EP1972463B1 - Elément de sécurité - Google Patents

Elément de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1972463B1
EP1972463B1 EP08004395.3A EP08004395A EP1972463B1 EP 1972463 B1 EP1972463 B1 EP 1972463B1 EP 08004395 A EP08004395 A EP 08004395A EP 1972463 B1 EP1972463 B1 EP 1972463B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security
feature region
band gap
data carrier
security element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08004395.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1972463A3 (fr
EP1972463A2 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Dr. Mengel
Thorsten Dr. Pillo
Winfried Dr. Hoffmüller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1972463A2 publication Critical patent/EP1972463A2/fr
Publication of EP1972463A3 publication Critical patent/EP1972463A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1972463B1 publication Critical patent/EP1972463B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B42D2033/12—
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2035/24—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for security papers, documents of value and the like with an incident electromagnetic radiation selectively influencing feature area.
  • the invention further relates to a corresponding security paper and a corresponding security film for the production of security or value documents, a data carrier with such a feature area and an associated manufacturing method.
  • Data carriers such as valuables or identity documents, but also other valuables, such as branded goods, are often provided with security features for security, which allow a verification of the authenticity of the data carrier and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • the security features can be present, for example, in the form of separately produced security elements which are inserted or applied to the data carriers, for example in the form of a security thread embedded in a banknote, a cover foil for a banknote with a hole, an applied security strip or a self-supporting transfer element which is in accordance with his Production is applied to a document of value.
  • the security features are also printed directly on the disk to be protected or introduced into the volume of the data carrier substrate.
  • the pamphlets EP 2 054 242 A1 and WO 2008/095481 A2 which are both documents under Art. 54 (3) EPC, concern security documents with a photonic crystal.
  • the publication DE 10 2004 039 A1 relates to pigments based on cylinders or prisms
  • the document US 2003/0179364 A1 concerns micro-optics for document identification
  • the publication WO 2004/096894 A2 refers to shaped articles with optical effect, which consist essentially of core-shell particles
  • the WO 2008/097397 A1 which is a document under Art.
  • EPC refers to crystalline colloidal arrays reacting to an activator.
  • the object of the present invention is to further improve security elements, security papers, security films and value documents of the type mentioned above with regard to their security against imitation.
  • the selective reflection of the incident electromagnetic radiation is utilized by the feature area.
  • the spectral range of selective reflection is in the visible spectral range.
  • the feature area can then in particular appear optically variable, so that the viewer is given different color impressions at different viewing angles.
  • the feature area is embossed in partial regions, whereby the band gap of the platonic band gap material is changed by the embossment in order to create regions with different selective influencing of the incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • the feature region in the non-embossed subregions can selectively reflect light of a first wavelength and light of a second, different wavelength in the embossed subregions reflect selectively.
  • the feature region in the non-embossed partial regions can selectively absorb light of a first wavelength and selectively absorb light of a second, different wavelength in the embossed partial regions.
  • the material having a photonic band gap can be formed, in particular, by nanoparticles that are spherical in the undeformed state.
  • the preparation of such nanoparticle structures is based on the self-organized arrangement of monodisperse spheres, for example of latex, PMMA, polystyrene or inorganic-polymer hybrid particles. These materials can be used, for example, by emulsion polymerization or by means of wet chemistry and subsequent sintering for the production of photonic bandgap material.
  • latex beads can be sedimented to lie in a three-dimensional hexagonal array.
  • the system can be in a gas phase process are filled with a dielectric and the latex balls are then removed by dissolution, so that a periodic arrangement in the form of an artificial inverted opal, which has a photonic band gap.
  • the feature area can be present in the interior of the security paper or the security film, or can be present in a layer applied to the security paper or the security film, in particular in a printed printing layer.
  • the feature area can also be present in a separate security element of the type described above, which is introduced into or applied to the security paper or the security film.
  • the invention further comprises a data carrier, in particular a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card or the like, with a security element of the type described above.
  • a data carrier in particular a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card or the like
  • a security element of the type described above.
  • the feature area of the security element is advantageously designed further in the manner described in more detail above.
  • the feature area of the data carrier may be present in the interior of the data carrier, or in a layer applied to the data carrier, in particular in an imprinted print layer.
  • the feature area may also be present in a separate security element of the type described above that has been introduced or applied to the data carrier.
  • the feature area is arranged at least partially over an information applied to the data carrier.
  • the feature area in a first state hinders the view of the underlying information.
  • an external stimulus such as pressure, temperature, voltage, magnetism, light or sound, the feature area is transitioned to a second state where it releases the view of the underlying information.
