EP1985388A1 - High pressure-resistant metal bellow and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

High pressure-resistant metal bellow and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1985388A1
EP1985388A1 EP08014063A EP08014063A EP1985388A1 EP 1985388 A1 EP1985388 A1 EP 1985388A1 EP 08014063 A EP08014063 A EP 08014063A EP 08014063 A EP08014063 A EP 08014063A EP 1985388 A1 EP1985388 A1 EP 1985388A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal bellows
profile
corrugations
pressure
strength
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Granted
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EP08014063A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1985388B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Glas
Alexander Greif
Andreas Dr. Kämpfe
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Witzenmann GmbH
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Witzenmann GmbH
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Priority to EP08014063A priority Critical patent/EP1985388B1/en
Priority to AT08014063T priority patent/ATE461764T1/en
Priority to DE502008000464T priority patent/DE502008000464D1/en
Publication of EP1985388A1 publication Critical patent/EP1985388A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D15/00—Corrugating tubes
    • B21D15/04—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically
    • B21D15/06—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically annularly
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D15/00—Corrugating tubes
    • B21D15/04—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically
    • B21D15/10—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically by applying fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure-resistant metal bellows with annular corrugation and a method for producing such.
  • a piece of pipe made of a metallic material by means of internal pressure forming in a ring-corrugated metal bellows is formed.
  • the internal pressure forming is usually carried out by introducing a liquid into the pipe section under pressure, so that the pipe section bulges. This is done in a die, which prevents bulging of the pipe section at periodic intervals, so that a Vorwelle arises. By axially moving together the die results in the desired corrugation and a bellows is produced.
  • the bellows shafts can be manufactured one after the other in a single tool or simultaneously in a multiple tool.
  • Bellows for higher operating pressures are characterized by comparatively low profile heights, with bellows according to the prior art, the wave height is always greater than the wavelength in order to allow a subsequent compression of the bellows and thereby achieve a small overall length and a low spring rate.
  • metal bellows should preferably be produced by means of internal pressure forming.
  • high-pressure valves in particular injectors for fuels of all kinds, which, for example, in the EP-A-1 046 809 is described.
  • injectors for fuels of all kinds which, for example, in the EP-A-1 046 809 is described.
  • the metal bellows used should endure pulsating pressures up to 850 bar; for diesel injector applications, compressive strength should be sufficient even for pulsating pressures of 1400 bar and above.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a metal bellows and a method for producing such by means of internal pressure forming to improve so that a high-pressure-resistant metal bellows is formed or present.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the finding that by using a bellows material with at least two metastable material states, the achievable pressure resistance of the metal bellows can be decoupled from the required forming pressure during production of the metal bellows. Because of the two metastable material states, one is a ductile material state and a second is a high-strength material state, the internal pressure forming for producing the metal bellows in the ductile material state can take place, which requires comparatively low forming pressures, while the metal bellows can be converted after the forming in its high-strength material state in which the use of the metal bellows takes place.
  • metal bellows When the material is converted to its high-strength state, the compressive strength of the metal bellows increases as the yield strength of the material increases during the transition from the ductile state to the solid state of the material. In this way, it is possible to use metal bellows in high-pressure valves, these metal bellows static pressures above 750 bar withstand. In fuel injection valves, for example, a needle seal can be carried out with metal bellows which endure durable pressure pulses of 850 bar (gasoline) or 1400 bar (diesel) and above. High-pressure valves in the chemical industry for filling hydrogen or steam valves for energy systems, etc. are also suitable for the use of the high-pressure-resistant metal bellows according to the invention.
  • the metal bellows metallic materials can be used, which preferably have a kfz crystal lattice in the ductile state.
  • the high strength state is preferably achieved by precipitation hardening.
  • materials Manual of German Aviation Part 1 Metallic Materials published by DIN - German Institute for Standardization - Aerospace Standards Institute, Beuth Verlag GmbH, 1991 edition described material 1.4564 and the methods listed to achieve the hardness states RH 950 or TZH 1050 mentioned.
