EP1966465B1 - Camshaft adjuster comprising a locking mechanism - Google Patents

Camshaft adjuster comprising a locking mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1966465B1
EP1966465B1 EP06830175A EP06830175A EP1966465B1 EP 1966465 B1 EP1966465 B1 EP 1966465B1 EP 06830175 A EP06830175 A EP 06830175A EP 06830175 A EP06830175 A EP 06830175A EP 1966465 B1 EP1966465 B1 EP 1966465B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
camshaft adjuster
end position
early
internal combustion
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EP06830175A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1966465A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Strauss
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of EP1966465A1 publication Critical patent/EP1966465A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/3445—Details relating to the hydraulic means for changing the angular relationship
    • F01L2001/34483—Phaser return springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine having a locking device, in particular according to the preamble of claims 1 and 3.
  • a locking device is known with a locking pin designed as a locking element, the front end portion is formed cone-shaped and in a "locked
  • the locking pin is spring-loaded and has two hydraulic control surfaces, of which the first front-side control surface is in hydraulic communication with a chamber of the camshaft adjuster and a second hydraulic control surface is in hydraulic engagement with a chamber of the camshaft adjuster. formed by a shoulder of the locking pin control surface is in hydraulic communication with another, oppositely acting chamber of the camshaft adjuster.
  • a locking device in which a locking pin cooperates with a stepped locking groove, wherein different plateaus of the stepped locking groove with different locking positions, such as a most advanced angle, an intermediate position and a most retarded angle, correspond.
  • a locking device in which a first locking pin between an end position "early” and a center position assumes a “locked position”, while a second locking pin can assume a "locked position” between a final position "late” and the center position.
  • the first lock pin With a drop in oil pressure to zero, the first lock pin can be brought into the "locked position” while the second lock pin remains in the "unlocked position”.
  • the inner rotor is adjusted by a drag torque of the camshaft as long as “late” until the first locking pin reaches the center position. At this time, the second locking pin also enters the "locked position".
  • the controller raises the oil pressure in a first oil pressure line, a first working chamber and in the area of the first locking pin. Thereby, the first locking pin is unlocked, while the second locking pin is held in pressure contact with the second center stop. For a transition to a controlled operation, the controller increases the pressure in the second working chamber, thereby also unlocking the second locking pin, so that the inner rotor can move freely.
  • a corresponding locking device is also off US Pat. No. 6,450,137 B2 or EP 0 859 130 A known.
  • locking elements When acting in the end positions according to the invention locking elements it may be single-acting locking elements or a double, redundant locking element, as this is disclosed in the aforementioned non-prepublished patent application of the Applicant, wherein the geometries of the locking element and the receptacle for the locking element from this unpublished prior art the present invention are transferable.
  • a restart of the internal combustion engine after a lock in an end position "early” or “late” can lead to a jerktransportren or more uniform behavior of the internal combustion engine, because by the control times, a decompression of the internal combustion engine takes place.
  • a locking in an end position can be useful only for a targeted parking.
  • An additional lock in a "late” end position can also serve as a kind of "emergency anchor” if the lock does not work in a center position.
  • At least a third locking element is provided, which in a third position, namely in a between the end position “early” and the end position "late” arranged “center position” can be locked.
  • a third locking position By means of such a third locking position, the operating conditions to be expected after switching off the internal combustion engine can be taken into account in even greater detail.
  • the camshaft adjuster in a central position between an end position and the "center position", so that according to the invention the camshaft adjuster has to cover a maximum of half the distance between the end position and the "center position”.
  • an influencing of the position of the camshaft adjuster takes place with switching off the internal combustion engine, for switched-off internal combustion engine or for a restart of the internal combustion engine by a compensation element, in particular a spring, such as a torsion spring or a compression spring acting in the circumferential direction.
  • a compensation element can influence the balance of power at the camshaft adjuster such that when the camshaft adjuster is switched off between the end position "early” and the "center position", an adjustment thereof takes place in the direction of the end position "early". In the end position then the locking of the camshaft adjuster takes place.
  • FIG. 1 shows a camshaft adjuster 10 for an internal combustion engine, in which a drive element 11, which is for example rotatably connected to a sprocket and is driven by a timing chain, opposite to a Output element 12, which is for example non-rotatably coupled to a camshaft 13, in the course of an adjusting movement of the camshaft adjuster 10 about a vertically oriented plane oriented axis of rotation 14 is rotatable defined.
  • working spaces 15 here five
  • are formed which are bounded radially outwards and in both circumferential directions by the drive element 11 and radially inwardly by a lateral surface of the output element 12.
  • Wings 16 of the driven element 11 divide the working spaces 15 into a chamber 17, by means of which an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of the end position "late” 19 takes place, and a chamber 18, in the hydraulic actuation an adjusting movement in the direction of the end position "early” 20th he follows.
  • the camshaft adjuster 10 In the in FIG. 1 outlined position is the camshaft adjuster 10 in a "center position" for which the wings 16 are approximately in the middle between the end position "early” (20) and the end position "late” (19).
  • the camshaft adjuster 10 has a center lock with two locking elements 21, 22.
  • the locking elements 21, 22 respectively lock in different areas between one end position and the middle position, so that both locking elements 21, 22 are locked for reaching the middle position.
  • a detailed description of the operation of such a central locking with two locking pins can, for example, the publications DE 102 53 496 and US Pat. No. 6,450,137 B2 be removed.
  • the locking elements 21, 22 are referred to in the context of the invention as a third locking element.
  • the camshaft adjuster 10 has a first locking element 23, which in the region of the end position "early” 20 can be transferred from an "unlocked position” into a “locked position".
  • a second locking element 24 can be transferred in the end position "late” 19 of the "unlocked position” in the "locked position".
  • the locking elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are in particular an axially movable locking pin, which in the "unlocked position” produces a positive connection between the drive element 11 and the output member 12, while in the “unlocked position” this positive connection is released.
  • the locking pin is in particular spring-loaded in the direction of the "locked position” and can be moved by pressurization in the region of an end face or an associated active surface of the locking pin against the spring loading in the "unlocked position".
  • the first locking element 23 is acted upon by a hydraulic connection 25 from the pressure in a chamber 17, while the second locking element 24 is acted upon via a hydraulic connection 27 to the pressure in a chamber 18.
  • the camshaft adjuster 10 is equipped with a compensation element 27, which influences the balance of power of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of an adjustment in the direction of the end position "early". If this influence is greater than a possible friction torque of the elements to be adjusted at a start of the internal combustion engine and, for example, the camshaft adjuster 10 between the end position "early". 20 and the "center position" turned off, the compensation element 27 can cause an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of the end position "early" 20.
  • a lock can, for example.
  • the end position "early” come into effect, for example, in a V-type internal combustion engine. If in this case a control valve of a bank of the V-type internal combustion engine is blocked by a chip and an adjustment takes place in the direction of the end position "early”, then the camshaft adjuster of the other bank can also be purposefully adjusted and locked “early”. The same applies accordingly for an adjustment in the direction of "late”.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A camshaft adjuster (10) for an internal combustion engine which includes a locking mechanism is provided. At least one locking element (21, 22) which can be locked in the zone of a central position (20) as well as at least one additional locking element (23, 24) that can be locked in the zone of a retarded end position (19) or an advanced end position (20) are provided such that the internal combustion engine can be selectively started from an end position (19, 20) or the central position.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Nockenwellenversteller einer Brennkraftmaschine, der eine Verriegelungseinrichtung aufweist, insbesondere nach dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 3.The invention relates to a camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine having a locking device, in particular according to the preamble of claims 1 and 3.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Bei bekannten hydraulisch wirkenden Nockenwellenverstellern werden die Steuerzeiten einer zugeordneten Brennkraftmaschine durch Beeinflussung der hydraulischen Verhältnisse in entgegengesetzt wirkenden Steuerkammern, die in Richtung einer Verstellung zu einer "frühen Steuerzeit" und einer "späten Steuerzeit" wirken, eingestellt. Unproblematisch ist ein Betrieb derartiger Nockenwellenversteller, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine einen ausreichenden Hydraulikdruck zur Verfügung stellt, so dass die Kammern hinreichend mit dem Hydraulikmedium gefüllt sind. Allerdings hat sich gezeigt, dass bei einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine unter Umständen kein ausreichender Druck des Hydraulikmediums bereitgestellt wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Steuerzeiten nicht den Vorgaben entsprechen oder sich eine instabile Lage des Nockenwellenverstellers einstellt, wodurch sich- "labile" Steuerzeiten ergeben. Weiterhin kann es zu unerwünschten Vibrationen kommen, die neben einem erhöhten Bauteilverschleiß zu einer unerwünschten Geräuschentwicklung führen können.In known hydraulically operated camshaft adjusters, the control times of an associated internal combustion engine are adjusted by influencing the hydraulic conditions in oppositely acting control chambers which act in the direction of an adjustment to an "early control time" and a "late control time". Unproblematic is an operation of such camshaft adjuster, when the internal combustion engine provides a sufficient hydraulic pressure available, so that the chambers are sufficiently filled with the hydraulic medium. However, it has been shown that at a start of the internal combustion engine under certain circumstances, no sufficient pressure of the hydraulic medium is provided. This has the consequence that the timing does not meet the requirements or sets an unstable position of the camshaft adjuster, resulting in "labile" timing. Furthermore, unwanted vibrations can occur, which, in addition to increased component wear, can lead to undesired noise.

