EP1929835A2 - Detecteur a ultrasons - Google Patents

Detecteur a ultrasons

Info

Publication number
EP1929835A2
EP1929835A2 EP06792781A EP06792781A EP1929835A2 EP 1929835 A2 EP1929835 A2 EP 1929835A2 EP 06792781 A EP06792781 A EP 06792781A EP 06792781 A EP06792781 A EP 06792781A EP 1929835 A2 EP1929835 A2 EP 1929835A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic sensor
pot
membrane
heating element
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06792781A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Rapps
Hans Lubik
Oliver Hartig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1929835A2 publication Critical patent/EP1929835A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/521—Constructional features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S2007/52009—Means for monitoring or calibrating of sensor obstruction, e.g. dirt- or ice-coating
    • G01S2007/52011—Means for monitoring or calibrating of sensor obstruction, e.g. dirt- or ice-coating including means to prevent or remove the obstruction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S367/00—Communications, electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices
    • Y10S367/902—Speed of sound compensation

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an ultrasonic sensor according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Ultrasonic sensors are already known in which a membrane is excited to vibrate by ultrasonic waves.
  • an electroacoustic transducer e.g. a piezoelectric element
  • the sound waves are converted into an electrical signal, so that the signal can be evaluated.
  • the function of the ultrasonic sensor at low temperatures e.g. be affected by ice or snow when the membrane of the
  • Ultrasonic sensor is covered by this. Snow can absorb the sound. Through an ice coating, the vibration of the membrane can be reduced. Furthermore, sound waves can be coupled through the ice sheet to other components, so that the overall sensitivity of the system is lowered.
  • an ultrasonic sensor is already known, which is inserted into a holder. The holder has a heating element, which serves to heat the ultrasonic transducer and in particular also the membrane. As a result, ice and snow are melted, which can build up before the holder of the ultrasonic sensor.
  • the ultrasonic sensor according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage that the ultrasonic sensor itself has a heating element for heating the membrane.
  • the mechanical structure can be simplified because the heating element can be integrated with other electronics in the ultrasonic sensor.
  • the efficiency of the heating can be increased since the ultrasonic sensor or the membrane itself is heated. In this way, a functionality of the system can be provided quickly, in particular when starting an icy vehicle.
  • Receiving characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor can be ensured, but also the membrane can be heated via the converter pot.
  • the heating element in the converter pot.
  • the heating element can be provided either in the interior of the pot, but also in the body of the
  • the heating element may optionally also in the
  • a particularly simple design of a heater is given by an ohmic resistance heater.
  • the heating element can also be designed as an eddy current heater.
  • the heating energy is transmitted inductively in the eddy current heating, can be dispensed with an immediate electrical contact between the heating element and the membrane or the converter pot.
  • a temperature measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the ultrasonic sensor is advantageously provided.
  • control unit for controlling the heating element.
  • the heating element can be operated with a desired heat output.
  • control unit in an evaluation unit for the sensor evaluation. As a result, a particularly simple electronic structure is given.
  • an ultrasonic sensor according to the invention for a distance measurement in a motor vehicle. Especially in a motor vehicle icing or snowfall often occur while driving, but also after parking the vehicle in winter.
  • the distance measurement is to warn a driver in this case of obstacles in the vehicle environment.
  • a functionality of the distance measurement can be ensured even at low temperatures, in particular quickly after a vehicle start.
  • FIG. 1 shows an ultrasonic sensor according to the invention installed in the bumper of a motor vehicle in a lateral section
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an inventive ultrasonic sensor
  • the ultrasonic sensor according to the invention can be used for any ultrasonic measurements. Its use is particularly useful when the measurement of danger of covering the sensor by snow or ice is possible.
  • the ultrasonic sensor can only function as an ultrasonic receiver in which ultrasonic waves originating from another source are received by it.
  • the ultrasound sensor in particular when used on a vehicle, also functions as an ultrasound transmitter, here in a first mode of operation
  • Ultrasonic waves radiates and in a second mode reflected ultrasonic waves again receives and allows an evaluation of the received ultrasonic waves.