  • metallic materials which, in the ductile state, have a krz lattice and are hardened martensitic.
  • corrugations are generated during forming which have a non-undercut profile in the radial direction, in particular a U-shaped or sinusoidal profile.
  • a metal bellows with such a non-undercut corrugation already has a higher compressive strength than the conventional metal bellows with S-shaped or ⁇ -shaped waves due to its geometrical conditions, because the shaft geometry prevents the corrugations from being radially compressed - the metal bellows acts as in the case of just mentioned flat profile longer resistance to radial collapse under pressure.
  • the metal bellows can be produced in multiple layers.
  • the multiple layers are expediently each made of a material having a ductile and a high-strength material state.
  • materials according to the DIN standards 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 or AM 350 according to ASTM in question for example, materials according to the DIN standards 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 or AM 350 according to ASTM in question.
  • the profile of the corrugations on the inner rim at least a larger radius of curvature than at the outer rim, ie it may be a constant larger radius of curvature, but also to a plurality of radii of curvature, the steady merge into each other, such as in an elliptical shape.
  • the radius of curvature can in this context also go against infinity, ie the inner brims of the corrugations may additionally or alternatively be provided with cylindrical sections.
  • Such shaft geometries relieve those die parts of the forming tool in internal pressure forming that produce the inner rims by preventing bulging.
  • the surface pressure is reduced to these die parts. This can be converted in the bellows production with higher internal pressures, which allows the use of a metallic material that has a relatively high compressive strength even in its ductile state, or it can be converted from several layers of metallic materials into a multilayer metal bellows, which in turn about n times higher pressure resistance than a single-layer metal bellows.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a schematic, sectioned partial representation of an inventively designed metal bellows 1 with - here - three corrugations 2 with êtkrempen 3 and outer rim 4.
  • the corrugations 2 are sinusoidal and thus not undercut in the radial direction.
  • the profile of the corrugations 2 is designed such that a height h of a shaft in the radial direction, ie the distance between the radially highest point of the outer rim of the shaft and the two radially lowest points of the two adjacent inner rim, is smaller than a width d of these Shaft in the axial direction, that is, the axial distance between the two lowest points of the two adjacent inner rim of the corresponding shaft.
  • the wave height of the corrugations 2 is smaller than their wavelength.
  • the selected geometry of the corrugations 2 leads to a high geometric compressive strength, which is combined by the inventive choice of the metallic material and the inventive curing of the same after forming the metal bellows 1.
  • a dynamic compressive strength greater than 500 bar can be achieved, while the same material in its ductile state at the currently achievable maximum flow limits of about 1200 MPa is sufficiently strong hydraulically deformable.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a corresponding representation another metal bellows 1, which is provided with U-shaped corrugations 2 and thus also in the radial direction has no undercuts.
  • FIG. 3 shows - again in a schematic sectional partial representation - further embodiments of a metal bellows 1, wherein the inner rim 3 shown on the left is formed as a cylindrical portion Z, while the inner rim shown on the right 3 has a relation to the outer rim 4 greatly enlarged radius of curvature R.
  • FIG. 4 Finally, in a corresponding representation, a metal bellows 1 according to the prior art with undercut in the radial direction corrugations 2.
  • the corrugations 2 have a conventional ⁇ -shaped profile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves shaping a pipe from a metallic material into a high pressure-resistant metal bellow (1) by an internal pressure shaping process. A material with two meta-stable material conditions is utilized in the form of the metallic material. The two conditions are ductile material condition and high-strength material condition with increased yield strength. The shaping of the pipe into the metal bellow is performed in the ductile material condition, and the material of the metal bellow is transferred into a high-strength material condition after the shaping process.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen hochdruckfesten Metallbalg mit ringförmiger Wellung sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein Rohrstück aus einem metallischen Werkstoff mittels Innendruckumformung in einen ringgewellten Metallbalg umgeformt.The invention relates to a high-pressure-resistant metal bellows with annular corrugation and a method for producing such. In this method, a piece of pipe made of a metallic material by means of internal pressure forming in a ring-corrugated metal bellows is formed.

