EP1969674B1 - Antenna arrangement and use thereof - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1969674B1
EP1969674B1 EP06819622A EP06819622A EP1969674B1 EP 1969674 B1 EP1969674 B1 EP 1969674B1 EP 06819622 A EP06819622 A EP 06819622A EP 06819622 A EP06819622 A EP 06819622A EP 1969674 B1 EP1969674 B1 EP 1969674B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slots
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
cylinder
antenna
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EP06819622A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1969674A1 (en
Inventor
Bert Jannsen
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an antenna arrangement consisting of a conductive cylinder which is placed on a conductive surface.
  • the beam characteristic that is the antenna diagram
  • patch antennas are used today, which can be both compact and inexpensive to manufacture, as well as the required for the satellite services polarization (left / right circular) can provide.
  • the additional reception of vertically polarized signals at elevation angles between 0 ° and 10 ° usually fails in this type of antennas at a low gain.
  • Antennas currently in use such as patch antennas, typically have the characteristics of having a maximum peak gain (90 ° elevation) that drops rapidly at small elevation angles. In some systems, however, it makes sense to shift the maximum gain to smaller elevation angles (by 30 °), so that sufficient profit is available even in peripheral areas. This is useful, for example, in geostationary satellite systems which, due to their trajectory, can only supply their coverage area at a low elevation angle. These low elevation angles usually also result in reception problems in shaded areas such as cities or mountain regions. In order to still allow a reception, repeaters are used, which work in the same frequency range but use a different polarization (vertical).
  • an antenna arrangement consisting of a conductive hollow cylinder whose conductive end face is applied to a conductive surface.
  • a conductive hollow cylinder whose conductive end face is applied to a conductive surface.
  • radial slots are provided on the conductive surfaces facing away from the end face of the hollow cylinder . These slots or the segments formed by them are fed individually.
  • the height of the cylinder is chosen in the range smaller than half the operating wavelength 10 that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis has a higher antenna gain than in the region of the cylinder axis.
  • the height of the cylinder is less than half of the Operating wavelength selected so that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis has a higher antenna gain than in the range of the cylinder axis, it is possible to achieve a high antenna gain at low elevation angles between 0 ° and 10 °, especially in vertical polarization.
  • the gain in the elevation range can be adjusted so that it is raised at low elevation angles.
  • the antenna according to the invention not only provides a left circular polarization but also a high gain of the vertical components at very low elevation angles between 0 ° and 30 ° at the same port.
  • the dimensions of the antenna described below can be further reduced by constructing the antenna on a substrate with a high dielectric constant and / or surrounded by such a material.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of an antenna arrangement according to the prior art for explaining the invention.
  • a metallically conductive cylinder is placed or applied.
  • This cylinder 2 has radial slots 3 on its end face remote from the conductive surface 1.
  • these slots 3 are formed as rectangular cross-slots arranged perpendicular to each other, which extend from the central axis of the cylinder 2 to the outer boundary of the end face.
  • the segments 4 formed by the slots 3 are fed individually.
  • the feeding points 5 are close to the intersection of the slots, that is near the cylinder axis.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same antenna arrangement as FIG. 1 with additional representation of the current distribution, the intensity being recognizable by the gray scale.
  • the height of the cylinder is selected in the range smaller than half the operating wavelength so that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis, in particular at the outer edge, a higher antenna gain g than in the region of the cylinder axis.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 the antenna diagrams of different arrangements are shown. An ideal adaptation was required.
  • FIG. 11 recesses 10 are also provided in the region of the slots 3 ( FIG. 11 ).
  • the elevation range of the antenna pattern can be manipulated to emphasize the gain in the peripheral areas of the antenna pattern.
  • the concept is very simple and inexpensive executable.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show, more also rectangular slots in the cylinder 2 may be arranged to cover other frequency ranges and / or to stimulate polarization.
  • an additional radial slot 11 is provided in the end face and in FIG. 15 a slot 12 in the outer jacket.
  • This signal can either be connected to the in FIG. 3 drawn port P1 or at the decoupled from port P1 port P2 are tapped.
  • the desired increase in the gain g to recognize smaller elevation angles.
  • the excitation of the antenna (the Figures 1 and 2 show the excitation points 5) is realized by four signals phase-shifted by 90 °, by a feed network 13, as z.
  • FIG. 3 is shown generated.
  • the 4 signals are generated by using three 3 dB hybrids 1 - 3 in combination with a 90 ° detour line.
  • the receiving left circularly polarized signal are tapped.
  • the terminators are in FIG. 3 denoted by R.
  • the supply of the signals to the antenna structure can be carried out in various ways known from the literature.
  • FIG. 1 represented the contact points 5 of a direct excitation.
  • the signals by means of lines 14 from the arranged below the conductive surface 1 feed network 13th isolated performed by the conductive surface 1 and the contact points supplied directly (ohmic contact).
  • the position of the excitation FIG. 1 : R_A
  • the input impedance of the antenna can be influenced by alternatively exciting the antenna by field coupling.
  • This field coupling is shown schematically by a plan view in more detail. The different hatchings indicate different heights (positions) within the cylinder.
  • the field coupling is carried out by four open at the end lines 15, which extend perpendicular to these under the slots 3. Through coupling of the fields, the excitation takes place. By varying the line width and the length of the open lines 15 and the distance between the slots 3 and the lines 15, the input impedance of the antenna can be largely influenced.
  • the arrows indicate the excitation of the cables. Between the line excitation and the overlapping with the slots 3 line sections are in FIG. 5 Matching elements 14, for example in the form of stubs, shown, which serve to adapt the antenna impedance to the line impedance. Such matching elements can also be provided in the direct coupling.

