Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
  • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
  • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
  • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

• the field of the invention is that of air conditioning or air conditioning systems using solar energy. More specifically, the invention relates to an autonomous refrigeration production unit operating all year exclusively or mainly from solar energy, and which has been provided with a regulation device so as to ensure satisfactory average energy performance of the solar energy. on at least part of the daytime period.
• absorption means also known as absorption or abbreviated absorption refrigeration machines
• absorption or abbreviated absorption refrigeration machines fed with heat absorbed by solar collectors
• a second known disadvantage of these refrigerating production units is of course an operation depending on the periods of sunshine.
• a first technique of the prior art provides for associating with such a unit a complementary device supplying heat to the boiler forming means of the absorption machine, for example a gas or fuel boiler burner, or an electric heating resistor. in order to compensate for periods when there is not enough sunlight.
• a second technique is to accumulate water heated by an electrical resistance in a storage tank during periods of hollow electrical consumption to restore it during periods when the sun is insufficient.
• the disadvantage of a dependence vis-à-vis the rate of sunshine typically leads to consider that the solar energy supply can be a supplementary supply of heat.
• the exploitation of solar energy is made more difficult by the temperature levels reached which are lower than those obtained with a burner or an electrical resistance.
• a recurring additional problem is to be able to reduce the periods of start-up of such refrigerating production units to suitable durations.
• a first known technical solution provides to use vacuum solar collectors whose thermal performance can heat the fluid flowing in the sensors at temperatures higher than those reached in other types of solar collectors so as to counter the thermal inertia resulting from the heating of the fluid circuit of the refrigerating production unit.
• This technical solution generates a consequent increase in the cost of the refrigerating production unit.
• an object of the invention is to provide a solar unit for autonomous refrigeration production, that is to say without a supplementary heat supply system.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a solar unit for simple refrigeration production and a reduced manufacturing cost.
• the invention also aims to provide a solar refrigeration production unit for air conditioning installation that can cover the needs for air conditioning of premises from the first hours of occupation.
• An object of the invention is also to provide a solar refrigeration production unit that can operate in any season.
• the invention also aims to provide a solar refrigeration production unit whose automated control system is reliable.
• a solar cooling unit for an air conditioning installation said installation including at least a first heat exchanger comprising: absorption means including boiler means and evaporator means, said evaporator means including at least a second heat exchanger and said boiler means including at least a third heat exchanger; a plurality of solar collectors; a first coolant circuit between said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; and a second coolant circuit between said third heat exchanger and said plurality of solar collectors, said second circuit comprising at least one circulation pump supplying heat transfer fluid to said plurality of solar collectors, and at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of said coolant at the output of said plurality of solar collectors.
• such a solar refrigeration production unit includes means for varying the operational flow rate of said circulation pump as a function of the temperature of the fluid detected by said temperature sensor at the output of said plurality of solar collectors.
• the invention proposes an autonomous refrigeration production unit for an air-conditioning installation operating solely from solar energy.
• the second coolant circuit comprises at least one bypass comprising a first branch comprising at least said circulation pump and a second branch, and at least one valve acting on the flow of fluid flowing in said second branch of said bypass.
• the valve acting on the bypass thus directs the heat transfer fluid leaving the solar collectors directly to the input of these sensors to accelerate the heating of the heat transfer fluid.
• This valve also allows control of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing to the boiler means.
• the valve is of the disconnecting valve type or three-way valve operating in all or nothing.
• the valve is of the disconnecting valve type or three-way valve operating in all or nothing.
• it is possible to direct the entire flow of fluid in the branch of the bypass by means of a three-way valve or several shutoff valves.
• the second heat transfer fluid circuit comprises at least heat transfer fluid storage tank means, and at least one three-way valve with progressive opening for distributing the operational flow between the means forming means for absorbing means and the means forming a heat transfer fluid storage tank.
• These energy storage means thus make it possible to extend the operating time of the installation to periods when the sun is insufficient.
• the three-way valve with progressive opening makes it possible to ensure that the heat transfer fluid reaching the storage tank has the required operating temperature.
• the second heat transfer fluid circuit comprises at least a second circulation pump for circulating the heat transfer fluid of the heat transfer fluid storage tank means to the boiler means.
