EP1945143B1 - Valve de réduction du volume pulmonaire bronchoscopique - Google Patents

Valve de réduction du volume pulmonaire bronchoscopique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1945143B1
EP1945143B1 EP06825532.2A EP06825532A EP1945143B1 EP 1945143 B1 EP1945143 B1 EP 1945143B1 EP 06825532 A EP06825532 A EP 06825532A EP 1945143 B1 EP1945143 B1 EP 1945143B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
braided structure
way valve
valve according
proximal end
distal end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06825532.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1945143A1 (fr
Inventor
Claud CLERC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
Original Assignee
Boston Scientific Ltd Barbados
Boston Scientific Ltd Bermuda
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Publication date
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Priority to EP18185945.5A priority Critical patent/EP3424465B1/fr
Publication of EP1945143A1 publication Critical patent/EP1945143A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1945143B1 publication Critical patent/EP1945143B1/fr
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    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
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Definitions

  • Lung volume reduction surgery is one treatment used to relieve the symptoms of emphysema.
  • the surgery creates more room for the patients' lungs by removing portions of the overly distended diseased lung. Up to 20 -30% of each lung may be removed to allow more space for the remaining portion of the lung to inflate. While not a cure for emphysema, the surgery does afford many patients the opportunity to lead healthier, more active lives.
  • Lung volume reduction surgery has been shown to improve pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life and survival rate in selected patients.
  • LVRS is a major surgical procedure with complications and potential morbidity and mortality, and is not suited for patients that may be weak, or otherwise unable to undertake major surgery.
  • a tissue barrier may coaxially surround the conduit such that tissue ingrowth is prevented.
  • the conduits may also include hold-down members and bioactive coatings that serve to prevent ejection of the conduit as well as prevent narrowing of the passageway due to tissue ingrowth.
  • Document US2005/0051163 A1 discloses further lung volume reduction valves.
  • the present invention is directed to a valve to perform lung volume reduction procedures, which comprises a braided structure adapted for endoscopic insertion in a bronchial passage, the braided structure having a proximal end and a distal end, a non porous coating adapted to prevent flow of air through the braided structure, a constricted portion of the braided structure preventing flow of air through a tubular central lumen of said braided structure, and defining a funnel shaped portion thereof, and a valve structure in the form of a one way valve disposed substantially at the constricted portion of the braided structure and adapted to permit flow of mucus from the distal end to the proximal end.
  • the funnel shaped portion is adapted to prevent flow of air from the proximal end to the distal end.
  • healthy portions of the lungs may be compressed by the diseased and enlarged lung portions.
  • the diaphragm of the patient also may be compressed by the enlarged lung tissue, so that taking every breath becomes a difficult and tiring process.
  • the patient is faced with the dual challenges of breathing with only a portion of the lungs being functional, and with the additional difficulty of filling those functional portions with air against the pressure of the enlarged lungs, Conventional LVR surgery has been used to alleviate these difficulties.
  • some of the diseased portions of the lung or lungs are removed via an open thoracotomy. About 20% to 30% of each lung may be removed in this major surgical operation, which is complex and has a high morbidity rate.
  • the benefit of removing the enlarged, diseased portions of the lungs is that more room is left in the thoracic cavity where the remaining portion of each lung can expand.
  • bronchoscope is used to deliver the devices, without having to resort to cutting through the chest of the patient.
  • the devices may be valves, which are placed in the bronchial passages leading to the affected portions of the lungs, or some other form of flow blockage, which prevents air from reaching the diseased portions.
  • a valve is used to prevent air from reaching selected portions of the lung, it is important to ensure that mucus can be expelled from those portions. A buildup of mucus in the lungs may lead to infections and other serious complications. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide valves that permit residual air and mucus to exit the lung, while preventing air from flowing therein.
  • the valve consists of a braided structure with looped ends that is constricted in its middle.
  • the structure may be fully or partially covered with a non-porous material which prevents the passage of air therethrough, so that the device may prevent the flow of air through the bronchial passages, at least in one direction.
  • some holes are formed at the distal end of the structure, to permit the passage of mucus out of the lungs through the distal part of the structure, then between the wall of the proximal part of the structure and the bronchial vessel, while at the same time preventing the inflow of air therein.
