EP1934546B1 - Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire - Google Patents

Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1934546B1
EP1934546B1 EP06794344A EP06794344A EP1934546B1 EP 1934546 B1 EP1934546 B1 EP 1934546B1 EP 06794344 A EP06794344 A EP 06794344A EP 06794344 A EP06794344 A EP 06794344A EP 1934546 B1 EP1934546 B1 EP 1934546B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
flexible connector
journal
helix
upstream
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP06794344A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1934546A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernard Cottard
Emmanuelle Petitjean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
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Total Raffinage Marketing SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Total Raffinage Marketing SA filed Critical Total Raffinage Marketing SA
Publication of EP1934546A1 publication Critical patent/EP1934546A1/fr
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Publication of EP1934546B1 publication Critical patent/EP1934546B1/fr
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F28F13/125Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/008Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using scrapers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0059Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel device for reducing clogging of tubes in which a fluid circulates, in particular tubes of a heat exchanger, of the type comprising a rotating element generating turbulence, used in industry, in particular oil or petrochemical.
  • Such devices are described for example in the applications EP 0 174 254 , EP 0 233 092 , FR 2,637,659 , EP 0 282 406 , EP 0 369 851 and EP 1 227 292 of the Applicant. They have in common a movable element, generally in the form of a spiral, attached to the upstream end of the tube so as to be able to rotate freely therein under the effect of the flow of the fluid.
  • the dimensions of the movable element and the inside of the tube are such that the movable element does not continuously scrape the inner wall of the tube, in order to avoid any harmful consequences. over the life of the tube and / or the movable member.
  • the effect of reducing fouling of the tubes is mainly due to the increase in fluid turbulence which prevents the formation of hot spots and the formation of deposits, thanks to a thermal homogenization effect, and also, at a significant shear effect near the wall, allowing to pick up deposits weakly attached to the same wall.
  • the Applicant further describes in the application EP 0 369 851 , a movable member having, in all its cross sections, at least one sharp edge shaped specifically so that it can scrape the inner surface of the tube.
  • the only fragile point of the devices of the state of the art is their attachment system and more precisely the trunnion through which the movable element is retained in its fixed part serving to hook the device at the upstream end of the tube.
  • the movable member which can measure several meters, and which is rotated by the fluid, is generally several tens of times larger and heavier than the trunnion, thus exerting on it a considerable traction force.
  • This pulling force associated with high rotational speeds of the order of 500 to 2000 revolutions per minute, exposes the attachment system to significant friction which causes rapid wear of moving parts.
  • the fastening systems currently used in refinery heat exchangers have an average life of between 12 and 36 months. It is of course desirable to extend this duration because the replacement of these systems requires the opening of the heat exchanger, which can lead to the complete shutdown of the installation in which it operates, causing de facto expenses and a loss of earnings for the operator.
  • the Applicant has therefore undertaken research to better understand and overcome the wear problems of the metal parts forming the known systems for attaching rotating elements in rotation in tubes traversed by a fluid.
  • This research has shown that the wear phenomena were greatest at the trunnion, and in particular where it was in frictional contact with sharp edges of the bearing or a wear ring, possibly present. .
  • This wear profile is attributed to the fact that the movable element, which is rotated by the fluid and which generally has an outer diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the tube, decenters the trunnion of its axis of rotation and imposes on it a rotational movement describing a cone of revolution.
  • the Applicant has also found that the first turns of the helix are also worn; despite the fact that they have a outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the tube which should, in principle, prevent any friction against the wall of the tube.
  • the Applicant has therefore set itself the goal of reducing as much as possible the phenomena of friction and wear described above in order to significantly extend the service life of the fastening systems carrying the moving parts of the known cleaning devices. .
  • This object has been achieved by means of a fastening system which comprises a flexible coupling connecting the trunnion of the movable member to the generally helical portion extending along a portion of the tube and rotated by the flow of the fluid.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes traversed by a fluid, characterized in that such a fouling reducing device is attached to the upstream end of at least one of these tubes.
  • the flexible connection between the trunnion and the helical portion rotated by the fluid allows some "decoupling" of these two parts. They rotate, certainly, always at the same speed and the other but the decentring stress that the helical part previously exerted on the downstream end of the trunnion is substantially reduced, because it is now damped by the entire length of the fitting .