Das Innendruckumformen erfolgt in der Regel durch Einleiten einer Flüssigkeit in das Rohrstück unter Druck, so dass sich das Rohrstück ausbaucht. Dies wird in einer Matrize vorgenommen, die in periodischen Abständen ein Ausbauchen des Rohrstücks verhindert, so dass eine Vorwelle entsteht. Durch axiales Zusammenfahren der Matrize ergibt sich die erwünschte Wellung und es wird ein Balg hergestellt. Hierbei können die Balgwellen nacheinander in einem Einfachwerkzeug oder gleichzeitig in einem Mehrfachwerkzeug gefertigt werden.The internal pressure forming is usually carried out by introducing a liquid into the pipe section under pressure, so that the pipe section bulges. This is done in a die, which prevents bulging of the pipe section at periodic intervals, so that a Vorwelle arises. By axially moving together the die results in the desired corrugation and a bellows is produced. Here, the bellows shafts can be manufactured one after the other in a single tool or simultaneously in a multiple tool.

Bälge für höhere Einsatzdrücke zeichnen sich dabei durch vergleichsweise geringe Profilhöhen aus, wobei bei Bälgen nach dem Stand der Technik die Wellenhöhe stets größer als die Wellenlänge ist, um ein nachträgliches Stauchen des Balges zu ermöglichen und dadurch eine geringe Baulänge und eine niedrige Federrate zu erreichen.Bellows for higher operating pressures are characterized by comparatively low profile heights, with bellows according to the prior art, the wave height is always greater than the wavelength in order to allow a subsequent compression of the bellows and thereby achieve a small overall length and a low spring rate.

Das Herstellen eines Balgs durch Innendruckumformen konnte bislang allerdings nicht zu einem tatsächlich hochdruckfesten Metallbalg führen. Denn beim Innendruckumformen muss der Umformdruck so groß sein, dass sich der Werkstoff plastisch verformt. Eine beginnende plastische Verformung des Werkstoffs ist andererseits jedoch das für die Druckfestigkeit des Metallbalgs relevante Versagenskriterium. Dies bedeutet, dass der Umformdruck zum Herstellen eines Metallbalgs um so größer sein muss, um so höher die Druckfestigkeit des Metallbalgs sein wird. Der Umformdruck kann allerdings nicht beliebig erhöht werden, da die hieraus resultierenden Kräfte von der Umformmaschine aufgenommen werden müssen. Besonders kritisch sind hierbei die Zuhaltekräfte. Im Ergebnis konnten bislang durch mit Innendruckumformung hergestellten Metallbälgen Betriebsdrücke von 750 bar (statisch) bzw. 300 bar (dauerfest dynamisch) nicht überschritten werden.However, the production of a bellows by internal pressure forming could not lead to an actually high pressure-resistant metal bellows. For in internal pressure forming, the forming pressure must be so great that the material deforms plastically. On the other hand, an incipient plastic deformation of the material is relevant to the compressive strength of the metal bellows Failure criterion. This means that the forming pressure for producing a metal bellows must be greater, the higher the pressure resistance of the metal bellows. However, the forming pressure can not be increased arbitrarily, since the resulting forces must be absorbed by the forming machine. Particularly critical here are the locking forces. As a result, operating pressures of 750 bar (static) or 300 bar (fatigue-proof dynamic) could not be exceeded by metal bellows produced with internal pressure forming.

Es gibt nun jedoch eine ganze Reihe von Anwendungen im Hochdruckbereich jenseits dieser Grenzen, in denen Metallbälge große Vorteile bieten können, wobei diese Metallbälge vorzugsweise mittels Innendruckumformen hergestellt werden sollen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist hierbei der Einsatz in Hochdruckventilen, insbesondere Einspritzventilen für Kraftstoffe aller Art, was beispielsweise in der EP-A-1 046 809 beschrieben ist. Für den Einsatz in Benzininjektoren für Kraftfahrzeugmotoren sollte der verwendete Metallbalg pulsierende Drücke bis 850 bar dauerfest ertragen; für Anwendungen in Dieselinjektoren sollte die Druckfestigkeit sogar für pulsierende Drücke von 1400 bar und darüber ausreichen.However, there are now a whole range of applications in the high pressure area beyond these limits, in which metal bellows can offer great advantages, these metal bellows should preferably be produced by means of internal pressure forming. Particularly noteworthy here is the use in high-pressure valves, in particular injectors for fuels of all kinds, which, for example, in the EP-A-1 046 809 is described. For use in gasoline injectors for motor vehicle engines, the metal bellows used should endure pulsating pressures up to 850 bar; for diesel injector applications, compressive strength should be sufficient even for pulsating pressures of 1400 bar and above.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Metallbalg und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen mittels Innendruckumformen so zu verbessern, dass ein hochdruckfester Metallbalg entsteht bzw. vorliegt.The present invention is therefore based on the object, a metal bellows and a method for producing such by means of internal pressure forming to improve so that a high-pressure-resistant metal bellows is formed or present.

Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch einen Metallbalg mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens finden sich in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 5; vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Metallbalgs sind in den Ansprüchen 7 bis 17 niedergelegt.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by a metal bellows with the features of claim 6. Preferred developments of the method can be found in claims 2 to 5; advantageous developments of the metal bellows according to the invention are set forth in claims 7 to 17.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht also auf der Erkenntnis, dass durch die Verwendung eines Balgwerkstoffs mit mindestens zwei metastabilen Werkstoffzuständen die erzielbare Druckfestigkeit des Metallbalgs vom benötigten Umformdruck beim Herstellen des Metallbalgs entkoppelt werden kann. Denn wenn von den zwei metastabilen Werkstoffzuständen einer ein duktiler Werkstoffzustand und ein zweiter ein hochfester Werkstoffzustand ist, kann das Innendruckumformen zur Herstellung des Metallbalgs im duktilen Werkstoffzustand erfolgen, was vergleichsweise niedrige Umformdrücke erfordert, während der Metallbalg nach dem Umformen in seinen hochfesten Werkstoffzustand überführt werden kann, in welchem der Einsatz des Metallbalgs erfolgt. Beim Überführen des Werkstoffs in seinen hochfesten Zustand wächst die Druckfestigkeit des Metallbalgs in dem Maß, in dem sich die Streckgrenze des Werkstoffs beim Übergang vom duktilen in den festen Werkstoffzustand erhöht. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, Metallbälge in Hochdruckventilen zu verwenden, wobei diese Metallbälge statischen Drücken über 750 bar Stand halten. In Einspritzventilen für Kraftstoffe kann z.B. eine Nadelabdichtung mit Metallbälgen erfolgen, die dauerfest Druckpulse von 850 bar (Benzin) bzw. 1400 bar (Diesel) und darüber ertragen. Auch Hochdruckventile in der chemischen Industrie zum Abfüllen von Wasserstoff oder Dampfventile für Energieanlagen usw. bieten sich für die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen hochdruckfesten Metallbälge an.The present invention is therefore based on the finding that by using a bellows material with at least two metastable material states, the achievable pressure resistance of the metal bellows can be decoupled from the required forming pressure during production of the metal bellows. Because of the two metastable material states, one is a ductile material state and a second is a high-strength material state, the internal pressure forming for producing the metal bellows in the ductile material state can take place, which requires comparatively low forming pressures, while the metal bellows can be converted after the forming in its high-strength material state in which the use of the metal bellows takes place. When the material is converted to its high-strength state, the compressive strength of the metal bellows increases as the yield strength of the material increases during the transition from the ductile state to the solid state of the material. In this way, it is possible to use metal bellows in high-pressure valves, these metal bellows static pressures above 750 bar withstand. In fuel injection valves, for example, a needle seal can be carried out with metal bellows which endure durable pressure pulses of 850 bar (gasoline) or 1400 bar (diesel) and above. High-pressure valves in the chemical industry for filling hydrogen or steam valves for energy systems, etc. are also suitable for the use of the high-pressure-resistant metal bellows according to the invention.

Zur Herstellung des Metallbalgs können metallische Werkstoffe verwendet werden, die vorzugsweisen im duktilen Zustand ein kfz-Kristallgitter aufweisen. Der hochfeste Zustand wird vorzugsweise durch Ausscheidungshärtung erreicht. Als Beispiel seien hier der im " Werkstoff-Handbuch der Deutschen Luftfahrt Teil 1 Metallische Werkstoffe", Herausgeber DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. - Normenstelle Luftfahrt, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Ausgabe 1991 beschriebene Werkstoff 1.4564 und die dazu aufgeführten Verfahren zum Erreichen der Härtezustände RH 950 oder TZH 1050 genannt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können aber auch metallische Werkstoffe verwendet werden, die im duktilen Zustand ein krz-Gitter aufweisen und martensitisch gehärtet werden.For the production of the metal bellows metallic materials can be used, which preferably have a kfz crystal lattice in the ductile state. The high strength state is preferably achieved by precipitation hardening. As an example, here are the " Materials Manual of German Aviation Part 1 Metallic Materials ", published by DIN - German Institute for Standardization - Aerospace Standards Institute, Beuth Verlag GmbH, 1991 edition described material 1.4564 and the methods listed to achieve the hardness states RH 950 or TZH 1050 mentioned. In the context of the present invention, however, it is also possible to use metallic materials which, in the ductile state, have a krz lattice and are hardened martensitic.