  • An anti-microbial coating may also be applied to the device, to lessen the likelihood of an infection developing at the site of the valve.
  • This inhaled air will enter the funnel shaped portion of the proximal end 104 and may cause the funnel shaped portion to radially expand causing the braided structure 102 to better contact the inner walls of the bronchial tube. This radial expansion may improve the seal around the outside radius of the distal end 104. This outer tight seal and the inner constricted portion 108 allows little or no air to flow to the diseased portion of the lung.
  • the valve 100 acts as an obstruction device when the patient inhales air. The exhale direction will be discussed in greater detail below.
  • the one way valve 100 may be made of polymeric or metallic filaments, which form the braided structure 102.
  • the filaments may comprise a radiopaque component to improve the device's radiopacity, so that the operating surgeon is able to place the device in the patient's lungs'more accurately.
  • a radiopaque agent such as a metallic or ceramic powder may be included in the material during the manufacturing process.
  • the polymer may include elements having a high atomic number such as iodine in its chemistry. If the braided structure is made out of metallic, wires, a portion or all of these wires may have a radiopaque core.
  • the constricted portion 108 may be constrained, for example, by a metallic ring 114, which can be of a radiopaque material.
  • a metallic ring 114 which can be of a radiopaque material.
  • Other radiopaque devices and/or methods may also be used to provide the operating surgeon with a better view of the valve while it is being placed Into the bronchial tubes, e.g., radiopaque markers and radiopaque paint.
  • the proximal and distal ends 104, 106 of the braided structure 102 are designed to be atraumatic, to prevent Injury to the trachea and to the bronchial passages when they are inserted into the lungs.
  • the extremities may be looped, so that there are no sharp strands or wires extending from the device, or they may be welded, also to form a smooth end surface.
  • One or more holes 110 are visible in the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1 .
  • the holes are formed in the distal portion of the braided structure 102, and are designed to allow for residual air and mucus clearance from the lungs.
  • the holes 110 may be formed in the non-porous coating 112 of the one way valve 100, while leaving the braids of the braided structure 102 unaffected. Alternatively, the holes 110 may be cut through the entire device, including the braided structure 102.
  • the holes 110 are preferably located close to the constricted region 108 of the one way valve 100, away from the surrounding walls of the bronchial passage, or from the other biological structures in which the valve 100 may be inserted. The location of the holes 110 away from the inner walls of the passage avoids tissue ingrowth into the exposed braided structure, and makes the device more easily removable from the lungs of the patient even after a prolonged stay.
  • valve 100 When a patient exhales or coughs the direction of the air and/or fluid flow will be from the alveoli through the bronchial passage to the trachea. If the valve 100 was simply a constriction device, this air/fluid flow would be eliminated in the same manner as described above for the inhale air flow. However, the valve 100 includes the holes 110 which transform the valve 100 into a one way valve allowing for air/fluid flow in the exhale direction as will be described. As described above, mucus and other fluids may build up in the diseased portion of the lung. This mucus must be allowed to be cleared from the lung.
  • the air/fluid flows into the funnel portion of the distal end 106, it may then flow out of the holes 110 in the valve 100. This air/fluid will then be in the cavity between the constricted portion 108 and the bronchial passage. However, since the air/fluid is traveling in the exhale direction, this may cause the funnel portion of the proximal end 104 to radially contract allowing the air/fluid to flow out of the lung and be exhaled/discharged.
  • the valve 100 acts as a constriction device for airflow in the inhale direction, but as an open valve for air/fluid flow in the exhale direction.
  • the retrieval mechanism may also include a retrieval loop disposed at the proximal end of the braided structure 252.
  • a retrieval loop 274 may be formed, extending from an edge of the braided structure 252 to another edge or to the extending rod 270.
  • the retrieval loop 274 may be threaded around the proximal portion of the braided structure 252, and may comprise a plurality of loops and projections to improve the retrieval ability of the device.
  • the loops and projections of the retrieval loop 274 may be polymeric or metallic, and may preferably comprise shape memory materials such as Nitinol.
  • an anchoring flare 406 may be formed at the proximal end 404 of the braided structure 402.
  • the one way valve 400 may remain in place despite the movements caused by the daily activities of the patient, and despite the force applied by air moving through the lungs.
  • the force of the air when the patient coughs may be very large, and may require a strong anchor.
  • Figure 6 shows another exemplary embodiment of an anchoring mechanism.
  • the valve 450 has a bulge 456 formed on the braided structure 452.
  • the bulge 456 and the flare 406 may be formed on the proximal part of the structure, as shown, or on the distal part of a structure similar to that shown in Fig. 1 .

