EP1943415A1 - Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre - Google Patents
Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtreInfo
- Publication number
- EP1943415A1 EP1943415A1 EP06831302A EP06831302A EP1943415A1 EP 1943415 A1 EP1943415 A1 EP 1943415A1 EP 06831302 A EP06831302 A EP 06831302A EP 06831302 A EP06831302 A EP 06831302A EP 1943415 A1 EP1943415 A1 EP 1943415A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- homogeneity
- regeneration
- measuring
- soot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
- B01D46/444—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration by flow measuring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of honeycomb structural particle filters used in an exhaust line of an engine for the removal of soot, typically produced by the combustion of a diesel fuel in a combustion engine. internal combustion. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for measuring the homogeneity of soot deposition in such a filter and to a method for controlling the regeneration of a filter.
- Diesel engines Compression-ignition engines, known as “diesel” engines, are known to produce a large amount of soot. This results from hydrocarbon pyrolysis phenomena in the absence of oxygen even within the combustion flame and the insufficiency of the temperature within the combustion chamber to burn all the soot particles thus produced. . These soot, when emitted outside the vehicle, serve as seeds on which unburned hydrocarbons condense, thus constituting solid particles that can be inhaled and whose small size allows progression to the pulmonary alveoli.
- pollutant gaseous emissions are in particular unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NOx) or carbon monoxide (CO).
- Soot filtration devices commonly referred to as “particulate filters” generally consist of a porous ceramic filter media.
- This support generally has a honeycomb structure, one of the faces of said structure allowing the admission of the exhaust gas to be filtered and the other side the evacuation of the filtered exhaust gas. Between these faces, respectively hereinafter referred to as upstream and downstream faces, the filtering structure has a set of longitudinal and parallel channels separated by porous walls, said channels being closed at one of their ends in order to force the exhaust gases to cross said porous walls.
- the peripheral part of the structure is surrounded by a cement called coating cement.
- the filter is also surrounded by a sheath, often called “canning" and consists of a fiberglass mat and a metal casing.
- the filters sometimes consist of an assembly of monolithic and parallelepiped elements called “segments” and having a honeycomb structure, said elements being assembled using a cement. Examples of such so-called “segmented” filters are described in patent applications EP 816 065, EP 1 142 619, EP 1 455 923 or WO 2004/065088.
- the most commonly used ceramics are cordierite (Mg 2 Al 4 Si 2 O 8 ) or silicon carbide (SiC), the latter being preferred for its properties of thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
- the particulate filter is loaded with soot particles, which are deposited on the porous walls.
- soot particles which are deposited on the porous walls.
- the combustion kinetics may be slower than in the combustion chamber, which allows to lower the soot combustion temperature to about 600 0 C. This increase is insufficient, however, to ensure combustion soot within the filter over the entire operating range of the engine. It is therefore necessary to provide, following a filtration cycle, a regeneration cycle, during which the soot is burned.
- the particulate filter thus operates according to the following modes: filtration and almost simultaneous combustion of soot when the temperature of the exhaust gases allows it, - retention and accumulation of soot particles in the filter when the temperature of the exhaust gas is too weak, regeneration of the filter before the losses due to the accumulation of soot become unacceptable.
- the progressive clogging of the filter during the soot retention phase in fact causes an increase in the pressure drop resulting in an increase in the consumption of the engine.
- the regeneration step is done by raising the temperature of the exhaust gas using a post injection, which is to inject late into the engine cycle of the fuel that will burn in the exhaust line.
- the filter undergoes high temperatures. These temperatures being moreover inhomogeneous within the material because the soot particles preferentially deposit in the central part of the filter as well as in its downstream part, the filter is subjected to a large thermal shock, capable of generating within the material micro-cracking resulting in a partial or total loss of its filtration capacity.
- the more or less homogeneous character of the distribution of soot in the filter is therefore a particularly important parameter to evaluate since it directly influences the heat shock that the filter can undergo and the invention therefore aims to propose a method allowing to evaluate the homogeneity of soot deposition in a particulate filter.
- the subject of the invention is a method for measuring the homogeneity of the soot deposition in a particulate filter that can be used in an exhaust line of an engine comprising the steps of measuring, simultaneously or successively, the respective characteristic quantities of at least two gas flows each having passed through a different longitudinal portion of said filter and then comparing the characteristic quantities thus measured.
- longitudinal portion means a portion of the filter extending between its upstream and downstream faces parallel to the longitudinal channels.
