EP1941931A1 - Anchoring device designed to prevent falls - Google Patents
Anchoring device designed to prevent falls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1941931A1 EP1941931A1 EP08356001A EP08356001A EP1941931A1 EP 1941931 A1 EP1941931 A1 EP 1941931A1 EP 08356001 A EP08356001 A EP 08356001A EP 08356001 A EP08356001 A EP 08356001A EP 1941931 A1 EP1941931 A1 EP 1941931A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- post
- plate
- anchoring device
- main direction
- upper wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/04—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion incorporating energy absorbing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/3276—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/3276—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/329—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines with measures for dampening the fall
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/0043—Lifelines, lanyards, and anchors therefore
- A62B35/0068—Anchors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anchoring device for an anti-fall connection or a flexible and mobile belay support, such as a cable.
- the invention more particularly relates to an anchoring device comprising a securing means for forming a fixed anchor point or to cooperate with a flexible anchoring support. In both cases, the securing means essentially undergoes a tensile force.
- an anchoring device is a means of prevention used, for example, when working on roofs of buildings, building facades or structures.
- Such an anchoring device has the function of connecting an individual protection equipment, such as a harness and an anti-fall device, to a fixed structure, while allowing the movement of the speaker on the structure requiring intervention.
- the speaker is connected to a fixed anchor point or to a flexible and mobile belay support, such as a cable or a chain.
- a flexible and mobile belay support such as a cable or a chain.
- this construction is generally referred to as "lifeline”.
- an anchoring device Such an anchoring device thus acts as an interface between the flexible belay support and the bearing surface associated with the structure requiring intervention.
- Permanent anchoring devices are known, that is to say permanently fixed, in which a post is generally associated with a base cooperating with fastening elements, such as bolts or pegs, so as to ensure solid and durable attachment of the anchoring device on the carrier surface.
- the post has the function of raising the cable or chain to avoid harmful contact with the elements of the supporting structure, such as a roof.
- the post is dimensioned to withstand shocks resulting from the falls of speakers, so that it does not move or deforms when it undergoes, through the means of securing, a sudden tensile force and important.
- this is detrimental to neighboring anchoring devices, in the case of a lifeline, or fasteners.
- the anchoring support when it is well tensioned, it transmits to neighboring anchoring devices considerable reaction forces in the main direction of the anchoring support, that is to say generally perpendicular to the effort of traction undergone.
- These reaction forces are all the more intense as the anchoring support deforms little, because the component of the forces that the latter transmits to the anchoring devices or the fastening elements in the main direction of the tensile force is then very weak.
- the belay support transmits significant transverse forces that may damage the anchors.
- the fastening elements such as screws or welds
- FR-A-2,883,758 describes a permanent anchoring device comprising a post associated with a bearing surface via a fastening device.
- the post is surmounted by a post head provided with a tie-down point for a cable.
- This anchoring device thus ensures effective prevention of falls that could be suffered by those involved in the building. It includes an energy absorbing device capable of reducing the impact that an operator would suffer during a fall.
- the construction of such an anchoring device is however complex and expensive. Indeed, this anchoring device is composed of a relatively large number of parts, these parts having specific dimensions for their assembly by mutual adjustment. In addition, the implementation of this material requires the cutting of the roof and may cause sealing problems.
- the flexible belay support suddenly exerts a "shock", that is to say a high and sudden stress, on the anchoring device.
- a shock that is to say a high and sudden stress
- the structure of the anchoring device, and in particular that of the post may be weakened. It is then necessary to replace all or part of the anchoring device.
- the anchoring devices of the prior art do not necessarily give visible signs testifying to such embrittlement.
- GB-A-1,287,186 describes an anchoring device comprising two stanchions each equipped with a securing means. Each post, parallelepiped and formed by four flat walls, defines a home cradle for a square section pole. Each post is immobilized on a carrier plate by means of weld seams. However, the position of these weld seams and that of the posts are not adapted to the efforts that must support an anchoring device, especially in dynamic mode (fall) when such efforts can reach high intensities.
- US-A-6,053,281 and U.S. 4,830,341 describe anchoring devices whose bollards are cradles of pole receivers and which are adapted to the forces undergone in static mode, but little or no effort experienced in dynamic mode.
- the present invention therefore more particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages. It aims in particular to provide a simple anchoring device and easy to assemble and install on a carrier surface.
- the invention relates to an anchoring device whose possible embrittlement is easy to observe, in order to induce the replacement of the damaged elements.
- the present invention thus relates to an anchoring device whose construction and installation are simple and economical, and which reveals its possible embrittlement.
- the invention relates to an anchoring device which comprises a post equipped with a securing means capable of undergoing a tensile force.
- the post is generally parallelepipedal and formed by four flat walls, the post is immobilized on a carrier plate by two weld seams along two free edges of one of said flat walls which is in surface abutment on said plate, and the weld seams and the free edges are generally orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the post and parallel to a main direction in which the tensile force is exerted.
- the parallelepipedic term preferably designates a right parallelepiped.
- free edges is meant the edges of the wall that are not directly adjacent to another plane wall.
