EP1944449B1 - Procédé de détermination des effets du vent sur un store - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination des effets du vent sur un store Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1944449B1
EP1944449B1 EP08100200A EP08100200A EP1944449B1 EP 1944449 B1 EP1944449 B1 EP 1944449B1 EP 08100200 A EP08100200 A EP 08100200A EP 08100200 A EP08100200 A EP 08100200A EP 1944449 B1 EP1944449 B1 EP 1944449B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
sensor means
effects
blind
sensor
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP08100200A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1944449A1 (fr
Inventor
Stéphane Lapierre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Somfy SA
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Somfy SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1944449A1 publication Critical patent/EP1944449A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • E04F10/06—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building
    • E04F10/0644—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with mechanisms for unrolling or balancing the blind
    • E04F10/0659—Control systems therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • E04F10/06—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building
    • E04F10/0692—Front bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • E04F10/06—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building
    • E04F10/0611—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with articulated arms supporting the movable end of the blind for deployment of the blind
    • E04F10/0618—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with articulated arms supporting the movable end of the blind for deployment of the blind whereby the pivot axis of the articulation is perpendicular to the roller
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/70—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
    • E05F15/71—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to temperature changes, rain, wind or noise
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/40—Physical or chemical protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/106—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof for garages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
    • E06B9/68—Operating devices or mechanisms, e.g. with electric drive
    • E06B2009/6809—Control
    • E06B2009/6818—Control using sensors
    • E06B2009/6863—Control using sensors sensing wind speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the effects of wind on a blind or the like and a device for protecting against the effects of wind for a blind or the like.
  • a known solution is to measure the vibration of the moving elements namely the arms or, more commonly, the load bar. As soon as the measured vibration exceeds a certain threshold, set by the installer, a fallback order is transmitted to the actuator controlling the blind. The actuator then causes the winding of the fabric around the winding tube and the folding of the arms.
  • the vibration is generally measured by the acceleration of the movable element in one direction.
  • the demand US 2006/0113936 describes a unidirectional piezoelectric vibration sensor.
  • Such a sensor will therefore have a preferential detection sensitivity.
  • the orientation of the sensor affects the detection sensitivity of the system. Therefore, if the detection direction is parallel to the surface of the deployed canvas, a stress on the structure caused by the wind in a perpendicular direction will be little or not detected while it may be damaging to the blind.
  • a low detection threshold can be defined. In this case, when the structure is biased in the direction of the detection direction of the sensor, it may cause unnecessary withdrawal of the fabric.
  • Document is known DE 198 40 418 a particular blind structure in which a screen is guided circularly.
  • the awning structure is equipped with a sensor to determine the wind actions on the screen.
  • the sensor comprises means for measuring accelerations in a tangential direction and in a radial direction. The signals obtained are then processed by filtering.
  • Patent is known US 3,956,932 a sensor to determine the direction of the wind. It comprises elements heated on the one hand by a heating means and cooled on the other hand by the wind. By determining their temperatures, we deduce those who are most exposed to the wind and therefore the direction of the wind.
  • Patent is known US 4,615,214 an anemometer with piezoelectric elements. It includes several piezoelectric elements distributed in space. Depending on the output signals of these elements, we deduce those who are most exposed to the wind and therefore the direction of the wind.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for determining the effects of wind overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks and improving the methods known from the prior art.
  • the invention proposes a method for determining the effects of wind making it possible to overcome the constraints of installing a sensor, in particular sensor orientation constraints and making it possible to obtain the same detection sensitivity of the sensor. whatever its orientation.
  • the invention also relates to a detection device intended to be mounted on a blind or the like to determine the effects of the wind on it.
  • the determination method according to the invention is defined by claim 1.
  • the detection device according to the invention is defined by claim 8.
  • the device for protecting a blind or the like is defined by claim 10.
  • the arm awning 1 shown in FIG. figure 1 comprises a support 2, mounted on the structure of a building, a winding tube 3 driven by a motor 11 on which a web 4 is wound and a load bar 5 connected to the support 2 via articulated arms.
  • the articulated arms comprise two segments 6, 7, the first segment being articulated at one of its ends to the support 2 around a first axis 8, and at the other of its ends at one end of the second segment 7 around a second axis 9.
  • the other end of the second segment 7 is articulated to the load bar 5 about a third axis 10.
  • the fabric 4 is fixed on one side to the winding tube 3 and on the other side to the load bar 5 so as to allow it to wind on the winding tube 3 or its unwinding from the tube 3 by means actuator, such as for example a motor 11 whose power supply is controlled by an electronic control unit 12.
