EP1988047B1 - Elevator with a car, a pulley unit for an elevator and a method for installing a load measuring device in an elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

The elevator installation has a cabin (10) or a platform for carrying persons and goods, and has counter weights arranged to move or slide along a movement track. The counter weights are movably coupled with one another with the help of traction unit or with a drive. The counter weights move or slide along a movement track and is assigned a driving unit or a force transmission arrangement, which is guided or driven by driving disk or driving shaft or a deflection pulley. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a force transmission arrangement or a belt like traction unit (2) a manufacturing method for traction unit (3) a manufacturing device for belt like traction unit (4) an elevator system with two cabins.

Description

The invention relates to an elevator installation with a cabin, a suspension means for supporting the cabin and a load measuring transducer, a deflection roller unit to an elevator installation and a method for the arrangement of a load measurement sensor in an elevator installation according to the preamble of the independent claims.

The elevator system is installed in a shaft. It consists essentially of a cabin, which is connected via suspension means to a drive. By means of the drive, the cabin is moved along a car lane. The support means are connected via pulleys, with a multiple suspension to the cabin. Due to the multiple suspension, the load capacity acting in the suspension element is reduced in accordance with a shoulder factor. The cab is designed to carry a payload that can vary between empty (0% -) and full (100%) as needed.

Out DE20221212 Such an elevator installation with a cabin and a deflection roller arrangement which is mounted on the car is known, wherein the deflection roller arrangement comprises at least two deflection rollers which are rotatable about a common axis.

Out EP1446348 is another such elevator system with two parallel pulleys known, the pulleys are arranged symmetrically to a cabin guide.

Typically, such elevator systems include a load measuring system, which is intended to detect, for example, an overload in the cabin or which measures an effective load in order to provide the drive with a required Specify drive torque. An overload exists if the payload is more than 100% of the payload for which the cab is designed.
In many cases, such load measuring systems are arranged in a cabin floor, for example by measuring deformations or deflections of the cabin floor, or voltage measuring elements are attached to supporting structures of the cabin.

Based on the known prior art, the task now a load measuring system for an elevator system with parallel pulleys show which can be easily and inexpensively integrated into an elevator system and which can measure the payload of the cabin with sufficient accuracy. In addition, advantageously cheap measuring elements can be used.

The invention defined in the independent claims solves the problem of easily and inexpensively integrate a load measuring system in an elevator system and in the dependent claims is shown how accurate yet inexpensive measuring elements can be used.

According to the invention, a load measuring transducer is now arranged between the two deflection rollers on the common axis.
It is advantageous in this case that with only one load measuring transducer, a force acting on the respective common axis can be detected simply and inexpensively. The force acting on the common axis represents changes in a cabin charge very well. Such an arrangement of the load measuring transducer can be easily integrated into an elevator installation.

Advantageously, in this case a single load measuring transducer is arranged centrally between the two deflection rollers, and the load measuring transducer measures a bending deformation of the common axle. The central arrangement allows a very accurate measurement, with a different load distribution on the two-sided pulleys practically does not affect the measurement result. This means that even with asymmetrical load distribution with only one Load transducer an accurate measurement is possible. The bending deformation of the common axis can be easily measured, since it is an easily determinable load case - bending beam on two supports - is.
In an advantageous embodiment, the common axis is cut out in the middle region, with a substantially symmetrical aligned to the longitudinal axis of the common axis, rectangular cross-section remains aligned and this cross-section such that caused by the wrapping of the pulleys by the suspension means resulting deflection roller force an appropriate Bending deformation causes. An adequate bending deformation is a deformation which is well adapted to a measuring range of the load measuring transducer and takes into account the material properties - such as permissible stress, etc. - of the common axis.
Alternatively, the common axis consists of two outer axle sections, which are fixedly connected to one another by a connecting part, this connecting part in turn being shaped and aligned in such a way that a resulting deflection roller force caused by the looping of the deflection rollers by means of the suspension element causes an adequate bending deformation. By means of this solution, for example, different dispositions or different deflection roller distances can be easily realized, since only the connection part has to be changed.
In both embodiments, it is advantageous that an ideal measurement requirement for the load measuring transducer can be realized.

In a further advantageous development, the common axle is attached at its two-sided ends, substantially flexurally elastic to the car, wherein at least one of the ends has a positioning aid, which enables alignment of the common axle to the resulting deflection roller force. With this design an accurate measurement is possible and a wrong assembly is prevented.