• the plurality of solar collectors comprises at least two solar collectors associated in series and at least two groups of solar collectors associated in parallel.
• the plurality of solar collectors is a plurality of planar solar collectors.
• the first cooling fluid circuit comprises at least a first heat exchanger cooperating with a thermo-cool pump device, and the heat transfer fluid storage tank means are connected to a second heat exchanger cooperating with the thermo-fridge-pump device.
• thermo-fridge-pump device thus increases the autonomy of the refrigerating production unit for a very low power consumption. Moreover, the energy efficiency obtained with the thermo-cooler device is very satisfactory if the heat evacuated by this device is recovered for heating the fluid contained in the means forming a heat transfer fluid storage tank.
• the first cooling fluid circuit comprises at least one cooling fluid storage tank means.
• the storage of a volume of cooling fluid thus makes it possible to compensate for a refrigeration production of the unit that is insufficient relative to the needs for air conditioning.
• the absorption means preferably cooperate with at least one cooling tower.
• the invention also relates to a method of operating a solar refrigeration production unit for air conditioning installation as described above comprising the steps of: circulating the coolant in the plurality of solar collectors;
• the invention also relates to a method of starting a solar refrigeration production unit for air conditioning installation as described above, which comprises the steps of: comparing the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the output of said a plurality of solar collectors at a first set point; operating the circulation pump of the second heat transfer fluid circuit so that the operational flow rate is substantially equal to a first flow rate value if the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the plurality of solar collectors is greater than at the first setpoint; - Adjust the operating flow rate of the circulation pump if the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the output of the plurality of solar collectors is greater than a second reference value according to a law of linear proportionality function of the deviation between the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the output of the plurality of solar collectors and the second setpoint value; maintain the operational flow rate substantially at a maximum flow rate value if the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor is greater than a third setpoint; actuating said at least one valve making
• the invention also relates to a method for implementing a solar cooling production unit for an air conditioning installation as described above, comprising the steps of: acting on the circulation pump so that the operating flow rate of the pump circulation is substantially equal to a maximum flow rate value if the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the output of the plurality of solar collectors is greater than or equal to said third setpoint value and less than a safety setpoint value.
• the flow of heat transfer fluid flowing in the solar collectors is adapted as a function of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the collectors. to maintain this temperature for a longer time than a minimum useful temperature.
• the first flow rate value is between two-tenths and five-tenths of said maximum flow rate value in the steps of the aforementioned start-up and processing methods of the above-mentioned refrigeration unit.
• said third setpoint is between 68 degrees Celsius and 90 degrees Celsius.
• Such a temperature level is adapted to the use of an absorption machine and makes it possible to reduce the heat losses in the second heat transfer fluid circuit given its moderate value.
• the invention also relates to the startup and implementation methods mentioned above, such that the flow of fluid in said second branch of the bypass vanishes if the temperature of the coolant detected by the temperature sensor at the output of the plurality solar collectors is greater than or equal to said fourth setpoint value.
• said fourth setpoint value is greater than or equal to said third setpoint value.
• the invention also relates to a method of implementing a solar refrigeration production unit as described above, and which comprises a step of changing the operating flow rate of the circulation pump in the second branch of the bypass if the temperature heat transfer fluid raised by the temperature sensor at the output of the plurality of solar collectors is less than or equal to a sixth setpoint value less than or equal to the third setpoint value.
• the automaton controls the position changes of the at least one valve for two different temperatures separated by a differential temperature in order to avoid damaging the valve by incessant openings and closings, if the temperature of the heat transfer fluid varies according to periodic oscillations.
