EP1982347A1 - Dispositif de couplage entre une antenne a plasma et un generateur de signal de puissance - Google Patents
Dispositif de couplage entre une antenne a plasma et un generateur de signal de puissanceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1982347A1 EP1982347A1 EP07712164A EP07712164A EP1982347A1 EP 1982347 A1 EP1982347 A1 EP 1982347A1 EP 07712164 A EP07712164 A EP 07712164A EP 07712164 A EP07712164 A EP 07712164A EP 1982347 A1 EP1982347 A1 EP 1982347A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- laser
- plasma
- antenna
- power signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coupling device between a plasma antenna and a power signal generator, and to a method of using a plasma antenna comprising such a coupling device.
- plasma antennas for example according to US Pat. No. 3,404,403.
- This patent describes a plasma antenna comprising a pulsed laser source, means for focusing the antenna. laser beam at different points for ionizing a column of air and means for coupling a signal at the base of the ionized air column, said column acting as a radiating element for transmitting and / or receiving a radio signal.
- Plasma antennas are also known from US Pat. No. 6,087,993 and French Patent No. 2,863,782.
- the object is to make the antenna movable and to reduce the length of the air column.
- a femtosecond laser is used to generate a filament in the ionized air column.
- the plasma antennas described in these documents and operating by air ionization are stealthy and require no infrastructure, unlike conventional antennas.
- the coupling between the plasma column and the electric power generator that generates the signal to be transmitted is not optimized.
- the above-mentioned French patent discloses a capacitive (of the order of a few pF) or inductive coupling device whose impedance is very low, which significantly degrades the power transfer between the electric generator and the antenna.
- the subject of the present invention is a coupling device between a plasma column acting as an antenna and a power signal generator, which device allows a very good power transfer between the electric generator and the plasma column when the latter is formed.
- the present invention also relates to an antenna using such a device, antenna can operate at very low frequencies.
- the present invention relates to a method of forming a plasma column to form an antenna.
- the coupling device is associated with at least one laser and it is characterized in that it comprises at least two conductive electrodes each pierced by a hole, these holes being coaxial, the electrodes being connected to one another. part of a continuous high voltage source and secondly to a power signal generator, the laser (s) being arranged (s) so that its (their) beam arrives along the axis of said holes of the electrodes.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a device according to the invention for the creation of a plasma antenna
- FIGS. 2 to 6 are simplified diagrams of the device of FIG. 1 showing the different successive phases of a example of implementation of the invention for the creation of a plasma antenna
- FIG. 7 is a simplified chronogram illustrating the phases of implementation of FIGS. 2 to 6,
- FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram of a variant of the device of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a variant of the method of the invention, with two laser shots.
- the present invention is described below with reference to the creation of an ionized air column, and it is understood that the ionization of this column can be reduced to a filament ionization at the axis of symmetry, as described in the above-mentioned French patent, when a femtosecond laser is used.
- the preferred embodiment of the device of the invention as described below, comprises two electrodes pierced with coaxial holes, but the device of the invention may comprise a number more high electrodes.
- the device described below is shown in a position oriented so that the plasma column that it can create is vertical, but it is understood that this device can have any other orientation, so that the antenna for example horizontal.
- the plasma antenna obtained according to the invention is described here as an emission antenna, but it is understood that it can also be used in reception, provided, of course, to keep the low generator connected or connected. very low frequency described below.
- the device shown in figural comprises two metal plates 1, 2 forming electrodes and each pierced with a hole 3, 4 respectively, the two holes being coaxial, their common axis being referenced 5.
- the shape of these electrodes is not critical. They may for example be circular or polygonal.
- the holes 3 and 4 are preferably drilled in the center of these electrodes.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are connected on the one hand via ballast resistors 6, 7 respectively to a high voltage source 8, a resistor 9 being connected between the two electrodes, at their junction with the resistors 6 and 7. the following figures, this resistance 9 is not shown, but it is understood that it may be present.
- the positive pole of the source 8 is preferably connected to the electrode 2 (in particular when these electrodes are arranged horizontally and at a short distance from the ground).
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are connected via continuous insulation capacitors 10, 11 respectively and a line 12, preferably coaxial, to a transmitter of low or very low frequency power and high peak voltage 13, which may be near or far from the electrodes 1, 2 of the antenna.
- the shield of line 12 is grounded.
- the distance D between the electrodes 1 and 2 is a function of the value of the high voltage of the source 8. In general, this distance D must be greater than the breakdown distance between the electrodes in the environment in the absence of plasma column, and be smaller than the breakdown distance between the electrodes in the presence of the plasma column.
- a priming laser 14 is disposed under the electrode 1, so that the axis of the beam that it produces coincides with the axis 5 at least just before reaching the electrode 1.
- a mirror is provided which returns its output beam along the axis 5.
- a semi-transparent mirror on the axis 5 if the we want to use two lasers. Two lasers can be used for example by dedicating one to shots and the other to the maintenance of the ionized column forming antenna.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are circular and have a diameter of a few tens of cm to a few meters, their mutual distance D is about 50 cm to 1 m, the diameter of the holes 3 and 5 is about 1 cm.
- the voltage of the source 8 is about 10 to 20 kV, and the power supplied by the transmitter 13 can be between a few hundred Watts and a few MW. The average power it delivers must be sufficient to maintain the plasma generated by the high voltage source 8.