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Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Antennenanordnung bestehend aus einem leitenden Zylinder, der auf eine leitende Fläche aufgesetzt ist.The invention is based on an antenna arrangement consisting of a conductive cylinder which is placed on a conductive surface.

Insbesondere für den Empfang von Satellitendiensten wie SDARS oder GPS sind Antennen vorteilhaft, die einfach und kompakt aufbaubar sind. Zusätzlich muss die Strahlcharakteristik, das heißt das Antennediagramm, an die Erfordernisse der verschiedenen Dienste einstellbar sein. In der Regel werden heutzutage Patch-Antennen verwendet, die sowohl kompakt und kostengünstig hergestellt werden können, als auch die für die Satellitendienste geforderte Polarisation (links/rechts zirkular) bereitstellen können. Der zusätzliche Empfang von vertikal polarisierten Signalen bei Elevationswinkeln zwischen 0° und 10° scheitert bei dieser Art von Antennen meist an einem zu geringen Gewinn.Especially for the reception of satellite services such as SDARS or GPS antennas are advantageous, which are simple and compact to build. In addition, the beam characteristic, that is the antenna diagram, must be adjustable to the requirements of the various services. In general, patch antennas are used today, which can be both compact and inexpensive to manufacture, as well as the required for the satellite services polarization (left / right circular) can provide. The additional reception of vertically polarized signals at elevation angles between 0 ° and 10 ° usually fails in this type of antennas at a low gain.

Die zurzeit eingesetzten Antennen, wie zum Beispiel Patch-Antennen, weisen in der Regel die Eigenschaften auf, dass sie einen maximalen Gewinn im Zenit (90° Elevation) besitzen, der zu kleinen Elevationswinkeln rasch abfällt. Bei einigen Systemen ist es allerdings sinnvoll, den maximalen Gewinn zu kleineren Elevationswinkeln (um 30°) zu verschieben, sodass auch in Randbereichen ausreichend Gewinn zur Verfügung steht. Dies ist zum Beispiel sinnvoll bei geostationären Satellitensystemen, die durch ihren Bahnverlauf ihr Versorgungsgebiet nur unter geringem Elevationswinkel versorgen können. Aus diesen niedrigen Elevationswinkeln resultieren meist auch Empfangsprobleme in abgeschatteten Bereichen wie Städte oder Bergregionen. Um dennoch einen Empfang zu ermöglichen, werden Repeater eingesetzt, die im gleichen Frequenzbereich arbeiten aber eine andere Polarisation (vertikal) verwenden.Antennas currently in use, such as patch antennas, typically have the characteristics of having a maximum peak gain (90 ° elevation) that drops rapidly at small elevation angles. In some systems, however, it makes sense to shift the maximum gain to smaller elevation angles (by 30 °), so that sufficient profit is available even in peripheral areas. This is useful, for example, in geostationary satellite systems which, due to their trajectory, can only supply their coverage area at a low elevation angle. These low elevation angles usually also result in reception problems in shaded areas such as cities or mountain regions. In order to still allow a reception, repeaters are used, which work in the same frequency range but use a different polarization (vertical).