Advantageously, the two pulleys and the common axis, possibly together with support structures for attachment to the cabin, already assembled in a manufacturing plant to a pulley unit. This reduces expensive assembly time at the elevator installation and prevents incorrect compositions since the complete guide roller unit can be subjected to a test at the factory. Of course, the Umlenkrolleneinheiten can also be already installed or installed in the factory to a structure of the cabin.

In some cases, the elevator installation comprises two deflection roller units, which are looped around, for example, in each case at 90 °, wherein in this case at least one of the deflection roller units includes a load measuring transducer. This is cost effective.

An integration in a control of the elevator system is advantageously carried out by the load sensor includes a load measuring computer or connected to a load measuring computer and this load measuring calculates an effective payload using a load characteristic of the load measuring. This is advantageous since the load measuring computer can be equipped with a precise characteristic of the respective load measuring transducer. This also allows multiple load sensors to be easily connected. The load measuring computer can also easily carry out a check of the load measuring transducer, for example by using an empty weight of the elevator car as the test variable.

In a practical embodiment, the load measuring computer determined during the period over which access to the elevator car possible, that is, when a car door is open, the effective payload in time intervals and an elevator control gives each last measurement signal for determining a starting torque to the elevator drive. This allows the determination of a precise starting torque whereby a starting pressure is largely avoided.
In addition, the elevator control can block a Wegfahrtkommando when an overload is detected.

In this solution is particularly advantageous that the effective payload from a time when the elevator car can be left and entered - for example, if the car door has opened a passage of 0.4m - until the time when the elevator car can not enter / leave - Cab door is practically too - constantly, for example, every 500ms, is measured. As a result, the drive continuously has the information with which drive torque he would have to drive at the moment and on the other hand, an overload can be detected early. Specifically, for example, can be pressed before reaching an overload a buzzer or occasionally even the car door closed.

In an advantageous embodiment of the load measuring transducer is a digital sensor, such as in EP1044356 is described. This is advantageous because such a sensor can be easily evaluated. In a correspondingly implemented example, the digital sensor changes its oscillation frequency due to its load-which results, for example, from an elongation of an outer traction fiber of the common axis. This oscillation frequency is counted by a computer over a fixed measuring period of, for example, 250 ms. The oscillation frequency of the digital sensor is thus a measure of the load or the payload in the elevator car. The characteristic of the digital sensor is learned during an initialization of the elevator installation, for example by determining the oscillation frequency of the digital sensor when the car is empty and at a known test load. Thereafter, an associated payload can be calculated from each further oscillation frequency.

Fig. 1A

eine schematische Ansicht einer Aufzugsanlage mit unterhalb der Kabine angeordneten Umlenkrollen;

Fig. 1G

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Aufzugsanlage entsprechend Fig. 1A;

Fig. 2A

eine schematische Ansicht einer Aufzugsanlage mit oberhalb der Kabine angeordneten Umlenkrollen;

Fig. 2G

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Aufzugsanlage entsprechend Fig. 2A;

Fig. 3

eine Prinzipdarstellung einer ersten Umlenkrolleneinheit;

Fig. 3A

eine Schnittdarstellung der Umlenkrolleneinheit mit Lastmessaufnehmer gemäss Fig. 3;

Fig. 3B

eine Schnittdarstellung der Umlenkrolleneinheit mit Positionierhilfe gemäss Fig. 3;

Fig. 3C

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Umlenkrolleneinheit gemäss Fig. 3;

Fig. 4

eine Prinzipdarstellung einer weiteren Umlenkrolleneinheit;

Fig. 5

ein Momentenschaubild einer Umlenkrolleneinheit

Fig. 6

ein zeitliches Ablaufdiagramm eines Lastmessvorganges während einem Beladungsvorgang.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several embodiments in conjunction with the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1A

a schematic view of an elevator system with arranged below the cabin pulleys;

Fig. 1G

a schematic plan view of an elevator system accordingly Fig. 1A ;

Fig. 2A

a schematic view of an elevator system with arranged above the cab pulleys;

Fig. 2G

a schematic plan view of an elevator system accordingly Fig. 2A ;

Fig. 3

a schematic diagram of a first deflection roller unit;

Fig. 3A

a sectional view of the pulley unit with load measuring according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 3B

a sectional view of the pulley unit with positioning according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 3C

a perspective view of the pulley according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 4

a schematic diagram of another deflection roller unit;

Fig. 5

a moment diagram of a pulley unit

Fig. 6

a timing diagram of a load measurement during a loading process.

