in order to realize the crank principle, the housing could have a spirally twisted inner circumferential surface, so that upon axial movement of the piston, it will make a helical movement about the axis of rotation of the shaft. The spirally twisted design of the inner circumferential surface of the housing may optionally also be provided in combination with the above-described helical design of the shaft, so to speak to add the slopes and, accordingly, a greater translation between the axial adjusting movement of the piston and the rotational movement of the shaft relative to the housing to reach.

In a development of the invention, the pair of forces acting on the piston and the housing and / or on the piston and shaft simultaneously forms a sealing surface. chenpaar, which seals the pressure chamber for pressurizing the piston. As a result, an extremely short length can be realized. In addition, can be formed on both sides of the piston equally large effective piston surfaces in the invention, so that the full piston area can be effectively used with equal forces in both directions. In fact, on both sides of the piston, the entire housing inner diameter surface is only available in a reduced manner around the shaft cross section as a piston pressure surface. As a result, the same torques can be generated with the same hydraulic or pneumatic pressures in both directions of drive. In addition, for a given pressure results in a maximum torque output.

In particular, in each case at least one seal is inserted between the shaft and the shaft passage recess in the piston and between the piston outer jacket surface and the inner side of the housing shell. Due to the simple geometry of these inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the piston and the associated surfaces of the housing and shaft simple sealing elements can be found for example in the form of proven standard ring seals use.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the seal is designed such that between the piston and the housing and / or between the piston and shaft each pressure pockets are formed, which can be fed from the piston driving the pressure chambers. In particular, peripherally extending circumferential sectors may be delimited by axially extending sealing elements in the circumferential direction on the piston skirt outer surface and / or on the lateral surface of the shaft passage recess in the piston, so that the corresponding peripheral sectors each form a pressure pocket, wherein the one of the pressure pockets communicates with the pressure chamber on the one piston side and the opposite pressure pocket with the pressure chamber on the opposite side of the piston can be brought into fluid communication. The pressure pockets are thus fed from different sides of the piston. This is based on the consideration that the radial forces to be removed always occur depending on the drive direction on the same side of the piston. The on the respective piston side for the respective hydraulic or pneumatic pressure occurring in a specific circumferential sector between the piston and the housing and / or between the shaft and the piston is selectively prevented by two axial sealing elements or - sections from flowing out of this peripheral sector on the other side of the piston, in the no radial forces are to be intercepted. As a result, a considerable reduction in friction can be achieved, which considerably affects the efficiency of the rotary motor. The radial forces to be absorbed can be intercepted to a considerable extent by the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure through such a pressure pocket formation and intelligent sealing arrangement. In a further development of the invention can be achieved analogously by a suitable Druckmediumführung and shaping of the seals pressure relief and possibly lubrication of the bearing points of the shaft.

In a further development of the invention, an overpressure protection is provided between the two pressure chambers of the engine, at least one which has a pressure chamber connecting a two pressure chambers, which in the normal case, i. is closed at pressures below a predetermined threshold value by a pressure relief valve which opens only when the said threshold value is exceeded. The overpressure protection can basically be integrated in the shaft in the form of a shaft recess. Advantageously, however, the overpressure protection can also be integrated in the piston, which facilitates the introduction of the overpressure channel, in particular in the case of a helical course of the shaft.

In order to achieve a low-cost assembly with simple production and favorable force removal, the shaft can be advantageously mounted on at least one end by means of a bearing plate or washer on the housing, preferably between the bearing plate and shaft releasable connection can be provided. In particular, a helically formed recess may be provided in the bearing plate, in which the shaft is received in register with a helical section. Advantageously, the helical shaft portion in the Lagerplattenausnehmung by a positive locking element, which may have various configurations, axially and / or radially braced or spreads. The shaft can be mounted differently at its two ends, preferably at one end by a fixed bearing and the other end by a floating bearing, so that the shaft is axially fixed only on one side.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the entire construction of the housing is such or the bearing of the shaft designed such that the shaft together with the seated piston and preferably also together with the shaft supporting the bearing plate are taken out axially to one side of the housing can, which can be made accessible in a simple manner for the purpose of the seal replacement or maintenance of the piston and the seals. The engine may have a total, in particular unsymmetrical shape, in particular with regard to the end-side bearings.

The shaft or its crank section can basically have different cross-sectional geometries. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shaft has a simple circular cross-section.

Alternatively, the shaft may also have a flattened, in particular oval or ellipsoidal cross-section. As a result, advantages in terms of the removal of the bending moment and the support of the deformation can be achieved, in particular, the shaft can thereby better conform to a corresponding mating contour, so that a better support can be achieved.

Alternatively, the shaft may have other polygonal-shaped cross-sections, which may be advantageous for the compensation of bending forces, depending on the application, for example, in longer-lasting designs.

The shaft may have a constant along its possibly helically bent axis constant cross section in the invention, wherein advantageously the shaft surface smooth without grooves and projections, as they would be present in a screw thread toothing, is formed. Especially For example, the surface of the shaft can correspond to a continuous envelope surface, as occurs when, for example, a ball or a possibly differently shaped cross-sectional piece is moved along the optionally helically curved shaft axis. The shaft cross-sections thus advantageously have a constant geometry along the optionally curved longitudinal axis without cracks or other irregularities such as toothed grooves or the like. The shaft can advantageously be manufactured as an endless profile, which is cut to the desired length depending on the application, optionally also bearing journals being formed can be.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shaft may have an integrally formed bearing journal on one side, while the other shaft terminates on the other side in its helical profile, which is supported on a bearing plate.

The journal is advantageously according to an embodiment of the invention larger than the shaft in the region of its helical profile. In particular, the bearing pin can correspond approximately to the envelope, which wraps said helix or helical profile of the shaft. The diameter dι_ of the journal is advantageously the sum of the fourfold wave jump and the shaft diameter, ie d _L = 4e + dw-

In particular, with relatively large Weliendurchmessem bearing journals can be provided which are smaller than the Wellenduchmesser, in which case advantageously the bearing pin corresponds approximately to the inner envelope of the helix contour in order to achieve optimum bending stiffness, preferably d _L = d _w - 2e applies.

