EP1937893B1 - Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1937893B1
EP1937893B1 EP06776829A EP06776829A EP1937893B1 EP 1937893 B1 EP1937893 B1 EP 1937893B1 EP 06776829 A EP06776829 A EP 06776829A EP 06776829 A EP06776829 A EP 06776829A EP 1937893 B1 EP1937893 B1 EP 1937893B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
watermark
dewatering screen
plate
carrier mold
dewatering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06776829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1937893A2 (en
Inventor
Bernd Stumbeck
André Gregarek
Andreas HÄNELT
Thomas Gerhardt
Karlheinz Mayer
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Priority to PL06776829T priority Critical patent/PL1937893T3/en
Priority to SI200630875T priority patent/SI1937893T1/en
Publication of EP1937893A2 publication Critical patent/EP1937893A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1937893B1 publication Critical patent/EP1937893B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/006—Making patterned paper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dewatering screen for the production of multilevel watermarked paper, in particular for the production of securities such as banknotes, checks, identity cards and other security papers.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a dewatering screen and to a method for producing a paper having a multi-level watermark using such a dewatering screen.
  • multi-level In the production of paper with watermarks, a distinction is made between two-level watermarks with a strong light-dark effect and multi-level watermarks with smooth transitions between light and dark and detailed representation of a motif.
  • multi-level is to be understood in contrast to two-stage light-dark watermark and includes all watermarks with more than two brightness levels and includes in particular watermarks with continuous light-dark transitions.
  • electrotypes metal wires or metal moldings, called electrotypes, are applied to the screen structure to produce two-stage watermarks soldered to completely close the drainage screen at these locations.
  • electrotypes metal wires or metal moldings
  • DE 100 64 006 A1 discloses a dewatering screen for the manufacture of multilevel watermarked paper consisting of a carrier wire and a watermark sheet connected thereto.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a dewatering screen of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular allows the production of paper with multi-level watermark high brightness.
  • a dewatering screen of the type mentioned in the introduction comprises a carrier screen and a perforated watermark plate connected to the carrier screen, wherein the carrier screen and the watermark plate are stamped together in the form of the watermark to be produced.
  • the perforations of the watermark sheet ensure dewatering during paper production.
  • the watermark sheet is provided with microperforations, the dimensions of which are so small that fibers do not adhere to them during papermaking.
  • the watermark sheet may in particular be provided with microperforation having a diameter of less than 0.6 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.2 mm. Micro perforations with a diameter of 0.17 mm are particularly suitable.
  • the watermark sheet may have perforations of the same diameter throughout. Of course, it is also possible to combine perforations with different diameters.
  • the perforations of the watermark sheet are preferably arranged regularly and in the form of a matrix in the form of rows and columns. Lines lying one above the other can also be offset from each other by half a hole-to-hole distance.
  • the surface of the watermark sheet is advantageously smooth, so that attach only comparatively few fibers, so that the subsequent watermark a high overall brightness having. Due to the greater brightness, it is advisable to apply the design of the watermark according to the invention sharper than in conventional watermarks and to perform the embossing with a slightly lower modulation.
  • the watermark sheet also has recesses in the form of patterns, characters or codes.
  • These recesses in contrast to the microperforations, are formed with such dimensions that fibers form in them during sheet formation so that the recesses create dark spots in the later watermark.
  • the dimensions of the recesses are typically a few millimeters.
  • the dewatering screen may additionally comprise at least one imperforate metal or plastic molded part adjacent to the watermark sheet for producing two-level watermarks.
  • the watermark sheet in particular the mentioned recesses of the watermark sheet and the adjacent unperforated metal / plastic molding represent information related to each other.
  • the recesses and the molded parts can complement each other to form a contiguous sequence of numbers or a coherent text.
  • the digit string or text may be further related to a graphic motif represented by the watermark sheet.
  • the watermark sheet may show a portrait or architectural motif
  • the recesses and / or moldings may represent a text associated with the motif, such as a name or a signature.
  • the number sequence can also form another independent information, such as the denomination of a banknote.
  • the watermark sheet is preferably glued to the support screen, soldered or welded.
  • the carrier screen is formed by a screen fabric with at least one system of interwoven, longitudinally extending warp threads and weft threads running transversely thereto.
  • the screen fabric may in particular have a single-layer or double-layered binding.
  • the carrier screen is formed by a galvanically produced screen.
  • Such screens have no nodes as they arise through crossovers in the filaments of a conventional sieve.
  • the overall thickness of the screen may be less than that of conventional screens.
  • the carrier screen is formed by a carrier plate provided with drainage openings.
  • such carrier plates have no nodes, so that the total thickness of the screen may possibly be less than in conventional screens and can be used with less material gap when milling the embossing sticks.
  • the Smoother screen surface can lead to much sharper watermarks. Also can be produced in this way inserts for a module screen. It is only necessary to produce small units and use as a module in wells.
  • a computer file performs a desired watermark corresponding milling in plastic.
  • a computer file performs a desired watermark corresponding milling in plastic.
  • electrically conductive printing ink such as silver conductive paint
  • a very fine screen structure is printed on the plastic matrix.
  • a metal layer is deposited along this screen structure in the galvanic bath.
  • the screen structure can also be applied to the plastic matrix by means of photographic processes, similar to the production of semiconductor devices.
  • a sheet metal layer shaped in accordance with the milling does not deposit, as is the case with electroplated embossing dies, but already a finished screen structure. This can then be soldered or welded onto a carrier screen.
  • the sieve structure produced in this way like galvanic sieves, has no nodes and thus allows full sharpness and the finest details in the watermark.
  • the process of embossing can be omitted. This also eliminates the process of converting from the computer file to the watermark, which often results in some alteration of the original. Furthermore, it can already be taken into account when creating the screen structure to be printed on the plastic, where the subsequent watermark is to have particularly light or dark spots, in that the line thickness to be printed on is varied accordingly. This leads to different drainage behavior in the Watermark area and thus allows a large and accurately controllable contrast increase over conventional technology.
  • the described drainage screens may be round screens or wire screens or inclined screens.
  • a sheet is preferably cut out according to the contour of the desired watermark and provided with microperforations, the dimensions of which are so small that they do not adhere to fibers during papermaking.
  • the microperforations are advantageously produced by means of etching or with a laser beam.
  • the watermark sheet is applied to the support screen, preferably glued or welded.
  • a carrier screen in particular a screen mesh can be provided in step a).
  • a carrier screen can be produced in the galvanic bath or a support plate may be provided with drainage openings to form a support screen.
  • the invention further comprises a method for producing a paper, in particular a security paper, with multistage watermarks, in which the paper attachment takes place on a dewatering screen of the type described.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10, a bright multi-level watermark 12 in the form of an in Fig. 1 contains only suggested portraits.
  • the bright watermark 12 produced according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 2 (a) shown in detail. Especially in comparison with the conventional watermark 14 of Fig. 2 (b) the significantly higher overall brightness of the watermark 12 according to the invention can be seen.
  • FIG. 3 a plan view of a section of a dewatering screen 20 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 represents the cutout 40 in the edge region of the watermark plate 24 in detail and
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross section of the Entskyssungssiebs 20 along the line VV of Fig. 3 ,
  • the dewatering screen 20 comprises a carrier screen, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by a screen cloth 22, and a microperforated watermark plate 24, which is welded onto the screen cloth 22.
  • a carrier screen which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by a screen cloth 22, and a microperforated watermark plate 24, which is welded onto the screen cloth 22.
  • the watermark sheet 24 is cut according to the contour 26 of the desired watermark, here the outline of the portrait 12, and provided with a regular matrix-shaped arrangement of micro-perforations 28 to ensure the dewatering in papermaking.
  • the microperforations 28 in the exemplary embodiment have a diameter of 0.18 mm and a perforation-to-perforation distance of 0.20 mm. With this small diameter, no paperwork can be used Adhere fibers in the perforations 28 so that they can not interfere with the later watermark.
  • the microperforations 28 may be introduced into the watermarked sheet 24 by conventional techniques such as etching or laser.
  • the screen fabric 22 and the welded watermark sheet 24 are inventively embossed together according to the relief structure of the desired watermark, as in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 5 shown schematically.
  • the modulation height M of the embossing is chosen to be somewhat lower than in the case of conventional watermarks and may be, for example, about 0.9 mm.
  • the high brightness of the watermarks generated by the dewatering screen 20 is mainly due to the smooth surface of the watermark plate 24, to which only comparatively few fibers can adhere. Because of the greater overall brightness, the watermark design 12 is sharper than conventional watermarks.
  • the watermark sheet 24 may further include selectively formed recesses 30 in the form of patterns, characters, and encodings that result in dark spots in the later watermark.
  • the watermark sheet 24 can also be combined with imperforate molded parts 32 made of metal or plastic, in particular the so-called electrotypes, which produce, for example, two-stage watermarks to represent the denomination of a banknote.
  • the recesses 30 and the molded parts 32 can also represent information related to one another, for example two parts of a total information.
  • the total information from the number sequence "1357911", of which the subsequence "135" is formed by recesses 30 in the watermark sheet 24 and the subsequence "7911” by welded metal mold parts 32.
  • the numbers "135" then appear as a dark place, the numbers "7911” as an immediately adjoining highlight.
  • an alphanumeric string such as a signature or the like, may be used instead of the digit string.