• the invention also relates to a starting device of a solar refrigeration production unit for air conditioning installation, said installation including at least a first heat exchanger, said solar unit comprising: absorption means including means forming a boiler and means evaporator forming means, said evaporator means including at least a second heat exchanger and said boiler means including at least a third heat exchanger; a plurality of solar collectors; a first coolant circuit between said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; a second heat transfer fluid circuit between said third heat exchanger and said plurality of solar collectors, said second circuit comprising at least one circulation pump supplying heat transfer fluid to said plurality of solar collectors, and at least one temperature sensor intended to measure the temperature of said heat transfer fluid at the outlet of said plurality of solar collectors, said second heat transfer fluid circuit comprising at least one bypass comprising a first branch comprising at least said circulation pump and a second branch, and at least one valve acting on the flow of fluid flowing in said second branch of said bypass; means for varying the operating flow rate of said circulation pump
• the invention also relates to a device for implementing a solar refrigeration production unit for an air-conditioning installation, said installation including at least a first heat exchanger, said solar unit comprising: absorption means including means forming a boiler and evaporator means, said evaporator means including at least a second heat exchanger and said boiler means including at least a third heat exchanger; a plurality of solar collectors; a first coolant circuit between said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; a second coolant circuit between said third heat exchanger and said plurality of solar collectors, said second circuit comprising at least one circulation pump supplying heat transfer fluid to said plurality of solar collectors, and at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of said coolant at the output of said plurality of solar collectors; means for varying the operational flow rate of said circulation pump as a function of the temperature of the fluid detected by said temperature sensor at the output of said plurality of solar collectors; comprising: means of action on said circulation pump so that the operating flow rate of said circulation pump is substantially equal to a
• the invention also relates to a computer program product downloadable from a communication network and / or stored on a computer readable medium and / or executable by a microprocessor, characterized in that it comprises program code instructions for the performing the steps of the start-up method and / or the implementation methods described above, when executed on a computer or on an autonomous control device.
• FIG. 1 presents a block diagram of a solar refrigeration production unit according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 illustrates a mode of implementation of a network of solar collectors participating in the invention
• FIG. 3 presents the operation and start-up procedure of the unit according to the invention as a function of the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the plurality of solar collectors
• FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a solar refrigeration production unit comprising storage tank means according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a solar refrigeration production unit including a thermo-fridge-pump device according to a third embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the block diagram presented in FIG. 4. It will be noted that a reference number common to all the figures is used in the rest of the description to designate the same object or the same physical quantity.
• the general principle of the invention is based on the use of solar energy to ensure in all seasons the coverage of the needs for air conditioning of premises, or a set of premises, during a minimum period of time. on a part of the daytime period.
• the invention proposes for this a solar unit for autonomous and reliable refrigeration production, a simple and effective implementation.
• FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar refrigeration production unit according to the invention is presented in FIG.
• This unit is intended to supply fan coils of an air conditioning installation 11.
• a first heat exchanger 12 belonging to one of the fan coils of the air conditioning system 11 is shown. in the block diagram of Figure 1.
• This first heat exchanger is connected to a first cooling fluid circuit 13 forming a closed circuit.
• the cooling fluid is glycol water.
• the production unit advantageously maintains the cooling fluid at a temperature between 4 and 12 ° C (4 and 12 degrees Celsius) in established operating mode.
• a coolant circulation pump 14 allows the circulation of the cooling fluid in the first cooling fluid circuit 13.
• the heat received by the cooling fluid through the first heat exchanger 12 of the air conditioning system 11 is discharged from this circuit by the evaporator means 15, also called evaporator, and including a second heat exchanger, an absorption machine 16.
• the unit according to the invention further comprises a plurality of solar collectors 17 collecting the solar energy which is transmitted to a coolant, and more precisely water in this embodiment, circulating by means of a circulation pump 18 in a second heat transfer fluid circuit 19 for supplying heat to the boiler means 110, also called boiler, and including a third heat exchanger, of the absorption machine 16.
• the fluid flow rate of the pump 18, all or part of which circulates in the plurality of solar collectors 17, is regulated according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 111, placed at the output of the plurality of solar collectors.
• reference 111 is used indifferently to designate the temperature sensor 111 and the temperature measured by this sensor.
• the heat received by the boiler and the evaporator of the absorption machine is evacuated by the exchanger 112 which can be cooled by a flow of air or by a circulation of water, for example belonging to the water circuit 114.
• the fluids circulating in the absorption machine are preferably the water-lithium bromide pair and the ammonia-water pair.
• a three-way valve 117 is installed on the second heat transfer fluid circuit 19 between the plurality of solar collectors 17 and the boiler means 110.
• control of the position of the valve 117 is controlled by the automaton 118.