- tensile force is meant mainly a “dynamic” effort, acting briefly and comparable to a shock.
- the anchoring device is also subjected to tensile forces "static" less intense and exercising continuously.
- the post has a hollow box structure welded by two cords on the plate carrier, which is attached to the carrier surface.
- the present invention therefore allows a construction and a relatively simple installation of an anchoring device capable of presenting a plastic deformation after undergoing a shock to weaken or damage its structure.
- the post absorbs energy during the impact and its plastic deformation changes the direction of the reaction forces.
- the anchoring device object of the invention is therefore particularly capable of withstanding significant efforts in dynamic mode, for example during the fall of an operator.
- such a post may be composed of a single section of rectangular section tube whose free edges are perpendicular to a central axis of this pipe section.
- the arrangement of this post relative to the main direction of the force developed by a fall allows it to present a visible deformation in case of significant shock, thus inducing its replacement without delay.
- the anchoring device may further comprise plugs adapted to obstruct the lateral openings of the pipe section, these plugs being removable so as to be ejected from these openings when the post is deformed.
- plugs adapted to obstruct the lateral openings of the pipe section, these plugs being removable so as to be ejected from these openings when the post is deformed.
- the securing means may consist of a flat plate fixed on and parallel to the upper wall of the post, this plate having a protruding protruding portion for securing a support of belay, while it is fixed on the upper wall by means of weld seams made around this plate.
- the lashing plate thus fixed to the post can transmit the forces exerted by a cable or a chain constituting a flexible belay support, so that the post can absorb the energy developed during an impact.
- the securing means may consist of a ring bolted to the upper wall of the post.
- the securing means may consist of a bracket bolted to the upper wall of the post and provided with a ring adapted to receive an anti-fall connection or a belay support. Such means make it possible to easily and rapidly secure a flexible belay support.
- the post can be raised above the plate from a height of between 50 mm and 150 mm, it can extend on this plate parallel to the main direction of the tensile force over a width included between 30 mm and 70 mm, and it can extend on this plate transversely to this main direction over a length of between 60 mm and 100 mm, the flat walls having a thickness of between 2 mm and 4 mm.
- Such dimensions of the post allow, depending on the material that constitutes it, to determine its limit in plastic deformation.
- the plate may have the shape of a rectangle whose side length is between 350 mm and 500 mm, and the plate may have a thickness of between 1 mm and 3 mm.
- the post and the plate may be made of a mild steel. Such a material has a good weldability, which facilitates the installation of the post on the carrier plate.
- the post may be able to withstand, without plastic deformation, a tensile force exerted along the main direction and intensity less than or equal to 27kN.
- the anchoring device illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a carrier plate 1 horizontal having a plurality of fixing holes 2 for securing, by means of screws or studs represented by their axis lines 21, to an underlying bearing surface belonging to the roof of a building.
- the bearing surface may for example be constituted by a steel tank on the roof of the building.
- the anchoring device comprises a post 3 which is associated with a securing means 4.
- This securing means 4 consists of a flat plate fixed to the post 3.
- the plate 4 has an opening 5 through which can pass, for example, a not shown carabiner for retaining a flexible and movable belay support, also not shown, the latter may consist of a chain or a cable. This cable or chain thus exerts a tensile force on its securing means, in this case on the plate 4.
- the tensile force is generated by a mass suspended at the other end of the flexible belay support.
- This mass may consist of one or more harnessed participants.
- the anchoring devices are most often fixed on the bearing surface near an empty space adjacent to the structure requiring intervention.
- the anchoring devices can be fixed to the edge of the roof of a building to maintain.
- the tensile force exerted by the cable or the chain on its lashing means 4 is most often directed towards this empty space, so that it has a preferred direction.
- the tensile force decomposed in an XYZ reference linked to the anchoring device has a principal component F y and one or more secondary components, that is to say of less intensity.
- This principal component F y of the effort of traction determines the arrangement of the anchoring device with respect to the carrier plate 1.
- the tensile stress is horizontal and parallel to the Y axis.
- the tensile stress is equal to its principal component F y , the other components being most often negligible .
- D F the principal direction of the main component F y which is parallel to the Y axis.
- the post 3 is formed of a generally rectangular section tube section and is denoted with X 3 and the longitudinal central axis.
- the post 3 comprises four flat and rectangular plates which form the sides of the pipe section.
- a first plate 31 rests flat on the plate 1.
- Two side plates 32 and 33 extend perpendicular to the plate 31 to which they are connected by right-angle fold lines, respectively 34 and 35.
- An upper plate 36 connects plates 32 and 33 to which it is connected by two fold lines at right angles, respectively 37 and 38.
- the post 3 is welded to the carrier plate 1 by means of two welding beads 7A and 7B which extend parallel to the direction D F.
- the weld beads 7A and 7B are orthogonal to the axis X 3 .
- the ridges of the post, located at the base of the side walls 31 and 32 and formed by the fold lines 33 and 34 are free of welding.
- the weld beads 7A and 7B are arranged along the free edges of the plate 31, that is to say the edges of this plate which are not connected to another plate by a fold line 34 or 35. A of these free edges is visible at the figure 1 with the reference 311, the two free edges 311 and 312 are visible on the figure 4 .