A first possible overall arrangement of an elevator system is in the Figs. 1A and 1G shown. The elevator installation 1 is installed in a shaft 2 in the example shown. It consists essentially of a car 3, which is connected via support means 7 to a drive 8 and further to a counterweight 6. By means of the drive 8, the car 3 is moved along a car lane 4. Cabin 3 and counterweight 6 each move in opposite directions. The support means 7 are connected via pulleys 9, with a multiple suspension to the car 3 and the counterweight 6. Two support means 7 are arranged symmetrically to the car lane 4 and carried out via two pulley units 10, each comprising two pulleys 9, below the car 3. The pulleys 9 of the car 3 are each looped at 90 °. Due to the multiple suspension, the load acting in the support means 7 carrying capacity is reduced according to a Umhängefaktor, in the example shown according to a Umhängefaktor of two. The illustrated cabin 3 is located in a loading zone, ie a car door 5 is open and access to the car 3 is correspondingly free.
One of the Umlenkrolleneinheiten 10 of the car 3 is provided with a digital load transducer 17, the signal now during the Loading process is performed continuously to a load measuring computer 19. The load measuring computer 19 carries out the required evaluation and forwards the calculated signals or a calculated effective payload to an elevator control 20. The elevator control 20 forwards the effectively measured payload to the drive 8, which can provide a corresponding starting torque, or the elevator control 20 initializes necessary measures when an overload is detected. A transmission of signals from the load measuring computer 19 to the elevator control 20 via known transmission paths such as suspension cable, bus system or wireless. In the example shown, load measuring computer 19 and elevator control 20 are separate units. Of course, these modules can be combined arbitrarily, so the load measuring computer 19 may be integrated in the Umlenkrolleneinheit 10 or it may be integrated in the elevator control 20 and the elevator control 20 in turn can be located in the cabin 3 or in a machine room or it can also drive in the eighth be integrated.

Another overall arrangement of the elevator installation, which is also designed with a transfer factor of two, is in the Figs. 2A and 2G shown. In contrast to the preceding embodiment, the deflection roller unit 10 is arranged above the car 3. The pulleys 9 of the car 3 are looped by the support means 7 to 180 °, ie the support means 7 runs from above to Umlenkrolleneinheit 10, is deflected by 180 ° and in turn runs upwards away. The load measuring transducer 17 is installed at the cabin-side deflection roller unit 10. Below is on the remarks of Figs. 1A and 1G directed. In contrast to the FIGS. 1 is in the Figures 2 the car door 5 shown closed. In this state, the load measuring computer 19 is inactive, since no exchange of payload is possible. Of course, on a case by case basis, the load measuring computer 19 could be permanently activated, if, for example, conclusions about acceleration processes or disturbances in the driving sequence should be collected.