• the valve 117 thus directs the coolant from the solar collectors in the branch 130 to the boiler means 110 if the temperature 111 exceeds or equalizes the temperature 116 or returns this fluid to the input of the solar collectors through a section of circuit, also called bypass 119, if the temperature is below the temperature 116.
• a section of circuit also called bypass 119
• the temperature 116 is greater than 70 degrees Celsius.
• the second heat transfer fluid circuit comprises a portion of a water supply circuit comprising a backflow preventer 120, a check valve 121, a pressure regulator 122 and a sieve filter 123.
• Pressure probes 124 are arranged on the second heat transfer fluid circuit 19 in order to be able to visually check the pressure of the heat transfer fluid in this circuit.
• a vapor-liquid separating bottle 125 equipped with a valve makes it possible to evacuate the residual steam circulating in the second heat transfer fluid circuit.
• the circulation pump 18 is doubled in anticipation of a maintenance interruption and is provided with antivibration isolation sections 126.
• the plurality of solar collectors 17 is arranged in a power supply configuration combining the combination of solar collector groups connected in series 20 and in parallel 21.
• This arrangement makes it possible to take advantage of of a reduction of the pressure losses, thanks to the association of the sensors in parallel, correlated to a suitable temperature rise, ie of several degrees, to the crossing of the solar collectors, which is authorized for the series disposition, without this must reduce the flow through the sensors.
• the solar collectors 20 and 21 are preferably chosen from flat solar collectors whose purchase cost remains acceptable.
• Expansion vessels 22 are placed on the highest points of the circuit so that the solar collectors are always supplied with heat transfer fluid. On the other hand, the expansion vessels 22 can evacuate the residual water vapor. Safety valves 23 mounted on the expansion vessels complete the safety equipment.
• Manually actuated isolation valves 24 and automatic steamers 25 equip each group of sensors arranged in series 20. Thus, it is possible to shut off the coolant circulation in any group of solar collectors 20 in order to perform operations. Maintenance or replacement if a sensor is damaged.
• the solar refrigeration production unit being designed to operate all year round, the number of solar collectors of the plurality of solar collectors installed is obtained in particular, but not exclusively, from forecasts based on the period of sunlight, that is to say, the winter period.
• it is ensured that there is no supernumerary solar collectors for the solar unit according to the invention, in order to limit its cost price.
• the solar gain is greater, there is a risk that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises above the boiling point of the heat transfer fluid in the solar collectors and that steam appears, inevitably causing a loss of efficiency of the sensors.
• a motorized two-way valve 26 controlled according to the temperature of the coolant 111 at the outlet of the plurality of solar collectors is installed on the circuit branch supplying the group 27, to allow the heat transfer fluid circulation in a group 27 of series-mounted solar collectors 20.
• the valve 26 closes, which increases the flow of coolant in the other groups of solar collectors and reduces by therefore the temperature 111.
• the start-up sequence of the installation is presented with reference to FIG. 3.
• This operating mode controlled by the automaton 118, makes it possible to significantly reduce the duration of the heating of the unit to a minimum temperature.
• useful 33 which corresponds to the minimum temperature which must reach the heat transfer fluid in the boiler means 110 to allow the operation of the absorption means.
• the temperature 33 is between 68 and 90 degrees Celsius.
• the circulation pump 18 is started automatically and the coolant begins to circulate in the plurality of solar collectors 17.
• the value of the operating flow of the pump 18 is adjusted substantially to a first flow rate value 310 by the controller 118.
• the first flow rate value 310 is between 20 and 50 percent of the maximum flow value 311 and is advantageously equal to 40 percent of the flow rate. 311.
• the three-way valve 117 is positioned by the controller 118 so as to direct the coolant in the branch of the bypass 119, to return the heat transfer fluid directly to the input of the solar collectors 17, without passing through the means forming boiler 110.
• the temperature 111 exceeds a second setpoint temperature
• the controller acts on the pump to increase the operational flow rate of the pump 18 in proportion to the temperature difference between the temperature 111 and the temperature 32.
• the operational flow rate of the pump 18 is now at its maximum value 311, also called flow rate nominal value.
• the controller 118 sends a setpoint to change the position of the three-way valve 117 and the heat transfer fluid leaving the plurality of solar collectors 17 is directed to the means forming a boiler 110.