- the post 3 is made of a mild steel, for example, just like the carrier plate 1 and the plate 4.
- a mild steel indeed has good weldability and makes it possible to ensure resistance to plastic deformation determined by ratio to the maximum tensile force F y likely to be exerted on the anchoring device in the direction D F.
- This steel can be subjected, after welding, to a treatment so as to confer a corrosion resistance.
- the post 3 has a height of 100 mm, a length of 80 mm and a width of 50 mm.
- the height, the length and the width being respectively defined with respect to the axes Z, X and Y represented on the figure 1 .
- These height, length and width can be respectively between 50 mm and 150 mm, between 30 mm and 70 mm in between 60 mm and 100 mm.
- the walls of the post 3 are flat and have a thickness of 3 mm, that is to say between 2 mm and 4 mm.
- the carrier plate may be composed of a flat plate mild steel rectangle whose sides have a length between 350 mm and 500 mm and whose thickness is between 1 mm and 3 mm.
- the plate consists of a square plate of 435 mm side and its thickness is 2 mm.
- the dimensions of the plate and the positions of its fasteners depend on the dimensions of the carrier surface and in particular the spacing of the waves of the steel tank.
- the plate 4 which may also be made of mild steel, is welded to the upper wall of the post 3 by means of weld seams 8A, 8B and 8C made on along three edges of the plate 4 on the outer face of the upper plate 36.
- a weld bead 8D connects the edge formed by the fold line 37 to the lower surface 41 of the plate 4 which is oriented towards the platinum 1.
- the plate 4 has a portion 42 projecting from the post 3 to accommodate the opening opening 5.
- the weld beads 8A-8D could also consist of disjoint solder segments.
- the plate 4 can be replaced by a securing means 204 with a double ring or by a securing means consisting of a 304 "J" bracket provided with a section of tube 341 opening for the passage of a cable .
- the elements 204 and 304 are fixed on the post 3 by means of a bolt 44 which passes through an orifice provided for this purpose in the upper plate 36 of the post 3. They may be constituted by any means by which one can pass and maintain a flexible belay support.
- the anchoring device object of the present invention comprises two plugs 9A and 9B removably mounted on the lateral openings defined by the hollow section of the post 3.
- the plugs 9A and 9B may consist for example of a polymer material and are dimensioned so as to be ejected from the lateral openings of the post 3 when the latter undergoes a plastic deformation.
- the plugs 9A and 9B thus play the role of directly visible witnesses of a plastic deformation, even minor, of the post 3.
- the post 3 has a plastic deformation when it undergoes a tensile force F y greater than a first value, for example about 27kN.
- the present invention has been described here for a flexible anchoring support, such as a lifeline, but it is also applicable to a fixed anchor point with an anti-fall connection connected to the harness of the speaker.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention a trait à un dispositif d'ancrage pour une liaison anti-chute ou un support d'assurage flexible et mobile, tel qu'un câble. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif d'ancrage comprenant un moyen d'arrimage destiné à former un point d'ancrage fixe ou à coopérer avec un support d'assurage flexible. Dans ces deux cas, le moyen d'arrimage subit essentiellement un effort de traction.The present invention relates to an anchoring device for an anti-fall connection or a flexible and mobile belay support, such as a cable. The invention more particularly relates to an anchoring device comprising a securing means for forming a fixed anchor point or to cooperate with a flexible anchoring support. In both cases, the securing means essentially undergoes a tensile force.
Dans le domaine des équipements de protection contre les chutes de hauteur, un dispositif d'ancrage est un moyen de prévention utilisé, par exemple, lors d'intervention sur des toits de bâtiments, des façades d'immeubles ou des ouvrages d'art. Un tel dispositif d'ancrage a pour fonction de relier un équipement de protection individuelle, tel qu'un harnais et un dispositif anti-chute, à une structure fixe, tout en permettant le déplacement de l'intervenant sur la structure nécessitant une intervention.In the field of fall protection equipment, an anchoring device is a means of prevention used, for example, when working on roofs of buildings, building facades or structures. Such an anchoring device has the function of connecting an individual protection equipment, such as a harness and an anti-fall device, to a fixed structure, while allowing the movement of the speaker on the structure requiring intervention.
Ainsi, l'intervenant est relié à un point d'ancrage fixe ou à un support d'assurage flexible et mobile, tel qu'un câble ou une chaîne. Dans ce dernier cas, cette construction est généralement dénommée « ligne de vie ». Dans les deux cas, il est nécessaire de fixer solidement l'équipement mis en oeuvre à la surface porteuse au moyen d'un dispositif d'ancrage. Un tel dispositif d'ancrage joue ainsi le rôle d'interface entre le support d'assurage flexible et la surface porteuse associée à la structure nécessitant une intervention.Thus, the speaker is connected to a fixed anchor point or to a flexible and mobile belay support, such as a cable or a chain. In the latter case, this construction is generally referred to as "lifeline". In both cases, it is necessary to securely fix the equipment used to the bearing surface by means of an anchoring device. Such an anchoring device thus acts as an interface between the flexible belay support and the bearing surface associated with the structure requiring intervention.