Aus der US 6,304,226 B1 ist eine Antenne mit quaderförmigem Gehäuse bekannt mit einer Kreuzschlitzstruktur in einer Außenwand. Gegenüber der Kreuzschlitzstruktur befindet sich in einer weiteren Außenwand ein gefalteter Resonanzraum, wobei aufgrund der Faltung eine Außenabmessung kleiner als die Hälfte der Betriebswellenlänge erreichbar ist. Dies ermöglicht eine Hochleistungsabstrahlung mit präziser zirkularer Polarisation.From the US 6,304,226 B1 is an antenna with cuboid housing known with a cross-slot structure in an outer wall. Opposite the cross-slot structure is located in a further outer wall, a folded resonance space, due to the folding an outer dimension is less than half of the operating wavelength can be achieved. This allows for high power radiation with precise circular polarization.

Aus der US 5,202,697 A ist eine Antennenanordnung bekannt, bestehend aus einem leitenden Hohlzylinder, dessen leitende Stirnfläche auf einer leitenden Fläche aufgebracht ist. Auf der der leitenden Flächte abgewandten Stirnfläche des Hohlzylinders sind radiale Schlitze vorgesehen. Diese Schlitze oder die durch sie gebildeten Segmente werden einzeln gespeist. Die Höhe des Zylinders wird im Bereich kleiner als der Hälfte der Betriebswellenlänge 10 gewählt, dass die Strahlungscharakteristik im Bereich außerhalb der Zylinderachse einen höheren Antennengewinn aufweist als im Bereich der Zylinderachse.From the US 5,202,697 A an antenna arrangement is known, consisting of a conductive hollow cylinder whose conductive end face is applied to a conductive surface. On the conductive surfaces facing away from the end face of the hollow cylinder radial slots are provided. These slots or the segments formed by them are fed individually. The height of the cylinder is chosen in the range smaller than half the operating wavelength 10 that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis has a higher antenna gain than in the region of the cylinder axis.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Mit den Maßnahmen des Anspruchs 1, das heißt auf der der leitenden Fläche abgewandten Stirnfläche des Zylinders sind radiale Schlitze vorgesehen, die durch die radialen Schlitze gebildeten Segmente oder die Schlitze selbst werden einzeln gespeist, die Höhe des Zylinders wird im Bereich kleiner als der Hälfte der Betriebswellenlänge so gewählt, dass die Strahlungscharakteristik im Bereich außerhalb der Zylinderachse einen höheren Antennengewinn aufweist als im Bereich der Zylinderachse, ist es möglich, insbesondere bei vertikaler Polarisation einen hohen Antennengewinn bei niedrigen Elevationswinkeln zwischen 0° und 10° zu erreichen. Je nach gewählter Höhe des Zylinders kann der Gewinn im Elevationsbereich so eingestellt werden, dass er bei niedrigen Elevationswinkeln angehoben wird. Andererseits stellt die erfindungsgemäße Antenne neben einer linkszirkularen Polarisation auch einen hohen Gewinn der vertikalen Anteile bei sehr niedrigen Elevationswinkeln zwischen 0° und 30° am gleichen Port zur Verfügung. Die Abmessungen der im Folgenden beschriebenen Antenne können weiter reduziert werden, indem die Antenne auf einem Substrat mit hoher Dielektrizitätszahl aufgebaut wird und/oder mit einem derartigen Material umgeben wird.With the measures of claim 1, that is, on the conductive surface facing away from the end surface of the cylinder radial slots are provided, the segments formed by the radial slots or the slots themselves are fed individually, the height of the cylinder is less than half of the Operating wavelength selected so that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis has a higher antenna gain than in the range of the cylinder axis, it is possible to achieve a high antenna gain at low elevation angles between 0 ° and 10 °, especially in vertical polarization. Depending on the selected height of the cylinder, the gain in the elevation range can be adjusted so that it is raised at low elevation angles. On the other hand, the antenna according to the invention not only provides a left circular polarization but also a high gain of the vertical components at very low elevation angles between 0 ° and 30 ° at the same port. The dimensions of the antenna described below can be further reduced by constructing the antenna on a substrate with a high dielectric constant and / or surrounded by such a material.