  • a distance measurement is carried out in such a way that the emitted ultrasonic waves are reflected by an obstacle and the transit time of the reflected ultrasonic signal is measured by the time difference from the time between the transmission of the signal and the reception of the reflected signal is determined. From the running time, the distance to the obstacle can be determined by including the speed of sound.
  • Bumpers 2 of a motor vehicle is mounted such that a membrane 3 for receiving and preferably also for emitting ultrasonic signals to the outside of the vehicle shows.
  • brackets 4 are integrally formed on the bumper 2, which surround the ultrasonic sensor 1 annular and preferably hold by means of integrally formed on the brackets 4 locking hooks 5 on the bumper 2.
  • Ultrasonic sensor 1 has a housing 6, in which a printed circuit board 7 is arranged. Further, the housing 6 on the bumper 2 side facing holding elements 8, which surround a sensor pot 9. Between the holding elements 8 and the sensor pot 9, a decoupling ring 11 is preferably arranged, engage in the projections 12 of the sensor pot 9. Thus, the sensor pot 9 in the decoupling ring 11th held.
  • a hood 13 surrounds annularly the decoupling ring 11, so that the sensor pot 9 is held in the decoupling ring 11, which in turn is held on the holding elements 8 by the hood 13 which surrounds it.
  • the sensor pot 9 has pot walls 14, which are generally thicker by a multiple than the membrane 3, and to which the projections 12 are integrally formed.
  • the sensor pot 9 has a pot inner 10, which has a round, elliptical, but possibly also rectangular cross-section.
  • an electroacoustic transducer is arranged on the membrane 3, in particular a piezo element 15.
  • the inner surface 10 of the pot is filled with a potting compound, which is shown dotted in FIG.
  • the piezoelectric element 15 is connected via electrical contact lines 17 to the printed circuit board 7.
  • circuit board 7 electronic components 18, 19 are arranged, which serve on the one hand to drive the piezoelectric element 15 to a sound emission in order to excite the membrane 3 to a vibration and thus to a transmission of ultrasonic signals. Furthermore, the electronic components 18, 19 are designed to evaluate the sound signals output by the piezoelectric element 15 as a result of an excitation of the diaphragm 3 to a vibration as a result of received ultrasonic signals.
  • the connector 20 is designed such that also a control of the ultrasonic sensor 1 and a
  • the ultrasonic sensor 1 has a heating element 21, which is likewise connected via lines 16 to the printed circuit board 7.
  • the heating element 21 is driven by the electronic components 18, 19 on the printed circuit board 7. If a current flows through the heating element 21, the heating element heats up and releases its heat to its surroundings.
  • the pot inner 10 of the sensor pot 9 is heated.
  • the heat also flows to the membrane 3, so that the membrane 3 is heated. As a result, snow or ice located on the outside 22 of the membrane 3 can be melted.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electronic structure of the ultrasonic sensor 1 according to FIG. 1 in detail.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 1 has a control unit 30, which provides an excitation signal for the piezoelectric element 15 via a drive unit 31.
  • the drive unit 31 has for this purpose an oscillator for generating an alternating current signal, wherein the alternating current signal amplified and via a Transformer is raised to a voltage required for the piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element 15 can emit a signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 1 has an amplifier 32, which amplifies a voltage signal emitted by the piezoelectric element 15 in a receive mode, which is due to an excitation of the diaphragm 3 by received ultrasonic signals. This signal then becomes a
  • Evaluation unit 33 fed, in which the received signal is preferably filtered and then compared with a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold comparison is used to determine whether there is actually a reception of a reflected signal - if the threshold value is exceeded or if only noise is received - if the threshold value is undershot.
  • a reception of a reflected signal is forwarded by the evaluation unit 33 to the control unit 30. If the control unit 30 determines that a reflected signal is present, this information is transmitted via an output 34 via the plug 20 to a centrally arranged control circuit (not shown in FIG. 1) of an entire distance measuring system.
  • control unit 30 also compares the received signal in terms of its amplitude with that amplitude with which signals are usually reflected. Furthermore, the amplitude of the noise signal can also be evaluated. In this case, if the control circuit determines that the amplitude of the received signal and / or the noise is regularly lower than usual by a predetermined amount, the ultrasonic sensor may possibly be frozen. For this purpose, the control unit 30 can activate a control unit 35 which controls a voltage supply unit 36 of the heating element. The control unit 35 now ensures that the power supply unit 36, the heating element 21 with a