Abstract

The invention relates to a dewatering filter (20) for producing paper comprising multi-layered watermarks, said dewatering filter comprising a support filter (22) and perforated watermark sheet metal (24) which is connected to said support filter (22), wherein the support filter (22) and the watermark sheet metal (24) are embossed together in the form of the watermark which is to be produced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Entwässerungssieb für die Herstellung von Papier mit mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen, insbesondere für die Herstellung von Wertpapieren, wie Banknoten, Schecks, Ausweisen und anderen Sicherheitspapieren. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartige Entwässerungssiebs sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers mit einem mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen unter Verwendung eines solchen Entwässerungssiebs.The invention relates to a dewatering screen for the production of multilevel watermarked paper, in particular for the production of securities such as banknotes, checks, identity cards and other security papers. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a dewatering screen and to a method for producing a paper having a multi-level watermark using such a dewatering screen.

Bei der Papierherstellung auf Rundsiebmaschinen oder Langsiebmaschinen lagert sich Papiermasse kontinuierlich auf einem bewegten Entwässerungssieb an und wird soweit verfestigt, dass sie als feuchte Papierbahn zur Weiterbearbeitung vom Entwässerungssieb abgezogen werden kann. Vor allem Sicherheitspapiere für Banknoten, Ausweisdokumente und dergleichen werden zur Absicherung oft mit Wasserzeichen ausgestattet, die eine Überprüfung der Echtheit des Sicherheitspapiers gestatten und die zugleich als Schutz vor unerlaubter Reproduktion dienen.In papermaking on round screening or screening machines, pulp accumulates continuously on a moving dewatering screen and is solidified to the extent that it can be removed as a wet paper web for further processing of the dewatering screen. Above all, security papers for banknotes, identity documents and the like are often equipped with watermarks for security purposes, which permit verification of the authenticity of the security paper and which at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.