• safety devices incorporated in the controller 118 make it possible to stop or prevent the starting of the circulation pump 18, in order to prevent damage to the equipment of the installation.
• boiler means 110 may be damaged if the temperature in the inlet branch of the boiler means exceeds a limit value.
• the temperature of the fluid in the solar collectors may exceed the boiling temperature of the fluid and cause the appearance of water vapor, especially if the circulation pump is stopped and a volume of coolant stagnates in the sensors. In this situation, the automaton automatically controls the stopping of the circulation pump 18 and this pump 18 is started again only if the coolant has sufficiently cooled down and the temperature of the coolant has fallen back below worth 37.
• a time programmer and / or a twilight switch may also be associated on the solar unit according to the invention to control the start time of the unit.
• the three-way valve member 117 In nominal operating mode (shown with reference to FIG. 3), so as to avoid a periodic and close tilt in time, also called pumping, of the three-way valve member 117 between its two positions, it is preferentially provided that if the temperature drops below the temperature 34, the three-way valve changes position to redirect the coolant directly to the inlet of the plurality of solar collectors only if the temperature falls below a temperature 36 a few degrees lower than the temperature. 34.
• the temperature difference between the temperature 34 and the temperature 36 is close to 8 degrees Celsius.
• heat transfer fluid storage tank means 41 also called hot water storage tank, are installed on the heat transfer fluid circuit, as shown in FIG. 4.
• Such a balloon storage is preferably arranged vertically.
• This hot water storage tank 41 advantageously makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of the coolant during the start-up period, to compensate for a decrease in sunshine during the operating regime, and extend the operating hours of the solar refrigeration unit, mainly at the end of the day.
• the heat transfer fluid contained in such a hot water storage tank 41 is used to preheat the boiler means 110 of the absorption machine during the start-up period of the solar refrigeration unit.
• a three-way valve with progressive opening 42 also called mixing valve, makes it possible to distribute the coolant coming from the plurality of solar collectors 17 between the storage tank 41 and the boiler means 110.
• This valve 42 is slaved according to the temperature measured by a temperature sensor 43 placed at the inlet of the boiler means.
• the mixing valve 42 directs all of the heat transfer fluid from the plurality of solar collectors 17 to the boiler means 110.
• the mixing valve 42 passes gradually in the circuit branch 45 the heat transfer fluid from the plurality of solar collectors 17 to the means forming heat transfer fluid storage tank 110.
• the heat transfer fluid flow sent to the storage tank means 41 varies linearly as a function of the difference between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 43 and the set temperature 44.
• a control member 46 is installed between the mixing valve and the storage tank means to prevent the heat transfer fluid from the plurality of solar collectors 17 from cooling the heat transfer fluid contained in the balloon forming means. accumulation 41.
• the average temperature 49 measured in the hot water storage tank 41 is obtained from a sensor preferably placed in the upper part of the storage tank or from a weighted average of several temperatures recorded by a plurality of temperature sensors introduced into the balloon 41 for locally measuring the temperature of the coolant.
• a second circulation pump 411 So as to be able to feed the boiler means 110 from the hot water storage tank 41 with a heat transfer fluid having a suitable temperature when the temperature 111 at the outlet of the plurality of solar collectors is insufficient, that is to say that is lower than the temperature 34, a second circulation pump 411, as well as a three-way valve operating in all or nothing 412, are installed near the boiler means 110.
• the second circulation pump 411 is placed in front of the means forming a boiler and the three-way valve 412 after these same means, taking as a reference the direction of circulation of the coolant.
• the pump 411 is started up for a temperature 49 of the heat transfer fluid contained in the storage tank greater than or equal to the temperature 34 if the temperature 111 at the output of the plurality of solar collectors is lower than the temperature 36.
• the controller 118 intervenes to stop the pump 411 if the heat transfer fluid cools substantially, the temperature 49 becoming lower by a few degrees, and preferably by two degrees at temperature 36, or if the temperature 111 of the coolant at the outlet of the plurality of solar collectors becomes greater than the set temperature 34.
• an alarm incorporated in the controller 118 prevents the start of the second circulation pump 411 if the absorption means are at a standstill.
• the start of the second circulation pump is also controlled by the programmer of the air conditioning system for energy saving.