Zur Vermeidung derartiger Probleme sind mechanische Verriegelungseinrichtungen bekannt. Aus DE 196 23 818 A1 ist eine Verriegelungseinrichtung bekannt mit einem als Verriegelungspin ausgebildeten Verriegelungselement, dessen vorderer Endbereich konusförmig ausgebildet ist und in einer "verriegelten Stellung" spielfreie Aufnahme in einer im Längsschnitt konischen oder im Querschnitt elliptischen Bohrung eines Deckels des Nockenwellenverstellers findet. Der Verriegelungspin ist federbeaufschlagt und besitzt zwei hydraulische Steuerflächen, von denen die erste, stirnseitige Steuerfläche mit einer Kammer des Nockenwellenverstellers in hydraulischer Verbindung steht und eine zweite, von einem Absatz des Verriegelungspins gebildete Steuerfläche in hydraulischer Verbindung mit einer weiteren, entgegengesetzt wirkenden Kammer des Nockenwellenverstellers steht.To avoid such problems mechanical locking devices are known. Out DE 196 23 818 A1 a locking device is known with a locking pin designed as a locking element, the front end portion is formed cone-shaped and in a "locked The locking pin is spring-loaded and has two hydraulic control surfaces, of which the first front-side control surface is in hydraulic communication with a chamber of the camshaft adjuster and a second hydraulic control surface is in hydraulic engagement with a chamber of the camshaft adjuster. formed by a shoulder of the locking pin control surface is in hydraulic communication with another, oppositely acting chamber of the camshaft adjuster.