Bei der Herstellung von Papier mit Wasserzeichen wird zwischen zweistufigen Wasserzeichen mit einem starken Hell-Dunkel-Effekt und mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen mit weichen Übergängen zwischen Hell und Dunkel und detailreicher Darstellung eines Motivs unterschieden. Der Begriff "mehrstufig" ist dabei in Abgrenzung zu zweistufigen Hell-Dunkel-Wasserzeichen zu verstehen und umfasst alle Wasserzeichen mit mehr als zwei Helligkeitsstufen und schließt insbesondere auch Wasserzeichen mit kontinuierlichen Hell-Dunkel-Übergängen ein.In the production of paper with watermarks, a distinction is made between two-level watermarks with a strong light-dark effect and multi-level watermarks with smooth transitions between light and dark and detailed representation of a motif. The term "multi-level" is to be understood in contrast to two-stage light-dark watermark and includes all watermarks with more than two brightness levels and includes in particular watermarks with continuous light-dark transitions.

Zur Erzeugung von zweistufigen Wasserzeichen werden typischerweise Metalldrähte oder Metallformteile, so genannte Elektrotypen, auf die Siebstruktur aufgelötet, um das Entwässerungssieb an diesen Stellen vollständig zu schließen. Dadurch wird die Papieranlagerung in Teilbereichen des Entwässerungssiebs behindert und es bilden sich dünne Stellen im Papier, die im Durchlicht betrachtet sehr hell erscheinen.Typically, metal wires or metal moldings, called electrotypes, are applied to the screen structure to produce two-stage watermarks soldered to completely close the drainage screen at these locations. As a result, paper accretion in partial areas of the dewatering screen is hindered and thin spots are formed in the paper, which appear very bright when viewed through transmitted light.

In der Druckschrift WO 03/025281 ist vorgeschlagen worden, das Papiersieb in den gewünschten Bereichen mit einer Verschlussmasse, beispielsweise einem strahlungshärtenden Klebstoff, zu verschließen. Dadurch lassen sich nicht nur zweistufige Wasserzeichen, sondern durch eine entsprechende Rasterung der Verschlussmasse auch mehrstufige Wasserzeichen erzeugen.In the publication WO 03/025281 It has been proposed to close the paper screen in the desired areas with a sealing compound, for example a radiation-curing adhesive. As a result, not only two-level watermarks, but also generate multi-level watermarks by a corresponding screening of the sealing compound.

In der Regel wird allerdings für die Herstellung mehrstufiger Wasserzeichen in das Entwässerungssieb ein dreidimensionales Relief geprägt, so dass die Papierdicke des fertigen Papiers entsprechend dem Relief variiert und im Durchlicht weiche, graduelle Übergänge zwischen helleren und dunkleren Bereichen erkennen lässt. Eine erhöhte Stelle im Sieb führt dabei zu einer dünneren Papierschicht und somit zu einer Hellstelle, während eine tiefere Stelle im Sieb entsprechend zu einer Dunkelstelle führt. Bei den auf diese Weise erzeugten Wasserzeichen wird allerdings oft die geringe Gesamthelligkeit des Erscheinungsbildes der Wasserzeichen bemängelt.In general, however, for the production of multi-level watermark in the dewatering screen a three-dimensional relief is coined, so that the paper thickness of the finished paper varies according to the relief and soft, gradual transitions between lighter and darker areas can be seen in transmitted light. An elevated position in the screen leads to a thinner paper layer and thus to a light spot, while a lower point in the screen leads to a dark spot. However, the watermarks generated in this way often criticize the low overall brightness of the appearance of the watermarks.

In der Druckschrift DE 100 64 006 A1 ist ein Entwässerungssieb für die Herstellung von Papier mit mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen offenbart, bestehend aus einem Trägersieb und einem damit verbundenem Wasserzeichenblech.In the publication DE 100 64 006 A1 discloses a dewatering screen for the manufacture of multilevel watermarked paper consisting of a carrier wire and a watermark sheet connected thereto.

Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Entwässerungssieb der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das die Nachteile des Stands der Technik vermeidet und das insbesondere die Herstellung von Papier mit mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen hoher Helligkeit ermöglicht.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a dewatering screen of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular allows the production of paper with multi-level watermark high brightness.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Entwässerungssieb mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Entwässerungssiebs sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers mit mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen sind in den nebengeordneten Ansprüchen angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the dewatering screen with the features of the main claim. A method for producing a dewatering screen according to the invention and a method for producing a paper with multilevel watermarks are given in the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung enthält ein Entwässerungssieb der eingangs genannten Art ein Trägersieb und ein mit dem Trägersieb verbundenes perforiertes Wasserzeichenblech, wobei das Trägersieb und das Wasserzeichenblech gemeinsam in Form des zu erzeugenden Wasserzeichens verprägt sind. Die Perforationen des Wasserzeichenblechs stellen dabei die Entwässerung bei der Papierherstellung sicher.According to the invention, a dewatering screen of the type mentioned in the introduction comprises a carrier screen and a perforated watermark plate connected to the carrier screen, wherein the carrier screen and the watermark plate are stamped together in the form of the watermark to be produced. The perforations of the watermark sheet ensure dewatering during paper production.

Vorzugsweise ist das Wasserzeichenblech mit Mikroperforation versehen, deren Abmessungen so klein sind, dass in ihnen bei der Papierherstellung keine Fasern anhaften. Das Wasserzeichenblech kann insbesondere mit Mikroperforation mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 0,6 mm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 0,25 mm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0,2 mm versehen sein. Mikroperforationen mit einem Durchmesser von 0,17 mm sind besonders geeignet.Preferably, the watermark sheet is provided with microperforations, the dimensions of which are so small that fibers do not adhere to them during papermaking. The watermark sheet may in particular be provided with microperforation having a diameter of less than 0.6 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.2 mm. Micro perforations with a diameter of 0.17 mm are particularly suitable.

