EP1954998B1 - Induktionsofen - Google Patents

Induktionsofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1954998B1
EP1954998B1 EP05849749.6A EP05849749A EP1954998B1 EP 1954998 B1 EP1954998 B1 EP 1954998B1 EP 05849749 A EP05849749 A EP 05849749A EP 1954998 B1 EP1954998 B1 EP 1954998B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
infiltration
carbon
induction furnace
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05849749.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1954998A1 (de
Inventor
Ralf Siegfried Goller
Giovanni Paolo Pacchiana
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brembo SpA
Original Assignee
Freni Brembo SpA
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Publication date
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Priority to SI200532014T priority Critical patent/SI1954998T1/sl
Publication of EP1954998A1 publication Critical patent/EP1954998A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1954998B1 publication Critical patent/EP1954998B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an induction furnace and in particular to an induction furnace as defined in the preamble of the attached first claim.
  • composite ceramic materials are known for braking applications obtained through infiltrations of silicon into a mixture comprising a plurality of carbon filaments and additives. Said infiltration normally takes place at a temperature in which the silicon is in a molten state.
  • preparation of said composite materials can be carried out by:
  • the semi-finished product is then subjected to an infiltration process which comprises further firing with materials to be infiltrated, in this case silicon. Said firing takes place at a temperature such as to cause melting of the silicon and its infiltration into the pore of the semi-finished product.
  • the above-described infiltration step (which in this case is also called silication) is very time consuming and costly.
  • Said step comprises heating of the silicon to between 1400°C and 1700°C to reach a molten state and a decrease in pressure from 900mbar to 300mbar to facilitate the infiltration process.
  • specific furnaces are used which can supply the desired temperatures and can be placed under vacuum.
  • the furnaces generally used are substantially of two types: the so-called discontinuous or batch furnaces and tunnel furnaces.
  • the batch type furnaces carry out a step to load a quantity of material equal to their capacity, a heating step, a soaking step at a given temperature together with a vacuum for silication and a cooling step.
  • the loading capacity of these furnaces is generally 250 kg of material.
  • the duration of the heating, soaking and cooling cycle varies between 24 and 48 hours in order to allow infiltration which lasts about 10 minutes.
  • This type of furnace besides the structural complexity due to the fact that it has to resist external pressure, has the disadvantage that it must be fully loaded and, therefore, is not convenient for production of small quantities or single workpieces, a disadvantage further aggravated by the fact that it is necessary to wait for at least 24 hours to obtain the product.
  • the tunnel type furnaces foresee loading of the material to be treated in a special loading station, transit in the heating area and unloading from a loading station. Even though they permit a continuous flow of finished material, said furnaces have the disadvantage of a structural complexity even greater than the batch type furnaces: it is sufficient to consider that the material has to transit in an area where a vacuum is present.
  • WO 02075166 A1 discloses an induction crystal-pulling furnace having a crucible and a crucible holder, wherein the crucible holder is a susceptor and is made by carbon/carbon.
  • the object of the present invention is to satisfy that need by providing an infiltration furnace which is economical, structurally simple, with low cycle times and versatile in use.
  • the furnace 1 includes a supporting structure 2 provided with a chamber 3 inside which, by means of an vacuum pump 4 placed outside the chamber 3, a partial vacuum can be formed.
  • a hole 5, made in one of the walls of the supporting structure 2, enables communication between the chamber 3 and the vacuum pump 4.
  • the vacuum pump 4 is such as to bring the working pressure in the chamber 3 from between 800 mbar and 900 mbar to between 0.01 mbar and 500 mbar, and more preferably equal to approximately 2 mbar.
  • the internal walls of the chamber 3 are provided with a thermally insulating lining.
  • said lining comprises graphite felt panels 6 coupled to the internal walls of the chamber 3.
  • the furnace 1 which is particularly an induction furnace, includes an infiltration crucible 7 and a coil 8 placed inside the chamber 3.
  • the inside of the chamber 3 is also provided with supporting elements 9 for the crucible 7 such as to keep the crucible 7 at a distance from the internal walls of the chamber 3 and in particular from the panels 6 of the internal insulation lining of the chamber 3.