The piston can also basically have different cross-sectional shapes. According to a particularly simple to produce and a compact size causing embodiment, the piston may have an annular outer peripheral contour, in particular a apart from receiving pockets for sealing elements circular cylindrical outer surface may be provided. Alternatively, the piston can also have a flattened outer peripheral contour, in particular an oval or ellipsoidal outer peripheral contour, in particular in conjunction with a likewise flattened configuration of the shaft cross section. As a result, the shaft outer surface can cling to the housing wall accordingly. Optionally, the outer peripheral contour of the piston may also be polygonal-shaped. With flattened, oval or ellipsoidal piston cross sections occurring tilting moments can be reduced in particular.

The Wellendurchgangsausnehmung in the piston may also have different cross-sectional shapes, which are adapted in a further development of the invention to the respective shaft cross-section.

In order to minimize the friction losses and to further improve the efficiency of the engine, between the housing and the piston and / or the piston and the shaft in each case a rolling bearing may be provided preferably in the form of a ball bushing. Furthermore, abrasion-resistant and low-friction plastics can be used to minimize friction, from which the piston can be made, where appropriate, even the same sealing elements can be molded with.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the motor may also have two shafts which are driven by a common piston. For this purpose, the piston can have two shaft passage recesses through which one of the shafts extends. Preferably, the two shafts in this case have a helical course around their respective axis of rotation around which have a suitable pitch offset to each other, so that the radial forces induced by the respective shaft on the piston compensate each other. The waves are arranged in opposite directions so to speak, so that the radial forces which are to be removed from the piston, are opposed to each other and thus compensate each other. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several embodiments and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

1 is a schematic perspective view of a rotary motor with a helically bent drive shaft according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

2 shows a longitudinal section through the engine of Fig. 1,

3 shows a cross section through the rotary motor from the preceding figures, which also shows the envelope of the shaft,

4 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the bearing portion of the drive shaft, the shaft bearing according to an alternative embodiment of the invention with an enlarged bearing plate for improved frontal load transfer,

5 is a plan view of the bearing disk of FIG. 4, showing the position of the shaft passage,

6 is a fragmentary view of a drive shaft according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which an output shaft stub is integrally connected in one piece with the drive shaft,

7 shows a sectional view of a multi-part piston according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, according to which two piston half-shells are mounted on each end face on an annular piston carrier on both sides,

8 is a frontal plan view of the piston of FIG. 7, 9 is a sectional view of a composite of two half-shells piston according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the parting line is bent according to the curvature of the drive shaft,

10 shows a cross section through the piston of FIG. 9, which shows the screw connection of the two piston half-shells,

11 is a sectional view of a one-piece piston according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with double seal and hydraulic pressure compensation,

12 is a frontal plan view of the piston of FIG. 11,

13 is an end view of an oval shaped piston according to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the drive shaft is shown in section and with your envelope,

14 is an end view of an oval piston similar to FIG. 13, but also the drive shaft has an oval cross section,

15 is an end view of a piston having a central constriction having oval shape according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, through which an improved support of the drive shaft can be achieved

16 is a sectional view through a rotary motor with egg-shaped, polygonal cross-section of the drive shaft and a likewise polygon-shaped piston, with respect to Torsionsstei- the shaft and the balance of forces on the piston are optimized,

17 is a fragmentary sectional view of the bearing portion of the drive shaft of the rotary motor similar to FIG. 4 according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which a mounted on the bearing plate spool for cushioning and / or continuous adjustment of the end position is provided

18 is a schematic representation of two rotary motors, which are hydraulically synchronized with each other according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

19 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary motor according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which two drive shafts are arranged in a common housing and can be driven by a common axial piston,

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary motor of FIG. 19, shown cut away in common pistons and the two wells engaged therewith. FIG.

21 is a longitudinal section through a rotary motor according to a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the drive shaft designed as a crankshaft has a straight crank section, while the piston is guided longitudinally displaceably in a spiral-twisted housing tube,

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary motor of FIG. 21, showing the housing wall and the shaft in section. FIG. 23 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of a rotary motor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which has a driven gear stage, which is integrated in the housing or the front-side housing cover,

24 is a longitudinal section through a rotary motor according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the helically bent drive shaft is mounted at its ends like a ball joint,

25 shows a cross section through the rotary motor of Fig. 24,

26 is a longitudinal section through a one-piece piston with split pressure pockets,

27 is a plan view of the piston of FIG. 26,

28 is a longitudinal section through a one-piece piston with split pressure pockets, which are generated by an S-shaped circumferential seal,

29 is a plan view of the piston of FIG. 28,

30 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary motor according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which a diagonal seal between piston and housing and / or provided between the shaft and piston and the shaft is provided with output shaft journal formed within its inner envelope profile,

31 is a side view of the shaft of the rotary motor of Fig. 30, FIG. 32 shows an end view of the shaft from FIG. 31 in the direction of the arrow A _{1 shown} in FIG. 31

33 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a thrust plate,

34 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 33,

35 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a tooth plate,

36 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of FIG. 35,

37 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a two-part bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a thrust support ring,

38 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 37,

39 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a push nut,

40 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 39, 41 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a push nut,

42 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 41,

43 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a push nut and a shoulder on the shaft,

44 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of FIG. 43,

45 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of a slot thrust plate,

46 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of FIG. 45,

47 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with a positive locking element in the form of an internal slot thrust plate,

48 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 47, 49 is an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with an expansion cone spreading the shaft,

50 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of FIG. 49,

51 is an end view of a shaft mounting on a bearing plate according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with a stepped shaft end which sits in a stepped Lagerplattenausnehmung,

52 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of FIG. 51,

53 is an end view of a shaft mounting on a bearing plate according to another preferred embodiment of the invention with an eccentrically beveled shaft end, which sits in a complementary Lagerplattenausnehmung,

54 a Scππittansicht the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 53,

55 shows an end view of a shaft attachment to a bearing plate according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention with positive locking elements in the form of radial grub screws,

56 is a sectional view of the shaft attachment to the bearing plate of Fig. 55, and Fig. 57 is a schematic longitudinal section through a rotary motor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the shaft is mounted differently at their ends and can be removed together with the piston axially from the motor housing.