  • the invention further includes a method for producing a security feature of a security element, a security paper, a security film or a data carrier, according to claim 19.
  • the feature region can be produced in particular by printing on a printing ink containing photonic bandgap material by imprinting a printing ink containing interference pigments from photonic bandgap material or by introducing photonic bandgap material into the bulk of a substrate.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 with a feature area 12.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a banknote 20, on the substrate 22 in a feature area, a print layer 24 is printed.
  • the print layer 24 contains a binder matrix in which interference pigments of photonic bandgap material 26 are introduced.
  • the interference pigments or the photonic band gap material are represented schematically by an arrangement of circular disks.
  • wet-chemical methods such as by a sol-gel method or by emulsion polymerization
  • interference pigments can be produced comparatively inexpensively.
  • a dispersion varnish layer containing photonic bandgap material is also suitable.
  • this material is formed by spherical nanoparticles.
  • the printed print layer 24 has a white body color for the viewer.
  • the narrow band near infrared absorption can be readily detected by illuminating the feature area with infrared radiation and recording the reflected radiation with a suitable detector, such as a silicon detector.
  • the feature area may be designed in particular in the form of patterns, characters or codes, as in FIG Fig.1 shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a value document 40 with a feature area 42 containing a printed in the form of a pattern, a character or a coding photonic bandgap material 44.
  • the feature area 42 may be combined with other printing or functional layers 46, 48 that are applied to the value document substrate above and / or below the feature area.
  • the photonic bandgap material 44 may be selected to be colorless in the visible spectral region, or to have a white body color and to absorb only narrow band in the infrared.
  • the photonic bandgap material 44 may be selected to be colorless in the visible spectral region, or to have a white body color and to absorb only narrow band in the infrared.
  • the feature area may also be located inside a value document substrate, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown.
  • the value document 50 shown there contains a security film 52 in whose volume in a feature area 54 a photonic bandgap material 56 is introduced, which in turn is designed for narrow-band absorption in the near infrared.
  • the thus provided with an authenticity feature security film 52 is then combined in a conventional manner with other pressure and / orjansschichen 58.
  • the body color of the band gap material 56 is matched to the body color of the security film 52 by the choice of the band gap and the defect structure, so that the feature region 54 visually does not appear.
  • the printed or functional sheaths 58 may also be matched to the optical properties of the bandgap material 56 in order, for example, to enable a detection of the IR absorption of the bandgap material 56 from the top side of the value document 50.
  • the photonic band gap material is adjusted so that it selectively reflects light from the visible spectral range, we obtain optically variable systems that change color when the viewing angle is changed.
  • Fig. 5 shows for illustration the feature area 60 of a value document which contains a photonic bandgap material in the form of spherical nanoparticles 64 in an undeformed portion 62.
  • the photonic bandgap material in the undeformed portion 62 has a reflection wavelength ⁇ 1 , which may be in the visible, ultraviolet or infrared spectral range.
  • the order of the periodic nanoparticle structures has been permanently changed by a blind embossing, that is to say by local exertion of considerable pressure.
  • the embossing causes the nanoparticles 68 to be deformed and / or arranged with a changed intermediate spacing, as in FIG Fig. 5 shown schematically.
  • the altered order of the nanoparticles 68 causes a change in the photonic bandgap and thus also a change in the reflection properties of the material, so that the photonic bandgap material in the deformed subregions 66 has a reflection wavelength ⁇ 2 different from ⁇ 1 .
  • the deformation by blind embossing can be carried out with very high accuracy, so that in this way detailed color cuts highest Create resolution.
  • IR-absorbing nanoparticles 64 are used, the wavelength of the narrow-band IR absorption due to the deformation can be shifted out of the sensitivity range of the selected IR detector or out of the passband of a suitably chosen filter. In this way, an extremely fine IR cut can be generated, which can be detected mechanically with corresponding sensors.
  • the photonic band gap material in the form of spherical nanoparticles 70 is embedded in a reversibly deformable matrix 72, for example in a gel, a soft lacquer or a soft color.
  • a reversibly deformable matrix 72 for example in a gel, a soft lacquer or a soft color.
  • the photonic bandgap material according to the selected band gap on a reflection wavelength ⁇ 1 which may be in the visible, ultraviolet or infrared spectral range.
  • the shape and / or arrangement of the spherical nanoparticles changes, as in the right half of FIG Fig. 6 shown.
  • the band gap and thus the reflection wavelength of the material changes, so that by applying pressure 74, a shift of the reflection wavelength can be achieved to a value ⁇ 2 different from ⁇ 1 .
