EP1981954B1 - Utilisation pour la reduction des emissions de moteurs diesels - Google Patents

Utilisation pour la reduction des emissions de moteurs diesels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1981954B1
EP1981954B1 EP06780596.0A EP06780596A EP1981954B1 EP 1981954 B1 EP1981954 B1 EP 1981954B1 EP 06780596 A EP06780596 A EP 06780596A EP 1981954 B1 EP1981954 B1 EP 1981954B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
engines
gas oil
fraction
diesel engines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06780596.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1981954A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniele Quartieri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROMETEUS di Daniele Quartieri
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PROMETEUS di Daniele Quartieri
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Publication of EP1981954A1 publication Critical patent/EP1981954A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions, in particular NO x and particulate, of diesel cycle engines.
  • a solution suggested by the prior art consists in the addition of water to the fuel. This solution has proved to be beneficial as it reduces the harmful components.
  • a typical example of technology which uses the addition of water is represented by the so-called "white gas oil", an emulsion of water (about 10%) in gas oil, produced by the addition of suitable emulsifiers.
  • the beneficial effect of water can be attributed to the reduced temperature in the combustion chamber, which lowers the NO x level, and also a better combustion due to the pulverization of gas oil into droplets caused by the explosion of the water drops contained in the emulsion, during the compression phase.
  • alcohols having a low molecular weight for example methanol and ethanol
  • Otto cycle driven ignition engines
  • gas oil engines diesel cycle
  • a low cetane number corresponds to a high octane number.
  • GB-A-2 384 525 reports on the addition of water, e.g. steam, to an engine charge for reducing both particulate matters and NO x emission levels in turbo diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the water can be demineralized and added into the intake air as steam or water spray, injected directly into the cylinder or included in the fuel.
  • a secondary fuel may also be added, e.g. methanol/alcohol, to improve combustion of the primary diesel fuel.
  • the method reduces particulate matters and NO x emissions.
  • JP 1995 253025 A (Yamaguchi Takashi) 3 October 1995 relates to a diesel engine comprising a water and inhalation device for car.
  • the device has steam generator set up in inhalation circuit of diesel engine to generate water steam which is inhaled and burned with evaporated methanol in engine combustion chamber. The method decreases harmful exhaust material.
  • US 2001/015030 relates to an additive composition for a combustion fuel to utilize readily available and renewable resources and to improve combustion and reduced smoke and particulate production of the combusted fuel, said additive composition comprising at least five different components, said composition being mixed with said combustible fuel to form a clear stable microemulsion having a viscosity similar to a liquid fossil fuel.
  • the present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines, according to claim 1.
  • Diesel engines which can be used in the procedure of the present invention include, as an example, engines for light road transport (cars), engines for heavy road transport (lorries, buses, tractors) motors for electricity generators.
  • the term diesel engine means any kind of diesel cycle engine, preferably turbojet and turbo-diesel engines.
  • Hydro-alcoholic blend means an aqueous solution of methanol and iso-butanol. It is essential, however, for the alcohols to be present in an amount and with a number of carbon atoms such as to assure the formation of a perfectly homogeneous and limpid aqueous solution. Therefore the ratio iso-butanol / methanol is usually low due to the scarce water solubility of iso-butanol. In the experimental part, tests related to a homogeneous mixture of 50% by volume demineralized water and 50% by volume of an alcohol blend consisting of 97% by volume of methanol and 3% by volume of iso-butanol are described.
  • the above alcohols can be obtained from petrochemical productions, or, preferably, from renewable sources.
  • the present invention requires the separate feeding of gas oil and the hydro-alcoholic blend.
  • the volumetric ratio between the hydro-alcoholic blend and the gas oil ranges from 5/95 to 75/25. The above ratio mainly depends on the type of engine and regime at which it runs.
  • gas oil for road vehicles As far as gas oil for road vehicles is concerned, its characteristics and properties arc well-known to experts in the field. We would like to indicate, in particular, a typical evaporation curve of gas oil for road vehicles: at 150°C, 2% by volume evaporates, at 250°C, 64.5% by volume, at 350°C, 85% by volume, at 370°C, 95% by volume. Other important characteristics of the gas oil for road vehicles are density at 15°C (from 820 to 845 Kg/m 3 ) and viscosity at 40°C (from 2.00 to 4.5 mm 2 /sec.).