Ganz besondere Vorteile ergeben sich im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn beim Umformen des Rohrstücks in den ringgewellten Metallbalg Wellungen erzeugt werden, die ein Profil aufweisen, bei dem die Höhe einer Welle in Radialrichtung nicht größer ist als die Breite dieser Welle in Axialrichtung. Bei periodischen Wellungen ist dann also die Wellenhöhe kleiner als oder höchstens gleich groß wie die Wellenlänge. Wellungen mit solchen Profilen sind nicht gleichmäßig stauchbar, was im Stand der Technik als eher nachteilig empfunden wurde. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein ungestauchtes Profil jedoch von besonderem Vorteil.Very particular advantages are within the scope of the invention, when corrugations are generated during the forming of the pipe section in the ring-corrugated metal bellows having a profile in which the height of a shaft in the radial direction is not greater than the width of this shaft in the axial direction. With periodic corrugations, the wave height is then smaller than or at most equal to the wavelength. Corrugations with such profiles are not Evenly compressible, which was perceived in the prior art as rather disadvantageous. In the context of the present invention, however, an untwisted profile is of particular advantage.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich auch Vorteile, wenn beim Umformen Wellungen erzeugt werden die ein in Radialrichtung nicht-hinterschnittenes Profil aufweisen, insbesondere ein U-förmiges oder sinusförmiges Profil. Ein Metallbalg mit einer solchen nicht-hinterschnittenen Wellung weist gegenüber den herkömmlichen Metallbälgen mit S-förmigen oder Ω-förmige Wellen schon aufgrund seiner geometrischen Gegebenheiten eine höhere Druckfestigkeit auf, denn die Wellengeometrie verhindert, dass die Wellen radial zusammengedrückt werden - der Metallbalg leistet wie beim eben erwähnten flachen Profil länger Widerstand gegen ein radiales Kollabieren unter Druckbeaufschlagung.In the context of the present invention, there are also advantages when corrugations are generated during forming which have a non-undercut profile in the radial direction, in particular a U-shaped or sinusoidal profile. A metal bellows with such a non-undercut corrugation already has a higher compressive strength than the conventional metal bellows with S-shaped or Ω-shaped waves due to its geometrical conditions, because the shaft geometry prevents the corrugations from being radially compressed - the metal bellows acts as in the case of just mentioned flat profile longer resistance to radial collapse under pressure.

Durch eine Kombination von einerseits einer Überführung eines Metallbalgs aus seinem duktilen Werkstoffzustand in seinen hochfesten Werkstoffzustand mit andererseits einer nicht-hinterschnittenen Wellung und einem Profil, dessen Wellenhöhe kleiner als die Wellenlänge ist, ist es in Versuchen gelungen, Metallbälge mit einer vierfach höheren Druckfestigkeit herzustellen, als dies bislang nach dem Stand der Technik möglich war.By a combination of on the one hand a transfer of a metal bellows from its ductile material state in its high-strength material state with on the other hand a non-undercut corrugation and a profile whose wave height is smaller than the wavelength, it has succeeded in attempts to produce metal bellows with a four times higher compressive strength, as was previously possible according to the prior art.

Um die Druckfestigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Metallbalgs weiter zu erhöhen, kann der Metallbalg mehrlagig hergestellt werden. Hierbei sind die mehreren Lagen zweckmäßigerweise jeweils aus einem Werkstoff hergestellt, der einen duktilen und einen hochfesten Werkstoffzustand aufweist. Hierfür kommen beispielsweise Werkstoffe nach den DIN-Normen 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 oder AM 350 nach ASTM in Frage.In order to further increase the compressive strength of the metal bellows according to the invention, the metal bellows can be produced in multiple layers. Here, the multiple layers are expediently each made of a material having a ductile and a high-strength material state. For this purpose, for example, materials according to the DIN standards 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 or AM 350 according to ASTM in question.