  • Operating voltage supplied and the heating element 21 thus causes heating of the ultrasonic sensor, in particular a heating of the membrane in the region of the piezoelectric element 15.
  • Temperature measuring unit 37 is provided, which is preferably arranged in the region of the membrane 3.
  • the temperature measuring unit 37 is evaluated by the control unit 35 in a first embodiment.
  • the temperature measuring unit 37 can also be evaluated by the control unit 30 to the measured temperature for influencing the speed of sound consider.
  • the temperature measuring unit is preferably designed as a temperature-dependent resistor, for example as an NTC or a PTC element.
  • the control unit 35 can activate a heating as a function of the temperature when, for example, a measured temperature of + 2 ° C is reached or fallen below. In a further embodiment, it is possible that a decrease in a
  • Amplitude possible icing is also plausibilized by a comparison with a measured temperature value of another, arranged on the vehicle temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 3 shows a converter pot 40, in which the heating element in the form of a heating wire 41 is arranged on an inner side 42 of the side wall 43 of the converter pot 40.
  • the heating wire 41 has a first terminal 49 and a second terminal 55, wherein a voltage is applied to the heating wire by the voltage supply unit 36 via corresponding, not shown in the figure 3 contacts.
  • a current, any DC or AC, driven by the heating wire 41 As a result, the heating wire 41 heats up, the heat being released to the walls 43 of the converter pot 40.
  • the heat flows from the walls 43 to the vibration membrane 44, so that these are heated and defrosted.
  • a good is in particular a good
  • the converter pot can also be made of a ceramic or a plastic material.
  • the heating wire In the case of a metallic sensor pot, the heating wire must be mounted insulated against the sensor pot on the wall 43.
  • a heating wire and a foil heating element can be used.
  • the foil heating element has e.g. a polyamide film in which a copper sheet is glued.
  • An attachment of a foil heating element 45 can be carried out in the same way as the attachment of the heating wire, wherein an expansion of a film 39 of the foil heating element 45 in the
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment in which a heating wire 46 is arranged on an outer side 47 of a converter pot 48.
  • the heating wire 46 may also be applied in the form of a film element on the outside 47 of the converter pot 48. For heating the walls via the outside 47, the membrane of the converter pot 48 is heated.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a heating element, in which case the sensor pot 50 is formed, in particular, from a plastic material, in the interior of which, in the manufacture of the sensor pot 50, a heating wire 51, e.g. is introduced by casting.
  • the sensor pot 50 has in particular on its inner side 52 electrical contacts 53, 54, for applying a voltage to the heating wire 51.
  • the heating wire 51 can traverse the walls of the sensor pot 50 in one or more windings.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of an ultrasonic sensor in which an inductive heating element in the form of an inductance 60 is provided.
  • the inductance 60 is driven by an alternating voltage. It is preferably arranged in the interior 61 of the sensor pot 62.
  • the sensor well 62 is formed of metal so that the inductance induces an eddy current in the metal of the sensor well 62 upon application of the alternating current. As a result, the sensor pot 62 and thus the membrane 63 is heated.
  • a heating element e.g. a heating wire 65, also introduced directly into the membrane 66 or applied to this on the inside.
  • the heating wire surrounds this
  • Piezoelement 67 This arrangement is possible on the one hand in the case of a membrane which forms a bottom of a sensor pot. However, it is also possible if the membrane is flat and on her no sensor pot or instead of the sensor pot another Anformung provided.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur à ultrasons comprenant une membrane, qui présente un élément de chauffage destiné à chauffer ladite membrane.
EP06792781A 2005-09-21 2006-08-11 Detecteur a ultrasons Withdrawn EP1929835A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005045019A DE102005045019A1 (de) 2005-09-21 2005-09-21 Ultraschallsensor
PCT/EP2006/065244 WO2007033869A2 (fr) 2005-09-21 2006-08-11 Detecteur a ultrasons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1929835A2 true EP1929835A2 (fr) 2008-06-11

Family

ID=37775883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06792781A Withdrawn EP1929835A2 (fr) 2005-09-21 2006-08-11 Detecteur a ultrasons

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8059490B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1929835A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101268716A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005045019A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007033869A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007033869A2 (fr) 2007-03-29
US8059490B2 (en) 2011-11-15
US20090211360A1 (en) 2009-08-27
CN101268716A (zh) 2008-09-17
DE102005045019A1 (de) 2007-03-22
WO2007033869A3 (fr) 2007-06-21

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