Das Wasserzeichenblech kann Perforationen mit durchgehend gleichem Durchmesser aufweisen. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, Perforationen mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern zu kombinieren.The watermark sheet may have perforations of the same diameter throughout. Of course, it is also possible to combine perforations with different diameters.

Die Perforationen des Wasserzeichenblechs sind vorzugsweise regelmäßig und matrixförmig in Form von Zeilen und Spalten angeordnet. Untereinander liegende Zeilen können dabei auch jeweils um einen halben Loch-zu-Loch-Abstand gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sein. Die Oberfläche des Wasserzeichenblechs ist mit Vorteil glatt, so dass sich nur vergleichsweise wenige Fasern anlagern, so dass das spätere Wasserzeichen eine hohe Gesamthelligkeit aufweist. Aufgrund der größeren Helligkeit empfiehlt es sich, das Design der erfindungsgemäßen Wasserzeichen schärfer als bei herkömmlichen Wasserzeichen anzulegen und die Prägung mit einer etwas geringeren Modulation durchzuführen.The perforations of the watermark sheet are preferably arranged regularly and in the form of a matrix in the form of rows and columns. Lines lying one above the other can also be offset from each other by half a hole-to-hole distance. The surface of the watermark sheet is advantageously smooth, so that attach only comparatively few fibers, so that the subsequent watermark a high overall brightness having. Due to the greater brightness, it is advisable to apply the design of the watermark according to the invention sharper than in conventional watermarks and to perform the embossing with a slightly lower modulation.

Gemäß einer Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung weist das Wasserzeichenblech darüber hinaus Aussparungen in Form von Mustern, Zeichen oder Codierungen auf. Diese Aussparungen sind im Gegensatz zu den Mikroperforationen mit solchen Abmessungen ausgebildet, dass sich bei der Blattbildung Fasern in ihnen ablagern, so dass die Aussparungen Dunkelstellen im späteren Wasserzeichen erzeugen. Um eine gute Erkennbarkeit zu gewährleisten, betragen die Abmessungen der Aussparungen typischerweise einige Millimeter.According to a further development of the invention, the watermark sheet also has recesses in the form of patterns, characters or codes. These recesses, in contrast to the microperforations, are formed with such dimensions that fibers form in them during sheet formation so that the recesses create dark spots in the later watermark. To ensure good visibility, the dimensions of the recesses are typically a few millimeters.

Das Entwässerungssieb kann zusätzlich zumindest ein an das Wasserzeichenblech angrenzendes unperforiertes Metall- oder Kunststoffformteil zur Erzeugung von zweistufigen Wasserzeichen aufweisen. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Wasserzeichenblech, insbesondere die erwähnten Aussparungen des Wasserzeichenblechs und das angrenzende unperforierte Metall-/Kunststoffformteil aufeinander bezogenen Informationen darstellen. Beispielsweise können sich die Aussparungen und die Formteile zu einer zusammenhängenden Ziffernfolge oder einem zusammenhängenden Text ergänzen. Die Ziffernfolge oder der Text können weiter mit einem von dem Wasserzeichenblech dargestellten graphischen Motiv in Beziehung stehen.The dewatering screen may additionally comprise at least one imperforate metal or plastic molded part adjacent to the watermark sheet for producing two-level watermarks. It can be provided that the watermark sheet, in particular the mentioned recesses of the watermark sheet and the adjacent unperforated metal / plastic molding represent information related to each other. For example, the recesses and the molded parts can complement each other to form a contiguous sequence of numbers or a coherent text. The digit string or text may be further related to a graphic motif represented by the watermark sheet.

Beispielsweise kann das Wasserzeichenblech ein Portrait oder ein architektonisches Motiv zeigen, und die Aussparungen und/oder die Formteile einen zu dem Motiv gehörigen Text, wie einen Name oder eine Unterschrift, darstellen. Selbstverständlich kann die Ziffernfolge auch eine weitere unabhängige Information, wie etwa die Denomination einer Banknote, bilden.For example, the watermark sheet may show a portrait or architectural motif, and the recesses and / or moldings may represent a text associated with the motif, such as a name or a signature. Of course, the number sequence can also form another independent information, such as the denomination of a banknote.

Zur Befestigung wird das Wasserzeichenblech bevorzugt mit dem Trägersieb verklebt, verlötet oder verschweißt.For attachment, the watermark sheet is preferably glued to the support screen, soldered or welded.

Das Trägersieb ist in einer bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante durch ein Siebgewebe mit zumindest je einem System von miteinander verwobenen, in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Kettfäden und quer dazu verlaufenden Schussfäden gebildet. Das Siebgewebe kann dabei insbesondere eine einlagige oder doppellagige Bindung aufweisen.In a preferred variant of the invention, the carrier screen is formed by a screen fabric with at least one system of interwoven, longitudinally extending warp threads and weft threads running transversely thereto. The screen fabric may in particular have a single-layer or double-layered binding.

