EP1927020A2 - Concept concernant la prise de décision relative à un but à l'aide de champs magnétiques - Google Patents

Concept concernant la prise de décision relative à un but à l'aide de champs magnétiques

Info

Publication number
EP1927020A2
EP1927020A2 EP07818559A EP07818559A EP1927020A2 EP 1927020 A2 EP1927020 A2 EP 1927020A2 EP 07818559 A EP07818559 A EP 07818559A EP 07818559 A EP07818559 A EP 07818559A EP 1927020 A2 EP1927020 A2 EP 1927020A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
goal
gate
area
ball
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07818559A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Englert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cairos Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Cairos Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cairos Technologies AG filed Critical Cairos Technologies AG
Publication of EP1927020A2 publication Critical patent/EP1927020A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/081—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0605—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A63B2209/08—Characteristics of used materials magnetic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/83—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/89—Field sensors, e.g. radar systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B43/00—Balls with special arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
    • A63B63/004—Goals of the type used for football, handball, hockey or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a concept for goal decision by means of magnetic fields, as it can be used, for example, in football for goal decision.
  • Game equipment used in high-performance sports such as tennis balls, golf balls, footballs and the like, can now be accelerated to extremely high speeds, so that the detection of the object during the movement requires a very differentiated technology.
  • the technical means used hitherto - mainly cameras - do not meet the requirements outlined above or only insufficiently;
  • the previously known methods for position determination by means of different transmitter and receiver combinations also leave a great deal of latitude with regard to the spatial resolution of the position information, with regard to the manageability of the required transmitter / receiver components and, above all, with regard to the evaluation of the data received by the transmitter / receiver system that the fastest possible rating of the This data obtained results is not yet possible or at least very expensive.
  • soccer is one of the most controversial issues, whether in critical situations, the ball has exceeded the goal line or not.
  • the position of the ball at the goal line can be measured with an accuracy of approx. +/- 1.5 cm.
  • the influence of persons who move close to the ball or cover the ball not play a role.
  • An evaluation of video recordings, for example, with gate cameras is generally very expensive, and often results from a two-dimensionality of the image plane systems falsified values.
  • radio localization In the principle of radio localization, a moving object or the ball is triggered by electromagnetic waves. spread isolated.
  • a receiver or transmitter is integrated into the ball or attached to the ball, which can send data to a central transmitting / receiving device upon request.
  • the position of the ball can then be calculated, for example, from signal propagation times or from differences between at least two signals received at different antennas.
  • a disadvantage of the radio localization consists for example in a shadowing and / or in a reflection of electromagnetic waves by certain obstacles, such as persons. As a result, systems based on radio localization do not achieve the accuracy required for goal selection in football.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide an improved concept for goal decision. This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1, a device according to claim 13 and by methods according to any one of claims 28 to 30.
  • a goal decision can be made by a game device or a ball in the vicinity of the door by means of a magnetic field sensor measures a static magnetic field, of a the geometric shape of the gate adapted U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped Magnet is generated in the goal area or parallel to the goal area.
  • the magnetic field or internal magnetic field generated in the door surface or parallel to the door surface is larger than an external magnetic field (for example earth magnetic field) prevailing outside the door surface.
  • an external magnetic field for example earth magnetic field
  • a gate has hollow side posts and a hollow crossbar in which ferromagnetic cores are respectively attached.
  • the ferromagnetic cores in the side posts and in the crossbar are preferably arranged continuously.
  • a coil is wound around at least one of the ferromagnetic cores, which can be energized to generate the static internal magnetic field. When the coil is energized, an at least approximately homogeneous magnetic field is formed in the door surface. The magnetic field is similar to that of a horseshoe magnet.
  • the magnetic field sensor of the ball will measure a maximum magnetic field intensity when passing the goal line. It is located For example, at the time of measuring the maximum of the magnetic field, the ball is exactly in the plane defined by the goal line and the goal.
  • this additional condition is a direction of movement of the ball.
  • the magnetic field or the internal magnetic field is generated parallel to the goal area behind the goal line.
  • This can be achieved according to an embodiment of the present invention in that, for example, only the back of the door, i. the back of the side posts and crossbar are coated with a ferromagnetic material.
  • This creates an asymmetry in the field distribution with respect to the goal line. That The magnitude maximum of the magnetic field is not formed on, but behind the goal line. This asymmetry can be exploited according to the invention to make a clear goal decision.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that no calibration of the system for goal decision has to be made in advance.
  • a goal decision can be made on the basis of a consideration of a time course of the measured magnetic field strength near the gate. Becomes For example, detects a maximum of the measured magnetic field strength, so there is a sufficient condition for a "Tor" event.