  • actuator such as for example a motor 11 whose power supply is controlled by an electronic control unit 12.
  • a detection device 13 is disposed on the load bar 5 to determine the effect of the wind on the structure. When the measured quantity exceeds a threshold value, the detection device transmits, by radio, to the electronic control unit 12, a folding order of the fabric 4.
  • sensor means having one or more accelerometers may be used.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the use of such a sensor means, detecting the acceleration in two perpendicular directions X 1 and Y 1 , X 2 and Y 2 or X 3 and Y 3 .
  • This figure shows three examples of attaching sensor means 131 (horizontal), 132 (vertical) or 133 (45 °) on the load bar 5.
  • the sensor means 131 detects or measures acceleration along the X 1 and Y 1 axes. Threshold values Xs and Ys have been defined beforehand for each detection axis.
  • the sensor means 132 detects or measures the accelerations along the axes X 2 and Y 2 .
  • the sensor means 133 detects or measures the accelerations along the axes X 3 and Y 3 .
  • the threshold values Xs and Ys are the same for all the sensor means 131, 132 and 133.
  • the directions X 1 , Y 1 , X 2 , Y 2 , X 3 and Y 3 are intrinsic to the structure of the means. sensors, it is noted that the sensing sensitivity or measurement of the sensor means depends on its orientation on the load bar. Although it is possible to obtain the same sensitivity between the sensor 131 and 132 by inverting the threshold values, it is however not possible to obtain the same sensitivity with the sensor 133, as it is oriented. It is therefore not possible to have an operation of a system equipped with such a sensor means which is independent of the orientation of this sensor means.
  • the detection device 13 shown in FIG. figure 9 , mainly comprises a sensor means 231, a logic processing unit 26 and a radio wave transmitter 27.
  • the sensor means 231 comprises two accelerometers 20 and 21.
  • the first accelerometer 20 is intended for the detection and measurement of accelerations along the Y axis 1 and the second accelerometer 21 is intended for the detection and measurement of accelerations. along the X1 axis. Axes X1 and Y1 are perpendicular. These two accelerometers provide signals attacking the logic processing unit 26.
  • the logic processing unit 26 comprises a means 22 for processing the signals supplied by the sensor means 231. It makes it possible to supply a comparison means 23 with a secondary signal intended to be compared with one or more thresholds stored in a memory 25. This comparison means makes it possible to supply a signal triggering the establishment of a control signal within a means for generating a control signal 24. This control signal is then transmitted to the radio wave transmitter. 27 which transmits it in radio form.
  • the detection device comprises in particular software means for governing the determination method object of the invention, modes of execution of which are described in detail below. In particular, these software means may comprise computer programs that may in particular be implemented in the logical processing unit.
  • the means 22 for processing the signals supplied by the sensor means 231 may also comprise software means such as computer programs for calculating the secondary signal.
  • a first embodiment of the determination method according to the invention is described below with reference to the figure 4 .
  • a threshold value Rs is set at the detection device 13.
  • the adjustment can be done by means of a potentiometer or any other similar means.
  • the threshold value is stored in the memory 25.
  • a second step 220 the detection device is fixed on the load bar.
  • This step can be swapped with the previous step but it is easier to perform the operations in the proposed order.
  • Fixing the detection device is for example such that the sensor means it contains is in one of the positions occupied at the figure 3 , that is to say that the axes X 1 , Y 1 and / or X 2 , Y 2 and / or X 3 , Y 3 of the sensor means 231 and / or 232 and / or 233 are parallel (or at least substantially parallel) to the same plane P in which it is desired to measure the effects of the wind. In the case of figure 3 this plane P is perpendicular to the load bar 5.
  • the sensor means can be oriented in this plane P (around the axis of the load bar) indifferently, as shown by the different positions of the sensors 231, 232 and 233.
  • the sensor means can be oriented angularly with respect to an axis perpendicular to the two measurement directions of the sensor means without affecting the determination of the secondary signal representative of the effects of the wind.
  • This signal is therefore independent of the orientation of the sensor in the plane P that is to say independent of its orientation relative to this perpendicular axis.
  • the sensor can be freely installed on an element of the blind as long as its measuring directions remain in the same plane. It is subsequently assumed that the detection device comprises the sensor means 231.
  • the sensor means 231 provides signals representative of the accelerations experienced by the mobile part of the blind on which is fixed the sensor, in this case the load bar. These signals are in this case representative of the projections of the accelerations undergone by the load bar on the detection axes of the accelerometers composing the sensor means, namely, X 1 and Y 1 .