  • the cone The revolution described by the journal is therefore reduced to a minimum or even nonexistent, and the journal rotates substantially parallel to the geometric axis of the tube.
  • the flexible connector used in the present invention may be of any material provided that it has sufficient chemical and mechanical resistance under the operating conditions of the device.
  • the flexible coupling is preferably made of metal, in particular of steel, and most particularly of stainless steel, or else of plastic, of carbon fibers, of synthetic fibers, of elastomer or of a composite material consisting of a combination of several of these materials
  • the flexible connector may be, for example, a cable formed of braided or twisted strands, a chain formed of intertwined rings or a corrugated tube formed by a succession of rings articulated to each other.
  • the flexible connector When the flexible connector is braided or twisted cable type, it preferably comprises a number of strands between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50.
  • a flexible connector having a length of between 1 cm and 5 cm, and preferably between 2 and 4 cm. Its diameter will be between 2 and 10 mm and preferably between 4 and 8 mm.
  • This flexible connection is fixed between the downstream end of the pin and the upstream end of the portion rotated. Fixing to these two parts can be done according to known techniques, for example by welding, crimping or screwing, or by gluing.
  • the rotatably driven portion may in principle have any suitable asymmetrical shape allowing the fluid flowing through the tube to rotate it about the axis of said tube.
  • the most effective form, creating maximum turbulence for minimal pressure drop, is the helix which is therefore used in almost all devices of the type described in the introduction and is also preferred for the present invention.
  • This propeller must have an outer diameter less than the inside diameter of the tube to not scrape continuously the inner wall thereof.
  • the outer diameter of the propeller must however be sufficiently close to the inside diameter of the tube to create, in addition turbulence, sufficient shear forces near the surface of the tube, to pick up deposits or particles weakly attached to the wall. Satisfactory turbulence and shear effects are generally obtained for systems where the ratio of the outside diameter of the helix to the inside diameter of the tube is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8. .
  • Ratios between the above ranges have been found to be low enough to prevent frictional contact between the tube and the propeller over most of the length of the tube, except for the first turn (s). (s) of the propeller.
  • the Applicant has found that for ratios of the outer diameter of the helix to the inside diameter of the tube included in the ranges indicated above, at least the first turn of the helix, and sometimes also the two or three subsequent turns, could show signs of wear by friction. Although this phenomenon is attenuated for flexible coupling fastening systems as described in this application, it may nevertheless persist under certain operating conditions of the device according to the invention. This problem has been solved through the use of a helix in which the outer diameter of the first turn, or first turns, is smaller than the outer diameter of the other turns of the helix.
  • the number of "first" turns concerned by this decrease in diameter does not generally exceed 1 to 5% of the totality of the turns of the helix.
  • the ratio of their outer diameter to the inside diameter of the tube is between 0.1 and 0.6, preferably between 0.2 and 0.6.
  • their outer diameter preferably increases progressively from upstream to downstream.
  • the fixed bearing element intended to receive and support the trunnion, can have a great variety of shapes, insofar as it fulfills two functions which are on the one hand, to ensure the robustness of the fastener to the trunk. end of the exchanger tube, and secondly, to minimize restrictions on fluid flow. It preferably has the shape of a stirrup comprising a central portion pierced with an orifice intended to receive the trunnion of the movable element, and two branches, symmetrical to each other, having a shape enabling them to be fixed. sure the upstream end of the tube.
  • This caliper shape of the bearing part is known and is described for example in the applications EP 0 233 092 , EP 0 282 406 , and EP 0 369 851 of the Applicant. It may be for example a stirrup whose ends form a hollow cylinder intended to grip the end of the tube, as described in FIG. EP 0 233 092 or, preferably, a stirrup made of a rigid but resilient material, the ends of the two branches of which can be force-fitted into the upstream end of the tube so as to elastically bear against the inner wall of the latter.
  • the invention also includes any other system for rendering a bearing portion rigidly secured to the upstream end of the tube.
  • the pin is retained in the bearing orifice by a first stop provided at its upstream end and secured thereto.
  • a second abutment, tubular is provided on the central part of the stirrup extending the orifice intended to receive the trunnion of the movable element.
  • This second abutment, integral with the bearing has a function of maintaining the journal in the axis of rotation of the movable element and is therefore preferably relatively long.
  • one or more wear washers are provided between the first stop and the second stop.