Gemäß einer anderen, ebenfalls bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante ist das Trägersieb durch ein galvanisch hergestelltes Sieb gebildet. Derartige Siebe weisen keine Knotenpunkte auf, wie sie durch Überkreuzungen bei den Siebfäden eines herkömmlichen Siebs entstehen. Die Gesamtdicke des Siebs kann so unter Umständen geringer als bei herkömmlichen Sieben ausfallen. Dadurch kann auch mit geringerem Materialspalt zwischen den Prägestockteilen (Ober- und Unterteil) gearbeitet werden, was die Erhaltung sehr feiner Details im Prägestock/Sieb zur Folge hat. Durch die glattere Sieboberfläche ohne Knotenpunkte kann unter Umständen auch ein sehr viel schärferes Wasserzeichen erhalten werden.According to another, likewise preferred variant of the invention, the carrier screen is formed by a galvanically produced screen. Such screens have no nodes as they arise through crossovers in the filaments of a conventional sieve. The overall thickness of the screen may be less than that of conventional screens. As a result, it is also possible to work with a smaller material gap between the embossed stick parts (upper part and lower part), which results in the preservation of very fine details in the embossing stick / sieve. Due to the smoother screen surface without nodes, a much sharper watermark may also be obtained.

Gemäß einer weiteren, ebenfalls bevorzugten Erfindungsvariante ist das Trägersieb durch ein mit Entwässerungsöffnungen versehenes Trägerblech gebildet. Wie galvanisch hergestellte Siebe weisen derartige Trägerbleche keine Knotenpunkte auf, so dass die Gesamtdicke des Siebs unter Umständen geringer als bei herkömmlichen Sieben ausfallen kann und mit geringerem Materialspalt beim Fräsen der Prägestöcke gearbeitet werden kann. Die glattere Sieboberfläche kann zu sehr viel schärferen Wasserzeichen führen. Auch lassen sich auf diese Weise Einsätze für ein Modulsieb erzeugen. Es ist dabei nur erforderlich, kleine Einheiten herzustellen und als Modul in Vertiefungen einzusetzen.According to a further, likewise preferred variant of the invention, the carrier screen is formed by a carrier plate provided with drainage openings. Like galvanized screens, such carrier plates have no nodes, so that the total thickness of the screen may possibly be less than in conventional screens and can be used with less material gap when milling the embossing sticks. The Smoother screen surface can lead to much sharper watermarks. Also can be produced in this way inserts for a module screen. It is only necessary to produce small units and use as a module in wells.

Nach einer weiteren Verbesserung wird beispielsweise von einer Computerdatei eine dem gewünschten Wasserzeichen entsprechende Fräsung in Kunststoff durchgeführt. Dann wird mittels drucktechnischer Verfahren mit elektrisch leitfähiger Druckfarbe, wie etwa Silberleitlack, eine hochfeine Siebstruktur auf die Kunststoffmatrix aufgedruckt. Anschließend wird entlang dieser Siebstruktur im galvanischen Bad eine Metallschicht abgeschieden. Alternativ kann die Siebstruktur auch mittels photographischer Verfahren, ähnlich wie bei der Herstellung von Halbleiterbausteinen, auf der Kunststoffmatrix aufgebracht werden. Im galvanischen Bad scheidet sich dann nicht eine entsprechend der Fräsung geformte Blechschicht ab, wie dies bei galvanisch hergestellten Prägestöcken der Fall ist, sondern bereits eine fertige Siebstruktur. Diese kann anschließend auf ein Trägersieb aufgelötet oder geschweißt werden.After a further improvement, for example, a computer file performs a desired watermark corresponding milling in plastic. Then, by means of printing technology processes with electrically conductive printing ink, such as silver conductive paint, a very fine screen structure is printed on the plastic matrix. Subsequently, a metal layer is deposited along this screen structure in the galvanic bath. Alternatively, the screen structure can also be applied to the plastic matrix by means of photographic processes, similar to the production of semiconductor devices. In the galvanic bath, a sheet metal layer shaped in accordance with the milling does not deposit, as is the case with electroplated embossing dies, but already a finished screen structure. This can then be soldered or welded onto a carrier screen.

Die so hergestellte Siebstruktur weist, wie galvanische Siebe, keine Knotenpunkte auf und erlaubt somit volle Schärfe und feinste Details im Wasserzeichen. Der Vorgang des Prägens kann entfallen. Dadurch entfällt auch der Umsetzungsvorgang von der Computerdatei zum Wasserzeichen, der oft zu einer gewissen Veränderung des Originals führt. Ferner kann schon bei der Erstellung der auf den Kunststoff aufzudruckenden Siebstruktur berücksichtigt werden, wo das spätere Wasserzeichen besonders helle oder dunkle Stellen aufweisen soll, indem die aufzudruckende Strichstärke entsprechend variiert wird. Dies führt zu unterschiedlichem Entwässerungsverhalten im Wasserzeichenbereich und ermöglicht so eine große und genau kontrollierbare Kontraststeigerung gegenüber herkömmlicher Technik.The sieve structure produced in this way, like galvanic sieves, has no nodes and thus allows full sharpness and the finest details in the watermark. The process of embossing can be omitted. This also eliminates the process of converting from the computer file to the watermark, which often results in some alteration of the original. Furthermore, it can already be taken into account when creating the screen structure to be printed on the plastic, where the subsequent watermark is to have particularly light or dark spots, in that the line thickness to be printed on is varied accordingly. This leads to different drainage behavior in the Watermark area and thus allows a large and accurately controllable contrast increase over conventional technology.