The rotary motor shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a tubular, cylindrical housing 1, which is each closed by a Lagerdek- angle 2 at its two end faces. The housing 1 can be made of an endless profile, which has been cut to the desired length. In the interior of the housing 1, a piston 3 is received axially displaceable, which divides the interior of the housing 1 into two pressure chambers 4 and 5, which can be acted upon in the illustrated embodiment via pressure medium lines in the bearing caps 2 with pressure medium, so that, depending on which the two chambers 4 or 5 is acted upon with pressure medium, the piston 3 moves axially in the housing 1 back and forth.

Furthermore, a drive shaft 6 is accommodated in the housing 1, which is rotatably mounted in the illustrated embodiment on both bearing caps 2, so that it can be rotated about an axis of rotation 7 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical housing 1. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the drive shaft 6 is helically rotated in the illustrated embodiment about the said axis of rotation 7, wherein the drive shaft 6 to the said axis of rotation 7 has an eccentricity, the respective engagement portion of the shaft with the piston a Lever arm with respect to the axis of rotation 7 are. The drive shaft 6 is screwed, so to speak, about the axis of rotation 7 around and actuates the lever arm on the wedge effect of the slope. In cross section, the drive shaft 6 in the drawn in Figures 1 to 3 embodiment is circular. It can consist of an endless profile which has been cut to the desired length. On the front side, it is in each case attached to a bearing plate 8, on which in turn a rotationally fixed fixedly extending through the bearing cap 2 extending output shaft in the form of a stub shaft 9. As shown in FIG. 2, the piston 3 has a Wellendurchgangsausnehmung 10 with which the piston 3 is longitudinally displaceable on the drive shaft 6, wherein the piston according to its preferably helical Wellendurchgangsausnehmung undergoes a rotation in the displacement on the shaft. The shaft passage recess 10 is circular in cross section as the drive shaft 6, wherein viewed in the axial direction, the shaft passage recess 10 is adapted to the curved course of the drive shaft 6 and has a curved course dek- same with the shaft.

Advantageously, the geometry ratios and the arrangement of the drive shaft 6 are selected such that the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung 10 is located substantially centrally in the cross-sectional area center of gravity of the piston 3, so that the piston 3 is balanced with respect to the forces induced by the drive shaft 6, in particular no tilting moments occur. For this purpose, the drive shaft 6 is radially offset with its axis of rotation 7 with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the housing 1 and the piston 3, and advantageously as far as possible, so that the drive shaft 6 with a center as possible between their two ends or depending on the slope with several portions of the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1 is present or supported thereon. In Fig. 2, this point is indicated by the reference numeral 11. It is understood that this point migrates upon rotation of the drive shaft 6. For a circular cross-section cylindrical tube and a likewise circular in cross-section shaft which can be determined the efficiency of the motor off-center of the shaft, the shaft jump that is, about a quarter of the difference of cylinder diameter and shaft diameter correspond, so e = YA (d _z - d _w). As a result, the best possible efficiency of the machine can be achieved in a compact and simple structure.

Advantageously, the pairs of surfaces which effect the transmission of force between the drive shaft 6 and the piston 3 or between the piston 3 and the housing 1, ie the lateral surface of the drive shaft 6 and the inner circumferential surface of the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung 10 on the one hand and the Kolbenaußenmantelflä- surface and on the other hand, sealing surface pairs which seal the pressure chambers 4 and 5 on the other hand. Advantageously, gaskets 12 and 13 are integrated in these surface pairs in order to avoid pressure losses. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft seal 12 sits in the shaft passage recess 10 and slides on the outer circumferential surface of the drive shaft 6. The housing seal 13 is seated on the piston outer lateral surface and seals the piston 3 with respect to the housing 1, on which said seal 13 slides off. Both seals are formed in the illustrated embodiment as sealing rings.

If one of the pressure chambers 4 or 5 pressurized medium, the piston 3 moves axially. This axial adjusting movement leads to a rotation of the drive shaft 6 about the axis of rotation 7, since the helical section of the drive shaft 6 sliding through the shaft passage recess 10 has a corresponding lever arm with respect to the axis of rotation 7 and the pitch of the drive shaft 6 exerts a wedge effect which is axial Actuating force of the piston 3 converts into a lever arm actuating radial force. The drive shaft 6 is driven by the cranking principle by the axial adjusting movement of the piston 3. Since the shaft passage recess 10 is seated in the center of the piston 3, the forces transmitted from the drive shaft 6 on the piston have approximately no lever arm, so that these forces cause approximately no torque on the piston. The piston 3 need not be guided against rotation in the housing 1. This has an advantageous effect on the seals 12 and 13.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 brings considerable advantages. First, by the direct guidance of the drive shaft 6 in the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung 10 and the piston 3 in the housing 1 with each integrated seal the required installation length shortened and it can be generated by a small slope of the helical course of the drive shaft 6, a large torque. It will be introduced into the piston 3 and via this in the housing 1 substantially radial forces. Compared to the conventional solutions with steep teeth or coarse thread toothing, the production cost for both the piston outer guide as well as the piston inner guide to the shaft can be significantly reduced. Ideally, very easy to produce shapes and components are used, which can be manufactured endless and assembled according to demand and length. By the load attack at the middle of the coil, the lever length and the pitch of the helical drive shaft 6 can be set almost arbitrarily. A low pitch and a large lever arm generate great moments. In addition, the piston surface can be used effectively, with equal forces in both directions can be achieved. Essentially, the total internal shell cross sectional area minus the shaft cross sectional area is available as the effective piston area. Furthermore, due to the low surface pressures and lubricant-free or low-pressure media such as water or air can be used.

Advantageously, a part of the axial load transfer via the bearing plate 8, by means of which the drive shaft 6 is mounted frontally at the housing end, especially when a large-area bearing plate 8 is used, as shown in FIG. The drive shaft 6 extends in its helical shape and pitch in the bearing plate 8 and transmits by its spiral shape over the entire surface of the torque on the bearing plate, wherein they only by means of an axial and / or radial fuse, for. can be secured against withdrawal in the form of a screw 14. If, for example, the pressure chamber 4, which is shown in FIG. 4, charged with pressure medium, this pushes the Koiben 3 to the right, which is transmitted to the drive shaft 6, an axial force that tries to pull the drive shaft 6 of FIG. 4 to the right. However, the same pressure in the pressure chamber 4 also acts on the bearing plate 8, which partially compensates for this axial force. As shown in FIG. 5, the bearing plate 8 can remove the torque via a plurality of screw connections 15, the sealing of the pressure chamber 4 being ensured by means of seals 16 and 17.