Zeichnungendrawings

Anhand der Zeichnungen werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 die Struktur einer Antenne mit Schlitzen in der Stirnfläche des Zylinders gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figur 2 die gleiche Antenne mit Darstellung der Stromverteilung,
  • Figur 3 Ein Speisenetzwerk für eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenstruktur,
  • Figur 4 eine Ohmsche Kopplung zur Anregung der Antennenstruktur,
  • Figur 5 eine Feldkopplung zur Anregung der Antenne,
  • Figur 6 die Abhängigkeit des Antennendiagramms vom Elevationswinkel für verschiedene Zylinderhöhen bei linkszirkularer Polarisation,
  • Figur 7 die Abhängigkeit des Antennendiagramms vom Azimuthwinkel bei linkszirkularer Polarisation,
  • Figur 8 die Abhängigkeit des Antennendiagramms vom Elevationswinkel bei vertikaler Polarisation,
  • Figur 9 ein Beispiel einer Antenne mit über den Rand des Zylinders verlängerten Schlitzen,
  • Figur 10 eine erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung, bei der die Berandung des Zylinders die Ebene der Schlitze in Abstrahlrichtung überragt,
  • Figur 11 einen Antennenanordnung wie in Figur 10 mit Aussparungen, in der die Ebene der Schlitze überragenden Berandung im Bereich der Schlitze,
  • Figur 12 einen Antennenanordnung, deren Zylinder mit materialhoher relativer Dielektrizitätszahl gefüllt ist,
  • Figur 13 eine Antennenanordnung, deren Zylinder mit materialhoher relativer Dielektrizitätszahl gefüllt sowie umgeben ist,
  • Figur 14 einen Antennenanordnung mit zusätzlichem Schlitz in der Stirnfläche des Zylinders,
  • Figur 15 eine Antennenanordnung mit einem zusätzlichen Schlitz im Zylindermantel.
With reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention will be explained. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 the structure of an antenna with slots in the end face of the cylinder according to the prior art,
  • FIG. 2 the same antenna with representation of the current distribution,
  • FIG. 3 A feed network for an antenna structure according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4 an ohmic coupling to excite the antenna structure,
  • FIG. 5 a field coupling for exciting the antenna,
  • FIG. 6 the dependence of the antenna diagram on the elevation angle for different cylinder heights in left circular polarization,
  • FIG. 7 the dependence of the antenna diagram on the azimuth angle in left circular polarization,
  • FIG. 8 the dependence of the antenna diagram on the elevation angle with vertical polarization,
  • FIG. 9 an example of an antenna with slots extended over the edge of the cylinder,
  • FIG. 10 an antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the boundary of the cylinder projects beyond the plane of the slots in the emission direction,
  • FIG. 11 an antenna arrangement as in FIG. 10 with recesses in which the plane of the slots projecting boundary in the area of the slots,
  • FIG. 12 an antenna arrangement whose cylinder is filled with material-high relative permittivity,
  • FIG. 13 an antenna arrangement whose cylinder is filled and surrounded by material-high relative permittivity,
  • FIG. 14 an antenna arrangement with additional slot in the end face of the cylinder,
  • FIG. 15 an antenna assembly with an additional slot in the cylinder jacket.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Figur 1 zeigt den Aufbau einer Antennenanordnung gemäß dem Stand der Technik zur Erläuterung der Erfindung. Auf eine metallisch leitende Fläche 1 ist ein metallisch leitender Zylinder aufgesetzt beziehungsweise aufgebracht. Dieser Zylinder 2 weist auf seiner der leitenden Fläche 1 abgewandten Stirnfläche radiale Schlitze 3 auf. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 sind diese Schlitze 3 als senkrecht zueinander angeordnete rechteckige Kreuzschlitze ausgebildet, die von der Mittelachse des Zylinders 2 bis zur Außenberandung der Stirnfläche hin verlaufen. Die durch die Schlitze 3 gebildeten Segmente 4 werden einzeln gespeist. Die Speisepunkte 5 liegen nahe am Kreuzungspunkt der Schlitze, das heißt in der Nähe der Zylinderachse. FIG. 1 shows the structure of an antenna arrangement according to the prior art for explaining the invention. On a metallically conductive surface 1, a metallically conductive cylinder is placed or applied. This cylinder 2 has radial slots 3 on its end face remote from the conductive surface 1. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 these slots 3 are formed as rectangular cross-slots arranged perpendicular to each other, which extend from the central axis of the cylinder 2 to the outer boundary of the end face. The segments 4 formed by the slots 3 are fed individually. The feeding points 5 are close to the intersection of the slots, that is near the cylinder axis.