On connaît des dispositifs d'ancrage permanents, c'est-à-dire fixés à demeure, dans lesquels un potelet est généralement associé à une embase coopérant avec des éléments de fixation, tels que des boulons ou des chevilles, de façon à assurer une fixation solide et durable du dispositif d'ancrage sur la surface porteuse. Le potelet a pour fonction d'élever le câble ou la chaîne afin d'éviter un contact préjudiciable avec les éléments de la structure porteuse, telle qu'une toiture.Permanent anchoring devices are known, that is to say permanently fixed, in which a post is generally associated with a base cooperating with fastening elements, such as bolts or pegs, so as to ensure solid and durable attachment of the anchoring device on the carrier surface. The post has the function of raising the cable or chain to avoid harmful contact with the elements of the supporting structure, such as a roof.
Le potelet est dimensionné pour résister aux chocs consécutifs aux chutes d'intervenants, si bien qu'il ne bouge ni ne se déforme lorsqu'il subit, par l'intermédiaire du moyen d'arrimage, un effort de traction brusque et important. Or, cela s'avère préjudiciable aux dispositifs d'ancrage voisins, dans le cas d'une ligne de vie, ou aux éléments de fixation. En effet, lorsque le support d'ancrage est bien tendu, il transmet aux dispositifs d'ancrage voisins des efforts de réaction considérables selon la direction principale du support d'ancrage, c'est-à-dire globalement perpendiculairement à l'effort de traction subi. Ces efforts de réaction sont d'autant plus intenses que le support d'ancrage se déforme peu, car la composante des efforts que ce dernier transmet aux dispositifs d'ancrage ou aux éléments de fixation selon la direction principale de l'effort de traction est alors très faible. Ainsi, le support d'assurage transmet des efforts transversaux importants qui risquent d'endommager les dispositifs d'ancrage. Par ailleurs, dans le cas d'un point d'ancrage fixe, la même cause induit la transmission d'efforts considérables sur les éléments de fixation, tels que des vis ou soudures, de la surface porteuse.The post is dimensioned to withstand shocks resulting from the falls of speakers, so that it does not move or deforms when it undergoes, through the means of securing, a sudden tensile force and important. However, this is detrimental to neighboring anchoring devices, in the case of a lifeline, or fasteners. Indeed, when the anchoring support is well tensioned, it transmits to neighboring anchoring devices considerable reaction forces in the main direction of the anchoring support, that is to say generally perpendicular to the effort of traction undergone. These reaction forces are all the more intense as the anchoring support deforms little, because the component of the forces that the latter transmits to the anchoring devices or the fastening elements in the main direction of the tensile force is then very weak. Thus, the belay support transmits significant transverse forces that may damage the anchors. Moreover, in the case of a fixed anchor point, the same cause induces the transmission of considerable forces on the fastening elements, such as screws or welds, of the bearing surface.
Par ailleurs,
En outre, en cas de chute d'un intervenant, le support d'assurage flexible exerce brusquement un « choc », c'est-à-dire une contrainte élevée et brusque, sur le dispositif d'ancrage. Lorsqu'un tel choc se répète, la structure du dispositif d'ancrage, et en particulier celle du potelet, peut se trouver fragilisée. Il est alors nécessaire de remplacer tout ou partie du dispositif d'ancrage. Néanmoins, les dispositifs d'ancrage de l'art antérieur ne donnent pas forcément de signes visibles témoignant d'une telle fragilisation.In addition, in the event of a fall of a speaker, the flexible belay support suddenly exerts a "shock", that is to say a high and sudden stress, on the anchoring device. When such shock repeats, the structure of the anchoring device, and in particular that of the post, may be weakened. It is then necessary to replace all or part of the anchoring device. Nevertheless, the anchoring devices of the prior art do not necessarily give visible signs testifying to such embrittlement.
De même,
La présente invention a donc plus particulièrement pour objectif de remédier à ces inconvénients. Elle vise en particulier à proposer un dispositif d'ancrage simple et facile à assembler et à installer sur une surface porteuse. De plus, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif d'ancrage dont la fragilisation éventuelle est aisée à observer, en vue d'induire le remplacement des éléments endommagés. La présente invention se rapporte donc à un dispositif d'ancrage dont la construction et l'installation sont simples et économiques, et qui laisse apparaître son éventuelle fragilisation.The present invention therefore more particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages. It aims in particular to provide a simple anchoring device and easy to assemble and install on a carrier surface. In addition, the invention relates to an anchoring device whose possible embrittlement is easy to observe, in order to induce the replacement of the damaged elements. The present invention thus relates to an anchoring device whose construction and installation are simple and economical, and which reveals its possible embrittlement.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif d'ancrage qui comprend un potelet équipé d'un moyen d'arrimage susceptible de subir un effort de traction. Selon l'invention, le potelet est globalement parallélépipédique et formé par quatre parois planes, le potelet est immobilisé sur une platine porteuse par deux cordons de soudures longeant deux bords libres d'une desdites parois planes qui est en appui surfacique sur ladite platine, et les cordons de soudures et les bords libres sont globalement orthogonaux à un axe longitudinal du potelet et parallèles à une direction principale selon laquelle est exercé l'effort de traction.To this end, the invention relates to an anchoring device which comprises a post equipped with a securing means capable of undergoing a tensile force. According to the invention, the post is generally parallelepipedal and formed by four flat walls, the post is immobilized on a carrier plate by two weld seams along two free edges of one of said flat walls which is in surface abutment on said plate, and the weld seams and the free edges are generally orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the post and parallel to a main direction in which the tensile force is exerted.