In Figure 3 is a possible deflection roller unit 10 shown as in the elevator installation 1 according to the FIGS. 1 is usable. The deflection roller unit 10 comprises a common axis 11 with two deflecting rollers 9 rotatably mounted in the region of the outer ends 15 of the axle 11. The common axle 11 is connected to the car 3 by means of supports 18 in the example. The axle 11 is in this case fixed, at least not rotatable, attached to the carriers 18. The carrier 18 is made in the example of molded steel sheet and he defined for the common axis 11 a support point, or support, which holds the axis 11 approximately free of bending or bending elastic. This attachment continues to be such that the free rotation of the pulleys 9 itself is guaranteed. The two deflection rollers 9 have a distance from each other, which, for example, arranging cabin guides 4 in the areas between the two deflection rollers, as in Fig.1G apparent, allows. In the middle, between the two pulleys 9 of the load transducer 17 is arranged. In the middle means that the pulleys 9 and the attachment to the beams 18 are substantially symmetrical to this center. The common axis 11 is in a middle region, as in FIG Fig. 3B represented, reduced in cross-section, or cut out. This remains a substantially symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the common axis 11 aligned, rectangular cross-section 14. This cross-section 14 is oriented such that a caused by the wrap of the guide rollers 9 by means of the support means 7, or by a support means force 22 resulting deflection roller force 23 a causes adequate bending deformation. In the according FIGS. 1 Selected arrangement, the support means 7 are performed below the cabin. It follows that the individual pulley unit 10 as in Fig. 3B is clearly wrapped around 90 °. The resulting deflection roller force 23 is accordingly rotated by 45 ° to the support means forces 22 and the rectangular cross-section 14 is aligned according to the direction of this resultant deflection roller force 23, so as to give an optimal bending deformation. In the example shown, the rectangular cross section 14, or cutout is selected such that the load measuring transducer 17 undergoes a change in length of about 0.2 mm over the expected load or payload area. The load range results from the difference between empty and fully loaded cab 3. As further in Fig. 3B As can be seen, one end 15 of the common axle 11 can be provided with a positioning aid 16, which enables a trouble-free alignment of the common axle 11 with the supports 18 and further with the car 3. In the example, to the end 15 of the common axis 11 is provided with a positive mold 16, which defines the position of the assembly. Fig. 3C shows a perspective view of the inventive arrangement of the load measuring transducer 17 as in Figure 3 described. The load measuring transducer 17 is connected, as a rule by means of cables, to the load measuring computer 19. In the example, the load measuring computer 19 is arranged on the cab 3. In many cases, the load measuring computer 19 can be arranged or integrated directly at the load measuring transducer 17.

Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the guide roller unit 10. In this example, the common axis 11 is divided into two outer axle sections 12, which form the receptacle for the guide rollers 9 and at the same time allows the connection to the carrier 18. The two outer axle sections 12 are joined together via a connecting part 13 to the complete common axle 11. The connecting part 13 includes the load measuring transducer 17 and, in turn, it is shaped so as to give the optimum load or bending conditions for the load measuring transducer 17. Of course, also in this embodiment, the connection points of the axle sections 12 to the connecting part 13 and the carrier 18 are designed such that an alignment of the common axis 11 takes place according to a loading direction inevitably.

The embodiments shown are examples and they can be changed with knowledge of the invention. Thus, of course, a plurality of pulleys can be used instead of two distant pulleys 9, for example, four pulleys would be arranged in pairs distanced to each other.

The symmetrical arrangement of the load measuring transducer 17 in the middle between the two deflection rollers 9 gives the advantage, as in Figure 5 shown that a unbalanced distribution of supportive forces on the two support means 7 has no significant effect on a measurement error in the load transducer 17 has. In a normal load distribution between two support means 7.1, 7.2 results in a bending moment curve M _N in the common axis 11, which has a constant value substantially between the two pulleys 9.1, 9.2. The load measuring transducer 17, which is arranged in the middle between the two deflection rollers 9.1, 9.2 detects a bending deformation value, which results according to a bending stress M _NM .
At a different load distribution between the two support means 7.1, 7.2, which in Fig. 5 is shown that from a total failure in each case one of the support means 7.1, 7.2 is assumed results in a bending moment curve M ₁ , when the support means fails 7.2, or a bending moment curve M ₂ , if the support means would fail 7.1. As can be seen in the comparison of the bending moment curves M _N , M ₁ , M _2, the bending deformation value M _1M , M _2M detected by the load measuring transducer 17, which is arranged in the middle between the two deflection rollers 9, remains substantially unchanged compared to the bending deformation value M _NM . This results in a maximum measurement deviation dM in the bending deformation value.

Fig. 6 shows a measuring operation in the operation of the elevator system. The elevator car 3 approaches at an operating speed V _K of 100% of a stop and decelerates to a stop. Shortly before reaching standstill, the elevator control system initializes an opening of the car door 5. The car door 5 starts to open and releases access to the car 3 in accordance with an opening stroke S _KT . As soon as there is a minimum passage of, for example, 30%, or a minimum passage of, for example, 0.4 m, the load measurement or load measuring computer 19 is switched on and it delivers at time intervals t _M a signal L _K corresponding to the effective load to the elevator control 20. The elevator control can now, as shown in the example recognize an 80% payload and can by means of a warning buzzer or an information display "cabin full" (not shown) stop further loading and initialize a closure of the car door 5. As soon as the car door 5 as far as it is concluded that access can no longer take place, in the example shown at 60%, the load measuring computer 19 stops the evaluation of the load measurement signal and the elevator control 20 uses the last measured value L _KE for determining the starting torque of the elevator drive. As soon as the opening path of the car door 5 is at 0% (closed), a drive of the car 3 is initialized accordingly.
If now the elevator control determined an overload L _KÜ due to the load measurement signal L _K , a request would be issued to reduce the payload and a closing operation of the car door would be prevented as long as an overload exists.
Of course, the controller can provide that other criteria are defined for special operations. For example, in emergency mode such as a fire alarm, a higher overload limit could be allowed.