Figur 2 zeigt die gleiche Antennenanordnung wie Figur 1 mit zusätzlicher Darstellung der Stromverteilung, wobei die Intensität durch die Graustufung erkennbar ist. FIG. 2 shows the same antenna arrangement as FIG. 1 with additional representation of the current distribution, the intensity being recognizable by the gray scale.

Die Höhe des Zylinders wird im Bereich kleiner als der Hälfte der Betriebswellenlänge so gewählt, dass die Strahlungscharakteristik im Bereich außerhalb der Zylinderachse, insbesondere am Außenrand, einen höheren Antennengewinn g aufweist als im Bereich der Zylinderachse. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass durch die Berandung des Zylinders der Gewinn bei niedrigen Elevationswinkeln so beeinflusst wird, dass der Elevationsbereich des Antennendiagramms eingestellt werden kann.The height of the cylinder is selected in the range smaller than half the operating wavelength so that the radiation characteristic in the area outside the cylinder axis, in particular at the outer edge, a higher antenna gain g than in the region of the cylinder axis. This has the advantage that the margins of the cylinder influence the gain at low elevation angles in such a way that the elevation range of the antenna pattern can be adjusted.

In den Figuren 6 und 7 sind die Antennendiagramme verschiedener Anordnungen dargestellt. Dabei wurde eine ideale Anpassung vorausgesetzt. Figur 6 zeigt das Antennendiagramm bei linkszirkularer Polarisation in Abhängigkeit vom Elevationswinkel Θ (Azimuthwinkel Φ=90°) für verschiedene Höhen des Zylinders. Die Figur 7 zeigt für den Fall h=9.1 mm das Antennendiagramm in Abhängigkeit vom Azimuthwinkel bei einem Elevationswinkeln von Θ=20° (beziehungsweise 160°). LHCP steht für den linkspolarisierten und RHCP für den rechtpolarisierten Anteil. Deutlich ist zu erkennen, dass durch die Verkleinerung der Höhe der Gewinn in den äußeren Bereichen erhöht und im Zenit (Θ=90°) erniedrigt werden kann. Das Konzept weist insgesamt eine geringe Bauhöhe von ca. 7mm auf. Die lateralen Abmessungen liegen dagegen in der Größenordnung einer halben Wellenlänge (λ/2=64mm). Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung sowohl der lateralen Abmessungen als auch der Höhe bestehen z. B. darin, dass ein keramisches Material 6 mit hoher Dielektrizitätszahl in den Zylinder eingesetzt wird, wie Figur 12 zeigt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Antennenstruktur auch mit einem dielektrischen Material 7 umgeben werden (Figur 13). Eine weitere Beeinflussungsgröße ist dadurch gegeben, dass die Schlitze 3 gemäß Figur 9 in den Randbereich des Zylinders verlängert werden können. Im Bereich der Schlitze 3 sind Aussparungen 8 in der Berandung vorgesehen. Auch gibtes eine zusätzliche Berandung 9 des Zylinders über die Ebene der Schlitze 3, sodass die Berandung des Zylinders 2 die Ebene der Schlitze 3 in Abstrahlrichtung überragt. In der Berandung 9 sind im Bereich der Schlitze 3 ebenfalls Aussparungen 10 vorgesehen (Figur 11). Durch diese Maßnahmen kann der Elevationsbereich des Antennendiagramms so beeinflusst werden, dass der Gewinn in den Randbereichen des Antennendiagramms betont wird. Zudem ist das Konzept sehr einfach und kostengünstig ausführbar. Wie die Figuren 14 und 15 zeigen, können weitere ebenfalls rechteckförmige Schlitze im Zylinder 2 angeordnet sein, um andere Frequenzbereiche abzudecken und/oder Polarisationen anzuregen. In Figur 14 ist ein zusätzlicher radialer Schlitz 11 in der Stirnfläche vorgesehen und in Figur 15 ein Schlitz 12 im Außenmantel. In Figur 8 ist der Gewinn g für vertikale Polarisation über dem Elevationswinkel Θ gezeigt bei Azimuthwinkel Φ=90°. Dieses Signal kann entweder ebenfalls an dem in Figur 3 eingezeichneten Port P1 oder an dem vom Port P1 entkoppelten Port P2 abgegriffen werden. Deutlich ist der gewünschte Anstieg