- a longitudinal portion may thus comprise a single longitudinal channel as well as the porous walls of the filter which delimit it, or a set of longitudinal channels.
- a longitudinal portion may for example correspond to a segment.
- the characteristic quantity of the gas flow is advantageously chosen from the speed or the flow rate, the speed being particularly preferred because of the relative ease of its measurement.
- the gas used depends on the conditions of implementation of the process.
- the gas When the latter is used in line (that is to say in the exhaust line of the engine in operation), the gas will be the exhaust gas of said engine.
- This type of measurement can also be performed offline, for example on a test bench, and a gas such as air can be used.
- the different measurements of the characteristic quantities of the flow can be carried out successively or simultaneously. The latter case is preferred because it does not require means for transverse displacement of the measuring means.
- the inventors have been able to demonstrate that the amount of soot present in a particulate filter varies linearly with the speed or the flow rate of a gas flow having passed through said filter, which makes it possible to determine precisely the first of these parameters by comparing the measured speed with predetermined values obtained for example after a calibration performed on a filter of the same type taking particular account of the pressure upstream of the filter.
- This speed or flow rate measurement can moreover be implemented to more precisely and more reliably control the regeneration process of the filter compared to the usual control methods involving the measurement of the pressure drop across the filter. because the variation of the pressure drop with the amount of soot is not linear.
- the direct comparison between the speeds or flow rates of different gas flows having passed through different longitudinal portions (for example different longitudinal channels) of the filter makes it possible to evaluate the homogeneity of soot deposition in the filter, without prior calibration.
- the respective speeds of a series of gas flows each of which passes through a different longitudinal portion of the filter are measured, said longitudinal portions being spaced apart by a determined pitch along an axis or along two orthogonal axes d a transverse plane.
- the pitch is then preferably equal to or less than the width of a longitudinal channel.
- the respective velocity of two gas flows having respectively crossed a longitudinal portion located substantially in the center of the filter and a longitudinal portion located substantially at the periphery of said filter are measured, and an absolute difference in velocities is determined. ⁇ V, this last quantity being characteristic of the homogeneity of the filter.
- This method has the advantage of greater simplicity since only two means for measuring the speed are necessary. It also takes into account that the soot is generally deposited in greater number in the center of the filter, the extreme speed values are therefore usually respectively in the center and periphery of the filter.
- a measurement of the flow rate of the gas flow can replace the measurement of the speed of said flow.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that taking into account the measurement of the homogeneity of soot deposition in the filter makes it possible to improve the regulation or the control of the regeneration.
- the quantity of soot deposited is usually evaluated online by measuring the pressure drop, that is to say by measuring the pressure differential between the faces of the filter. It is currently according to this parameter that the conditions of the regeneration are determined, the latter being initiated or completed when the pressure drop reaches certain values.
- the pressure drop measurement is, however, related only to the total amount of soot deposited in the filter and not to the homogeneity of the soot deposition, and the inventors have shown that it may occur that regeneration ends when there is still a large heterogeneity of soot deposition likely to damage the filter during a subsequent regeneration. Such regeneration, described as imperfect in the rest of the text, is therefore detrimental to a long service life of particulate filters.
- the invention therefore also aims to improve the control of regeneration conditions to prevent the filter undergoes too intense thermal shocks may weaken it.
- the subject of the invention is a method for controlling the regeneration of a particulate filter comprising the steps of measuring the homogeneity of the soot deposition in said filter and of adjusting the parameters of said regeneration as a function of the homogeneity value obtained.
- the parameters of the regeneration to be modified to prevent imperfect regeneration occur are preferably the duration and / or the post injection rate.
- Measuring the homogeneity of the soot deposition in the particulate filter is preferably carried out according to the method described above, that is to say by measuring the respective characteristic quantities of at least two gas flows each having passed through. a different longitudinal portion of said filter, and then by comparison between them the characteristic quantities (such as the flow rate or the speed) thus measured.
- Measuring the homogeneity of soot deposition in the particulate filter is preferably not the only measure that can be used to control the regeneration process. It is preferable that the regeneration be partly controlled by the known methods of the prior art, especially the methods using a pressure drop measurement or the processes of initiating a regeneration when a number of kilometers traveled is reached.
- the opportune moment for initiating and / or completing a regeneration can for example be partly determined by measuring the pressure drop across the filter and then comparing the measured value with a predetermined value.