- the laser 14 is fired, focused on the axis 5, beyond the electrode 2. This firing simultaneously produces a discharge between the electrodes 1 and 2 (ionized air column 17 between these electrodes) and the formation of an ionized column 18, thinner than the column 17, centered on the axis 5.
- the generator 13 is activated, which injects power into the "virtual" antenna Constituted by the plasma columns 17 and 18 and which maintains the ionization of these columns, because, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the instantaneous potential difference VQ C between the electrodes 1 and 2 is constant from the instant Tl (see relations below). It will be noted that a minimum time must be respected between instants T1 and T2 (typically of the order of a few tens of nanoseconds) in order for the plasma column to be well established between electrodes 1 and 2.
- the signal delivered by the transmitter 13 can be written in the form:
- VA C A cos ( ⁇ t), while the voltage applied by the source 8 to the electrodes 1 and 2 is of the form - / + VDC-
- FIG. 8 shows a variant of the device of FIGS. 1 to 6.
- a first laser firing (Tl) is carried out, focused on the axis 5 between the two electrodes, then a second laser shot (T2) focused on the same axis 5, but beyond the electrode 2, then activates the generator 13 (T3).
- T5 The plasma antenna disappears (T5) shortly after the end of the activation of the generator 13 (T4).
- FIG 2 after activating the high voltage source 8 (TO), the laser 14 is activated (T1) to perform a first "shot” focused on the axis 5, between the electrodes 1 and 2, to create by high discharge voltage a thin column of conductive plasma 15 between these two electrodes.
- Figure 3 the laser firing causes the high voltage discharge 16 in the plasma column 15, between the electrodes 1 and 2.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 A second shot of the laser 14 (T2), focussed on the axis
- FIG. 6 the transmitter 13 (T3), which injects the alternative power into the "virtual" antenna constituted by the plasma columns 17 and 18 and which maintains the ionization of these columns, is activated because, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the instantaneous potential difference V DC between the electrodes 1 and 2 is constant from the instant T1 (as explained above with reference to FIG. 7).
- the device of the invention in addition to the advantages inherent to the actual plasma antenna, the conductive coupling between the electrodes and the antenna, a very good efficiency of the power transfer between the generator 13 and the generator is obtained.
- the antenna (these electrodes being brought to the same instantaneous AC potential, practically all the alternative power is injected into the antenna).
- this device is very economical, since it only requires a source of high voltage at low power.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0601075A FR2897207B1 (fr) | 2006-02-07 | 2006-02-07 | Dispositif de couplage entre une antenne a plasma et un generateur de signal de puissance |
PCT/EP2007/051177 WO2007090850A1 (fr) | 2006-02-07 | 2007-02-07 | Dispositif de couplage entre une antenne a plasma et un generateur de signal de puissance |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1982347A1 true EP1982347A1 (fr) | 2008-10-22 |
EP1982347B1 EP1982347B1 (fr) | 2009-09-30 |
Family
ID=36997884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07712164A Active EP1982347B1 (fr) | 2006-02-07 | 2007-02-07 | Dispositif de couplage entre une antenne a plasma et un generateur de signal de puissance |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7965241B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1982347B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE444560T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2641764C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602007002616D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2333177T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2897207B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL193280A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007090850A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016014790A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Antennes électriquement courtes à résistance de rayonnement améliorée |
US11024950B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-06-01 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wideband laser-induced plasma filament antenna with modulated conductivity |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3404403A (en) | 1966-01-20 | 1968-10-01 | Itt | Laser beam antenna |
US6169520B1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2001-01-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plasma antenna with currents generated by opposed photon beams |
US6087993A (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plasma antenna with electro-optical modulator |
US20030145790A1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2003-08-07 | Hitoshi Sakamoto | Metal film production apparatus and metal film production method |
US6842146B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2005-01-11 | Markland Technologies, Inc. | Plasma filter antenna system |
US6710746B1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-03-23 | Markland Technologies, Inc. | Antenna having reconfigurable length |
FR2863782B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-01-05 | France Etat Armement | Procede pour emettre un signal electromagnetique et antenne associee |
-
2006
- 2006-02-07 FR FR0601075A patent/FR2897207B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-02-07 DE DE602007002616T patent/DE602007002616D1/de active Active
- 2007-02-07 AT AT07712164T patent/ATE444560T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-02-07 US US12/278,283 patent/US7965241B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-07 CA CA2641764A patent/CA2641764C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-07 ES ES07712164T patent/ES2333177T3/es active Active
- 2007-02-07 WO PCT/EP2007/051177 patent/WO2007090850A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-02-07 EP EP07712164A patent/EP1982347B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-08-06 IL IL193280A patent/IL193280A/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007090850A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1982347B1 (fr) | 2009-09-30 |
FR2897207A1 (fr) | 2007-08-10 |
CA2641764C (fr) | 2015-03-31 |
ES2333177T3 (es) | 2010-02-17 |
CA2641764A1 (fr) | 2007-08-16 |
US7965241B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
IL193280A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
ATE444560T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
WO2007090850A1 (fr) | 2007-08-16 |
IL193280A0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
US20090015489A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
FR2897207B1 (fr) | 2008-04-04 |
DE602007002616D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
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