  • This wear washer is free, that is to say integral solidarity of the movable element or the fixed element. It is preferably made of a different material or of different hardness, or even an anti-friction type with a very low coefficient of friction, which is generally softer than the materials of the first and second stops. Examples of such materials include steels, especially heat-treated steels, copper alloys, ceramics, and graphites.
  • Wear washers known for example from EP 0 233 092 , EP 2,637,659 and EP 0 282 406 , have friction surfaces flat or complementary to the friction surface of the stop. Preferably, it will be sought to minimize the contact surfaces by the adoption of specific shapes to wear washers and / or tubular abutments.
  • FIG 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tube with a cleaning device according to the invention attached to the upstream end of this tube.
  • the figure 2 shows a view of a specific embodiment of the device for attaching the movable element in the tube.
  • the figure 1 shows a fouling reduction device according to the invention with a mobile part 3 and a fixed part 2, fixed at the upstream end of a tube 1.
  • the terms "upstream And “downstream” are defined with respect to the flow direction of the fluid that passes through the tube 1, represented by the arrow B.
  • the fixed part 2 of the device has the shape of a stirrup constituted by a plate 7 pierced with a central orifice, and two branches 8, in principle symmetrical to each other with respect to the axis of the tube, the ends of which bear against the inner wall of the tube.
  • the fixed part further comprises a tubular abutment 10 integral with the plate 7.
  • the channel of this abutment 10 is aligned with the orifice of the plate and forms with it a single long channel which is used mainly to hold the pin 4 in the rotation axis of the movable element 3.
  • the movable element 3 In the fixed part 2 is mounted, free in rotation, the movable element 3.
  • This movable element is constituted, starting from the upstream end thereof, of a stop 9, a pin 4 secured to the stop 9, a flexible connector 6 in stainless steel cable, and finally the helical portion 5 rotated in the direction of the arrow A, by the flow of the fluid .
  • all the turns of the helix are not the same size but the first two have a smaller outer diameter than the next turns.
  • a wear ring 11 is provided between the abutment 9 integral with the pin and the abutment 10 integral with the yoke.
  • the figure 2 shows an enlargement of the upstream part of the device according to the present invention.
  • the difference from the figure 1 resides in the fact that the metal pin 4 is replaced by an extension of the flexible connector 6 whose downstream end is secured to the stop 9.
  • the wear washer 11 and stopper 10 described above apply to this particular application of the present invention.
  • the Applicant has used the operating conditions of the heat exchanger of the example of the application. EP 1 227 292 .
  • each of the 564 tubes is mounted a fouling reducing device according to the present invention.
  • the movable member of the fouling reducing device has a diameter of 1.2 mm and consists of an alloy containing 64.9% nickel, 8.75% molybdenum and 26.35% iron.
  • the flexible coupling used is a cable consisting of 50 strands of stainless steel wound in the direction of rotation of the movable element.
  • the length of the flexible connector is 1.5 cm, its diameter is 5 mm.
  • the ratio of the outside diameter of the turns of the turbulence generating element to the inside diameter of the tube is equal to 0.65.
  • the first three turns have a smaller diameter than the next turns. The ratio of the diameter of these first three turns to the inside diameter of the tube varies from 0.2 to 0.5.
  • the service life of more than 99% of the fouling reducing devices increases from 2 years to 4 years.
  • the service life of the fastening system of the fouling reduction device is therefore very significantly improved.
  • the traces of frictional wear observed on the inner wall of the tube are much less accentuated than those recorded with the reducing devices of the fouling of the state of the art.
  • the first turns have almost no signs of wear on their outer part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
EP06794344A 2005-08-30 2006-08-23 Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire Active EP1934546B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0508867A FR2890162B1 (fr) 2005-08-30 2005-08-30 Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire.