Aus DE 101 27 168 A1 ist eine Verriegelungseinrichtung bekannt, bei der ein Verriegelungspin mit einer treppenförmigen Verriegelungsnut zusammenwirkt, wobei unterschiedliche Plateaus der treppenförmigen Verriegelungsnut mit unterschiedlichen Verriegelungsstellungen, beispielsweise einem am weitesten voreilenden Winkel, einer Zwischenstellung und einem am weitesten nacheilenden Winkel, korrespondieren.Out DE 101 27 168 A1 a locking device is known in which a locking pin cooperates with a stepped locking groove, wherein different plateaus of the stepped locking groove with different locking positions, such as a most advanced angle, an intermediate position and a most retarded angle, correspond.

Aus DE 102 53 496 ist eine Verriegelungseinrichtung bekannt, bei der ein erster Verriegelungspin zwischen einer Endlage "früh" und einer Mittenstellung eine "verriegelte Stellung" einnimmt, während ein zweiter Verriegelungspin eine "verriegelte Stellung" zwischen einer Endstellung "spät" und der Mittenstellung einnehmen kann. Mit einem Absinken eines Öldruckes auf Null kann der erste Verriegelungspin in die "verriegelte Stellung" gebracht werden, während der zweite Verriegelungspin weiterhin in der "entriegelten Stellung" verbleibt. Bei einem Anlassen der Brennkraftmaschine wird der Innenrotor durch ein Schleppmoment der Nockenwelle solange nach "spät" verstellt, bis der erste Verriegelungspin die Mittenstellung erreicht. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gelangt auch der zweite Verriegelungspin in die "verriegelte Stellung". Nach erfolgtem Motorstart hebt der Regler den Öldruck in einer ersten Öldruckleitung, einer ersten Arbeitskammer und im Bereich des ersten Verriegelungspins. Dadurch wird der erste Verriegelungspin entriegelt, während der zweite Verriegelungspin in Druckkontakt mit dem zweiten Mittenanschlag gehalten wird. Für einen Übergang auf einen geregelten Betrieb erhöht der Regler den Druck in der zweiten Arbeitskammer, wodurch auch der zweite Verriegelungspin entriegelt wird, so dass sich der Innenrotor frei bewegen kann. Eine entsprechende Verriegelungseinrichtung ist auch aus US 6,450,137 B2 oder EP 0 859 130 A bekannt.Out DE 102 53 496 a locking device is known in which a first locking pin between an end position "early" and a center position assumes a "locked position", while a second locking pin can assume a "locked position" between a final position "late" and the center position. With a drop in oil pressure to zero, the first lock pin can be brought into the "locked position" while the second lock pin remains in the "unlocked position". When starting the internal combustion engine, the inner rotor is adjusted by a drag torque of the camshaft as long as "late" until the first locking pin reaches the center position. At this time, the second locking pin also enters the "locked position". After the engine has started, the controller raises the oil pressure in a first oil pressure line, a first working chamber and in the area of the first locking pin. Thereby, the first locking pin is unlocked, while the second locking pin is held in pressure contact with the second center stop. For a transition to a controlled operation, the controller increases the pressure in the second working chamber, thereby also unlocking the second locking pin, so that the inner rotor can move freely. A corresponding locking device is also off US Pat. No. 6,450,137 B2 or EP 0 859 130 A known.

Aus DE 199 18 910 A1 ist eine Verriegelungseinrichtung bekannt, die zwei in radialer Stellrichtung betätigbare Verriegelungspins aufweist.Out DE 199 18 910 A1 a locking device is known which has two operable in the radial direction locking pins.

Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin mit dem internen Aktenzeichen der Anmelderin E 2004 255 mit dem Titel "Verriegelungseinrichtung für einen Nockenwellenversteller einer Brennkraftmaschine" ist es bekannt, eine Verriegelung in einer Endlage des Nockenwellenverstellers mit zwei Verriegelungspins durchzuführen, die unterschiedliche Umfangsspiele aufweisen und von unterschiedlichen Kammern des Nockenwellenverstellers beaufschlagt werden.From the not previously published patent application of the applicant with the internal file number of the applicant E 2004 255 entitled "locking device for a camshaft adjuster an internal combustion engine", it is known to perform a locking in an end position of the camshaft adjuster with two locking pins having different circumferential play and of different Chambers of the camshaft adjuster are acted upon.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verriegelungseinrichtung vorzuschlagen, welche

  • ein sicheres Verriegeln bei einem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine,
  • ein sicheres Entriegeln je nach Bedarf,
  • eine zuverlässige Vermeidung von ungewolltem, zu frühem Entriegeln und/oder
  • eine vorteilhafte Verriegelungsposition für einen Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine
gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to propose a locking device, which
  • a secure locking when stopping the internal combustion engine,
  • a secure unlocking as needed,
  • a reliable avoidance of unwanted, too early unlocking and / or
  • an advantageous locking position for a restart of the internal combustion engine
guaranteed.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1 und 3gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich entsprechend bevorzugter Ausgestaltungen gemäß den abhängigen Patentansprüchen 2 sowie 4 und 5.According to the invention the object is solved by the features of independent claims 1 and 3. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent according to preferred embodiments according to the dependent claims 2 and 4 and 5.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt eine Verriegelung des Nockenwellenverstellers durch eine wahlweise Verriegelung im Bereich einer Endlage "früh" und einer Endlage "spät". Eine derartige Endlagenverriegelung hat gegenüber einer Mittenverriegelung den Vorteil, dass durch die Endlage ohnehin der Nockenwellenversteller in eine Richtung festgelegt ist, so dass das in der Endlage wirksame Verriegelungselement lediglich die Verstellung in eine Verstellrichtung blockieren oder verriegeln muss. Andererseits hat sich gezeigt, dass in ausgewählten Betriebssituationen ein Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine aus einer der Endlagen u. U. vorteilhafter ist als ein Neustart aus einer "Mittenlage", beispielsweise für einen Einsatz der Brennkraftmaschine in einem Hybridantrieb.According to a locking of the camshaft adjuster by an optional locking in the range of an end position "early" and an end position "late". Such Endlagenverriegelung has the advantage over a central locking that anyway the camshaft adjuster is fixed in one direction by the end position, so that the effective locking in the end position locking element must block or lock the adjustment in an adjustment only. On the other hand, it has been shown that in selected operating situations, a restart of the internal combustion engine from one of the end positions u. U. is more advantageous than a restart from a "center position", for example, for use of the internal combustion engine in a hybrid drive.

Eine Beeinflussung des Stellwinkels im Zusammenhang mit der Herbeiführung einer Verriegelungsposition kann auf unterschiedliche (alternative oder kumulative) Weisen erfolgen:

  1. a) Vor einem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine kann durch geeignete Beaufschlagung der Kammern des Nockenwellenverstellers eine gezielte Verstellung des Nockenwellenverstellers zur Vorbereitung der Verriegelung herbeigeführt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Brennkraftmaschine gezielt in einer Endlage "früh" oder einer Endlage "spät" abgestellt werden.
    Hierbei kann bei der Wahl der angesteuerten Endlage der zukünftige, zu erwartende Betrieb und damit eine Vorhersage, ob die Brennkraftmaschine dann mit vor- oder nacheilenden Öffnungs- und Schließzeiten betrieben werden soll, berücksichtigt werden. Zum Einsatz kommen kann in diesem Zusammenhang auch ein "Prädiktorverfahren", mittels dessen eine Vorhersage darüber getroffen werden soll, welche Verriegelung in einem zukünftigen Betriebszustand vorteilhaft sein könnte. Beispielsweise kann, auch für einen Hybrid-Antrieb, eine Unterscheidung oder Abschätzung dahingehend erfolgen, ob die Brennkraftmaschine nur für einen kurzen Zeitraum, bspw. für einen Start-Stop-Betrieb, abgestellt wird oder ein Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine für einen längeren Zeitraum erwünscht ist. Lediglich beispielhaft könnte ein derartiges Prädiktorverfahren darin bestehen, dass einen Drehzahl eines Fahrzeugrades gemeinsam mit dem Auftreten eines Schubbetriebes überwacht wird, woraus eine Unterscheidung für eine Annäherung des Kraftfahrzeuges an eine Kreuzung einerseits und einen Parkvorgang andererseits erfolgen kann.
  2. b) Weiterhin kann eine separate Stelleinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die den Nockenwellenversteller mit oder nach Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine in eine gezielte Stellung im Bereich einer Endlage bringt.
  3. c) Eine Veränderung der Stellung des Nockenwellenverstellers kann sich durch Schwingungen oder Pulsationen ergeben, für die der Rotor relativ zu dem Stator in beide Stellrichtungen bewegt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann es sich um Pulsationen für die Beaufschlagung der Kammern, Schwingungen infolge des Betriebs der Nockenwelle o. ä. handeln.
  4. d) Ebenfalls kann mit der ersten Phase des Neustarts der Brennkraftmaschine eine Verstellung in Richtung der Verriegelungsposition eintreten, für die mindestens eine der Kammern mit einem geringen, weit unterhalb des Arbeitsdrucks liegenden Arbeitsdruck beaufschlagt wird, was in einer allmählichen Annäherung an eine Verriegelungsposition korrelieren kann.
  5. e) Mit einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine wirken auf die Nockenwelle Reibmomente. Bei Antrieb des Nockenwellenverstellers bleibt infolge der vorgenannten Reibmomente die Nockenwelle zurück, so dass sich eine automatische Verstellung des Nockenwellenverstellers in Richtung "spät" ergeben kann.
Influence on the adjustment angle in connection with the establishment of a locking position can take place in different (alternative or cumulative) ways:
  1. a) Before stopping the engine can be brought about by suitable loading of the chambers of the camshaft adjuster targeted adjustment of the camshaft adjuster in preparation for locking. For example, the internal combustion engine can be selectively turned off in an end position "early" or an end position "late".
    In this case, in the choice of the controlled end position, the future, expected operation and thus a prediction of whether the internal combustion engine is to be operated with leading or lagging opening and closing times, are taken into account. In this context, a "predictive method" can also be used, by means of which a prediction is to be made about which locking could be advantageous in a future operating state. For example, even for a hybrid drive, a distinction or estimate can be made as to whether the internal combustion engine for only one short period, eg. For a start-stop operation, is turned off or a shutdown of the internal combustion engine for a longer period is desired. By way of example only, such a predictive method could be that a speed of a vehicle wheel is monitored together with the occurrence of a pushing operation, from which a distinction for an approach of the motor vehicle to an intersection on the one hand and a parking operation on the other hand can take place.
  2. b) Furthermore, a separate adjusting device may be provided which brings the camshaft adjuster with or after switching off the internal combustion engine in a targeted position in the range of an end position.
  3. c) A change in the position of the camshaft adjuster may result from vibrations or pulsations for which the rotor can be moved relative to the stator in both directions of adjustment. For example, it may be pulsations for the loading of the chambers, vibrations due to the operation of the camshaft o. Ä.
  4. d) Also, with the first phase of the restart of the internal combustion engine, an adjustment can occur in the direction of the locking position, for which at least one of the chambers is subjected to a low, far below the working pressure working pressure, which can correlate in a gradual approach to a locking position.
  5. e) With a start of the internal combustion engine acting on the camshaft friction. When the camshaft adjuster is driven, the camshaft remains due to the abovementioned friction moments, so that an automatic adjustment of the camshaft adjuster can result in the direction "late".