With knowledge of the present invention, the elevator expert can arbitrarily change the set shapes and arrangements. For example, the elevator controller shown can further evaluate the signal of the load measuring computer, for example by defining the time of the warning signal as a function of a loading speed. Furthermore, a corresponding deflecting roller unit with load measuring transducer can also be arranged, for example, in the shaft or in the drive.

Claims (12)

1. Lift installation comprising a cage (3), a support means (7) for supporting the cage (3) and a load measurement pick-up (17), which support means (7) is connected with the cage (3) by means of at least two deflecting rollers (9), wherein the support means (7) partly loops around the deflecting rollers (9) and the two deflecting rollers (9) are rotatably mounted on a common axle (11), characterised in that the load measurement pick-up (17) is arranged on the common axle (11) between the two deflecting rollers (9).
2. Lift installation according to claim 1 , characterised in that a single load measurement pick-up (17) is centrally arranged between the two deflecting rollers (9) and that the load measurement pick-up (17) measures a bending deformation of the common axle (11).
3. Lift installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the common axle (11) is cut away in the centre region, wherein a rectangular cross-section (14) oriented substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the common axle (11) is left and this cross-section (14) is so oriented that a resultant deflecting roller force (23) produced by the looping-around of the deflecting rollers (9) by way of the support means (7) causes an appropriate bending deformation or that the common axle (11) consists of two outer axle sections (12) fixedly connected together by a connecting part (13) and this connecting part (13) is so shaped and oriented that a resultant deflecting roller force (23) produced by the looping-around of the deflecting rollers (9) by way of the support means (7) causes an appropriate bending deformation.
4. Lift installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the common axle (11) is fastened at its two ends (15) to the cage (3) to be substantially resilient in bending, wherein at least one of the ends (15) has a positioning aid (16) enabling alignment of the common axle (11) with respect to the resultant deflecting roller force (23).
5. Lift installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two deflecting rollers (9) and the common axle (11) are assembled to form a deflecting roller unit (10).
6. Lift installation according to claim 5, characterised in that the lift installation comprises two deflecting roller units (10), wherein at least one of the deflecting roller units (10) includes a load measurement pick-up (17).
7. Lift installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the load measurement pick-up (17) includes a load measurement computer (9) or is connected with a load measurement computer (19) and this load measurement computer (9) determines an effective useful load with use of a load characteristic of the load measurement pick-up (17).
8. Lift installation according to claim 7, characterised in that the load measurement computer (19) determines the effective useful load (L_K) at intervals during the period over which access to the lift cage is possible and a lift control (20) passes on a respective last measurement signal ((L_KE) of the load measurement computer (19) to a lift drive (8) for determination of a start torque or the lift control (20) blocks a move-off command if an overload is detected.
9. Lift installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the load measurement pick-up (17) is a digital sensor.
10. Deflecting roller unit for connecting a support means (7) with a lift cage, which deflecting roller unit (10) includes two deflecting rollers (9) and a common axle (11), wherein the two deflecting rollers (9) are rotatably mounted on the common axle (11), characterised in that a load measurement pick-up (17) is arranged on the common axle (11) between the two deflecting rollers (9).
11. Method of arranging a load measurement pick-up (17) in a lift installation, which lift installation (1) includes a cage (3) and a support means (7) for supporting the cage (3), wherein the support means (7) is connected with the cage by means of at least two deflecting rollers (9) and the two deflecting rollers (9) are rotatably mounted on a common axle (11), characterised in that the load measurement pick-up (17) is arranged on the common axle (11) between the two deflecting rollers (9).
12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that the effective useful load is determined by means of a load measurement computer at intervals during the period over which access to the lift cage (3) and that the respective last effective useful load is, for determination of a start torque, passed on to the lift drive (8) by means of a lift control (20) or a move-off command is blocked by means of the lift control (20) if an overload is detected.

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