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Claims (15)

  1. Soupape à une voie (100) pour un passage d'écoulement biologique, comprenant :
    une structure tressée allongée (102) dimensionnée pour l'insertion dans le passage d'écoulement biologique, une partie de la structure tressée (102) formant une enveloppe sensiblement tubulaire, la structure tressée (102) maintenant une forme active expansée après avoir été déformée en une petite dimension ;
    un revêtement non poreux (112) de la structure tressée (102) ;
    une partie rétrécie (108) de la structure tressée allongée (102) disposée entre une extrémité proximale (104) et une extrémité distale (106) de celle-ci, la partie rétrécie (108) définissant une première région en forme d'entonnoir de la structure tressée (102) entravant l'écoulement en direction de l'extrémité distale (106) et une seconde région en forme d'entonnoir de la structure tressée (102) entravant l'écoulement en direction de l'extrémité proximale (104) ; et
    au moins un trou (110) formé dans le revêtement non poreux (112) de manière distale par rapport à la partie rétrécie (108), permettant un écoulement de l'un d'air et d'un fluide en direction de l'extrémité proximale (104).
  2. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, où la partie rétrécie (108) est sensiblement à mi-chemin entre l'extrémité proximale (104) et l'extrémité distale (106).
  3. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, où le au moins un trou (110) s'étend à travers le revêtement non poreux (112) et à travers la structure tressée (102).
  4. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, où la structure tressée (102) est formée de l'un de Elgiloy, MP35N, Nitinol, un autre matériau à mémoire de forme et un matériau super-élastique.
  5. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, où le revêtement non poreux (112) est formé de l'un de silicone, polyuréthane, PET et PTFE.
  6. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, où l'extrémité distale (106 ; 206) et l'extrémité proximale (104) sont atraumatiques, où éventuellement l'extrémité distale (106 ; 206) et l'extrémité proximale (104) comprennent l'une de structures bouclées et soudées.
  7. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une partie d'ancrage pour maintenir la soupape à une voie dans un emplacement choisi à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement biologique, où éventuellement la partie d'ancrage comprend (i) des fils de saisie qui s'étendent de manière distale par rapport à la structure tressée pour entrer en contact avec des parois du passage d'écoulement biologique, ou (ii) au moins l'un d'évasements et de renflements de la structure tressée, pour entrer en contact avec des parois du passage d'écoulement biologique, ou (iii) un anneau en zigzag à mémoire de forme qui s'étend depuis la structure tressée.
  8. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre l'un d'une tige de saisie et de fils de saisie qui s'étendent de manière proximale pour faciliter la récupération.
  9. Soupape à une voie selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une soupape à une voie secondaire disposée dans la partie rétrécie.
  10. Soupape (200 ; 250 ; 300 ; 400 ; 450 ; 500) pour réaliser des opérations de réduction du volume des poumons, comprenant :
    une structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502) adaptée pour l'insertion endoscopique dans un passage bronchique, la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502) ayant une extrémité proximale (204 ; 304 ; 404) et une extrémité distale (206 ; 306) ;
    un revêtement non poreux adapté pour empêcher l'écoulement d'air à travers la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502) ;
    une partie rétrécie (208 ; 258 ; 308 ; 508) disposée à l'extrémité distale (206 ; 306) de la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502) empêchant l'écoulement d'air à travers une lumière centrale de ladite structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502), et définissant une partie en forme d'entonnoir de celle-ci ; et
    une structure de soupape (310) sous la forme d'une soupape à une voie disposée sensiblement au niveau de la partie rétrécie (208 ; 258 ; 308 ; 508) et adaptée pour permettre l'expulsion de mucus depuis l'extrémité distale (206 ; 306) jusqu'à l'extrémité proximale (204 ; 304 ; 404), où la partie en forme d'entonnoir est adaptée pour empêcher l'écoulement d'air depuis l'extrémité proximale (204 ; 304 ; 404) jusqu'à l'extrémité distale (206 ; 306).
  11. Soupape selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre une partie d'ancrage (210 ; 310 ; 510) qui s'étend depuis la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 352 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502).
  12. Soupape selon la revendication 11, où la partie d'ancrage (210 ; 310 ; 510) comprend (i) des fils de saisie à mémoire de forme (212 ; 512) adaptés pour entrer en contact avec une surface interne du passage bronchique, éventuellement comprenant en outre un anneau en zigzag (514) disposé sur les fils de saisie (512) adapté pour entrer en contact avec la surface interne du passage bronchique, ou (ii) au moins l'un d'un évasement (406) et d'un renflement (456) de la structure tressée (402 ; 452).
  13. Soupape selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre une partie de récupération pour faciliter la récupération endoscopique.
  14. Soupape selon la revendication 13, où la partie de récupération comprend au moins l'un d'une tige d'extension (270), et de boucles de récupération (274) et de protubérances de récupération qui s'étendent de manière proximale par rapport à la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 452 ; 502).
  15. Soupape selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre un revêtement antimicrobien de la structure tressée (202 ; 252 ; 302 ; 402 ; 502).
EP06825532.2A 2005-10-14 2006-10-04 Valve de réduction du volume pulmonaire bronchoscopique Active EP1945143B1 (fr)

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US11/250,968 US9265605B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2005-10-14 Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction valve
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US20160120637A1 (en) 2016-05-05
US10729528B2 (en) 2020-08-04
US20190142570A1 (en) 2019-05-16
EP3424465A1 (fr) 2019-01-09
EP1945143A1 (fr) 2008-07-23
US10213289B2 (en) 2019-02-26
WO2007047151A1 (fr) 2007-04-26
US9597174B2 (en) 2017-03-21
US20070096048A1 (en) 2007-05-03
US9265605B2 (en) 2016-02-23
US20170156843A1 (en) 2017-06-08
JP2009511173A (ja) 2009-03-19
EP3424465B1 (fr) 2024-02-14
JP5020250B2 (ja) 2012-09-05

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