  • the reversibly deformable matrix 72 restores the initial state and thus the original reflection wavelength ⁇ 1 .
  • the feature area with the photonic bandgap material therefore exhibits piezochromic, optically variable behavior that can be triggered interactively by a user for authenticity testing.
  • the initial state is represented by spherical rubber-elastic nanoparticles 80 in which the feature region has a reflection wavelength ⁇ 1 corresponding to the selected band gap.
  • the shape and / or arrangement of the nanoparticles 80 changes, so that the reflection wavelength of the material shifts to a value ⁇ 2 .
  • the restoring force of the rubber-elastic nanoparticles 80 restores the initial state and thus the original reflection wavelength ⁇ 1 of the feature region.
  • the described deformations can be generated not only by pressure but also by other external stimuli, such as temperature, electrical voltage, magnetism, light or sound.
  • other external stimuli such as temperature, electrical voltage, magnetism, light or sound.
  • an embedding matrix with a high coefficient of thermal expansion may be used, such that the distance of the nanoparticles 70 changes with temperature.
  • embedding in thermoactive hydrogels is possible.
  • the transparent film 105 is applied as a film strip extending over the entire banknote width. Regardless of the feature area 106, the information "20" is particularly clearly visible when the banknote 100 is viewed against a dark background, since then the printed parts 104 of the information complement the background visible through the through-hole 103 for the information "20". by virtue of However, the negative contour 104 ', the information is also visible against a light background, albeit with a lower contrast.
  • the substrate 101 further has a background pressure 107, which is indicated in the exemplary embodiment by arcuate lines and is typically realized as a guilloche pattern in the form of an intertwined line pattern.
  • the imprint 104 and the background printing 107 can be produced in the same operation, for example in offset printing or Nyloprint.
  • the film 105 may have line patterns 108 corresponding to the background printing 107, wherein care should be taken to ensure register-accurate application of the film 105, so that the patterns 107 and 108 complement or overlap with an exact fit.
  • the line patterns 107 of the film 105 can be designed in particular as a metallization and thus on the one hand further increase the complexity and security against forgery of the arrangement, on the other hand provide a simple visual inspection possibility of tailor-made application of the film 105.
  • the photonic band gap material can be applied or introduced in various aggregation forms.
  • a particularly simple possibility is the application of a dispersion varnish containing the photonic bandgap material.
  • This method is particularly suitable for application to substrates with low surface roughness, so that in particular films as carriers come into question.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Elément de sécurité pour papiers de sécurité, documents de valeur et analogues, comportant un domaine de caractéristiques influant sélectivement sur un rayonnement électromagnétique incident, domaine qui contient un matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques réfléchit sélectivement un rayonnement électromagnétique incident, le domaine spectral de la réflexion sélective se trouvant dans le domaine spectral visible, et en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est gaufré dans des domaines partiels, la bande interdite du matériau à bande interdite photonique étant modifiée sous l'effet du gaufrage, pour créer des domaines ayant une influence sélective différente sur le rayonnement électromagnétique incident.
  2. Elément de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques forme une couche optiquement variable, qui donne à l'utilisateur des impressions colorées différentes en présence de différents angles d'observation.
  3. Elément de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques se présente sous forme de motifs, de caractères ou de codages.
  4. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques réfléchit sélectivement une lumière ayant une première longueur d'onde dans les domaines partiels non gaufrés, et réfléchit sélectivement une lumière ayant une deuxième longueur d'onde, différente, dans les domaines partiels gaufrés.
  5. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques absorbe sélectivement une lumière ayant une première longueur d'onde dans les domaines partiels non gaufrés, et absorbe sélectivement une lumière ayant une deuxième longueur d'onde, différente, dans les domaines partiels gaufrés.
  6. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique est formé de nanoparticules sphériques à l'état non déformé.
  7. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique présente une structure en opale inverse, avec des trous remplis d'air.
  8. Elément de sécurité selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique forme une coque pour un système fonctionnel, tel qu'un colorant leuco-dérivé thermochromique ou des cristaux liquides thermochromiques.
  9. Papier ou feuille de sécurité pour la fabrication de documents de sécurité ou de valeur comportant un élément de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Papier ou feuille de sécurité selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques se trouve à l'intérieur du papier de sécurité.
  11. Papier ou feuille de sécurité selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est présent dans une couche appliquée sur le papier de sécurité ou sur la feuille de sécurité, en particulier dans une couche d'impression surimprimée.