Andere vorteilhafte Wellengeometrien bestehen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, dass das Profil der Wellungen an den Innenkrempen mindestens einen größeren Krümmungsradius aufweist als an den Außenkrempen, d.h. es kann sich um einen konstanten größeren Krümmungsradius handeln, jedoch auch um eine Vielzahl von Krümmungsradien, die stetig ineinander übergehen, wie beispielsweise in einer elliptischen Form. Der Krümmungsradius kann in diesem Zusammenhang auch gegen unendlich gehen, d.h. die Innenkrempen der Wellungen können zusätzlich oder alternativ auch mit zylindrischen Abschnitten versehen sein. Solche Wellengeometrien entlasten diejenigen Matrizenteile des Umformwerkzeugs beim Innendruckumformen, die durch Verhindern einer Ausbauchung die Innenkrempen herstellen. Denn durch den vergrößerten Krümmungsradius bzw. durch die zylindrischen Abschnitte der Innenkrempen verringert sich die Flächenpressung auf diese Matrizenteile. Hierdurch kann bei der Balgherstellung mit höheren Innendrücken umgeformt werden, was die Verwendung eines metallischen Werkstoffs ermöglicht, der schon in seinem duktilen Zustand eine relativ hohe Druckfestigkeit aufweist, oder aber es können mehrere Lagen von metallischen Werkstoffen zu einem mehrlagigen Metallbalg umgeformt werden, der wiederum eine etwa n-fach höhere Druckfestigkeit aufweist, als ein einlagiger Metallbalg.Other advantageous wave geometries exist in the context of the present invention is that the profile of the corrugations on the inner rim at least a larger radius of curvature than at the outer rim, ie it may be a constant larger radius of curvature, but also to a plurality of radii of curvature, the steady merge into each other, such as in an elliptical shape. The radius of curvature can in this context also go against infinity, ie the inner brims of the corrugations may additionally or alternatively be provided with cylindrical sections. Such shaft geometries relieve those die parts of the forming tool in internal pressure forming that produce the inner rims by preventing bulging. Because of the increased radius of curvature or by the cylindrical portions of the inner brims, the surface pressure is reduced to these die parts. This can be converted in the bellows production with higher internal pressures, which allows the use of a metallic material that has a relatively high compressive strength even in its ductile state, or it can be converted from several layers of metallic materials into a multilayer metal bellows, which in turn about n times higher pressure resistance than a single-layer metal bellows.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Metallbalgs sind in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt und nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Metallbalg mit sinusförmigem Profil in schematischer Schnittdarstellung;
Figur 2
einen Metallbalg mit U-förmigem Profil in schematischer Schnittdarstellung;
Figur 3
einen Metallbalg mit vergrößerten Radien bzw. Zylinderabschnitten an der Innenkrempe in schematischer Schnittdarstellung;
Figur 4
einen Metallbalg nach dem Stand der Technik in schematischer Schnittdarstellung.
Several embodiments of a metal bellows according to the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. Show it:
FIG. 1
a metal bellows with sinusoidal profile in a schematic sectional view;
FIG. 2
a metal bellows with U-shaped profile in a schematic sectional view;
FIG. 3
a metal bellows with enlarged radii or cylinder sections on the inner rim in a schematic sectional view;
FIG. 4
a metal bellows according to the prior art in a schematic sectional view.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen, geschnittenen Teildarstellung einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Metallbalg 1 mit - hier - drei Wellungen 2 mit Innenkrempen 3 und Außenkrempen 4. Die Wellungen 2 sind sinusförmig ausgebildet und somit in Radialrichtung nicht hinterschnitten. Des Weiteren ist das Profil der Wellungen 2 so ausgestaltet, dass eine Höhe h einer Welle in Radialrichtung, also der Abstand zwischen dem radial höchsten Punkt der Außenkrempe der Welle und den beiden radial tiefsten Punkten der beiden benachbarten Innenkrempen, kleiner ist als eine Breite d dieser Welle in Axialrichtung, also der axiale Abstand zwischen den beiden tiefsten Punkten der beiden benachbarten Innenkrempen der entsprechenden Welle. Da das Profil der Wellungen 2 vorliegend periodisch ausgebildet ist, ist hier also die Wellenhöhe der Wellungen 2 kleiner ausgebildet als deren Wellenlänge. Die gewählte Geometrie der Wellungen 2 führt zu einer hohen geometrischen Druckfestigkeit, die durch die erfindungsgemäße Wahl des metallischen Werkstoffs und das erfindungsgemäße Aushärten desselben nach dem Umformen des Metallbalgs 1 kombiniert ist. Durch diese Kombination des flachen Profils mit einem hochfesten Werkstoff kann eine dynamische Druckfestigkeit größer 500 bar erreicht werden, während derselbe Werkstoff in seinem duktilen Zustand bei den derzeit maximal erreichbaren Fließgrenzen von ca 1200 MPa hinreichend stark hydraulisch umformbar ist. FIG. 1 shows in a schematic, sectioned partial representation of an inventively designed metal bellows 1 with - here - three corrugations 2 with Innenkrempen 3 and outer rim 4. The corrugations 2 are sinusoidal and thus not undercut in the radial direction. Furthermore, the profile of the corrugations 2 is designed such that a height h of a shaft in the radial direction, ie the distance between the radially highest point of the outer rim of the shaft and the two radially lowest points of the two adjacent inner rim, is smaller than a width d of these Shaft in the axial direction, that is, the axial distance between the two lowest points of the two adjacent inner rim of the corresponding shaft. Since the profile of the corrugations 2 is periodically formed in the present case, in this case the wave height of the corrugations 2 is smaller than their wavelength. The selected geometry of the corrugations 2 leads to a high geometric compressive strength, which is combined by the inventive choice of the metallic material and the inventive curing of the same after forming the metal bellows 1. Through this combination of the flat profile with a high-strength material, a dynamic compressive strength greater than 500 bar can be achieved, while the same material in its ductile state at the currently achievable maximum flow limits of about 1200 MPa is sufficiently strong hydraulically deformable.