Fig. 6 shows the drive shaft 6 with a directly connected or connected shaft-frusto-conical output shaft 9. Advantageously, the diameter of the output shaft stub 9 and the width of the bearing plate 8 is not greater than the diameter of the output shaft 6 itself, so that a shaft seal 12 for sealing the piston 3 relative to the shaft 6 can be pushed over the drive shaft stub 9 away on the drive shaft 6. This is advantageously supported by a bevel 1.8 on the bearing plate 8. The entire drive shaft 6 together with the connected output stub shaft 9 is formed such that an elastic sealing ring with an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the drive shaft 6, can be slid over the entire shaft assembly ,

Advantageously, however, the drive shaft 6 is preferably detachably connected at one of its ends to a separately formed position plate 8 as shown in FIGS. 33 ff. The support of the drive shaft 6 via a separate bearing plate 8 makes it possible to remove very high axial and transverse forces with superimposed torques without having to accept excessive production costs.

It is particularly preferred if there is a connection of the type Helix-in-Helix between the bearing plate and the drive shaft, i. the drive shaft 6 is seated with its spiral or helical profile in a likewise spiral or helical recess 50 in the bearing plate 8. Advantageously, while the helical shaft portion in the helical recess 51 of the bearing plate by means of a positive locking element 51 axially and / or radially fixed and possibly advantageously braced or spread, which can be eliminated in iösbaren joints by the helix radial play.

As shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the drive shaft 6, with its helical contour, can, as such, run unaltered into the bearing plate 8 or the recess 50 formed therein which is likewise helically contoured. The form-locking element 51 is formed in this embodiment of a - roughly speaking - crescent-shaped thrust plate 52 which engages in a radially extending groove 53 in the drive shaft 6 and is supported on the bearing plate 8. For mounting, the bearing plate 8 is pushed inwards or rotated on the drive shaft until the thrust plate 52 can be placed in the groove 53, whereupon the bearing plate 8 is attached to the drive shaft. can be withdrawn. For this purpose, the recess provided in the bearing plate 8 for receiving the thrust plate 52 can have the recess 54 shown in FIG. 33, which has an oversize in the circumferential direction in order to enable the turning back. When tightening the mounting screws 55, the thrust plate 52 spreads between the preferably wedge-shaped groove 53 and the preferably conical recess 54 in the bearing plate 8, whereby a backlash, preloaded axial and radial lock is created.

As shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, instead of the thrust plate shown in FIG. 33, a tooth plate 56 may also be used as a positive locking element for securing the shaft and the bearing plate. The toothed plate 56 is toothed at one end and bevelled conically or wedge-shaped at the other end in order to be able to be tilted. By means of fastening screws 55, a backlash-free radial and axial securing can also be created here, cf. Fig. 35 and 36, wherein advantageously no rotation of the flange is necessary.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 37 and 38, a thrust support ring 57 is used as a form-locking element 51 for fixing the drive shaft 6 in the helical recess of the bearing plate 8. The bearing plate 8 is in this case in two parts, wherein advantageously the parting plane lies outside the fluid guide. The thrust support ring may be designed to be multi-part or one-piece slotted resilient. The thrust support ring 57 may be formed on the inside and / or outside conical and / or tapered, so that when contracting the two bearing plate parts axial and radial clamping of the connection is achieved. Alternatively or additionally, a nominal gap may be present between the two bearing plate parts with respect to the helical recess formed in them, so that the two bearing plate parts during linear tightening of the clamping device connecting them while preventing relative rotation of the two bearing plate parts, which by linear guides, for example. In the form of guide pins - preferably by means of guide screws 58 - can be effected, with regard to the Helixkon- tense and jammed on the drive shaft 6. Alternatively, the drive shaft 6 can be held in the Lagerplattenausnehmung 50 by means of a push nut 59, as shown in Figures 39 to 44. In the embodiment of FIGS. 39 and 40, the thrust nut 59 is provided with an external thread and an internal thread, so that it can be screwed to the bearing plate 8 and the drive shaft 6 in order to clamp the drive shaft 6 in the Lagerplattenausnehmung 50. 41 and 42, the thrust nut 59 is screwed by means of an internal thread to the drive shaft 6, wherein the helical contour is discontinued in the bearing plate 8, so that the drive shaft 6 with its shoulder, the transition from the helical contour of the drive shaft 6 to forms its threaded portion, can be clamped against the corresponding shoulder in the Lagerplattenausnehmung. In addition, the thrust nut is supported on the bearing plate side on a conical Schubmutterausnehmung, so that a Radialspiel eliminating centering is achieved, see. Fig. 42.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 43 and 44, the helical contour of the drive shaft has a diameter taper, which can be produced in a simple manner, and thus a shoulder 60, with which it can be tensioned against the inside of the bearing plate 8. Advantageously, a simple clamping nut 61 is screwed on the end face on the shaft end, which spans against the bearing plate 8 and thus pulls the shoulder 60 of the drive shaft 6 against the bearing plate 8, see. Fig. 44.

According to FIGS. 45 and 46, the drive shaft 6 can also be fixed by a sliding thrust plate 62 in the helical recess 50 of the bearing plate 8, which is inserted radially from the outside into a slot in the bearing plate 8 until it is provided in a circumference Groove engages the drive shaft 6, see. Fig. 46. The slot thrust plate 62 can be approximately lens-shaped overall - roughly speaking. Figures 47 and 48 show a basically similar configuration, but here the slot thrust plate 62 of. is inserted inside a slot-shaped recess in the bearing plate 8, which is formed deeper than the width of the slot thrust plate, so that the slot thrust plate 62 can first be inserted so deep that the drive shaft goes into the Lagerplattenausnehmung 50. The slot thrust plate 62 is then advantageously through pushed a cone or an eccentric screw 63 radially inwardly into the groove in the drive shaft 6 and clamped, see. In principle, this could also be reversed and the slot thrust plate 62 first sunk in a too deep shaft groove and then stretched outwards into the bearing plate slot.