- Measuring the homogeneity of the soot deposition can then be taken into account alternately or simultaneously: punctually at the beginning of a regeneration initiated by a measurement of the pressure drop, for example to control the flow rate of the post injection, punctually at the end of a regeneration, issue determined by a pressure drop measurement, for example to decide whether or not the extension of the post injection duration,
- the homogeneity of the deposition of soot in the filter is measured at the beginning of the regeneration (or just before the start of the regeneration), and the post injection flow rate is reduced if said homogeneity does not occur. is not satisfactory, especially if the measured value is beyond a predetermined value.
- the decrease in the post-injection flow rate is relative to the value that would have had this flow without taking into account the homogeneity of soot deposition.
- the homogeneity of the deposition of soot in the filter is measured at the end of the regeneration, and, if said homogeneity is not satisfactory, the duration of the post injection is prolonged, generally of a duration. sufficient for homogeneity to become satisfactory again.
- the method according to the invention then comprises a first step of diagnosis of the imperfect nature of the regeneration which has just taken place, in particular by comparison between the obtained homogeneity value and a predetermined value, and then, in case the regeneration is diagnosed as imperfect, a second step of lengthening the post-injection duration.
- the elongation time can be predetermined or correlated with obtaining an acceptable homogeneity value.
- the method according to the invention can in particular be carried out after a controlled regeneration in a manner known from the prior art, in particular by measuring the pressure drop across the filter, and this is only the outcome of the regeneration that the homogeneity of soot deposition is evaluated, and that a correction is applied in the form of an extension of the post-injection duration, possibly accompanied by an increase in the post-injection flow, when it has been found to be imperfect.
- the duration of the extension of the postinjection can be predetermined: it can be for example a given percentage of the normal duration of the regeneration.
- the regeneration can also be stopped as soon as the homogeneity value becomes satisfactory, in particular when it falls below a predetermined value.
- the measurement of the homogeneity of soot deposition in the filter is carried out by measuring the respective velocity of two gas flows having respectively crossed a longitudinal portion located substantially in the center of the filter and a longitudinal portion located substantially peripherally. of said filter, and determination of an absolute difference in velocities ⁇ V, it is preferably diagnosed that the regeneration is imperfect if the absolute difference in velocities ⁇ V exceeds a predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and, if the regeneration is diagnosed as imperfect, the the post-injection duration is increased by a time necessary for the absolute difference in velocities ⁇ V to fall below a second predetermined value ⁇ V 2 .
- the post-injection duration can be increased by a predetermined time, a new measurement of the homogeneity of soot deposition being carried out at the end of the elongated regeneration making it possible to determine whether the latter is still imperfect and whether a new elongation of the duration is necessary.
- the predetermined values discussed above may be alternatively fixed threshold values or values that may be modified according to the operating parameters of the motor and / or the filter.
- the precise determination of the ad hoc values is within the abilities of the person skilled in the art and it would be of no interest to include in the present description precise values that apply only in particular cases.
- the present invention relates to a device for implementing the method of measuring the soot deposition homogeneity or regeneration control method described above.
- such a device comprises in particular: means for driving a gas such as air into the filter, means for confining the air flow introduced into the filter, flow control means and / or the pressure of the air introduced into the filter, measuring means, at the output of the filter, of a characteristic quantity of a flow of gas such as air through the filter element or elements.
- the measuring means are, for example, chosen from propeller anemometers, hot wires, pitot tubes, hot-ball systems, hot-film systems, PIV-type systems. velocimetry image), LDA type systems
- the method according to the invention is advantageously implemented by the use of at least one means for measuring a characteristic quantity (for example speed or flow) of a flow of gas and possibly means of comparison and control of the regeneration in an exhaust line of an engine, preferably a diesel engine.
- the invention therefore also relates to an exhaust line of an engine (in particular Diesel) comprising a particulate filter and at least one means for measuring the velocity or flow rate of at least two gas flows each having passed through a different longitudinal portion of said filter.
- Diesel in particular Diesel
- the or each means for measuring the speed or the flow rate of a gas flow is preferably situated immediately after the downstream face of the filter facing the corresponding longitudinal portion.
- the exhaust line comprises two means for measuring the speed or the flow rate of gas, said means being fixed and located respectively at the center and at the periphery of the filter.
- the exhaust line comprises a means for measuring the velocity of a moving gas flow in a transverse plane.
- the first mode is however preferred for reasons of ease of implementation.
- the or each means for measuring the speed of a gas flow is preferably a Pitot tube.
- the other means mentioned above can also be used, but the pitot tube is preferred, for reasons of cost, and because it can be made in a metal resistant to temperatures of more than 1000 ° C.
- the exhaust line preferably comprises a regeneration control system.