  • the coil 8 comprises inductor windings wound around the infiltration crucible 7.
  • the windings of the coil 8 are in contact with some of the walls of the infiltration crucible 7.
  • the windings of the coil 8 could be wound around the infiltration crucible 7 but be placed at a distance from it, for example, they could be adjacent to the panels forming the internal lining 6 of the chamber 3.
  • the coil 8 is formed of a copper pipe wound spirally around the infiltration crucible 7 and filled with a cooling liquid, such as running water, flowing inside it.
  • the coil 8 is fed by an alternating current generator connected to the coil 8 and not shown in the figure.
  • Said generator is such as to output an alternating current signal with a frequency preferably in the range of 1kHz - 30kHz.
  • the infiltration crucible 7 of the induction furnace 1 is made of Carbon/Carbon, and is formed of walls 10, 11, 12 which define an infiltration chamber 13 inside the crucible 7 and such as to house a workpiece 14 in ceramic material to be subjected to infiltration and the material 15 intended to be infiltrated inside the workpiece 14.
  • the walls 10, 11, 12 include an upper plate 10, a lower plate 11 and a lateral annular wall 12 placed between the upper plate 10 and the lower plate 11.
  • the lateral annular wall 12 is a substantially circular wall and the two upper 10 and lower 11 plates are two disk-shaped plates.
  • the type of Carbon/Carbon of which the infiltration crucible is made is preferably long fiber Carbon/Carbon fabric, with a 0/45° orientation in the upper 10 and lower 11 plates and unidirectional in the circumference of the lateral annular wall 12.
  • the density of the Carbon/Carbon used to make the infiltration crucible 7 is comprised between 1 g/cm 3 and 1.9 g/cm 3 , more preferably equal to approximately 1.7 g/cm 3 .
  • infiltration chamber 13 there are suitable supporting means 18 to hold the workpiece 14 suspended over the lower plate 11.
  • the workpiece 14 to be subjected to infiltration is a semi-finished workpiece, ring or disk shaped, and previously subjected to a carbonization step (or pyrolysis) such as to determine the formation of porosity in the workpiece 14.
  • the chamber 13 inside the crucible has a volume approximately twice that of the semi-finished workpiece 14 to be subjected to infiltration, so that the space between the workpiece 14 and the internal walls of the chamber 13 can be filled with the material 15 intended to be infiltrated into the porosity of the workpiece 14.
  • said material 15 is silicon, for example pure silicon, or an alloy of silicon and aluminum or copper, in grains or powder.
  • the lateral annular wall 12 of the infiltration crucible 7 is provided with an insulating lining 16 to prevent or reduce loss of heat accumulated in the infiltration chamber 13 through the lateral wail 12.
  • said insulating lining 16 is an annular layer of lining placed outside the lateral wall 12 and held between the upper plate 10 and the lower plate 11.
  • the semi-finished workpiece 14 in ceramic material is placed inside the infiltration crucible 7 together with the material 15, for example silicon, to be infiltrated into the porosity of the workpiece 14.
  • the vacuum pump 4 is activated to bring the pressure inside the chamber 3 of the furnace 1 from a value of approximately in the range of 800 - 900 mbar to a value of approximately in the range of 0.01 - 250 mbar.
  • the coil 8 is fed by an alternating current signal with a frequency and a strength such as to heat the walls of the crucible 7 and, in particular, the two plates 10 and 11. Said heating takes place as a result of parasite currents induced inside the two plates 10 and 11 by the electromagnetic field produced by the passage of the alternating current in the coil 8.
  • the two plates 10 and 11 transmit heat to the inside of the infiltration chamber 13 until a temperature is reached at which the material to be infiltrated 15 turns into a molten state.
  • the two plates 10 and 11 are heated until a temperature of approximately between 1400°C and 1700°C is reached inside the infiltration chamber 13. In this temperature range, the silicon melts and infiltrates into the porosity of the semi-finished workpiece 14.
  • an induction furnace according to the invention makes it possible to complete infiltration of a semi-finished product in much shorter times than those of the above-described furnaces known in the art.
  • an furnace according to the present invention is able to take the material contained inside it to the infiltration temperature of 1500°C in approximately 10-15 minutes.
  • a furnace according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the infiltration process economically even on single workpieces of small dimensions.