Le terme parallélépipédique désigne de préférence un parallélépipède droit. Par bords libres, on désigne les bords de la paroi que ne sont pas directement voisins d'une autre paroi plane. Par effort de traction, on désigne surtout un effort « dynamique », s'exerçant brièvement et assimilable à un choc. Le dispositif d'ancrage est aussi soumis à des efforts de traction « statiques » moins intenses et s'exerçant de manière continue. En d'autres termes, le potelet présente une structure de boîte creuse soudée par deux cordons sur la platine porteuse, laquelle est fixée à la surface porteuse. La présente invention permet donc une construction et une installation relativement simple d'un dispositif d'ancrage apte à présenter une déformation plastique après avoir subi un choc propre à fragiliser ou endommager sa structure. De plus, le potelet absorbe de l'énergie lors du choc et sa déformation plastique modifie la direction des efforts de réaction.The parallelepipedic term preferably designates a right parallelepiped. By free edges is meant the edges of the wall that are not directly adjacent to another plane wall. By tensile force, is meant mainly a "dynamic" effort, acting briefly and comparable to a shock. The anchoring device is also subjected to tensile forces "static" less intense and exercising continuously. In other words, the post has a hollow box structure welded by two cords on the plate carrier, which is attached to the carrier surface. The present invention therefore allows a construction and a relatively simple installation of an anchoring device capable of presenting a plastic deformation after undergoing a shock to weaken or damage its structure. In addition, the post absorbs energy during the impact and its plastic deformation changes the direction of the reaction forces.
Le dispositif d'ancrage objet de l'invention est donc en particulier apte à supporter des efforts importants en mode dynamique, par exemple lors de la chute d'un opérateur.The anchoring device object of the invention is therefore particularly capable of withstanding significant efforts in dynamic mode, for example during the fall of an operator.
En pratique, un tel potelet peut être composé d'un simple tronçon de tube à section rectangulaire, dont les bords libres sont perpendiculaires à un axe central de ce tronçon de tube. La disposition de ce potelet par rapport à la direction principale de l'effort développé par une chute lui permet de présenter une déformation visible en cas de choc important, induisant ainsi son remplacement sans délai.In practice, such a post may be composed of a single section of rectangular section tube whose free edges are perpendicular to a central axis of this pipe section. The arrangement of this post relative to the main direction of the force developed by a fall allows it to present a visible deformation in case of significant shock, thus inducing its replacement without delay.
De manière pratique, le dispositif d'ancrage peut en outre comprendre des bouchons aptes à obstruer les ouvertures latérales du tronçon de tube, ces bouchons étant amovibles de manière à être éjectés de ces ouvertures lorsque le potelet est déformé. De tels bouchons peuvent ainsi remplir la fonction de témoin des chocs importants, dans la mesure où ils sont éjectés du dispositif d'ancrage.Conveniently, the anchoring device may further comprise plugs adapted to obstruct the lateral openings of the pipe section, these plugs being removable so as to be ejected from these openings when the post is deformed. Such caps can thus fulfill the function of witnessing significant shocks, insofar as they are ejected from the anchoring device.
Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le moyen d'arrimage peut être constitué d'une plaque plane fixée sur et parallèlement à la paroi supérieure du potelet, cette plaque présentant une partie débordante perforée pour l'arrimage d'un support d'assurage, alors qu'elle est fixée sur la paroi supérieure par l'intermédiaire de cordons de soudures réalisés autour de cette plaque. La plaque d'arrimage ainsi fixée sur le potelet peut lui transmettre les efforts exercés par un câble ou une chaîne constituant un support d'assurage flexible, si bien que le potelet peut absorber l'énergie développée lors d'un choc.According to one embodiment of the invention, the securing means may consist of a flat plate fixed on and parallel to the upper wall of the post, this plate having a protruding protruding portion for securing a support of belay, while it is fixed on the upper wall by means of weld seams made around this plate. The lashing plate thus fixed to the post can transmit the forces exerted by a cable or a chain constituting a flexible belay support, so that the post can absorb the energy developed during an impact.
Selon une forme de réalisation alternative, le moyen d'arrimage peut être constitué d'un anneau boulonné sur la paroi supérieure du potelet. En variante, le moyen d'arrimage peut être constitué d'une équerre boulonnée sur la paroi supérieure du potelet et munie d'un anneau apte à recevoir une liaison anti-chute ou un support d'assurage. De tels moyens permettent d'arrimer aisément et rapidement un support d'assurage flexible.According to an alternative embodiment, the securing means may consist of a ring bolted to the upper wall of the post. Alternatively, the securing means may consist of a bracket bolted to the upper wall of the post and provided with a ring adapted to receive an anti-fall connection or a belay support. Such means make it possible to easily and rapidly secure a flexible belay support.