- This system comprises means for comparing the speeds or flow rates of the exhaust gas flows in order to deduce a value of homogeneity, means for comparing this value of homogeneity with a predetermined value, as well as means for controlling the parameters of the regeneration, in particular its duration and the post-injection flow rate.
- the comparison means may consist of any type of onboard computer known to those skilled in the art.
- the predetermined values may alternatively be fixed threshold values or values that may be modified according to the operating parameters of the motor and / or the filter.
- the embodiments of the invention below illustrate the invention without limiting it.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a device for implementing the "off-line” measurement method for the homogeneity of the soot deposition.
- Example 1 relates to an "off-line" implementation of the method for measuring homogeneity of soot deposition and diagnosis of the state of regeneration of the filter.
- a particulate filter is loaded with soot and then regenerated on an engine bench according to a protocol which will be detailed later.
- the measurement of the homogeneity of the soot deposition is then carried out using the device of FIG. 1, detailed below.
- the filter used combines in a filter block several monolithic elements in honeycomb.
- the extruded elements are recrystallized silicon carbide (R-SiC). After firing, they are machined and then bonded to each other by bonding with a SiC silicon carbide cement, the structure thus obtained being then coated with a coating cement, according to well-known techniques.
- R-SiC recrystallized silicon carbide
- SiC silicon carbide cement
- the manufacture of such filtering structures is in particular described in the patent applications EP 816 065, EP 1 142 619, EP 1 455 923 or WO 2004/065088.
- the engine bench used for the soot loading of the filter and the regeneration includes a diesel engine of 2.0 L displacement with direct injection.
- the fuel used is a diesel fuel containing less than 50 ppm of sulfur.
- the operating point of the motor is as follows: speed of 3000 rpm for a torque of 50 Nm.
- so-called "normal” regeneration cycle includes a post-injection lasting 10 minutes.
- soot loading and / or regeneration the homogeneity of soot deposition is evaluated "off-line" using the device of FIG.
- This device is composed of a tubular member 1 on which are arranged in succession:
- an air filter 2 This filter is optional and its function is to avoid the accumulation in the system of the dust present in the ambient air.
- This valve makes it possible to roughly regulate the flow rate and the pressure at the inlet of the particle filter 4.
- this valve 3 may be advantageous to couple this valve 3 with a valve of This valve 5 is for example of the guillotine type and allows to work with a flow of air whose temperature is substantially constant.
- the contribution of this valve 5 advantageously allows a precision on the flow rate of less than 1 m 3 / h (cubic meter per hour) as well as a facilitated regulation of the pressure near and upstream of the particle filter 4, in the direction of air movement.
- the blower makes it possible to drive the air into the filter 4.
- the maximum flow rate of blown air is 350 m 3 / h. 4 °) a flowmeter 7:
- the flow meter allows verification and control of the air flow during handling.
- a length of tube 8 fitted between the blower 6 and the divergent 9 The length of the tube 8 between the blower and the divergent is advantageously taken greater than approximately 50 times the diameter of the tube.
- Such a configuration makes it possible in particular to obtain a substantially constant speed of the gas flow lines at the outlet of the tube 8, that is to say a stabilized flow of gas at the inlet of the diverging portion. 6 °) a divergent 9:
- the apex angle of the divergent is preferably less than 7 °, for example 6 °. Such a configuration allows in particular a homogeneity of the gas stream lines arriving at the input of the particle filter.
- the inlet of the filter and the outlet of the divergent are directly joined.
- the envelope 10 of the filter (called “canning" in the loom) had a length greater than that of the filter 4, so that there is a space between the outlet 11 of the divergent 9 and the inlet 12 of the filter 4.
- a pressure sensor 13 The function of the pressure sensor is to check and control the absolute and / or relative pressure in the part of the divergent immediately upstream of the particle filter, in the direction of progression of the air.
- the measurement system may be chosen according to the invention from any known system in the field of fluid mechanics for measuring the velocity of a gas flow. Without this being considered restrictive, it is possible, for example, according to the invention to use one or more mobile propeller anemometers sweeping the downstream surface of the particle filter at the outlet of the present device, a series or battery of anemometers.
- one or more hot son or a set of hot son the speed of the gas being measured according to the heat loss of the son or son, one or more pitot tubes, hot-ball systems, hot-film systems, PIV-type systems, laser doppler-anemometry (LDA) systems measuring doppler effect related to the velocity of the air.
- LDA laser doppler-anemometry
- a preferred measurement system consists of a movable anemometer in a transverse plane.