Bei den in den Endlagen erfindungsgemäß wirkenden Verriegelungselementen kann es sich um einfach wirkende Verriegelungselemente handeln oder um ein doppeltes, redundantes Verriegelungselement, wie dieses in der eingangs genannten nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin offenbart ist, wobei auch die Geometrien des Verriegelungselements und der Aufnahme für das Verriegelungselement aus diesem nicht vorveröffentlichten Stand der Technik auf die vorliegende Erfindung übertragbar sind.When acting in the end positions according to the invention locking elements it may be single-acting locking elements or a double, redundant locking element, as this is disclosed in the aforementioned non-prepublished patent application of the Applicant, wherein the geometries of the locking element and the receptacle for the locking element from this unpublished prior art the present invention are transferable.

Ein Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine nach einer Verriegelung in einer Endlage "früh" oder "spät" kann zu einem ruckfreieren oder gleichmäßigeren Verhalten der Brennkraftmaschine führen, weil durch die Steuerzeiten eine Dekompression der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt. Eine Verriegelung in einer Endlage kann hierbei nur für ein gezieltes Abstellen sinnvoll sein. Eine zusätzliche Verriegelung in einer Endlage "spät" kann auch als eine Art "Notanker" dienen, falls die Verriegelung in einer Mittenposition nicht funktioniert.A restart of the internal combustion engine after a lock in an end position "early" or "late" can lead to a jerkfreieren or more uniform behavior of the internal combustion engine, because by the control times, a decompression of the internal combustion engine takes place. A locking in an end position can be useful only for a targeted parking. An additional lock in a "late" end position can also serve as a kind of "emergency anchor" if the lock does not work in a center position.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist mindestens ein drittes Verriegelungselement vorgesehen, welches in einer dritten Lage, nämlich in einer zwischen der Endlage "früh" und der Endlage "spät" angeordneten "Mittenlage" verriegelbar ist. Durch eine derartige dritte Verriegelungsposition kann den nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine zu erwartenden Betriebsbedingungen noch detaillierter Rechnung getragen werden. Andererseits ist im ungünstigsten Fall mit einer Deaktivierung der Brennkraftmaschine der Nockenwellenversteller in einer mittigen Position zwischen einer Endlage und der "Mittenlage", so dass erfindungsgemäß der Nockenwellenversteller maximal die Hälfte des Abstands zwischen der Endlage und der "Mittenlage" zurücklegen muss. Somit erfolgt auch für kleine Bewegungen des Nockenwellenverstellers bereits ein Erreichen einer eine Verriegelung ermöglichenden Endlage, so dass bspw. auch bei kleinen Pulsationen eine Verriegelung gewährleistet werden kann und u. U. der Nockenwellenversteller mit einer verkleinerten kinetischen Energie die Verriegelungsposition erreicht.According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least a third locking element is provided, which in a third position, namely in a between the end position "early" and the end position "late" arranged "center position" can be locked. By means of such a third locking position, the operating conditions to be expected after switching off the internal combustion engine can be taken into account in even greater detail. On the other hand, in the worst case with a deactivation of the internal combustion engine, the camshaft adjuster in a central position between an end position and the "center position", so that according to the invention the camshaft adjuster has to cover a maximum of half the distance between the end position and the "center position". Thus, even for small movements of the camshaft adjuster, a reaching a lock enabling end position, so that, for example, even with small pulsations locking can be ensured and u. U. the camshaft adjuster reaches the locking position with a reduced kinetic energy.