Bei den beschriebenen Entwässerungssieben kann es sich um Rundsiebe oder um Langsiebe oder Schrägsiebe handeln.The described drainage screens may be round screens or wire screens or inclined screens.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung, eines Entwässerungssiebs für die Papierherstellung, bei dem

  1. a) ein Trägersieb und ein perforiertes Wasserzeichenblech bereitgestellt werden,
  2. b) das Wasserzeichenblech mit dem Trägersieb verbunden wird; und
  3. c) das Trägersieb und das Wasserzeichenblech gemeinsam in Form des zu erzeugenden Wasserzeichens verprägt werden.
The invention also includes a method of manufacturing a dewatering screen for papermaking, in which
  1. a) a carrier screen and a perforated watermark plate are provided,
  2. b) the watermark plate is connected to the carrier screen; and
  3. c) the support screen and the watermark sheet are embossed together in the form of the watermark to be generated.

Zur Bereitstellung des perforierten Wasserzeichenblechs in Schritt a) wird vorzugsweise ein Blech entsprechend der Kontur des gewünschten Wasserzeichens ausgeschnitten und mit Mikroperforationen versehen, deren Abmessungen so klein sind, dass in ihnen bei der Papierherstellung keine Fasern anhaften. Die Mikroperforationen werden vorteilhaft mittels Ätztechnik oder mit einem Laserstrahl erzeugt.To provide the perforated watermark sheet in step a), a sheet is preferably cut out according to the contour of the desired watermark and provided with microperforations, the dimensions of which are so small that they do not adhere to fibers during papermaking. The microperforations are advantageously produced by means of etching or with a laser beam.

Anschließend wird das Wasserzeichenblech auf das Trägersieb aufgebracht, vorzugsweise aufgeklebt oder aufgeschweißt.Subsequently, the watermark sheet is applied to the support screen, preferably glued or welded.

Als Trägersieb kann in Schritt a) insbesondere ein Siebgewebe bereitgestellt werden. Alternativ kann ein Trägersieb im galvanischen Bad hergestellt werden oder ein Trägerblech kann zur Ausbildung eines Trägersiebs mit Entwässerungsöffnungen versehen werden.As a carrier screen, in particular a screen mesh can be provided in step a). Alternatively, a carrier screen can be produced in the galvanic bath or a support plate may be provided with drainage openings to form a support screen.

Die Erfindung umfasst ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers, insbesondere eines Sicherheitspapiers, mit mehrstufigen Wasserzeichen, bei dem die Papieranlagerung auf einem Entwässerungssieb der beschriebenen Art erfolgt.The invention further comprises a method for producing a paper, in particular a security paper, with multistage watermarks, in which the paper attachment takes place on a dewatering screen of the type described.

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further embodiments and advantages of the invention will be explained below with reference to the figures, the representation has been dispensed to scale and proportionate reproduction in order to increase the clarity.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem mehr- stufigen Wasserzeichen,
Fig. 2
in (a) ein helles mehrstufiges Wasserzeichen nach der Erfin- dung und in (b) ein herkömmliches Wasserzeichen;
Fig. 3
eine Aufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Entwässerungssiebs;
Fig. 4
einen Detailausschnitt von Fig. 3; und
Fig. 5
schematisch einen Querschnitt des Entwässerungssiebs der Fig. 3 entlang der Linie V-V.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a banknote with a multi-level watermark,
Fig. 2
in (a) a bright multilevel watermark according to the invention and in (b) a conventional watermark;
Fig. 3
a plan view of a section of a dewatering screen according to the invention;
Fig. 4
a detail of Fig. 3 ; and
Fig. 5
schematically a cross section of the dewatering screen of Fig. 3 along the line VV.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend am Beispiel einer Banknote erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt dazu eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote 10, die ein helles mehrstufiges Wasserzeichen 12 in Gestalt eines in Fig. 1 nur angedeuteten Portraits enthält.The invention will be explained below using the example of a banknote. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10, a bright multi-level watermark 12 in the form of an in Fig. 1 contains only suggested portraits.

Das erfindungsgemäß erzeugte, helle Wasserzeichen 12 ist in Fig. 2(a) im Detail dargestellt. Vor allem im Vergleich mit dem herkömmlichen Wasserzeichen 14 der Fig. 2(b) ist die signifikant höhere Gesamthelligkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserzeichens 12 zu erkennen.The bright watermark 12 produced according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 2 (a) shown in detail. Especially in comparison with the conventional watermark 14 of Fig. 2 (b) the significantly higher overall brightness of the watermark 12 according to the invention can be seen.

Um die erfindungsgemäße Erzeugung des hellen Wasserzeichens 12 zu verdeutlichen, zeigt Fig. 3 eine Aufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Entwässerungssiebs 20. Fig. 4 stellt den Ausschnitt 40 im Randbereich des Wasserzeichenblechs 24 im Detail dar und Fig. 5 zeigt schematisch einen Querschnitt des Entwässerungssiebs 20 entlang der Linie V-V der Fig. 3.To illustrate the generation according to the invention of the bright watermark 12, shows Fig. 3 a plan view of a section of a dewatering screen 20 according to the invention. Fig. 4 represents the cutout 40 in the edge region of the watermark plate 24 in detail and Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross section of the Entwässungssiebs 20 along the line VV of Fig. 3 ,

Das Entwässerungssieb 20 umfasst ein Trägersieb, das im Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein Siebgewebe 22 gebildet ist, und ein auf das Siebgewebe 22 aufgeschweißtes, mikroperforiertes Wasserzeichenblech 24. Wie am besten in dem Detailausschnitt der Fig. 4 zu erkennen, ist das Wasserzeichenblech 24 entsprechend der Kontur 26 des gewünschten Wasserzeichens, hier des Umrisses des Portraits 12, ausgeschnitten und mit einer regelmäßigen matrixförmigen Anordnung von Mikroperforationen 28 versehen, um die Entwässerung bei der Papierherstellung sicherzustellen.The dewatering screen 20 comprises a carrier screen, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by a screen cloth 22, and a microperforated watermark plate 24, which is welded onto the screen cloth 22. As best seen in the detail section of FIG Fig. 4 To recognize the watermark sheet 24 is cut according to the contour 26 of the desired watermark, here the outline of the portrait 12, and provided with a regular matrix-shaped arrangement of micro-perforations 28 to ensure the dewatering in papermaking.