Figur 2 zeigt in einer entsprechenden Darstellung einen anderen Metallbalg 1, der mit U-förmigen Wellungen 2 versehen ist und somit ebenfalls in Radialrichtung keine Hinterschneidungen aufweist. FIG. 2 shows in a corresponding representation another metal bellows 1, which is provided with U-shaped corrugations 2 and thus also in the radial direction has no undercuts.

Figur 3 zeigt - wiederum in einer schematischen geschnittenen Teildarstellung - weitere Ausführungsbeispiele für einen Metallbalg 1, wobei die links dargestellte Innenkrempe 3 als zylindrischer Abschnitt Z ausgebildet ist, während die rechts dargestellte Innenkrempe 3 einen gegenüber den Außenkrempen 4 stark vergrößerten Krümmungsradius R aufweist. FIG. 3 shows - again in a schematic sectional partial representation - further embodiments of a metal bellows 1, wherein the inner rim 3 shown on the left is formed as a cylindrical portion Z, while the inner rim shown on the right 3 has a relation to the outer rim 4 greatly enlarged radius of curvature R.

Figur 4 zeigt schließlich in einer wiederum entsprechenden Darstellung einen Metallbalg 1 nach dem Stand der Technik mit in Radialrichtung hinterschnittenen Wellungen 2. Die Wellungen 2 weisen ein herkömmliches Ω-förmiges Profil auf. FIG. 4 Finally, in a corresponding representation, a metal bellows 1 according to the prior art with undercut in the radial direction corrugations 2. The corrugations 2 have a conventional Ω-shaped profile.

Claims (17)