PCT/FR2006/001970 WO2007026066A1 (fr) 2005-08-30 2006-08-23 Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1934546A1 EP1934546A1 (fr) 2008-06-25
EP1934546B1 true EP1934546B1 (fr) 2008-12-31

Family

ID=36608736

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06794344A Active EP1934546B1 (fr) 2005-08-30 2006-08-23 Dispositif reducteur d'encrassement d'un echangeur thermique tubulaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8225848B2 (xx)
EP (1) EP1934546B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP4842321B2 (xx)
AT (1) ATE419501T1 (xx)
DE (1) DE602006004616D1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2890162B1 (xx)
MY (1) MY149323A (xx)
WO (1) WO2007026066A1 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA200801795B (xx)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8176885B2 (en) * 2008-08-25 2012-05-15 Cummins Intellectual Properties, Inc. Cooling system with fouling reducing element
FR2940152B1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2011-01-21 Total Raffinage Marketing Dispositif pour la reduction de l'encrassement a l'interieur d'un tube
US20100173255A1 (en) * 2009-01-05 2010-07-08 Nordyne Inc. NOx-REDUCTION APPARATUS, METHOD OF MAKING, FURNACE, HVAC UNIT, AND BUILDING
CN103542767B (zh) * 2012-07-13 2015-09-23 俞天翔 一种换热管内硬垢的自动清洗装置
US10024612B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2018-07-17 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Cleaning system for tube and shell heat exchanger
KR101938398B1 (ko) * 2016-03-28 2019-01-15 주식회사 경동나비엔 관체형 열교환기
CN107860259B (zh) * 2017-11-22 2023-11-03 南京高和环境工程有限公司 一种新型螺旋纽带连接装置
CN108120338A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2018-06-05 丹阳同泰化工机械有限公司 一种自清式立式热交换器
CN108636177B (zh) * 2018-06-01 2021-02-23 江西省耐力科技股份有限公司 一种锂离子电池生产用电极浆料搅拌装置
KR102201142B1 (ko) * 2019-01-28 2021-01-08 엘지전자 주식회사 전열관 및 칠러용 열교환기
CN110763072A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-02-07 石国庆 内插组件及可智能控制其旋转的系统装置
CN111426231B (zh) * 2020-04-05 2022-02-18 俞天翔 一种铁芯塑料螺旋扭带自动清洗机构
CN114322628A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-04-12 山东龙光天旭太阳能有限公司 一种能够提高传导面积的换热管

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US2465396A (en) * 1943-11-22 1949-03-29 Osborn Mfg Co Brush
US2532179A (en) * 1947-12-08 1950-11-28 Servel Inc Vapor generator assembly
US3407871A (en) * 1966-07-25 1968-10-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Heat exchanger
US4174750A (en) * 1978-04-18 1979-11-20 Nichols Billy M Tube cleaner having anchored rotatable spiral member
JPS5582294A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-06-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Gas cooling apparatus
US4340989A (en) * 1981-01-22 1982-07-27 Rotondi Frank A Cleaning system for chimneys
US4545426A (en) * 1984-08-31 1985-10-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Reversing turbulators for heat exchangers
FR2569829B1 (fr) * 1984-08-31 1989-06-16 Raffinage Cie Francaise Procede et dispositif mecanique destines a ameliorer les transferts thermiques et a prevenir l'encrassement des echangeurs de chaleur
GB2174170B (en) * 1985-04-27 1989-01-05 Aisin Seiki Scraping apparatus
FR2589229B1 (fr) * 1985-10-25 1988-01-08 Neu Ets Procede et dispositif automatique de nettoyage d'un echangeur de chaleur pour fluides gazeux
FR2592924B1 (fr) * 1986-01-10 1989-10-20 Total France Dispositif de maintien en position d'une extremite d'un element mobile, entraine en rotation dans un tube et application a la prevention de l'encrassement et au nettoyage de ce tube.
FR2612267B1 (fr) * 1987-03-13 1989-07-21 Total France Dispositif pour le maintien en position d'une extremite d'un element monte mobile en rotation dans un tube et application de ce dispositif
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FR2639425B1 (fr) * 1988-11-18 1991-06-07 Total France Procede et dispositif de nettoyage d'un tube dans lequel circule un fluide, et utilisation dans les tubes d'echangeurs de chaleur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2890162B1 (fr) 2007-11-30
ATE419501T1 (de) 2009-01-15
WO2007026066A1 (fr) 2007-03-08
JP2009506296A (ja) 2009-02-12
ZA200801795B (en) 2008-11-26
FR2890162A1 (fr) 2007-03-02
US20080202728A1 (en) 2008-08-28
MY149323A (en) 2013-08-30
EP1934546A1 (fr) 2008-06-25
DE602006004616D1 (de) 2009-02-12
JP4842321B2 (ja) 2011-12-21
US8225848B2 (en) 2012-07-24

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