des Gewinns g zu kleineren Elevationswinkeln zu erkennen.In the FIGS. 6 and 7 the antenna diagrams of different arrangements are shown. An ideal adaptation was required. FIG. 6 shows the antenna diagram in left circular polarization as a function of the elevation angle Θ (azimuth angle Φ = 90 °) for different heights of the cylinder. The FIG. 7 shows for the case h = 9.1 mm the antenna diagram as a function of the azimuth angle at an elevation angle of Θ = 20 ° (or 160 °). LHCP stands for the left-polarized portion and RHCP for the right-polarized portion. It can be clearly seen that the reduction of the height can increase the gain in the outer areas and decrease it in the zenith (Θ = 90 °). Overall, the concept has a low overall height of approx. 7mm. The lateral dimensions, on the other hand, are of the order of half a wavelength (λ / 2 = 64 mm). Possibilities for reducing both the lateral dimensions and the height exist z. B. in that a ceramic material 6 having a high dielectric constant is inserted into the cylinder, such as FIG. 12 shows. Alternatively or additionally, the antenna structure can also be surrounded by a dielectric material 7 ( FIG. 13 ). Another influencing variable is given by the fact that the slots 3 according to FIG. 9 can be extended in the edge region of the cylinder. In the region of the slots 3 recesses 8 are provided in the boundary. There is also an additional edge 9 of the cylinder over the plane of the slots 3, so that the boundary of the cylinder 2 projects beyond the plane of the slots 3 in the emission direction. In the boundary 9 recesses 10 are also provided in the region of the slots 3 ( FIG. 11 ). By doing so, the elevation range of the antenna pattern can be manipulated to emphasize the gain in the peripheral areas of the antenna pattern. In addition, the concept is very simple and inexpensive executable. As the FIGS. 14 and 15 show, more also rectangular slots in the cylinder 2 may be arranged to cover other frequency ranges and / or to stimulate polarization. In FIG. 14 an additional radial slot 11 is provided in the end face and in FIG. 15 a slot 12 in the outer jacket. In FIG. 8 is the gain g for vertical polarization over the elevation angle Θ shown at azimuth angle Φ = 90 °. This signal can either be connected to the in FIG. 3 drawn port P1 or at the decoupled from port P1 port P2 are tapped. Clearly, the desired increase in the gain g to recognize smaller elevation angles.

Die Anregung der Antenne (die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen die Anregungspunkte 5) wird durch vier um 90° phasenverschobene Signale realisiert, die durch ein Speisenetzwerk 13, wie es z. B. in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, erzeugt. Hierbei werden die 4 Signale durch Verwendung von drei 3-dB-Hybriden 1 - 3 in Kombination mit einer 90°- Umwegleitung erzeugt. Im Empfangsfall kann reziprok am Eingang (Figur 3: Port P1) das empfangende linkszirkular polarisierte Signal abgegriffen werden. Durch Variation des Speisenetzwerks 13 oder Vertauschen der Antenneneingänge lassen sich bei gleicher Antennenstruktur auch rechtszirkular polarisierte Felder empfangen. Die Abschlusswiderstände sind in Figur 3 mit R bezeichnet.The excitation of the antenna (the Figures 1 and 2 show the excitation points 5) is realized by four signals phase-shifted by 90 °, by a feed network 13, as z. In FIG. 3 is shown generated. Here, the 4 signals are generated by using three 3 dB hybrids 1 - 3 in combination with a 90 ° detour line. In the case of reception reciprocally at the entrance ( FIG. 3 : Port P1) the receiving left circularly polarized signal are tapped. By varying the feed network 13 or exchanging the antenna inputs, right-circularly polarized fields can also be received with the same antenna structure. The terminators are in FIG. 3 denoted by R.