  • the instantaneous values of the signals obtained are respectively denoted Xa and Ya.
  • a fourth step 240 the instantaneous value of a signal representative of the acceleration experienced by the detection device or the load bar is calculated from the instantaneous values of the signals representative of the projections of this acceleration.
  • A the vector representing this resultant acceleration
  • nA the norm of the vector
  • the instantaneous value of the resulting acceleration constitutes a secondary signal representative of the wind effects and independent of the orientation of the sensor means in the plane P.
  • a fifth step 250 the instantaneous value of the acceleration is compared with the threshold value Rs. If this instantaneous value is greater than the threshold value Rs, then the process proceeds to a sixth step 260. In the opposite case, returns to step 230.
  • a timer can be set up before renewing step 230.
  • an order of execution of a security scenario is transmitted by the detection device to the electronic control unit 12 and this order is executed.
  • the scenario begins with a fallback order of the canvas.
  • the figure 5 illustrates this principle of the processing of the measurements of the sensor means.
  • the acceleration vector A does not trigger any scenario while the acceleration vector A 'controls the winding of the fabric 4, the end of the arrow representing the vector A' coming out of the gray zone.
  • the detection device triggers the security scenario for the same solicitation.
  • a first step 310 the detection device is fixed on the load bar as described in step 220.
  • the configuration of the detection device is identical to that of the figure 3 . However, a learning phase is needed here.
  • a configuration operation for associating a specific reference mark OXY, for example orthogonal, with the sensor means.
  • the setting of this new OXY mark is therefore independent of the detection axes X 1 and Y 1 of the sensor means. It is thus independent of the orientation of the detection device. Taking this mark into account by the detection device results in a relationship between the new OXY mark and a mark OX 1 Y 1 corresponding to the detection axes of the sensor (rotation of an angle ⁇ ).
  • the detection device can detect the vertical using the effect of gravity detected by measurement from its accelerometers 20, 21 (the load bar is for example deployed and at rest). From these measurements, the detection device can define an absolute orientation and deduce an identical specific mark regardless of the orientation of the detection device.
  • the X axis of the specific marker can be parallel to the gravitational field.
  • Another way is to place the detection device in a configuration mode.
  • the installer then solicits the load bar by exerting on it an effort.
  • the axis of stress is determined by analysis of the signals provided by the accelerometers 20 and 21 of the sensor means. This axis of stress can then be the axis X of the specific reference.
  • a third means may include learning the specific marker when deploying the canvas or a movement back and forth of the canvas following a specific order.
  • the X axis would be the deployment axis.
  • Other means can be imagined, including the capture of orientation angles of the detection device relative to the vertical by the installer via a human-machine interface.
  • threshold values Xs and Ys are set. These values are stored in the memory 25. These values Xs and Ys respectively correspond to thresholds that must not be exceeded according to each axis X and Y of the set specific reference point OXY.
  • the adjustment can be done through potentiometers or any other means. Alternatively, a threshold value can be applied to several axes, thus making it possible to simplify the electronics by eliminating adjustment means.
  • the sensor means 231 provides signals representative of the accelerations experienced by the moving part of the blind on which is fixed the detection device, in this case the load bar. These signals are in this case representative of the projections of the accelerations undergone by the load bar on the detection axes of the accelerometers composing the sensor means, namely, X 1 and Y 1 .
  • the instantaneous values of the signals obtained are respectively denoted X 1 a and Y 1 a.
  • the measurement is direct from the accelerometers composing the sensor means.
  • the threshold values Xs and Ys can be transcribed in the direct measurement reference (OX1Y1).
  • the threshold values expressed in the direct reference are not constant. They are interdependent.
  • a finer sensitivity of the detection device can be adjusted by determining a specific reference adapted to the blind.
  • One of its axes may correspond to the most constraining axis of stress for the structure of the awning, it may be the direction perpendicular to the deployment of the fabric. For this axis, a threshold value can thus be lower.
  • a sixth step 360 the component Xa is compared with the threshold value Xs. If this quantity Xa is greater than the threshold value Xs, then a step 380 is proceeded to. In the opposite case, the method proceeds to a step 370.
  • a seventh step 370 the component Ya is compared with the threshold value Ys. If this magnitude Ya is greater than the threshold value Ys, then we go to step 380. In the opposite case, we return to step 340. A timer can be set up before renewing step 340. Of course, steps 360 and 370 can be swapped.