- the distance between the rear face 16 of the filter and the air measuring system 15 is in general a compromise between the dimensions generated by the dimensions of the measurement system itself and the power of the air flow at the outlet of the air. filtered.
- the distance filter / measuring system is between 0 and a few centimeters, preferably between 0 and 2 cm.
- the divergent has an apex angle of 6 °.
- the system for measuring the speed of the gases consists of a propeller anemometer of the brand Schiltknecht, marketed by the company RBI Instrumentations, mounted on two cylinders arranged in a cross, which thus allow its mobility along two X and Y displacement axes of the transverse plane.
- the anemometer with a diameter of 9 mm, is located 2 mm from the downstream face of the filter.
- the pressure upstream of the filter is 12 mbar.
- the system moves stepwise on a first line in the X direction, the pitch being set at 1.8 mm.
- the pitch is chosen equal to the width of a channel, so as to obtain optimal discrimination.
- the filter is loaded with 3 different soot levels: 0.69 g / L, 1.46 g / L and 5.54 g / L (it is grams of soot per liter of filter).
- Table 2 shows the velocities measured downstream of the filter, at the center and at the periphery of the filter for each of the soot loading levels. More precisely, the three measurements are made on a line of the X axis, for values of X respectively of 2.5 cm (Pi), 8.5 cm (C) and 12.5 cm (P 2 ). The last column indicates the relative speed variation between the center and the periphery of the filter, expressed in percentages.
- the air velocity downstream of the filter varies according to the amount of soot deposited in the filter. It can also be observed that for low values of soot amounts (0.69 and 1.46 g / L), the deposit is relatively homogeneous between the center and the periphery of the filter, since the speed values are substantially identical. It is observed, however, that for large amounts of soot, under the loading conditions used, the deposit is very inhomogeneous, with larger amounts being deposited in the center of the filter.
- the heterogeneity of the deposit is here characterized by the comparison of two or three flow rates of a gas (in this case air) having passed through two or three different longitudinal portions of the filter.
- This example illustrates the "on-line” implementation of methods for measuring the homogeneity of soot deposition and regeneration control according to the invention.
- a particulate filter is subjected to a number of cycles each comprising a soot loading at 7g / L followed by a regeneration.
- the regeneration is controlled only by the measured pressure drop.
- the regeneration conditions are also controlled by measuring the homogeneity of soot deposition in the filter.
- the particle filter used is similar to that of Example 1.
- the same engine bench is also used, except that the exhaust line now comprises two Pitot tubes downstream of the filter and placed respectively at center and at the periphery of the filter. These pitot tubes make it possible to measure in line the speed of two exhaust gas flows having each passed through a longitudinal portion, respectively central and peripheral, of the filter.
- the homogeneity of the soot deposition in the filter is characterized as being the absolute value of the velocity difference ⁇ V between the two measured velocities.
- the exhaust line thus comprises means for comparing the two measured speeds, calculating the value of ⁇ V and comparing the latter with a predetermined value, as well as means making it possible to control certain parameters of the regeneration when the value of ⁇ V exceeds this value. predetermined value, testifying to an excessive heterogeneity of soot deposition.
- a “pressure loss efficiency” or “efficiency of ⁇ P” is defined by the ratio between the value of the pressure loss after soot loading minus the value of the pressure loss after regeneration and the value of the pressure drop after loading. in soot reduced by the pressure loss value of a new filter.
- the regeneration is initiated when the pressure drop efficiency is less than a predetermined value, in this case 90%, corresponding here to a quantity of soot of 7 g / L.
- a so-called "normal” regeneration is initiated, which comprises, as in Example 1, a 10-minute post-injection for a motor speed corresponding to a speed of 1700 rpm and a torque of 95.degree. Nm.
- This regeneration makes it possible to reduce the value of pressure drop to a value corresponding to a yield of ⁇ P of 90% or more.
- the parameters of the regeneration are not modified according to the homogeneity of soot deposition.
- the value of ⁇ V when at the end of a normal regeneration (said issue being determined by the measurement of the efficiency of ⁇ P) the value of ⁇ V is greater than a predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ equal to 2 m / s, (corresponding to imperfect regeneration) an extension of the post injection duration of about 20% is applied.
- This increase in duration is chosen because it makes it possible to strongly lower the value of ⁇ V.
- other implementation protocols of the invention can be chosen and adapted depending on the operating conditions (type of motor and filter etc.).
- the increase in post-injection duration may be accompanied by an increase in the post-injection flow rate.