In order to achieve a particularly secure elimination of any play between the drive shaft 6 and the bearing plate 8, an expansion of the shaft cross-section can be provided, which compresses the shaft portion stuck in the helical bearing plate recess 50 with the bearing plate 8, as shown in FIG. 49 and 50 show. For this purpose, the drive shaft 6 has an end face, preferably a conical recess, into which an expansion cone 64 can be inserted axially in order to widen the wave contour. For example, for this purpose, the expansion cone can be pulled by a clamping screw in the shaft recess. Alternatively or additionally, the expansion cone can be pressed. Advantageously, the drive shaft can be widened into the plastication area, so that joint compression occurs. This can be particularly advantageous in conjunction with an eccentric widening, which can be achieved by a corresponding insertion direction of the expansion cone 64. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to work with a centric expansion achievable by a centric introduction of the expansion cone 64. Depending on the cone angle, the connection can be released again in the elastic deformation area.

FIGS. 51 and 52 show an alternative drive shaft bearing plate connection. Hereinafter, the shaft section seated in the bearing plate recess 50 has a plurality of cylindrical, preferably also slightly conical, graduations 65, which are preferably within the helical contour or within the helical envelope surface of the helix contour Drive shaft 6 are arranged so that they are machined from the Helixkontur or otherwise herausarbeitbar. Preferably, the gradations are offset relative to each other with respect to their respective geometric axes, cf. Fig. 51, so that over the congruently formed gradations of Lagerplattenausnehmung 50 moments are transmitted can. Advantageously, this design of the drive shaft bearing plate connection allows a linear right-angled or paraxial pressing process and a simple manufacturing process. Radial backlash can be eliminated by a slightly conical design of the steps on the drive shaft and / or the bearing plate recess. The axial securing can be provided separately, for example in the form of a screw nut, which is screwed onto the shaft end and stretches against the bearing plate 8, cf. Fig. 52.

As an alternative to such gradations, the drive shaft 6 may also have eccentrically offset circumferential surface sections 66 and 67 in the region of its shaft section located in the bearing plate 8, which may be formed in particular by a one-sided conical bevel in the otherwise helical contour of the drive shaft 6. The bearing plate recess is designed to be complementary. By the offset of the two peripheral surface portions 66 and 67 and torques can be transmitted. The drive shaft is axially secured as before by a nut and clamped to the bearing plate.

FIGS. 55 and 56 furthermore show a pin connection between the drive shaft 6 and the bearing plate 8, the drive shaft 6 with a helically contoured shaft section also being seated in the likewise helical bearing plate recess. Several pins 68, preferably threaded pins are advantageously introduced outside the fluid guide between the bearing plate 8 and the drive shaft 6, wherein the pins 68 are screwed in the illustrated embodiment radially from the outside into the bearing plate 8 until they engage in the drive shaft 6, see. Fig. 56.

The piston 3 of the rotary motor can basically be designed differently. 7 and 8 show an advantageous multi-part design of the piston 3. A piston carrier 19 is annular and forms with its radially outer portion of the outer circumferential surface of the piston 3. At the front side, the piston carrier 19 has two circular recesses, in each of which two inner half len 20 and 21 are used, which together each have an annular shell form, the inner circumferential surface together form the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung 10. Advantageously, between the front side mounted inner half-shell pairs 20 and 21 of the inner sealing ring 12 can be used.

The one-piece piston carrier 19 advantageously has an inner diameter which is sufficiently large to be slid over the end bearing plates 8 of the drive shaft 6.

An alternative, also multi-part piston configuration is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Here, the piston 3 consists of two piston half-shells 22 and 23 which can be stacked in the radial direction. The parting line 24 advantageously extends arcuately, as shown in FIG. 9. In particular, it can follow the likewise arcuate course of the shaft passage recess 10, which corresponds to the helical course of the drive shaft 6. The two piston half-shells 22 and 23 can be screwed together by means of screws 25 and centering sleeves 26.

As shown in FIG. 9, two inner sealing rings 12 and two outer sealing rings 13 are provided on the piston 3 in the illustrated embodiment.

Alternatively, the piston 3 may also be formed in one piece. Such an embodiment, the figures 11 and 12, wherein this is the corresponding releasable connection of the drive shaft 6 with the bearing plates 8 and an education of Lagerbzw. Output shaft journal within the inner envelope of the drive shaft 7 assumes, as will be described in connection with FIGS. 30 to 32. Here, too, two axially spaced-apart inner seals 12 and outer seals 13 are provided, each extending in an annular manner around the corresponding piston outer and inner circumferential surface. This can advantageously be used to fill between the respectively formed between a pair of sealing rings, annular pressure pockets 27 and 28 with hydraulic or pneumatic pressure from the respective pressure-responsive pressure chamber 4 and 5 respectively. For this purpose, corresponding feed bores 29 are formed in the piston which, on the one hand, engage in the front end. th of the piston 3 and on the other hand open into said pressure pockets 27 and 28 on the lateral surfaces of the piston between the sealing rings. Via a valve 30, the connection of the feed holes 29 can be controlled with the respective pressure side, see. On the one hand, the induced radial forces are at least partially intercepted and on the other hand, the friction can be considerably reduced, which significantly improves the efficiency of the rotary motor.

As shown in FIG. 13, the piston 3 may also have an oval cylindrical shape. As a result, the piston chamber can be better utilized on the one hand by the displacement of the force application point. On the other hand, the false lever to the flat side of the piston is smaller. In particular, in a balanced piston, a greater wave jump can be achieved. Furthermore, it should be noted that in the oval shape of the piston shown in Fig. 13, the envelope 31 of the helically bent drive shaft 6 is better, i. E. over a longer curve portion of the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1 provides. However, a better support of the drive shaft 6 can be achieved on the housing 1, which is particularly important for longer designs in which the axial forces can induce larger shaft bends.

As FIG. 14 shows, the drive shaft 6 can also have an ovaieπ or ellipsoidal cross-section. This improves the stability of the drive shaft 6 in the bending direction. The flat side of the oval or eilipsoid cross section of the drive shaft 6 can better conform to the likewise oval or ellipsoid inner surface of the housing 1, whereby a better support is achieved.