• the valve 412 has an operation mirroring that of the valve 117. If the temperature 111 becomes higher than the set temperature 34, the valve 412 opens to direct the coolant from the boiler means 110 in the branch 413 to that the coolant returns to the plurality of solar collectors 17. On the contrary, if the temperature 111 becomes lower than the set temperature 34, the valve 412 closes and then directs the heat transfer fluid in the branch 414 to the storage tank d hot water 41.
• the steps of the operating sequence of such a variant of the invention are therefore successively: the rise in temperature of the coolant circulating in the sensors in accordance with the start sequence described above coinciding with a preheating of the boiler means 110 from heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer fluid storage tank means 41; the opening of the three-way valve 117 for distributing the coolant in the branch 130 and for distributing the coolant from the plurality of solar collectors 17 in the boiler means 110; supplying the boiler means 110 with a mixture of heat transfer fluids from the plurality of solar collectors and the hot water storage tank 41; the supply of the boiler means 110 by the heat transfer fluid originating exclusively from the balloon 41.
• means forming a storage tank for cooling fluid. 416 are installed on the branch 417 of the first circuit 13 supplying the first exchanger 12.
• a modulating three-way valve 418 has been placed on the branch 417 to allow storage of the coolant in the accumulator means 416 as soon as the temperature measured by a temperature sensor 419 becomes less than a value. setpoint 420.
• the progressive opening of the valve 418 is controlled by the temperature difference 421 between the temperature 419 and the temperature 420, and obeys, for example, a law of linear evolution as a function of the temperature difference 421.
• the opening of the valve 418 depends on the temperature difference between the temperature 419 and the temperature 422 of the coolant within the coolant storage tank means 416.
• the solar refrigeration production unit according to the invention comprises a thermo-refrigerant pump device 51 in addition to the heat transfer fluid storage tank means 41.
• This device 51 provides additional cooling production to compensate for a lack of sunshine and / or allowing a night operation of the air conditioning system, which increases the autonomy of the unit by avoiding the breakage of the chain. refrigerating production.
• thermo-fridge-pump device 51 makes it possible to heating the heat transfer fluid contained in the heat transfer fluid storage tank means from the heat transferred by the condenser 55 of the device 51.
• thermo-cooler device 51 Another advantage of the thermo-cooler device 51 is to include a subcooling step to obtain coefficients of performance (COP) or ratio between the cooling capacity produced and the electrical power consumption greater than 4, which are particularly interesting in terms of energy.
• COP coefficients of performance
• thermo-fridge-pump device In order to optimize the overall energy efficiency of the solar refrigeration unit, the operation of the thermo-fridge-pump device is advantageously limited in time, and more precisely to the period useful for heating the heat transfer fluid contained in the storage tank. storage.
• Such a device 51 comprises a refrigerant circuit 52, for example R134A, including a compressor 53, two heat exchangers (evaporator 54 and condenser 55), and a thermostatic expansion valve 56 accompanied by a third heat exchanger 57, also called subcooler, to increase the cooling of the refrigerant.
• a refrigerant circuit 52 for example R134A, including a compressor 53, two heat exchangers (evaporator 54 and condenser 55), and a thermostatic expansion valve 56 accompanied by a third heat exchanger 57, also called subcooler, to increase the cooling of the refrigerant.
• thermo-cooler device For the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the heat evacuation of the subcooler is carried out by blowing air.
• the heat exchangers of the thermo-cooler device are of the plate heat exchanger type. However, any other type of heat exchanger allowing a good efficiency of the exchange can be envisaged in a solar refrigeration production unit according to the invention.
• the evaporator 54 of the thermofrepump device is disposed on the branch 58 of the first cooling fluid circuit and cools the fluid leaving the first heat exchanger 12.
• the temperature of the refrigerant contained in the thermo-fridge device -pump is substantially equal to 5 degrees Celsius in the evaporator and 95 degrees Celsius in the condenser.
• the start-up of the compressor 53 of the thermo-cooler device is controlled by the temperatures 419 and 43.
• the controller 118 transmits a command to start the compressor if the temperature 43 is less than or equal to a first set temperature 59 and if the temperature is higher than a second setpoint temperature 510.