- the elongation time may not be fixed but be connected to a certain value ⁇ V 2 , the regeneration being stopped when the value of ⁇ V falls below this value ⁇ V 2 .
- Tables 3 and 4 show the results respectively obtained for the comparative mode and the mode according to the invention.
- the filter has undergone 8 cycles each comprising a soot loading and a regeneration as defined above.
- the tables indicate several measured data at the end of normal regeneration: the efficiency of ⁇ P, the value of ⁇ V, and, if appropriate, the increase of the post injection duration compared with the normal duration, the latter corresponding to 10 minutes.
- control of the regeneration by the measurement of the pressure drop alone and without taking into account the homogeneity of soot deposition in the filter is therefore likely to create imperfect regenerations associated with a high heterogeneity of soot deposition and may give rise thermal shocks and mechanical degradation of the filters during subsequent regenerations.
- Table 4 illustrates the embodiment according to the invention.
- the parameters of the regeneration are modified at the end of a normal regeneration diagnosed as imperfect, in particular when the heterogeneity of soot in the filter is too important.
- the .DELTA.V value 2.2 is greater than the predetermined value ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ equal to 2. This regeneration is then diagnosed as imperfect, an increase of 20% the duration of post injection is applied. This second part of the 6 th cycle, denoted 6-2, allows to reduce the value .DELTA.V to an acceptable value and a second prolongation of the post-injection time is not applied.
- the filter for cracks or even mechanical weakening After the 8 th regeneration, the filter for cracks or even mechanical weakening.
- the method of diagnosis and control of the regeneration according to the invention therefore makes it possible to increase the service life of the particulate filters and / or to allow the use of less efficient materials in terms of thermomechanics.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0553268A FR2892641B1 (fr) | 2005-10-27 | 2005-10-27 | Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre |
| PCT/FR2006/051110 WO2007048980A1 (fr) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1943415A1 true EP1943415A1 (fr) | 2008-07-16 |
Family
ID=36636458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06831302A Withdrawn EP1943415A1 (fr) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080257144A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1943415A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009513870A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2892641B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007048980A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2887984B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-08-10 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Methode de controle non destructive d'un filtre a particule et dispositif de mise en oeuvre associe |
| JP5395709B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-09 | 2014-01-22 | ヤンマー株式会社 | エンジンの排気ガス処理システム |
| EP2557283B1 (fr) | 2010-04-07 | 2015-09-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Système de purification des gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne |
| US20130111905A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-09 | Honeywell Spol. S.R.O. | Integrated optimization and control of an engine and aftertreatment system |
| JP6979541B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-12-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 柱状ハニカム構造フィルタの製造方法、及び柱状ハニカム構造体用の粒子付着装置 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006002037A2 (fr) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox |
| WO2006012102A2 (fr) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-02-02 | Corning Incorporated | Systeme d'echappement d'un moteur diesel |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08121150A (ja) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-05-14 | Isuzu Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk | ディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフィルタの制御装置 |
| US5711785A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-01-27 | Ormet Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling the cleaning cycle of air filter elements and for predicting the useful life thereof |
| US6964694B2 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2005-11-15 | Avl North America Inc. | Diesel particulate filter monitoring using acoustic sensing |
| JP4411942B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-10 | 2010-02-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2005226483A (ja) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-25 | Toyota Industries Corp | 内燃機関における排気ガス浄化装置 |
| JP4389606B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2009-12-24 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-10-27 FR FR0553268A patent/FR2892641B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-10-26 JP JP2008537160A patent/JP2009513870A/ja active Pending
- 2006-10-26 WO PCT/FR2006/051110 patent/WO2007048980A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-10-26 US US12/089,670 patent/US20080257144A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-26 EP EP06831302A patent/EP1943415A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006002037A2 (fr) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox |
| WO2006012102A2 (fr) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-02-02 | Corning Incorporated | Systeme d'echappement d'un moteur diesel |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2007048980A1 * |
| STRATAKIS G A ET AL: "Flow maldistribution measurements in wall-flow diesel filters", INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PROCEEDINGS, PART D: JOURNALOF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS PUBLISHING, BURY ST. EDMUNDS, GB, vol. 218, no. 9, 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01), pages 995 - 1009, XP008116891, ISSN: 0954-4070 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2892641B1 (fr) | 2008-07-11 |
| FR2892641A1 (fr) | 2007-05-04 |
| JP2009513870A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
| WO2007048980A1 (fr) | 2007-05-03 |
| US20080257144A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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