Die Zuführung der Signale zur Antennenstruktur kann auf verschiedene aus der Literatur bekannten Arten durchgeführt werden. Z.B. sind in Figur 1 die Kontaktstellen 5 einer direkten Anregung dargestellt. Hierbei werden gemäß Figur 4 die Signale mittels Leitungen 14 von dem unter der leitenden Fläche 1 angeordneten Speisenetzwerk 13 isoliert durch die leitende Fläche 1 durchgeführt und den Kontaktstellen direkt zugeführt (Ohmscher Kontakt). Neben der Schlitzbreite kann die Position der Anregung (Figur 1: R_A) zur Einstellung der Antennenimpedanz verwendet werden. Weiterhin kann die Eingangsimpedanz der Antenne beeinflusst werden, indem die Antenne alternativ durch eine Feldkopplung angeregt wird. In Figur 5 ist diese Feldkopplung durch eine Draufsicht schematisch näher dargestellt. Dabei deuten die unterschiedlichen Schraffuren unterschiedliche Höhen (Lagen) innerhalb des Zylinders an. Die Feldkopplung erfolgt durch vier am Ende offene Leitungen 15, die unter den Schlitzen 3 senkrecht zu diesen verlaufen. Durch Überkopplungen der Felder erfolgt die Anregung. Durch Variation der Leitungsbreite und der Länge der offenen Leitungen 15 sowie des Abstand zwischen den Schlitzen 3 und den Leitungen 15 kann die Eingangsimpedanz der Antenne weitgehend beeinflusst werden. Die Pfeile deuten die Anregung der Leitungen an. Zwischen der Leitungsanregung und den sich mit den Schlitzen 3 überlappenden Leitungsabschnitten sind in Figur 5 Anpassglieder 14, beispielsweise in Form von Stichleitungen, dargestellt, die zur Anpassung der Antennenimpedanz an die Leitungsimpedanz dienen. Derartige Anpassglieder können auch bei der direkten Kopplung vorgesehen werden.The supply of the signals to the antenna structure can be carried out in various ways known from the literature. For example, are in FIG. 1 represented the contact points 5 of a direct excitation. Here are in accordance with FIG. 4 the signals by means of lines 14 from the arranged below the conductive surface 1 feed network 13th isolated performed by the conductive surface 1 and the contact points supplied directly (ohmic contact). In addition to the slot width, the position of the excitation ( FIG. 1 : R_A) can be used to adjust the antenna impedance. Furthermore, the input impedance of the antenna can be influenced by alternatively exciting the antenna by field coupling. In FIG. 5 This field coupling is shown schematically by a plan view in more detail. The different hatchings indicate different heights (positions) within the cylinder. The field coupling is carried out by four open at the end lines 15, which extend perpendicular to these under the slots 3. Through coupling of the fields, the excitation takes place. By varying the line width and the length of the open lines 15 and the distance between the slots 3 and the lines 15, the input impedance of the antenna can be largely influenced. The arrows indicate the excitation of the cables. Between the line excitation and the overlapping with the slots 3 line sections are in FIG. 5 Matching elements 14, for example in the form of stubs, shown, which serve to adapt the antenna impedance to the line impedance. Such matching elements can also be provided in the direct coupling.

Claims (13)