• the first setpoint temperature 59 is set at 70 degrees Celsius and the second setpoint temperature 510 is equal to 4 degrees Celsius.
• the controller 118 also controls the stopping of the compressor 53 in the case where: the temperature 43 is greater than a third setpoint temperature
• the temperature 419 is less than or equal to the second set temperature 510.
• thermo-cooler device is further provided with safety controls to maintain the refrigerant pressure at the outlet of the compressor 53 below an upper limit and the refrigerant pressure at the inlet of the compressor 53 above a lower limit. It also comprises a stop command in the event of an observation of an oil fault in the compressor 53.
• the circulation pump is slaved according to a flow transmitter located in the branch of the second coolant circuit located at the inlet of the boiler means 110. The flow transmitter acts on the circulation pump 18 to maintain constant the flow of heat transfer fluid through the boiler means.
• the flow rate of the pump is obviously variable since the circulation pump also ensures the distribution of heat transfer fluid of the heat transfer fluid storage tank means.
• FIG. 4 A variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is illustrated in FIG.
• the implementation of this embodiment requires that the portion of the second heat transfer fluid circuit including the plurality of solar collectors 17, shown in Figure 6, is provided with a first 61 and a second 62 two-way valve all or motorized nothing acting on the flow of heat transfer fluid circulating in groups of solar collectors mounted in series 20 by allowing or on the contrary by preventing the circulation of the coolant respectively in groups 27 and 63.
• control member 46 is not represented in this FIG. 6, its integration with the schematic diagram of FIG. 6 resulting in a substantially obvious explanation of the explanations. mentioned in this document with respect to Figure 4.
• the gradual step-by-step sequencing of the sensor groups of the plurality of solar collectors 17 when the temperature 111 rises comprises the following three successive steps: a step of closing the valve 61 when the temperature 111 reaches a first set point 64; a step of closing the valve 62 when the temperature 111 reaches a second setpoint value 65 greater than the set value 64; a step of securing the entire installation by stopping the pump 18 when the temperature 111 reaches a critical setpoint temperature 65.
• Flow control means circulating in each sensor of a sensor group such as, for example, motorized valves mounted on the input of each sensor, may also be envisaged in another variation of the embodiment of the unit. shown in Figure 6, substantially more sophisticated and more gradual regulation.
• the number and characteristics of the sensors, as well as the number of sensors in each sensor group and the number of motorized three-way valves can be adapted without affecting the generality of the invention.
• a solar heat production unit for heating installation said installation including at least a first heat exchanger, comprising: absorption means including means forming boiler and evaporator means, said evaporator means including at least one at least one second heat exchanger and said boiler means including at least one third heat exchanger; a plurality of solar collectors; a first coolant circuit between said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger; and a second heat transfer fluid circuit between said third heat exchanger and said plurality of solar collectors, said second circuit comprising at least one circulation pump supplying heat transfer fluid to said plurality of solar collectors, and at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of said heat transfer fluid at the output of said plurality of solar collectors; means for varying the operating flow rate of said circulation pump as a function of the temperature of the fluid detected by said temperature sensor at the output of said plurality of solar collectors.
• the plurality of solar collectors of such a heat production unit may further comprise at least two solar collectors associated in series and at least two solar collector groups associated in parallel and / or at least one flat solar collector.
• the second heat transfer fluid circuit may comprise heat transfer fluid storage tank means, and, where appropriate, the first heat transfer fluid circuit of such a heat production unit may comprise at least one first heat exchanger. cooperating with a thermo-cool pump device, the heat transfer fluid storage tank means being connected to a second heat exchanger cooperating with said thermo-cool pump device.
• the technical characteristics and the processes described above relating to a solar refrigeration production unit according to the invention can also be and at least partly implemented in a heat production unit as described above, in particular by replacing the cooling fluid with a heat transfer fluid.

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• 2005
  • 2005-11-30 FR FR0512185A patent/FR2894014B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-11-30 CN CN200680051487A patent/CN101622506A/zh active Pending
  • 2006-11-30 WO PCT/EP2006/069176 patent/WO2007063119A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-11-30 EP EP06819879A patent/EP1963758A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-11-30 US US12/095,651 patent/US20100064699A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-05-29 TN TNP2008000236A patent/TNSN08236A1/fr unknown
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