En pratique, le potelet peut s'élever au-dessus de la platine d'une hauteur comprise entre 50 mm et 150 mm, il peut s'étendre sur cette platine parallèlement à la direction principale de l'effort de traction sur une largeur comprise entre 30 mm et 70 mm, et il peut s'étendre sur cette platine transversalement à cette direction principale sur une longueur comprise entre 60 mm et 100 mm, les parois planes possédant une épaisseur comprise entre 2 mm et 4 mm. De telles dimensions du potelet permettent, en fonction du matériau qui le constitue, de déterminer sa limite en déformation plastique.In practice, the post can be raised above the plate from a height of between 50 mm and 150 mm, it can extend on this plate parallel to the main direction of the tensile force over a width included between 30 mm and 70 mm, and it can extend on this plate transversely to this main direction over a length of between 60 mm and 100 mm, the flat walls having a thickness of between 2 mm and 4 mm. Such dimensions of the post allow, depending on the material that constitutes it, to determine its limit in plastic deformation.
Par ailleurs, la platine peut présenter la forme d'un rectangle dont la longueur des côtés est comprise entre 350 mm et 500 mm, et la platine peut posséder une épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 3 mm.Furthermore, the plate may have the shape of a rectangle whose side length is between 350 mm and 500 mm, and the plate may have a thickness of between 1 mm and 3 mm.
Selon une forme de réalisation pratique de l'invention, le potelet et la platine peuvent être constitués d'un acier doux. Un tel matériau présente une bonne aptitude à la soudure, ce qui facilite l'installation du potelet sur la platine porteuse.According to a practical embodiment of the invention, the post and the plate may be made of a mild steel. Such a material has a good weldability, which facilitates the installation of the post on the carrier plate.
Selon une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, le potelet peut être capable de résister, sans déformation plastique, à un effort de traction exercé selon la direction principale et d'intensité inférieure ou égale à 27kN.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the post may be able to withstand, without plastic deformation, a tensile force exerted along the main direction and intensity less than or equal to 27kN.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre de trois modes de réalisation d'un dispositif d'ancrage conforme à l'invention, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'un dispositif d'ancrage conforme à une première forme de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 2 est une représentation schématique en vue de côté sans les bouchons du dispositif d'ancrage de lafigure 1 , lors de l'application d'un effort de traction ayant une intensité donnée ; - la
figure 3 est une représentation analogue à lafigure 2 lors de l'application d'un effort de traction ayant une intensité supérieure à celle de l'effort de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 4 est une représentation schématique en vue de dessus d'une partie du dispositif d'ancrage de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 5 est une représentation schématique analogue à lafigure 2 pour un dispositif d'ancrage conforme à un second mode de réalisation ; et - la
figure 6 est une représentation schématique analogue à lafigure 2 pour un dispositif d'ancrage conforme à un troisième mode de réalisation.
- the
figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation in perspective of an anchoring device according to a first embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 2 is a schematic representation in side view without the plugs of the anchoring device of thefigure 1 when applying a tensile force having a given intensity; - the
figure 3 is a representation similar to thefigure 2 when applying a tensile force having an intensity greater than that of the force of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 4 is a schematic representation in plan view of a part of the anchoring device of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 5 is a schematic representation similar to thefigure 2 for an anchoring device according to a second embodiment; and - the
figure 6 is a schematic representation similar to thefigure 2 for an anchoring device according to a third embodiment.
Le dispositif d'ancrage illustré aux
Conformément à l'invention, le dispositif d'ancrage comprend un potelet 3 auquel est associé un moyen d'arrimage 4. Ce moyen d'arrimage 4 est constitué d'une plaque plane fixée sur le potelet 3. De plus, la plaque 4 présente un orifice débouchant 5 que peut traverser, par exemple, un mousqueton non représenté destiné à retenir un support d'assurage flexible et mobile, également non représenté, ce dernier pouvant être constitué d'une chaîne ou d'un câble. Ce câble ou cette chaîne exerce donc un effort de traction sur son moyen d'arrimage, en l'occurrence sur la plaque 4.According to the invention, the anchoring device comprises a
L'effort de traction est engendré par une masse suspendue à l'autre extrémité du support d'assurage flexible. Cette masse peut être constituée par un ou plusieurs intervenants harnachés.The tensile force is generated by a mass suspended at the other end of the flexible belay support. This mass may consist of one or more harnessed participants.
Les dispositifs d'ancrage sont le plus souvent fixés sur la surface porteuse à proximité d'un espace vide jouxtant la structure nécessitant l'intervention. Les dispositifs d'ancrage peuvent ainsi être fixés vers le bord du toit d'un bâtiment à entretenir.The anchoring devices are most often fixed on the bearing surface near an empty space adjacent to the structure requiring intervention. The anchoring devices can be fixed to the edge of the roof of a building to maintain.