Bei einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwellenverstellers erfolgt eine Beeinflussung der Stellung des Nockenwellenverstellers mit Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine, für abgeschaltete Brennkraftmaschine oder für einen Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine durch ein Kompensationselement, insbesondere eine Feder, wie eine Torsionsfeder oder eine in Umfangsrichtung wirkende Druckfeder. Ein derartiges Kompensationselement kann die Kräfteverhältnisse an dem Nockenwellenversteller derart beeinflussen, dass bei Abstellen des Nockenwellenverstellers zwischen der Endlage "früh" und der "Mittenlage" eine Verstellung desselben in Richtung der Endlage "früh" erfolgt. In der Endlage erfolgt dann die Verriegelung des Nockenwellenverstellers.In a further development of the camshaft adjuster according to the invention, an influencing of the position of the camshaft adjuster takes place with switching off the internal combustion engine, for switched-off internal combustion engine or for a restart of the internal combustion engine by a compensation element, in particular a spring, such as a torsion spring or a compression spring acting in the circumferential direction. Such a compensation element can influence the balance of power at the camshaft adjuster such that when the camshaft adjuster is switched off between the end position "early" and the "center position", an adjustment thereof takes place in the direction of the end position "early". In the end position then the locking of the camshaft adjuster takes place.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und der Beschreibung. Weitere Merkmale sind den Zeichnungen - insbesondere den dargestellten Geometrien und den relativen Abmessungen mehrerer Bauteile zueinander sowie deren relativer Anordnung und Wirkverbindung - zu entnehmen. Die Kombination von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen der Erfindung oder von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche abweichend von den gewählten Rückbeziehungen ist ebenfalls möglich und wird hiermit angeregt. Dies betrifft auch solche Merkmale, die in separaten Zeichnungsfiguren dargestellt sind oder bei deren Beschreibung genannt werden. Diese Merkmale können auch mit Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche kombiniert werden.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description. Further features are the drawings - in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to each other and their relative arrangement and operative connection - refer. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or features of different claims differing from the chosen relationships is also possible and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawing figures or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung und der zugehörigen Zeichnung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einem Nockenwellenversteller in einem Querschnitt schematisch dargestellt ist.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings in which an embodiment of the invention with a camshaft adjuster is shown schematically in a cross section.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Figur 1 zeigt einen Nockenwellenversteller 10 für eine Brennkraftmaschine, bei dem ein Antriebselement 11, welches beispielsweise drehfest mit einem Kettenrad verbunden ist und von einer Steuerkette angetrieben wird, gegenüber einem Abtriebselement 12, die beispielsweise drehfest mit einer Nockenwelle 13 gekoppelt ist, im Zuge einer Stellbewegung des Nockenwellenverstellers 10 um eine vertikal zur Zeichenebene orientierte Rotationsachse 14 definiert verdrehbar ist. In dem Antriebselement 11 sind Arbeitsräume 15 (hier fünf) gebildet, die radial nach außen sowie in beide Umfangsrichtungen durch das Antriebselement 11 sowie radial nach innen durch eine Mantelfläche des Abtriebselementes 12 begrenzt sind. Flügel 16 des Abtriebselementes 11 unterteilen die Arbeitsräume 15 in eine Kammer 17, mittels welcher eine Verstellung des Nockenwellenverstellers 10 in Richtung der Endlage "spät" 19 erfolgt, sowie eine Kammer 18, bei deren hydraulischer beaufschlagung eine Stellbewegung in Richtung der Endlage "früh" 20 erfolgt. In der in Figur 1 skizzierten Stellposition befindet sich der Nockenwellenversteller 10 in einer "Mittenstellung", für die sich die Flügel 16 ungefähr mittig zwischen der Endlage "früh" (20) und der Endlage "spät" (19) befinden. FIG. 1 shows a camshaft adjuster 10 for an internal combustion engine, in which a drive element 11, which is for example rotatably connected to a sprocket and is driven by a timing chain, opposite to a Output element 12, which is for example non-rotatably coupled to a camshaft 13, in the course of an adjusting movement of the camshaft adjuster 10 about a vertically oriented plane oriented axis of rotation 14 is rotatable defined. In the drive element 11 working spaces 15 (here five) are formed, which are bounded radially outwards and in both circumferential directions by the drive element 11 and radially inwardly by a lateral surface of the output element 12. Wings 16 of the driven element 11 divide the working spaces 15 into a chamber 17, by means of which an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of the end position "late" 19 takes place, and a chamber 18, in the hydraulic actuation an adjusting movement in the direction of the end position "early" 20th he follows. In the in FIG. 1 outlined position is the camshaft adjuster 10 in a "center position" for which the wings 16 are approximately in the middle between the end position "early" (20) and the end position "late" (19).