The supporting effect can be further improved by the fact that the inner circumferential surface of the overall - roughly speaking - oval-shaped housing 1 experiences a constriction in the middle, so that the narrow side is better used on the envelope 31 of the drive shaft 6, as shown in FIG. As FIG. 16 shows, the drive shaft 6 can also have an egg-shaped or polygonal cross-section which is thicker towards the envelope outside and thinner toward the inside, whereby the drive shaft 6 is optimized with respect to its bending and torsional rigidity. Also, the housing 1 and the outer circumferential surface of the piston 3 has such a polygonal cylinder contour, which is thicker on one side and thinner to the side on which the drive shaft 6 is supported. However, a compact, force balanced cylinder can be achieved.

In order to achieve a cushioning and / or a continuous adjustment of the end position of the piston 3, in the manner shown in Fig. 17, an adjustable spool 32 may be provided, which is associated with the pressure medium supply and discharge line 33, via the Pressure chamber 4 and 5 can be filled and emptied. About the spool 32, the opening cross section of said conduit 33 can be changed. If it is completely closed, as shown in FIG. 17, the piston 3 can not move further to the left; he has reached his final position.

By way of the control scheme shown in Fig. 18, two rotary motors can be easily synchronized with respect to their rotational movements over the printing medium. Advantageously, the two rotary motors can be identical to each other and essentially correspond to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3. The pressure chambers 4 and 5 of the respective motors are each filled via a common pressure line 34 and 35, which forks on a flow divider 36 and leads into the respective pressure chambers 4 and 5 of the two motors.

19 shows an embodiment of a rotary motor with two mechanically synchronized via a common piston 3 drive shafts 6. As the figures 19 and 20 show, the piston 3 in this embodiment advantageously has a flattened cross-section, in particular it can be oval- or el- lipsoidzylindrisch be formed so that the two drive shafts 6 are arranged on the resulting flat sides of the correspondingly shaped housing 1 can be. The common piston 3 has in this case two shaft through holes 10, with which the piston 3 slidably slides on the two drive shafts 6.

Advantageously, the two drive shafts 6, which are each helical in the manner described above, offset in their helical turns to each other, so stuck in the two Wellendurchgangsausnehmungen 10 counter-curved shaft sections. As a result, the resulting radial forces, which are induced by the shaft in the piston 3, can be compensated.

As FIGS. 19 and 20 show, in the case of such a double-shaft configuration of the motor, advantageously a guide rod 37 can be centrally inserted in the interior of the housing 1, which connects the two end housing or bearing covers 2 to one another. The piston 3 has a corresponding recess which is slidably seated on said guide rod 37. The guide rod 37 causes, in addition to the piston guide, a force absorption for the hydraulic pressure, by advantageously connecting the front-side housing sections. In addition, the piston area is reduced, which can be of importance in particular for very large engine designs.

It can be achieved by different arrangements of the wave profiles relative to each other different advantages. While the mounting position shown in Fig. 20 allows a large center distance of the two shafts with compact outer dimensions, the waves can also be arranged according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 2OA to achieve a transverse force compensation. As shown in FIG. 2OA, in the installation position of the shafts shown there, the forces F1 and F2 acting on the piston by the shafts counteract one another, so that the resulting bearing reaction force corresponds to approximately zero. The axes of rotation 7 of the drive shafts 6 are not on the connecting line between the two Wellendurchgangsausnehmungen, but are offset transversely thereto, see. Fig. 2OA. Although in this embodiment, the drive shaft 6 is also designed as a crankshaft, but it has a straight course, which is offset from the axis of rotation 7 of the drive shaft and parallel to the said axis of rotation 7 extends, see. Fig. 21. The piston 3 is also axially displaceable with a cylindrical shaft passage recess 10 in this case slidably mounted on said drive shaft 6. To drive the drive shaft 6 on the crank principle, the inner surface of the housing 1 is helical or helical about the axis of rotation 7 of the drive shaft 6 rotates around or screwed so that the piston 3 performs a helical rotation about the axis of rotation 7 at an axial displacement around. As a result, the drive shaft 6 is rotated according to a crank.

In order to adapt the output speed or the output rotational angle and the achievable output torques to the requirements for a given housing length and shaft pitch, as shown in FIG. 23, a Abtriebsübersetzungs- or reduction gear 38 may be integrated into the housing 1 and / or in the bearing cap 2 , In particular, the drive shaft 6 bearing bearing plate 8 have a spur gear, which meshes with an output gear 39 which drives an abrasion shaft 40, which is also mounted on the housing 1, the end side closing bearing cap 2 and passes through it, see. Fig. 23.

Figures 24 and 25 show an embodiment which is basically similar to that of Figures 1 to 3 and corresponds in other areas thereof. As an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the drive shaft 6 is not rigidly connected to the bearing disks or plates 8 but is connected to them in ball-and-socket joint fashion.

Similarly to the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12, FIGS. 26 and 27 also show a one-piece piston, in which two axially spaced-apart inner seals 12 and outer seals 13 are provided, which in each case are annular run around the corresponding piston outer and inner circumferential surface around. In contrast to the embodiment according to Fig. 11, axially extending sealing elements are provided in addition to this in the circumferential direction extending seals, which connect the two axially spaced seals 12 and 13 on opposite sides of the piston (see Fig. 27). By said axial sealing webs 12a and 13a, the circumferentially between the seals 12 and 13 extending pressure pockets 27 and 28 are divided so that they are half-ring shaped on opposite circumferential sides. As a result, the pressure pockets can be fed from the pressure chambers 4 and 5, depending on which side of the pressure applied to the piston 3. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, these pressure pockets 27 and 28 are once supplied from the pressure chamber 4 through feed holes 29a and 29b and once supplied from the pressure chamber 5.

FIGS. 28 and 29 show a corresponding piston configuration like FIGS. 26 and 27. In contrast to this, however, there are no two spaced-apart, circumferentially extending seals, but only one such seal, which, however, has an S-shaped profile. see. Fig. 28, or simplified only diagonal course in sections on the pressure chamber 4 side facing and in an opposite section to the pressure chamber 5 facing side of the piston 3 is offset, in each case over about half the circumference of the piston. About this S-shaped or diagonal course, as shown in FIG. 28, two sector-shaped pressure pockets are also divided from each other, which are fed in the manner mentioned by the various pressure chambers 4 and 5 ago.