Die Mikroperforationen 28 weisen im Ausführungsbeispiel einen Durchmesser von 0,18 mm und einen Perforation-zu-Perforation-Abstand von 0,20 mm auf. Bei diesem kleinen Durchmesser können bei der Papierherstellung keine Fasern in den Perforationen 28 anhaften, so dass diese im späteren Wasserzeichen nicht störend in Erscheinung treten können. Die Mikroperforationen 28 können mittels herkömmlicher Techniken, beispielsweise durch Ätztechnik oder mit einem Laser, in das Wasserzeichenblech 24 eingebracht werden.The microperforations 28 in the exemplary embodiment have a diameter of 0.18 mm and a perforation-to-perforation distance of 0.20 mm. With this small diameter, no paperwork can be used Adhere fibers in the perforations 28 so that they can not interfere with the later watermark. The microperforations 28 may be introduced into the watermarked sheet 24 by conventional techniques such as etching or laser.

Das Siebgewebe 22 und das aufgeschweißte Wasserzeichenblech 24 sind erfindungsgemäß gemeinsam entsprechend der Reliefstruktur des gewünschten Wasserzeichens verprägt, wie in der Querschnittsdarstellung der Fig. 5 schematisch gezeigt. Die Modulationshöhe M der Prägung wird dabei etwas geringer als bei herkömmlichen Wasserzeichen gewählt und kann beispielsweise etwa 0,9 mm betragen.The screen fabric 22 and the welded watermark sheet 24 are inventively embossed together according to the relief structure of the desired watermark, as in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 5 shown schematically. The modulation height M of the embossing is chosen to be somewhat lower than in the case of conventional watermarks and may be, for example, about 0.9 mm.

Die hohe Helligkeit der mit dem Entwässerungssieb 20 erzeugten Wasserzeichen entsteht vor allem durch die glatte Oberfläche des Wasserzeichenblechs 24, an der nur vergleichsweise wenige Fasern anhaften können. Wegen der größeren Gesamthelligkeit ist das Design des Wasserzeichens 12 schärfer als bei herkömmlichen Wasserzeichen angelegt.The high brightness of the watermarks generated by the dewatering screen 20 is mainly due to the smooth surface of the watermark plate 24, to which only comparatively few fibers can adhere. Because of the greater overall brightness, the watermark design 12 is sharper than conventional watermarks.

Wie in den Figuren 3 und 4 ebenfalls gezeigt, kann das Wasserzeichenblech 24 weiter gezielt eingebrachte Aussparungen 30 in Form von Mustern, Zeichen und Codierungen aufweisen, die zu Dunkelstellen im späteren Wasserzeichen führen. Das Wasserzeichenblech 24 kann auch mit unperforierten Formteilen 32 aus Metall oder Kunststoff, insbesondere den so genannten Elektrotypen kombiniert sein, die beispielsweise zur Darstellung der Denomination einer Banknote zweistufige Wasserzeichen erzeugen.As in the FIGS. 3 and 4 Also shown, the watermark sheet 24 may further include selectively formed recesses 30 in the form of patterns, characters, and encodings that result in dark spots in the later watermark. The watermark sheet 24 can also be combined with imperforate molded parts 32 made of metal or plastic, in particular the so-called electrotypes, which produce, for example, two-stage watermarks to represent the denomination of a banknote.

Die Aussparungen 30 und die Formteile 32 können auch aufeinander bezogenen Informationen, beispielsweise zwei Teile einer Gesamtinformation, darstellen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 3 und 4 besteht die Gesamtinformation aus der Ziffernfolge "1357911", von der die Teilfolge "135" durch Aussparungen 30 im Wasserzeichenblech 24 und die Teilfolge "7911" durch aufgeschweißte Metallformteile 32 gebildet ist. Im späteren Wasserzeichen erscheinen die Ziffern "135" dann als Dunkelstelle, die Ziffern "7911" als unmittelbar angrenzende Hellstelle. Anstelle der Ziffernfolge kann selbstverständlich auch eine alphanumerische Zeichenfolge, beispielsweise eine Unterschrift oder dergleichen, verwendet werden.The recesses 30 and the molded parts 32 can also represent information related to one another, for example two parts of a total information. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 is the total information from the number sequence "1357911", of which the subsequence "135" is formed by recesses 30 in the watermark sheet 24 and the subsequence "7911" by welded metal mold parts 32. In the later watermark, the numbers "135" then appear as a dark place, the numbers "7911" as an immediately adjoining highlight. Of course, an alphanumeric string, such as a signature or the like, may be used instead of the digit string.