  1. Antenna arrangement comprising a conductive hollow cylinder (2) having a cylinder axis and at least one conductive end surface, and a conductive surface (1), wherein the hollow cylinder is fitted to the conductive surface (1), having the following features:
    - radial slots (3) are provided on the end surface of the hollow cylinder (2) facing away from the conductive surface (1), wherein the radial slots run from the centre axis of the hollow cylinder (2) to the external rim of the end surface,
    - the segments (4) formed by the radial slots (3) or the slots themselves, are fed individually,
    - the height of the hollow cylinder (2) is chosen to be in the range of less than half the operating wavelength, such that the radiation characteristic in the area away from the cylinder axis has a higher antenna gain than in the area of the cylinder axis, characterized by
    - an additional rim (9) of the hollow cylinder (9) overhangs the plane of the slots in the emission direction,
    - cutouts (8) are provided in the rim, in the area of the slots (3).
  2. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the antenna arrangement is fed in order to create circular polarization.
  3. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slots (3) are lengthened over the edge of the cylinder (2).
  4. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the antenna arrangement is fed so as to create vertical polarization instead of or in addition to circular polarization.
  5. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that further slots (11, 12) are provided in the cylinder (2) in order to stimulate emission in other frequency ranges and/or with other polarizations.
  6. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slots (3, 11, 12) are rectangular.
  7. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two slots (3), which are arranged at right angles to one another, are provided and each has a length of one cylinder diameter.
  8. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the feed points (5) of the segments (4) are connected to a feed network (13) via conductive contacts.
  9. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the slots (3) can be energized via field couplings.
  10. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 9, characterized in that coupling lines (15) are provided in order to energize the slots (3) via a field coupling, and cross the slots (3) to be energized.
  11. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a feed network (13) is provided under the conductive surface (1) in order to provide a feed from a single radio-frequency source, and is connected via conductive contacts and corresponding bushings in the conductive surface (1) to the feed points (5) for each segment (4) and/or to the coupling lines.
  12. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the feed network (13) has 3dB hybrids, possibly in conjunction with a 90° bypass line, in order to split the energy from the radio-frequency source between the segments (4) and/or coupling lines for desired emission.
  13. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cylinder (2) is filled with a material, and/or is surrounded by this material, which material has a relative dielectric constant of more than 1.
EP06819622A 2005-12-27 2006-11-20 Antenna arrangement and use thereof Expired - Fee Related EP1969674B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510062542 DE102005062542A1 (en) 2005-12-27 2005-12-27 Antenna arrangement for radiation and reception of e.g. satellite digital audio radio service, has cylinder, where height of cylinder is selected such that radiation characteristic in area outside cylinder axis has high antenna gain
PCT/EP2006/068672 WO2007073993A1 (en) 2005-12-27 2006-11-20 Antenna arrangement and use thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1969674A1 EP1969674A1 (en) 2008-09-17
EP1969674B1 true EP1969674B1 (en) 2010-09-01

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EP06819622A Expired - Fee Related EP1969674B1 (en) 2005-12-27 2006-11-20 Antenna arrangement and use thereof

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EP (1) EP1969674B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009521885A (en)
CN (1) CN101346854B (en)
DE (2) DE102005062542A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007073993A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101728645B (en) * 2009-12-25 2014-04-02 山东科技大学 Dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna
US9118116B2 (en) * 2012-12-12 2015-08-25 AMI Research & Development, LLC Compact cylindrically symmetric UHF SATCOM antenna
CN103280624A (en) * 2013-04-09 2013-09-04 广东工业大学 Patch antenna
JP6434816B2 (en) * 2015-01-26 2018-12-05 日本放送協会 ANTENNA DEVICE, RECEPTION DEVICE, AND REFLECTOR ANTENNA DEVICE
CN105119044B (en) * 2015-09-09 2019-01-18 华为技术有限公司 A kind of microstrip antenna and communication device
JP2021192478A (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-16 矢崎総業株式会社 Slot antenna
WO2024012659A1 (en) * 2022-07-12 2024-01-18 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Cavity-slot antenna apparatus and wireless communication apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242685A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-30 Ball Corporation Slotted cavity antenna
US5202697A (en) 1991-01-18 1993-04-13 Cubic Defense Systems, Inc. Low-profile steerable cardioid antenna
US6304226B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2001-10-16 Raytheon Company Folded cavity-backed slot antenna
US6646618B2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2003-11-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low-profile slot antenna for vehicular communications and methods of making and designing same
US6812893B2 (en) * 2002-04-10 2004-11-02 Northrop Grumman Corporation Horizontally polarized endfire array

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Publication number Publication date
DE502006007801D1 (en) 2010-10-14
CN101346854A (en) 2009-01-14
JP2009521885A (en) 2009-06-04
EP1969674A1 (en) 2008-09-17
CN101346854B (en) 2013-05-01
WO2007073993A1 (en) 2007-07-05
DE102005062542A1 (en) 2007-07-05

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