In the further embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 30 are also formed between the piston 3 and the housing 1 and between the piston 3 and the shaft 6 opposed pressure pockets, which in the illustrated embodiment, however, by an annular seal 13 and 12 are delimited, each extending diagonally across the circumference of the piston, as shown in FIG. 30. The pockets get this way an oblique wedge-like training in which the depth of the pressure pockets viewed in the circumferential direction increases or decreases in opposite directions. It is understood that here is the one pressure pocket with the one piston side and the other pressure pocket with the other side of the piston in pressure communication, so that when pressure is applied to a pressure chamber which is fed a pressure pocket and pressurizing the other pressure chamber of the rotary motor, the other pressure pocket. This also allows a corresponding pressure relief can be achieved.

Furthermore, the embodiment of the rotary motor shown in Fig. 30 differs by the formation of the shaft 6 and the associated output shaft journals 9. As shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, the shaft 6 has a relatively large shaft diameter with a relatively small eccentricity of the axis of rotation 7. The Lagerbzw. Drive shaft pins 9 are advantageously formed in the interior of the inner envelope profile of the shaft 6 and can thereby be integrally formed integrally with the shaft body. In Fig. 32, reference numeral 41 denotes the inner envelope profile of the shaft 6, within which said bearing or driven shaft journal 9 extends.

As shown in FIG. 30, the shaft 6 is attached in the illustrated embodiment via two roller bearings 42 to the housing covers, which may be rigidly connected to the housing 1 in this embodiment. In particular, the shaft 6 is clamped between two tapered roller bearings, which shorten the relevant for the bending of the shaft, effective bearing distance. About clamping screws 43, the bearing caps can be clamped on each other or on the housing 1. About seals 44 and 45, the respective bearing cap on the one hand against the bearing or driven shaft journal 9 and on the other hand sealed against the housing.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the rotary motor is shown in FIG. 57. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the housing or the bearing of the shaft is designed such that the drive shaft 6 together with the seated thereon piston 3 and together with the bearing cap 8 axially to one side of the housing 1 can be removed, which in a simple way to Purpose of a seal change or maintenance of the piston and the seals can be made accessible. Advantageously, a second bearing plate need not be dismantled for this purpose first. The engine may have a total, in particular unsymmetrical shape, in particular with regard to the end-side bearings.

The drive shaft 6 is mounted differently at its two ends, namely at one end by a fixed bearing and the other end by a floating bearing, so that the shaft is axially fixed only on one side. As a result, a statically determined storage of the shaft is achieved with a total of compact design with a play-free recording of the axial forces. This compact design is particularly advantageous when using the rotary motor as a blade drive due to the very cramped space there.

In order to achieve a favorable installation with simple production and favorable force removal, the shaft is advantageously mounted at one end by means of a bearing plate or washer 8 in one of the aforementioned embodiments of the housing 1, preferably between the bearing plate and shaft releasably connected to one of the above-described embodiments according to the figures 33 to 56 may be provided. At the opposite end, the drive shaft 6, however, has an integrally integrally formed shaft extension 69, which sits in a front-side housing cover and the floating bearing of the drive shaft 6 forms. The shaft extension 69 has a larger diameter than the helical crankshaft section of the drive shaft 6 and can in particular correspond approximately to the HeNx of the drive shaft 6 inscribing imaginary cylindrical envelope surface, which in turn may correspond to the original shaft blank contour from which the shaft is worked out.

In a further development of the invention, an overpressure protection 70 is provided between the two pressure chambers 4 and 5 of the engine, which has at least one connecting the two pressure chambers overpressure channel 71, which in the normal case, ie is closed by a pressure relief valve 72 at pressures below a predetermined threshold, which opens only when the said threshold value is exceeded. The overpressure protection can in principle be integrated in the shaft in the form of a shaft recess, as shown in FIG. 57. Advantageously, the overpressure safety device can alternatively or additionally also be integrated into the piston 3, which facilitates the introduction of the overpressure channel 72, in particular in the case of a helical course of the shaft 6. In order to set the pressure relief valve 72, which is advantageously adjustable in terms of its opening pressure, also from the outside, in the illustrated embodiment, an access point in the form of a screw plug 73 is provided in one of the frontal housing cover through which provided on the piston 3 pressure relief valve 72 through the housing can be actuated from the outside, cf. Fig. 57.

As shown in FIG. 57, the seals 12 and 13 respectively provided on the piston at the outside and in the inside have a diagonal course, whereby the oil-shearing effect is pre-built. Due to the constant change of plant in right-left-run a lubricating film cushion is built up by the repeatedly filling lubricating film bags, which seal themselves automatically when load changes on the cylinder wall.

Claims

Rotary motor claims

1. Rotary motor, preferably rotary drive for construction machinery, hoists, trucks and the like, with an elongated, approximately tubular housing (1), at least one in the housing (1) axially displaceably recorded piston (3) by applying a pressure medium in one Pressure chamber (4, 5) is axially driven, and at least one in the housing (1) axially fixed to a rotational axis (7) rotatably received shaft (6), wherein the piston (3) has a Wellendurchgangsausnehmung (10), with the the piston (3) is axially displaceable on the shaft (6), characterized in that the shaft (6) forms a crankshaft whose axis of rotation (7) is offset from the shaft passage recess (10) of the piston (3), the shaft passage recess (10) in the piston (3) is arranged centrally relative to the piston cross-sectional area and the piston (3) relative to the housing (1) is rotatable.

2. Rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein the shaft (6) has a helical course about its axis of rotation (7) around.

3. Rotary motor according to claim 1, wherein the shaft (6) has a straight course parallel to its axis of rotation (7).

4. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (1) has a spirally twisted inner circumferential surface.

5. Rotary motor according to claim 2, wherein the housing (1) has a circular cylindrical inner circumferential surface.

6. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft (6) has a circular cross-section and the piston (3) has a circular outer peripheral contour.

7. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft through-passage (10) in the piston (3) is adapted to the cross section of the shaft (6), in particular corresponds to the shaft cross-section, and / or in its axial course to the axial course the wave contour is adapted.

8. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an axially displaceable guide and / or the radial force support of the piston (3) causing surface pair on the piston (3) and on the housing (1) and / or on the piston (3). and on the shaft (6) at the same time forms a sealing surface pair for sealing the pressure chamber (4, 5) for pressurizing the piston (3).

9. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the shaft (6) and the Wellendurchgangsausnehmung (10) in the piston (3) a seal (12) and / or between the piston outer lateral surface and the Gehäuseinnenmantelfläche a seal (13) is inserted, wherein the seal (12), (13) is designed such that from the pressure chamber (4, 5) fed Pressure pockets (27, 28) between the piston (3) and the housing (1) and / or between the piston (3) and the shaft (6) are formed.

10. Rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein on the piston outer lateral surface and / or on the inner lateral surface of the Wellendurch- trough recess (10) opposing peripheral sectors (41), (42) by axially extending sealing elements and / or sealing element sections (43, 44) in Circumferential direction of the piston (3) are limited and each form a pressure pocket (27, 28), of which one with the one piston face and the other with the opposite Kobenstirnseite in pressure or flow communication, wherein on the piston outer lateral surface and / or the inner lateral surface of the Wellendurchtrittsausnehmung (10) opposing peripheral sectors (41, 42) are delimited by a diagonally extending over the piston circumference sealing element and each form a pressure pocket (27, 28), of which one with the one piston face and the other with the opposite Kobenstirnseite is in pressure or flow communication.

11. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the housing (1) and the piston (3) and / or between the piston (3) and the shaft (6) a rolling bearing is provided.

12. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the piston (3) is designed in several parts, such that each piston member is slidable by itself via a bearing stub at a crankshaft end.

13. Rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein the piston (3) has an annular piston carrier (19) which at least partially forms the piston outer lateral surface and on the front side at least one Innenhalbscha- pair can be set, which forms the Wellenendurch- gang recess in the assembled state.

14. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the piston (3) has on its two opposite end faces the same size effective piston surfaces.

15. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (1) and the bearing of the shaft (6) are formed on the housing such that the shaft (6) together with the piston sitting thereon, in particular also together with one attached to the shaft Bearing disc (8), axially from the housing (1) can be removed.

16. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft (6) formed differently at both ends and / or is mounted differently.

17. Rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein the shaft (6) is mounted at one end with an axial bearing and at its other end with an axially movable bearing on the housing (1).

18. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft (6) is mounted on at least one of its two ends in each case on a bearing plate and / or -scheibe (8), each of which defines a pressure chamber (4, 5) frontally and / or from the pressure in the pressure chamber (4, 5) can be acted upon, wherein the shaft (6) hineinerstreckt into a recess in the bearing plate and / or - disc (8) and over the recess torque over the entire surface of the bearing plate and / or disc (8) transmits.

19. A rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein the recess in the bearing plate and / or disc (8) has a helical course, in which the shaft (6) hineinerstreckt with its also helical course, wherein the seated in the recess helical shaft portion relative to the recess by a positive locking element axially and / or radially fixed, preferably is spread.

20. Rotary motor according to claim 18, wherein the shaft (6) in the region of the recess of the bearing plate (8) has a plurality within its helical course lying, each circular cylindrical and mutually eccentrically offset gradations, which are braced against the bearing plate.

21. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaft (6) has a preferably integrally formed bearing and / or driven shaft journal (9) which extends within an inner Hüllflache of the wave profile and / or with its diameter (dO about the shaft diameter (d _w ) minus the double wave eccentricity (e), ie d _L = d _w - 2e.

22. Rotary motor according to one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the shaft (6) has a preferably integrally formed bearing and / or driven shaft journal (9) which is larger than a shaft diameter and substantially corresponds to an outer envelope surface of the wave profile and / or with its diameter (d _L ) corresponds approximately to the sum of the shaft diameter (d _w ) and the quadruple wave eccentricity (e), ie d _L = d _w + Ae.

23. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at the bearing points of the shaft (6) feedable pressure pockets between the housing (1) and the shaft side bearing portion are formed, wherein on the inner circumferential surface of the shaft bearing recess of the housing and the associated shaft side bearing journal opposite circumferential sectors axially extending sealing elements and / or sealing element sections are limited in the circumferential direction of the journal and each form a pressure pocket, of which one or the other with the adjacent pressure chamber can be brought into connection depending on the driving direction of rotation.

24. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the piston (3) consists of a dry sliding material, preferably an abrasion-resistant and tear low-maintenance synthetic material, preferably ceramic and / or plastic, is made.

25. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the piston (3) is elastically formed in at least one load direction of the rotary motor such that the piston (3) forms a damping element in said at least one load direction.

26. Rotary motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one pressure chamber (4, 5) is in communication with a pressure line whose flow is controlled by a pressure relief valve, wherein the pressure relief line and the pressure relief valve advantageously in the piston (3) are arranged.

27. Rotary motor according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein two shafts (6) are provided, whose respective axis of rotation (7) relative to the associated Wellendurchgangsausnehmung (10) of the piston (3) is offset, wherein the two shafts (6) in two Wellendurchgangsausnehmungen (10) are accommodated in a common piston (3), which are arranged symmetrically with respect to a cross-sectional area center of gravity of the piston (3).

28. A rotary motor according to the preceding claim, wherein the two shafts (6) each have a helical course about its axis of rotation (7) around, opposite to the other helical course has a gear offset such that in the Wellendurchtrittsausnehmungen (10) seated shaft sections are oppositely curved and / or the force exerted by said shaft portions on the piston (3) forces (F1, F2) compensate each other.

29. A rotary motor according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the shaft (6) forms a crankshaft whose axis of rotation (7) relative to the shaft diameter. Gear recess (10) of the piston (3) is offset, wherein the shaft (6) has an oval, ellipsoidal or polygonal cross-section.

30. A rotary motor according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the shaft (6) forms a crankshaft whose axis of rotation (7) relative to the Wellendurch- gang recess (10) of the piston (3) is offset, wherein the piston is an oval, ellipsoidal or polygonal Outer contour has.

31. Rotary motor according to one of claims 27 to 30, wherein furthermore the features of at least one of claims 2 to 26 are provided.