Par conséquent, l'effort de traction qu'exerce le câble ou la chaîne sur son moyen d'arrimage 4 se trouve le plus souvent dirigé vers cet espace vide, si bien qu'il présente donc une direction privilégiée. Plus exactement, l'effort de traction décomposé dans un repère X-Y-Z lié au dispositif d'ancrage présente une composante principale Fy et une ou plusieurs composantes secondaires c'est-à-dire de moindre intensité. Cette composante principale Fy de l'effort de traction détermine la disposition du dispositif d'ancrage par rapport à la platine porteuse 1. Dans l'exemple des
Le potelet 3 est formé d'un tronçon de tube à section globalement rectangulaire et dont on note X3 l'axe longitudinal et central. Le potelet 3 comprend quatre plaques planes et rectangulaires qui forment les côtés du tronçon de tube. Une première plaque 31 repose à plat sur la platine 1. Deux plaques latérales 32 et 33 s'étendent perpendiculairement à la plaque 31 à laquelle elles sont reliées par des lignes de pliage à angle droit, respectivement 34 et 35. Une plaque supérieure 36 relie les plaques 32 et 33 auxquelles elle est reliée par deux lignes de pliage à angle droit, respectivement 37 et 38.The
Le potelet 3 est soudé sur la platine porteuse 1 par l'intermédiaire de deux cordons de soudure 7A et 7B qui s'étendent parallèlement à la direction DF. En d'autres termes, les cordons de soudure 7A et 7B sont orthogonaux à l'axe X3. Les arêtes du potelet, situées à la base des parois latérales 31 et 32 et formées par les lignes de pliage 33 et 34 sont exemptes de soudure.The
Les cordons de soudure 7A et 7B sont disposés le long des bords libres de la plaque 31, c'est-à-dire des bords de cette plaque qui ne sont pas reliés à une autre plaque par une ligne de pliage 34 ou 35. Un de ces bords libres est visible à la
Cette disposition des cordons 7A et 7B permet d'assurer une solidarisation ferme du potelet 3 sur la platine 1, tout en limitant la quantité de soudure nécessaire. On réalise ainsi une solidarisation simple, efficace et économique du potelet 3 sur la platine porteuse 1. On notera que les cordons de soudures pourraient aussi être divisés en plusieurs segments de soudure.This arrangement of the
Le potelet 3 est constitué d'un acier doux, par exemple, tout comme la platine porteuse 1 et la plaque 4. Un tel matériau présente en effet une bonne aptitude à la soudure et permet d'assurer une résistance à la déformation plastique déterminée par rapport à l'effort de traction Fy maximal susceptible de s'exercer sur le dispositif d'ancrage selon la direction DF. Cet acier peut être soumis, après soudage, à un traitement de façon à lui conférer une résistance en corrosion.The
Dans l'exemple de la
Enfin, la platine porteuse peut être composée d'une plaque plane en acier doux en forme de rectangle dont les côtés présentent une longueur comprise entre 350 mm et 500 mm et dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 1 mm et 3 mm. Dans l'exemple de la figue 1, la platine est constituée d'une plaque carrée de 435 mm de côté et son épaisseur vaut 2 mm. En fait, les dimensions de la platine et les positions de ses éléments de fixation dépendent des dimensions de la surface porteuse et notamment de l'écartement des ondes du bac en acier.Finally, the carrier plate may be composed of a flat plate mild steel rectangle whose sides have a length between 350 mm and 500 mm and whose thickness is between 1 mm and 3 mm. In the example of fig 1, the plate consists of a square plate of 435 mm side and its thickness is 2 mm. In fact, the dimensions of the plate and the positions of its fasteners depend on the dimensions of the carrier surface and in particular the spacing of the waves of the steel tank.