Claims (26)

  1. A dewatering screen (20) for manufacturing paper having multi-level watermarks, having a carrier mold (22) and a perforated watermark plate (24) that is joined with the carrier mold, in which the carrier mold (22) and the watermark plate (24) are embossed together in the form of the watermark to be produced.
  2. The dewatering screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) is provided with microperforations (28) whose dimensions are so small that no fibers adhere in them at paper manufacture.
  3. The dewatering screen according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) is provided with microperforations (28) having a diameter of less than 0.6 mm, preferably of less than 0.25 mm.
  4. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) exhibits a regular arrangement of perforations (28) in the form of a matrix.
  5. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface of the watermark plate (24) is smooth.
  6. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) exhibits gaps (30) in the form of patterns, characters or codes.
  7. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the dewatering screen (20) exhibits, for producing bilevel watermarks, at least one unperforated metal/ plastic molded part (32) adjoining the watermark plate (24).
  8. The dewatering screen according to claim 7, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) and the adjoining unperforated metal/plastic molded part (32) depict reciprocally related pieces of information.
  9. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the watermark plate (24) is bonded or welded to the carrier mold (22).
  10. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carrier mold (22) is formed by a wire cloth.
  11. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carrier mold (22) is formed by a galvanically manufactured mold without junctions.
  12. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carrier mold (22) is formed by a carrier plate that is provided with dewatering openings.
  13. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is a cylinder screen.
  14. The dewatering screen according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is a Fourdrinier wire or an inclined wire.
  15. A method for manufacturing a dewatering screen for manufacturing paper having multi-level watermarks, in which
    a) a carrier mold and a perforated watermark plate are provided,
    b) the watermark plate is joined with the carrier mold; and
    c) the carrier mold and the watermark plate are embossed together in the form of the watermark to be produced.
  16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, to provide the perforated watermark plate in step a), a plate corresponding to the contour of the desired watermark is cut out and provided with microperforations whose dimensions are so small that no fibers adhere in them at paper manufacture.
  17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the microperforations are produced by means of etching technology or with a laser beam.
  18. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the watermark plate is glued or welded onto the carrier mold.
  19. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a wire cloth is provided as the carrier mold in step a).
  20. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a screen is manufactured in a galvanic bath to provide the carrier mold in step a).
  21. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a carrier plate is provided with dewatering openings to provide the carrier mold in step a).
  22. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the carrier mold and the watermark plate in step c) are embossed with a lower modulation than in conventional watermark embossings.
  23. The method according to at least one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the carrier mold and the watermark plate in step c) are embossed with an embossing modulation of about 1 mm or less.
  24. A method for manufacturing a paper, especially a security paper, having a multi-level watermark, in which the paper accretion on a dewatering screen occurs according to one of claims 1 to 14.
  25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the paper manufacture occurs on a cylinder screen machine.
  26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the paper manufacture occurs on a Fourdrinier or inclined wire machine.
EP06776829A 2005-09-06 2006-08-14 Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof Not-in-force EP1937893B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06776829T PL1937893T3 (en) 2005-09-06 2006-08-14 Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof
SI200630875T SI1937893T1 (en) 2005-09-06 2006-08-14 Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005042344A DE102005042344A1 (en) 2005-09-06 2005-09-06 Drainage screen and process for its production
PCT/EP2006/008017 WO2007028485A2 (en) 2005-09-06 2006-08-14 Dewatering filter and method for the production thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1937893A2 EP1937893A2 (en) 2008-07-02
EP1937893B1 true EP1937893B1 (en) 2010-11-03

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EP (1) EP1937893B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE486998T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102005042344A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2353817T3 (en)
PL (1) PL1937893T3 (en)
SI (1) SI1937893T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007028485A2 (en)

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CN104711889A (en) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-17 德国捷德有限公司 Dewatering screen and method for manufacturing the same

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DE102008024401B3 (en) * 2008-05-20 2010-01-07 Hans Grossmann Drainage screen for a suction roll of a paper machine
FR2957943B1 (en) * 2010-03-24 2021-11-05 Arjowiggins Security WATERMARK, METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING A PART FOR THE FORMATION OF A WATERMARK AND PART OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCEDURE
IT1400463B1 (en) * 2010-05-06 2013-05-31 Cartiere Fedrigoni & C Spa PROCEDURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF A MILLING MACHINE, MILLING MACHINE AND PLANT FOR ITS ACHIEVEMENT
DE102012024774A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Drainage screen for papermaking
EP2828432B2 (en) * 2012-03-19 2022-06-29 Portals Paper Limited Electrotype for forming an image during a paper making process
CH709680A1 (en) 2014-05-21 2015-11-30 Landqart Ag Dewatering screen for manufacturing paper with at least one watermark and therefore made paper with a watermark.
GB2532084B (en) 2014-11-10 2017-09-06 De La Rue Int Ltd Improvments in watermarking
AU2018224240A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2019-07-25 Crane & Co., Inc. Paper including one or more multi-tonal watermarks having full tonality, and an improved watermarking tool for manufacturing such paper
CN110869555B (en) * 2017-08-17 2021-12-07 保定钞票纸业有限公司 Paper preparation method capable of controlling watermark brightness and paper product

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FR2804447B1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2002-04-05 Arjo Wiggins Sa PAPER COMPRISING A MULTI-TONING FILIGRANE AND CANVAS FOR MANUFACTURING THIS PAPER
DE10064006A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-07-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Watermark mold, for fitting at the fourdrinier of a papermaking machine, is of a shape memory metal alloy at least at the holding tabs, to be inserted at one temperature and anchored by shape distortion at a second temperature
DE10145782A1 (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-04-10 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Paper screen for the production of two-stage watermarks and process for its production

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CN104711889A (en) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-17 德国捷德有限公司 Dewatering screen and method for manufacturing the same

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PL1937893T3 (en) 2011-04-29
ES2353817T3 (en) 2011-03-07
DE502006008248D1 (en) 2010-12-16
WO2007028485A3 (en) 2007-05-31
EP1937893A2 (en) 2008-07-02
ATE486998T1 (en) 2010-11-15
SI1937893T1 (en) 2011-02-28
WO2007028485A2 (en) 2007-03-15
WO2007028485A8 (en) 2010-07-29
DE102005042344A1 (en) 2007-03-08

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