  • an order of execution of a security scenario is transmitted by the detection device to the electronic control unit 12 and this order is executed.
  • the scenario begins with a fallback order of the canvas.
  • the figure 8 illustrates this principle of the processing of the measurements of the sensor means.
  • the acceleration vector A does not trigger any scenario while the acceleration vector A 'controls the winding of the fabric 4, the end of the arrow representing the vector A' coming out of the gray zone.
  • the detection device triggers the security scenario for the same solicitation.
  • the method makes it possible to provide a secondary signal representative of wind effects and independent of the orientation of the sensor means in the plane P.
  • This secondary signal can be in particular the intensity of the resultant of the acceleration measured in the plane. P or the intensity and direction of the resultant of the acceleration measured in the plane P or the components, in a particular reference, of the resultant measured in the plane P.
  • the detection device is based on a magnitude representative of the acceleration of the moving part which can be its absolute acceleration, its acceleration variation, its speed or its variation, its position or its variation or any other information that may reflect the effect of the wind on the canvas.
  • the detection device will preferably have an autonomous power source and will preferentially transmit the security commands to the electronic control unit 12 by radio.
  • the signals and quantities supplied by the sensor means, as described above, are processed at the level of the detection device but may very well be processed at the level of the electronic control unit 12.
  • sensor means detecting the acceleration along three axes, for example orthogonal. In this way, the protection of the blind is increased. The previous operating principle then applies in the same way.
  • the use of a sensor detecting the acceleration along three axes is more advantageous than a sensor using only two directions of measurement because the secondary signal is identical whatever the orientation of the sensor, it is not necessary to place the sensor so as to keep the measurement directions in the same plane.
  • the secondary signal is independent of the orientation in the space of the sensor and the installation of the latter on a blind element is then all the more facilitated.
  • the plan for measuring the wind effects of a sensor with two directions of measurement is linked to the installation of the sensor on a movable element of the blind subjected to the effects of wind.
  • a sensor position it measures the effect of the wind depending on the orientation of its two directions of measurement.
  • This plan is defined by both directions. It is either parallel or coplanar to these two directions. If the two measurement directions are coplanar, the plane formed by these two directions corresponds to the measurement plane of the wind effects of the sensor. If the measurement directions are not coplanar, a plane parallel to these two directions can be defined. It corresponds to the measurement plan of the wind effects of the sensor.
  • sensors with parallel wind measurement plans measure the effects of wind in the same plane.
  • several sensors having different measurement directions can have the same plane of measurement of the effects of the wind.
  • the orientation of the sensor in the measurement plane means that the sensor can take different positions as long as its two measurement directions are always parallel or coplanar with the plane chosen for the measurement.
  • the sensor can take different positions to measure the effects of the wind in the plane. selected.
  • the wind effect measured by the sensor can therefore be independent of its orientation in its measurement plane.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
  • Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
EP08100200A 2007-01-10 2008-01-08 Procédé de détermination des effets du vent sur un store Active EP1944449B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700155A FR2911163B1 (fr) 2007-01-10 2007-01-10 Procede de determination des effets du vent sur un store

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1944449A1 EP1944449A1 (fr) 2008-07-16
EP1944449B1 true EP1944449B1 (fr) 2013-03-27

Family

ID=38324164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08100200A Active EP1944449B1 (fr) 2007-01-10 2008-01-08 Procédé de détermination des effets du vent sur un store

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8050885B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1944449B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008208701A (zh)
CN (1) CN101349140B (zh)
AU (1) AU2008200071B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2617023C (zh)
FR (1) FR2911163B1 (zh)

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FR2964758B1 (fr) 2010-09-15 2012-10-05 Somfy Sas Capteur communicant autonome et extra-plat.
ES2432093B1 (es) * 2011-03-25 2014-09-05 Gaviota Simbac, S.L. Equipo de protección automatizada para toldos y voladizos frente a esfuerzos y causas externas
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FR2911163B1 (fr) 2009-04-03
AU2008200071B2 (en) 2013-10-10
FR2911163A1 (fr) 2008-07-11
CN101349140A (zh) 2009-01-21
CA2617023A1 (en) 2008-07-10
CA2617023C (en) 2015-06-02
US20080163685A1 (en) 2008-07-10
AU2008200071A1 (en) 2008-07-24
EP1944449A1 (fr) 2008-07-16
CN101349140B (zh) 2012-11-21
JP2008208701A (ja) 2008-09-11
US8050885B2 (en) 2011-11-01

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