Der Nockenwellenversteller 10 besitzt eine Mittenverriegelung mit zwei Verriegelungselementen 21, 22. Die Verriegelungselemente 21, 22 verriegeln jeweils in unterschiedlichen Bereichen zwischen jeweils einer Endlage und der Mittenlage, so dass beide Verriegelungselemente 21, 22 für das Erreichen der Mittellage verriegelt sind. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Wirkungsweise einer derartigen Mittenverriegelung mit zwei Verriegelungspins kann beispielsweise den Druckschriften DE 102 53 496 und US 6,450,137 B2 entnommen werden. Die Verriegelungselemente 21, 22 sind im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung auch als drittes Verriegelungselement bezeichnet.The camshaft adjuster 10 has a center lock with two locking elements 21, 22. The locking elements 21, 22 respectively lock in different areas between one end position and the middle position, so that both locking elements 21, 22 are locked for reaching the middle position. A detailed description of the operation of such a central locking with two locking pins can, for example, the publications DE 102 53 496 and US Pat. No. 6,450,137 B2 be removed. The locking elements 21, 22 are referred to in the context of the invention as a third locking element.

Weiterhin besitzt de Nockenwellenversteller 10 ein erstes Verriegelungselement 23, welches im Bereich der Endlage "früh" 20 von einer "entriegelten Stellung" in eine "verriegelte Stellung" überführbar ist. Ein zweites Verriegelungelement 24 kann in der Endlage "spät" 19 von der "entriegelten Stellung" in die "verriegelte Stellung" überführt werden.Furthermore, the camshaft adjuster 10 has a first locking element 23, which in the region of the end position "early" 20 can be transferred from an "unlocked position" into a "locked position". A second locking element 24 can be transferred in the end position "late" 19 of the "unlocked position" in the "locked position".

Bei den Verriegelungselementen 21, 22, 23, 24 handelt es sich insbesondere um einen axial beweglichen Verriegelungspin, der in der "entriegelten Stellung" eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Antriebselement 11 und dem Abtriebselement 12 herstellt, während in der "entriegelten Stellung" diese formschlüssige Verbindung gelöst ist. Hierzu ist der Verriegelungspin insbesondere federbelastet in Richtung der "verriegelten Stellung" und kann durch Druckbeaufschlagung im Bereich einer Stirnfläche oder einer zugeordneten Wirkfläche des Verriegelungspins entgegen der Federbeaufschlagung in die "entriegelte Stellung" verbracht werden. Gemäß dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das erste Verriegelungselement 23 über eine hydraulische Verbindung 25 von dem Druck in einer Kammer 17 beaufschlagt, während das zweite Verriegelungselement 24 über eine hydraulische Verbindung 27 mit dem Druck in einer Kammer 18 beaufschlagt ist.The locking elements 21, 22, 23, 24 are in particular an axially movable locking pin, which in the "unlocked position" produces a positive connection between the drive element 11 and the output member 12, while in the "unlocked position" this positive connection is released. For this purpose, the locking pin is in particular spring-loaded in the direction of the "locked position" and can be moved by pressurization in the region of an end face or an associated active surface of the locking pin against the spring loading in the "unlocked position". According to the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the first locking element 23 is acted upon by a hydraulic connection 25 from the pressure in a chamber 17, while the second locking element 24 is acted upon via a hydraulic connection 27 to the pressure in a chamber 18.

Für das in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Nockenwellenversteller 10 mit einem Kompensationselement 27 ausgestattet, welches die Kräfteverhältnisse des Nockenwellenverstellers 10 in Richtung einer Verstellung in Richtung der Endlage "früh" beeinflusst. Ist diese Beeinflussung größer als ein etwaiges Reibmoment der zu verstellenden Elemente bei einem Start der Brennkraftmaschine und wurde beispielsweise der Nockenwellenversteller 10 zwischen der Endlage "früh". 20 und der "Mittenlage" abgestellt, so kann das Kompensationselement 27 eine Verstellung des Nockenwellenverstellers 10 in Richtung der Endlage "früh" 20 bewirken.For the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the camshaft adjuster 10 is equipped with a compensation element 27, which influences the balance of power of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of an adjustment in the direction of the end position "early". If this influence is greater than a possible friction torque of the elements to be adjusted at a start of the internal combustion engine and, for example, the camshaft adjuster 10 between the end position "early". 20 and the "center position" turned off, the compensation element 27 can cause an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster 10 in the direction of the end position "early" 20.

Auch ohne Einsatz einer Kompensationsfeder kann eine Verriegelung bspw. in der Endlage "früh" zur Wirkung kommen, bspw, bei einer V-Brennkraftmaschine. Ist hierbei ein Steuerventil einer Bank der V-Brennkraftmaschine durch einen Span blockiert und erfolgt eine Verstellung in Richtung der Endlage "früh", dann kann der Nockenwellenversteller der anderen Bank auch gezielt nach "früh" verstellt und verriegelt werden. Das Gleiche gilt entsprechend für eine Verstellung in Richtung "spät".Even without the use of a compensation spring, a lock can, for example. In the end position "early" come into effect, for example, in a V-type internal combustion engine. If in this case a control valve of a bank of the V-type internal combustion engine is blocked by a chip and an adjustment takes place in the direction of the end position "early", then the camshaft adjuster of the other bank can also be purposefully adjusted and locked "early". The same applies accordingly for an adjustment in the direction of "late".