  12. Papier ou feuille de sécurité selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est présent dans un élément de sécurité distinct selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 8, incorporé ou appliqué dans le papier de sécurité ou dans la feuille de sécurité.
  13. Support de données, en particulier document de valeur tel qu'un billet de banque, une carte d'identité ou analogues, comportant un élément de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
  14. Support de données selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques se trouve à l'intérieur du support de données.
  15. Support de données selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le support de données se trouve dans une couche appliquée sur le support de données, en particulier dans une couche d'impression surimprimée.
  16. Support de données selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques se trouve dans un élément de sécurité distinct selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 8, incorporé ou appliqué dans le support de données.
  17. Support de données selon la revendication 13, 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est disposé au moins partiellement au-dessus d'une information appliquée sur le support de données.
  18. Support de données selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques empêche dans un premier état la vue de l'information située en-dessous, et, par stimulation avec un stimulus externe tel que par exemple une pression, une température, une tension électrique, un magnétisme, une lumière ou un son, est converti en un deuxième état, dans lequel il libère la vue de l'information située en-dessous.
  19. Procédé de fabrication d'une caractéristique de sécurité d'un élément de sécurité, d'un papier de sécurité, d'une feuille de sécurité ou d'un support de données, dans lequel on pourvoit un domaine de caractéristiques d'un matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique, pour créer un domaine de caractéristiques influant sélectivement sur un rayonnement électromagnétique incident, le domaine de caractéristiques réfléchissant sélectivement un rayonnement électromagnétique incident, et le domaine spectral de la réflexion sélective se trouvant dans le domaine spectral visible, et dans lequel on gaufre le domaine de caractéristiques dans des domaines partiels, la bande interdite du matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique étant alors modifiée sous l'effet du gaufrage, pour créer des domaines ayant une influence sélective différente sur le rayonnement électromagnétique incident.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est produit par surimpression d'une encre d'imprimerie contenant un matériau à bande interdite photonique.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est produit par surimpression d'une encre d'imprimerie, qui contient des pigments d'interférence en un matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique.
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le domaine de caractéristiques est produit par incorporation d'un matériau ayant une bande interdite photonique dans le volume d'un substrat.
  23. Utilisation d'un élément de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, d'un papier de sécurité ou d'une feuille de sécurité selon les revendications 9 à 12, ou d'un support de données selon l'une des revendications 13 à 18, pour la protection d'objets de nature quelconque.
EP08004395.3A 2007-03-13 2008-03-10 Elément de sécurité Not-in-force EP1972463B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012042A DE102007012042A1 (de) 2007-03-13 2007-03-13 Sicherheitselement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1972463A2 EP1972463A2 (fr) 2008-09-24
EP1972463A3 EP1972463A3 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP1972463B1 true EP1972463B1 (fr) 2013-08-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08004395.3A Not-in-force EP1972463B1 (fr) 2007-03-13 2008-03-10 Elément de sécurité

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1972463B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007012042A1 (fr)

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US10482361B2 (en) 2015-07-05 2019-11-19 Thewhollysee Ltd. Optical identification and characterization system and tags

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DE102008053099A1 (de) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement mit drucksensitivem Erscheinungsbild
WO2010057307A1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-27 Opalux Incorporated Dispositif d'authentification à base de cristal photonique compressible
DE102009016533A1 (de) 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Piezochromes Sicherheitselement auf Flüssigkristallbasis
DE102009016525A1 (de) 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Mikrokapsel mit Flüssigkristall
GB0906366D0 (en) * 2009-04-14 2009-05-20 Rue De Int Ltd Security device
DE102009024447A1 (de) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-16 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement mit veränderbarem optischen Erscheinungsbild
DE102010045569A1 (de) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Tragbarer Datenträger mit einem Flux-Detektor als Anzeigeelement
DE102010063982B4 (de) 2010-12-22 2020-07-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer dreidimensionalen Struktur auf einem Substrat
DE102011112696B4 (de) * 2011-08-31 2016-02-18 Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Solarzelle mit Folie zur Rückseitenkontaktierung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung einer Folie als Rückseitenkontaktierung
EP2662806B1 (fr) * 2012-05-11 2014-05-14 Sick AG Caractéristique d'identification optique
DE102013225517B4 (de) * 2013-12-10 2018-05-03 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Sicherheitsdokument mit Prüfeinrichtung für eine Schaltung und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer Schaltung in einem Sicherheitsdokument
DE102015006531A1 (de) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Piezochromes Sicherheitselement
CN114236811A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-25 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 一种反射型电致变色材料、显示装置、制作及驱动方法

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