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hochdruckfesten Metallbalgs, wobei ein Rohrstück aus einem metallischen Werkstoff mittels Innendruckumformung in einen ringgewellten Metallbalg (1) umgeformt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als metallischer Werkstoff ein Werkstoff mit mindestens zwei metastabilen Werkstoffzuständen verwendet wird, von denen einer ein duktiler und einer ein hochfester Werkstoffzustand mit erhöhter Streckgrenze ist, dass das Umformen des Rohrstücks in den Metallbalg (1) im duktilen Werkstoffzustand erfolgt, und
dass der Werkstoff des Metallbalgs (1) nach dem Umformen in seinen hochfesten Werkstoffzustand überführt wird.Method for producing a high-pressure-resistant metal bellows, wherein a pipe section made of a metallic material is converted by means of internal pressure deformation into a ring-corrugated metal bellows (1),
characterized,
that a material with at least two metastable material states is used as the metallic material, one of which is a ductile and a high-strength material state with increased yield strength, that the forming of the pipe section takes place in the metal bellows (1) in the ductile material state, and
that the material of the metal bellows (1) is transferred after forming in its high-strength material state. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass beim Umformen des Rohrstücks in den ringgewellten Metallbalg (1) Wellungen (2) mit einem Profil erzeugt werden, bei dem die Höhe (h) einer Welle in Radialrichtung kleiner als die oder gleich der Breite (d) dieser Welle in Axialrichtung ist.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that corrugations (2) are produced with a profile during the forming of the pipe section into the ring-corrugated metal bellows (1), in which the height (h) of a shaft in the radial direction is less than or equal to the width (d) of this shaft in the axial direction. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass beim Umformen des Rohrstücks in den ringgewellten Metallbalg (1) Wellungen (2) erzeugt werden, die ein in Radialrichtung nicht-hinterschnittenes Profil, insbesondere ein U-förmiges oder sinusförmiges Profil, aufweisen.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that corrugations (2) which have a profile which is not undercut in the radial direction, in particular a U-shaped or sinusoidal profile, are produced during the forming of the pipe section into the ring-corrugated metal bellows (1). Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass ein mehrlagiges Rohrstück in den ringgewellten Metallbalg (1) umgeformt wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that a multi-layer pipe piece is formed in the ring-corrugated metal bellows (1). Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass ein Werkstoff nach den DIN-Normen 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 oder AM 350 nach ASTM verwendet wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that a material according to the DIN standards 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 or AM 350 according to ASTM is used. Hochdruckfester Metallbalg mit ringförmiger Wellung (2),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Metallbalg (1) aus einem metallischen Werkstoff mit mindestens zwei metastabilen Werkstoffzuständen besteht, von denen einer ein duktiler und einer ein hochfester Werkstoffzustand mit erhöhter Streckgrenze ist.High-pressure-resistant metal bellows with annular corrugation (2),
characterized,
in that the metal bellows (1) consists of a metallic material with at least two metastable material states, of which one is a ductile and one a high-strength material state with increased yield strength. Metallbalg nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der metallische Werkstoff in seinem hochfesten Werkstoffzustand martensitische oder gemischt austenitisch/martensitische Eigenschaften aufweist.Metal bellows according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the metallic material in its high-strength material state has martensitic or mixed austenitic / martensitic properties. Metallbalg nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der metallische Werkstoff in seinem duktilen Werkstoffzustand ein kubisch-raumzentriertes oder kubisch-flächenzentriertes Metallgitter aufweist.Metal bellows according to one of claims 6 or 7,
characterized,
that the metallic material having a body-centered cubic or face-centered cubic metal lattice in its ductile material state. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Wellungen (2) ein Profil aufweisen, bei dem die Höhe (h) einer Welle in Radialrichtung kleiner als die oder gleich der Breite (d) dieser Welle in Axialrichtung ist.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized,
that the corrugations (2) have a profile in which the height (h) of a shaft in the radial direction is less than or equal to the width (d) of this shaft in the axial direction. Metallblag nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Wellungen (2) ein in Radialrichtung nicht-hinterschnittenes Profil, insbesondere ein sinusförmiges oder U-förmiges Profil aufweisen.Metal sheet according to at least one of claims 6 to 9,
characterized,
that the corrugations (2) have a non-undercut in radial direction profile, in particular a sinusoidal or U-shaped profile. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Profil der Wellungen (2) an ihren Innenkrempen (3) mindestens einen größeren Krümmungsradius (R) aufweist als an ihren Außenkrempen (4).Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 10,
characterized,
that the profile of the corrugations (2) at their inner rims (3) at least one greater radius of curvature (R) than at their outer rims (4). Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Innenkrempen (3) der Wellungen (2) mit zylindrischen Abschnitten (Z) versehen sind.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 11,
characterized,
in that the inner rims (3) of the corrugations (2) are provided with cylindrical sections (Z). Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er mehrlagig ausgebildet ist.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 12,
characterized,
that he is trained in several layers. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er aus einem Werkstoff nach den DIN-Normen 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 oder AM 350 nach ASTM besteht.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 13,
characterized,
that it consists of a material according to the DIN standards 1.4564, 1.4568, 2.4668 or AM 350 according to ASTM. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er in einem Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 hergestellt worden ist.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 14,
characterized,
that it has been produced in a process according to at least one of claims 1 to 5. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er für eine statische Druckbelastung von mindestens 750 bar und/oder für eine dynamische Druckbelastung von mindestens 400 bar ausgelegt ist.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 15,
characterized,
that it is designed for a static pressure load of at least 750 bar and / or for a dynamic pressure load of at least 400 bar. Metallbalg nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er zur Verwendung in Hochdruckventilen mit Druckpulsen über 400 bar, insbesondere in Einspritzventilen für Kraftstoffe, vorgesehen ist.Metal bellows according to at least one of claims 6 to 16,
characterized,
it is intended for use in high-pressure valves with pressure pulses above 400 bar, in particular in fuel injection valves.
EP08014063A 2008-08-06 2008-08-06 High pressure-resistant metal bellow and method for manufacturing the same Not-in-force EP1985388B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08014063A EP1985388B1 (en) 2008-08-06 2008-08-06 High pressure-resistant metal bellow and method for manufacturing the same
AT08014063T ATE461764T1 (en) 2008-08-06 2008-08-06 HIGH PRESSURE RESISTANT METAL BELLOWS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
DE502008000464T DE502008000464D1 (en) 2008-08-06 2008-08-06 High-pressure-resistant metal bellows and method for producing such

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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EP1985388B1 EP1985388B1 (en) 2010-03-24

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ATE461764T1 (en) 2010-04-15
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