Conformément à la première forme de réalisation de l'invention, la plaque 4, qui peut également être constituée d'acier doux, est soudée sur la paroi supérieure du potelet 3 par l'intermédiaire de cordons de soudures 8A, 8B et 8C réalisés le long de trois arêtes de la plaque 4 sur la face extérieure de la plaque supérieure 36. En outre un cordon de soudure 8D relie l'arête formée par la ligne de pliage 37 à la surface inférieure 41 de la plaque 4 qui est orientée vers la platine 1. En effet, la plaque 4 présente une partie 42 débordante par rapport au potelet 3 pour loger l'orifice débouchant 5. Les cordons de soudure 8A-8D pourraient aussi être constitués de segments de soudure disjoints.According to the first embodiment of the invention, the
En variante, comme le montrent les
Par ailleurs, le dispositif d'ancrage objet de la présente invention comprend deux bouchons 9A et 9B montés amovibles sur les ouvertures latérales définies par la section creuse du potelet 3. Les bouchons 9A et 9B peuvent être constitués par exemple d'un matériau polymère et sont dimensionnés de manière à être éjectés des ouvertures latérales du potelet 3 lorsque ce dernier subit une déformation plastique. Les bouchons 9A et 9B jouent ainsi le rôle de témoins directement visibles d'une déformation plastique, même mineure, du potelet 3.Furthermore, the anchoring device object of the present invention comprises two
Compte tenu des dimensionnements précédemment exposés, le potelet 3 présente une déformation plastique lorsqu'il subit un effort de traction Fy supérieur à une première valeur, par exemple voisine de 27kN.Given the dimensions previously discussed, the
En fait, la géométrie et les matériaux du dispositif d'ancrage objet de l'invention définissent trois comportements du potelet 3, à savoir :
- Un comportement « neutre » lorsque l'effort Fy est inférieur à la première valeur. Dans ce cas, le potelet 3 présente éventuellement une légère déformation élastique qui disparaît quand l'effort cesse de s'exercer. C'est le mode de fonctionnement normal du dispositif d'ancrage, illustré par la
figure 2 . - Un comportement de déformation plastique lorsque l'effort Fy est compris entre la première valeur et une deuxième valeur, par exemple voisine de 42kN. Dans ce cas illustré par la
figure 3 ,le potelet 3 se déforme et les bouchons9A et 9B sont éjectés. Il faut alors remplacer le potelet 3. Ainsi, l'invention permet de rendre immédiatement visible sur le dispositif d'ancrage l'occurrence d'un choc susceptible d'avoir fragilisé ou endommagé la structure de ce dispositif. - Un comportement extrême pour un effort Fy supérieur à cette deuxième valeur. Dans ce cas, les soudures 7A et 7B peuvent commencer à s'arracher ou la platine 1 à se déformer. Il faut néanmoins que cette deuxième valeur soit largement supérieure à l'intensité d'un choc consécutif à la chute d'un intervenant, ce qui garantit la sécurité de cet intervenant.
- A behavior "neutral" when the force F is less than the first value. In this case, the
post 3 may have a slight elastic deformation which disappears when the effort ceases to be exercised. This is the normal operating mode of the anchoring device, illustrated by thefigure 2 . - A plastic deformation behavior when the effort F y is between the first value and a second value, for example close to 42kN. In this case illustrated by the
figure 3 , thepost 3 is deformed and the 9A and 9B are ejected. It is then necessary to replace theplugs post 3. Thus, the invention makes it possible to immediately make visible on the anchoring device the occurrence of a shock that may have weakened or damaged the structure of this device. - Extreme behavior for an effort F y greater than this second value. In this case, the
7A and 7B may begin to tear or thewelds plate 1 to deform. However, this second value must be much greater than the intensity of a shock following the fall of a stakeholder, which guarantees the safety of this stakeholder.
C'est par exemple le cas lorsqu'un intervenant chute et qu'il est retenu par le câble et son harnais qui transmettent alors brusquement un effort de traction Fy au dispositif d'ancrage.This is for example the case when a stakeholder falls down and is held by the cable and its harness, which then suddenly transmit a tensile force F y to the anchoring device.
La présente invention a été ici décrite pour un support d'ancrage flexible, tel qu'une ligne de vie, mais elle trouve également à s'appliquer à un point d'ancrage fixe avec une liaison anti-chute reliée au harnais de l'intervenant.The present invention has been described here for a flexible anchoring support, such as a lifeline, but it is also applicable to a fixed anchor point with an anti-fall connection connected to the harness of the speaker.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0700076A FR2911074B1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2007-01-08 | ANCHOR DEVICE FOR PREVENTING FALLS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1941931A1 true EP1941931A1 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
EP1941931B1 EP1941931B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
Family
ID=38229771
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08356001A Expired - Fee Related EP1941931B1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2008-01-07 | Anchoring device designed to prevent falls |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1941931B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602008000983D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2344032T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2911074B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1287186A (en) | 1970-03-11 | 1972-08-31 | E St John Holt And Associates | Guard rail support |
US4830341A (en) | 1987-12-31 | 1989-05-16 | Institut De Recherche En Sante Et En Securite Du Travail Du Quebec | Anchor for temporary safety fence |
US6053281A (en) | 1997-12-29 | 2000-04-25 | Murray Roofing Company Inc. | Roof perimeter safety rail system |
FR2883758A1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-06 | Capital Safety Group Emea Sa | ENERGY ABSORPTION DEVICE |
-
2007
- 2007-01-08 FR FR0700076A patent/FR2911074B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-07 ES ES08356001T patent/ES2344032T3/en active Active
- 2008-01-07 DE DE602008000983T patent/DE602008000983D1/en active Active
- 2008-01-07 EP EP08356001A patent/EP1941931B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1287186A (en) | 1970-03-11 | 1972-08-31 | E St John Holt And Associates | Guard rail support |
US4830341A (en) | 1987-12-31 | 1989-05-16 | Institut De Recherche En Sante Et En Securite Du Travail Du Quebec | Anchor for temporary safety fence |
US6053281A (en) | 1997-12-29 | 2000-04-25 | Murray Roofing Company Inc. | Roof perimeter safety rail system |
FR2883758A1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-06 | Capital Safety Group Emea Sa | ENERGY ABSORPTION DEVICE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1941931B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
FR2911074B1 (en) | 2009-04-10 |
FR2911074A1 (en) | 2008-07-11 |
DE602008000983D1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
ES2344032T3 (en) | 2010-08-16 |
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