Für eine Auslegung der Kompensationsfeder gibt es unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten:

  • Die Kompensationsfeder kann hinreichend stark ausgelegt werden, so dass für Abfall oder Fehlen des Druckes immer eine Verstellung in Richtung der Endlage erfolgt.
  • Andererseits können die Schleppmomente in der Brennkraftmaschine so groß werden, dass eine sichere Verstellung in der Endlage durch die Kompensationsfeder allein nicht oder nicht immer gewährleistet wird. Die Kompensationsfeder funktioniert dann unter normalen Motorbetriebsbedingungen u. U. sehr gut, während unter extremen Bedingungen (z. B. Motorabwürgen, Kaltstart) die Kompensationsfeder lediglich unterstützend wirkt.
There are different possibilities for a design of the compensation spring:
  • The compensation spring can be designed sufficiently strong, so that always takes place for waste or lack of pressure an adjustment in the direction of the end position.
  • On the other hand, the drag torques in the internal combustion engine can become so great that a safe adjustment in the end position by the compensation spring alone is not or not always guaranteed. The compensation spring will then operate under normal engine operating conditions. Very good, while under extreme conditions (eg., Engine stall, cold start), the compensation spring acts only supportive.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
NockenwellenverstellerPhaser
1111
Antriebselementdriving element
1212
Abtriebselementoutput element
1313
Nockenwellecamshaft
1414
Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
1515
Arbeitsraumworking space
1616
Flügelwing
1717
Kammer "spät"Chamber "late"
1818
Kammer "früh"Chamber "early"
1919
Endlage "spät"End position "late"
2020
Endlage "früh"End position "early"
2121
Verriegelungselementlocking element
2222
Verriegelungselementlocking element
2323
erstes Verriegelungselementfirst locking element
2424
zweites Verriegelungselementsecond locking element
2525
Verbindungconnection
2626
Verbindungconnection
2727
Kompensationselementcompensation element

Claims (3)

  1. Camshaft adjuster (10) for an internal combustion engine having
    a) a drive input element (11) and a drive output element (12) which can be moved relative to one another by means of an actuating movement of the camshaft adjuster (10),
    b) a locking device having a first locking element and a second locking element which can in each case be moved from an "unlocked position" into a "locked position" in which the locking elements at least limit the relative mobility between the drive input element (11) and drive output element (12),
    characterized in that
    c) at least one locking element (23, 24) can be moved into the "locked position" in an "early" end position or "late", and
    d) at least one third locking element (21, 22) is provided which can be moved from the "unlocked position" into the "locked position" in a "central position" arranged between the "early" end position (20) and the "late" end position (19).
  2. Camshaft adjuster (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that a compensating element (27) is interposed between the drive input element (11) and the drive output element (12), which compensating element (27), for an operating state in which the camshaft adjuster (10) is situated between the "early" end position (20) and the "central position", brings about an adjustment in the direction of the "early" end position (20) in which the first locking element (23) can then be moved from the "unlocked position" into the "locked position".
  3. Camshaft adjuster (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first locking element (23), for the "early" end position (20), is acted on by a working pressure in a chamber (17) which is assigned to an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster (10) in the direction of the "late" end position (19), while the second locking element (24), for the "late" end position (19), is acted on by a working pressure in a chamber (18) which is assigned to an adjustment of the camshaft adjuster in the direction of the "early" end position (20).
EP06830175A 2005-12-20 2006-11-29 Camshaft adjuster comprising a locking mechanism Active EP1966465B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005060829A DE102005060829A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Camshaft adjuster with a locking device
PCT/EP2006/069026 WO2007071528A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-11-29 Camshaft adjuster comprising a locking mechanism

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EP1966465A1 EP1966465A1 (en) 2008-09-10
EP1966465B1 true EP1966465B1 (en) 2011-05-18

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JP (1) JP5147718B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101336467B1 (en)
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JP6221694B2 (en) * 2013-11-29 2017-11-01 アイシン精機株式会社 Valve timing control device
CN109209548B (en) 2017-06-30 2022-01-25 博格华纳公司 Variable camshaft timing device with two locking positions

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ATE510111T1 (en) 2011-06-15
CN101341314B (en) 2012-12-26
KR20080079654A (en) 2008-09-01
CN101341314A (en) 2009-01-07
WO2007071528A1 (en) 2007-06-28
KR101336467B1 (en) 2013-12-04
EP1966465A1 (en) 2008-09-10
JP2009520150A (en) 2009-05-21
JP5147718B2 (en) 2013-02-20
US20080289595A1 (en) 2008-11-27
US7934479B2 (en) 2011-05-03
DE102005060829A1 (en) 2007-07-05

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