  • the feeding to the diesel engine can be effected by means of the usual means suitable for this purpose, for example by injectors.
  • the only restriction consists of the material of the means which feeds the hydro-alcoholic solution; this in fact must be resistant to water and also to alcohols.
  • a typical commercial injector which can be used for the hydro-alcoholic solutions of the present invention is known as Aquamist 1 of E.R.I.. Ltd.
  • the procedure of the present invention in addition to allowing a reduction in the NO x and particulate (PM), also has the advantage of increasing the engine power.
  • the reduction in emissions can be mainly ascribed to the presence of water, whose environmental advantages in diesel engines are already described in the known art.
  • the increase in power is mainly due to the introduction of alcohols into diesel engines.
  • the alcohol acts as a complement to gas oil for the purpose of improving the power yield.
  • the procedure of the present invention does not have the drawbacks mentioned above for "white gas oil".
  • the procedure of the present invention does not, obviously, have storage problems typical of gas oil/water emulsions, due to its nature.
  • the system of the present invention docs not require the presence of surface-active agents (necessary for preparing emulsions of white gas oil) which could create problems in gas oil engines.
  • the above engine is fed, for comparative purposes, with commercial gas oil only, of the EN 590 Agip Bludiesel type and, according to the present invention, with the same gas oil and with a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend consisting of:
  • the test cycle ECE 15 consists in driving the vehicle in a simulated run on a dynamometric bench on suitably calibrated rolls in order to consider the inertia and passive resistances according to the Extra-Urban Cycle EUDC.
  • Tables 1a-1c show the properties and the compositions of the mixture used in these tests (48.5% methanol, 1.5% iso-butanol, 50% demineralize water) at three different temperatures, i.e. 15°C (minimum operating temperature), 32°C (maximum operating temperature) and 78°C (flash point temperature).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Emploi de moteurs diesel alimentés au moyen de deux alimentations séparées, la première alimentation consistant en du gas-oil et la deuxième alimentation se composant à 50 % en volume d'eau déminéralisée et à 50 % en volume d'une composition composée à 97 % en volume de méthanol et à 3 % en volume d'isobutanol, le rapport volumétrique entre la deuxième alimentation et le gas-oil étant compris dans une plage allant de 5/95 à 75/25 pour la réduction des émissions de NOx et l'émission de particules de moteurs diesel.
  2. Emploi selon la revendication 1, où les moteurs diesel sont sélectionnés parmi des moteurs pour véhicules routiers légers, des moteurs pour poids lourds, des moteurs pour générateurs électriques.
  3. Emploi selon la revendication 1, où les moteurs diesel comprennent des moteurs turbo-diesel et des moteurs turboréacteurs.
EP06780596.0A 2006-02-03 2006-07-25 Utilisation pour la reduction des emissions de moteurs diesels Active EP1981954B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20060188 ITMI20060188A1 (it) 2006-02-03 2006-02-03 Procedimento per ridurre le emissioni di motorizzazioni diesel
PCT/IT2006/000566 WO2007088564A1 (fr) 2006-02-03 2006-07-25 Procede de reduction des emissions de moteurs diesels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1981954A1 EP1981954A1 (fr) 2008-10-22
EP1981954B1 true EP1981954B1 (fr) 2013-05-29

Family

ID=37396484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06780596.0A Active EP1981954B1 (fr) 2006-02-03 2006-07-25 Utilisation pour la reduction des emissions de moteurs diesels

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1981954B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20060188A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007088564A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LT2643437T (lt) 2010-11-25 2018-04-10 Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd Metanolio, turinčio degalų kompoziciją, panaudojimas ir kompresinio uždegimo variklio įjungimo būdas

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2627396B2 (ja) * 1994-03-15 1997-07-02 敬 山口 自動車用ディーゼルエンジンの水、メタノール吸入装置
EP1047756A2 (fr) * 1998-01-12 2000-11-02 Deborah Wenzel Composition additive egalement utilisee comme composition combustible contenant des alcools hydrosolubles
GB2384525A (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-30 William May Stott Adding water, eg steam, to the charge of a reciprocating piston i.c. engine to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and NOx

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI20060188A1 (it) 2007-08-04
EP1981954A1 (fr) 2008-10-22
WO2007088564A1 (fr) 2007-08-09

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