  • the presence of a crucible made in Carbon/Carbon also makes it possible to guarantee excellent resistance of the furnace to high temperatures.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Induktionsofen (1) mit einem Infiltrationstiegel (7) und einer Spule (8), die mit Wicklungen versehen ist, die um den Tiegel (7) herumgewickelt sind, wobei der Tiegel (7) mit Wänden (10, 11, 12) versehen ist, die eine Infiltrationskammer (13) definieren, die angepasst ist, um ein Werkstück (14), das einer Infiltration unterzogen werden soll, und ein Material (15) unterzubringen, das in Porositäten infiltriert werden soll, die in dem Werkstück (14) vorhanden sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - die Infiltrationskammer im Inneren des Tiegels (7) definiert ist;
    - die Wände des Tiegels (7) mit Carbon/Carbon hergestellt sind und durch einen induktiven Effekt durch die Spule (8) erwärmt werden können, um die Infiltrationskammer (13) auf eine derartige Temperatur zu erwärmen, dass ein Schmelzen des Materials (15) ermöglicht wird und eine Infiltration des Materials (15) in das Werkstück (14) ermöglicht wird;
    - die Wände (10, 11, 12) eine obere Platte (10), eine untere Platte (11) und eine seitliche ringförmige Wand (12), die zwischen der oberen Platte (10) und der unteren Platte (11) platziert ist, aufweisen, wobei die seitliche ringförmige Wand (12) eine im Wesentlichen kreisförmige Wand ist und die obere (10) und untere Platte (11) im Wesentlichen scheibenförmigen Platten sind;
    - die Spule angepasst ist, um die Wände und insbesondere die Platten zu erwärmen, wobei das Erwärmen als ein Ergebnis von Störströmen stattfindet, die im Inneren der oberen und der unteren Platte (10, 11) durch ein elektromagnetisches Feld induziert werden, das durch einen Durchgang eines Wechselstroms in der Spule (8) erzeugt wird.
  2. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem das Carbon/Carbon eine Dichte mit einem Wert zwischen 1 g/cm3 und 1,9 g/cm3 aufweist.
  3. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, bei dem das Carbon/Carbon vom langfaserigen Gewebetyp ist.
  4. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 5, bei dem das Carbon/Carbon mit 0/45° in der oberen (10) und unteren Platte (11) ausgerichtet ist und in dem Umfang der seitlichen ringförmigen Wand (12) unidirektional.
  5. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, der ferner eine ringförmige Futterschicht (16) aufweist, die an der Außenseite der seitlichen ringförmigen Wand (12) platziert ist, wobei die Futterschicht zwischen der oberen Platte (10) und der unteren Platte (11) angeordnet ist.
  6. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die Wicklungen der Spule (8) in Kontakt mit einigen der Wände (10, 11) des Tiegels (7) stehen.
  7. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die Spule (8) aus einem Kupferrohr hergestellt ist, das spiralförmig um den Infiltrationstiegel (7) herumgewickelt ist, und derart, dass ein innerer Durchgang einer Kühlflüssigkeit erlaubt wird.
  8. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, der ferner eine Trägerstruktur (2) aufweist, die mit einer Vakuumkammer (3) versehen ist und so den Tiegel (7) und die Spule (8) unterbringt.
  9. Induktionsofen (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem das Werkstück (14) ring- oder scheibenförmig ist, und bei dem die Kammer innerhalb des Tiegels ein Volumen aufweist, das in etwa doppelt so groß ist wie das des Werkstücks (14).
EP05849749.6A 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Induktionsofen Active EP1954998B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200532014T SI1954998T1 (sl) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Indukcijska peč

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2005/000708 WO2007063562A1 (en) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Induction furnace

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1954998A1 EP1954998A1 (de) 2008-08-13
EP1954998B1 true EP1954998B1 (de) 2015-07-15

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ID=36691736

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05849749.6A Active EP1954998B1 (de) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Induktionsofen

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EP (1) EP1954998B1 (de)
SI (1) SI1954998T1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007063562A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1394098B1 (it) * 2009-03-24 2012-05-25 Brembo Ceramic Brake Systems Spa Forno ad induzione e processo di infiltrazione
ITMI20110401A1 (it) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-15 Petroceramics S P A Metodo per l'infiltrazione di un materiale poroso con un secondo materiale e relativo impianto
DE102012208170A1 (de) 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Fct Anlagenbau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines Werkstücks
DE102019118105A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Behältervorrichtung für Metallschmelzen und Fahrzeug

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5858486A (en) * 1995-02-27 1999-01-12 Sgl Carbon Composites, Inc. High purity carbon/carbon composite useful as a crucible susceptor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI1954998T1 (sl) 2015-12-31
EP1954998A1 (de) 2008-08-13
WO2007063562A1 (en) 2007-06-07

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