  • hollow goalposts and a hollow crossbar may be provided with ferromagnetic cores to create a homogeneous static magnetic field in the toroidal area by means of a coil wound around the ferromagnetic cores.
  • a horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet could also be introduced into the goal posts and the crossbar or into an area below the goal line in order to achieve a "magnetic field curtain" within the goal area.
  • embodiments of the present invention have the advantage that a goal decision can be made, for example without intervention in the game operation of a ball game.
  • the inventive concept for goal decision by means of magnetic fields is tolerant to persons, i. Influences of persons who move near the moving object or the ball or cover the moving object are irrelevant.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for generating a magnetic field in a gate, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of a football goal with a ferromagnetic material in the goalpost and the crossbar, wherein the ferromagnetic material is wrapped by a coil, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic progression of the magnetic field strength generated by the device according to FIG. 2 in an area around the goal line
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a device for generating a magnetic field parallel to the door surface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the magnetic field generated by the device according to FIG. 4 in a region around the goal line
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a critical goal decision, with a ball once just behind the goal line and once hit just before the goal line;
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic representation of the time course of a magnetic field in a gate situation shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 7b is a schematic representation of the time course of a magnetic field in the gate situation shown in Figure 6 according to a further embodiment of the present invention ..; and FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a procedure for speed measurement of a ball by means of the Doppler effect according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a device for determining whether a moving object has been brought through a gate with a goal area defined by the gate, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 100 for generating a magnetic field in a gate, for example a football goal, with a gate area defined by the goal, through which a movable object is to be brought to achieve a goal.
  • the device 100 has a first region 110 with a ferromagnetic material, a second region 120 with a ferromagnetic material, and a third region 130 with a ferromagnetic material.
  • a gate generally has four boundaries.
  • One limit is given by a first side post, another limit by one second side post, an additional limitation by a crossbar and a further limitation of a goal is given by a goal line.
  • the first region 110 of the device 100 is associated with a first boundary of the gate
  • the second region 120 of the device 100 is associated with a second boundary of the gate
  • the third region 130 of the device 100 is associated with a third boundary of the gate.
  • the ferromagnetic material can thus be mounted, for example, within the gate limits, at the gate boundaries or at a certain distance from the gate boundaries.
  • the three regions 110-130 are located within three boundaries of the door to create an at least approximately homogeneous magnetic field in a plane defined by the door surface and the goal line.
  • the device 100 could for this purpose comprise a U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet.
  • the device 100 has a coil associated with the first 110, second 120 or third region 130, wherein the coil and the first 110, second 120 and third regions 130 are arranged to be closed show magnetic field lines having a part which is located in the door surface or parallel to the door surface, and the remaining parts of which are guided by the first 110, second 120 and third regions 130.
  • the areas are thus arranged U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped.
  • the device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention further comprises means for generating coil activation signals, which is configured to supply the coil activation signals with a different one Intensity, ie, for example, to generate coil currents of different strengths.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a front view of a football goal 200 having a first side post 200a, a second side post 200b and a crossbar 200c.
  • the soccer goal 200 is located on a goal line 210.
  • the soccer goal 200 has a core 220 with a first, second and third area of ferromagnetic material.
  • the ferromagnetic core 220 is further wound with a coil 230 in order to generate in the plane defined by the goal line 210 and the soccer goal 200 an at least approximately homogeneous internal magnetic field whose field lines are provided by the reference numeral 240 by way of example.
  • the gate 200 has four boundaries. A first boundary forms the first side post 200a, a second boundary forms the second side post 200b, and a third boundary forms the crossbar 200c. Finally, there is a fourth boundary through the goal line 210.
  • the ferromagnetic material in the first boundary 200a forms the first region 110 of the magnetic field generating device 100.
  • the ferromagnetic material in the second boundary 200b of the gate 200 forms the second region 120 of the magnetic field generating device 100.
  • the ferromagnetic material in the crossbar or the third boundary of the gate 200 forms the third region 130 of the device for generating the magnetic field.
  • the coil 230 is associated with the third region 130 of the device 100 and the crossbar 200c, respectively. If a voltage is applied to the coil or if the coil 230 is energized, a course of magnetic field lines results, as in a horseshoe magnet, as shown in FIG. 2 indicated by reference numeral 240. Between the two side posts 200a and 200b arises an at least approximately homogeneous field line course. The field lines between the two side posts 200a, 200b close over the ferromagnetic core 220 of the gate 200. Outside the gate 200, therefore, almost no additional magnetic field is generated. As a rule, therefore, outside the football goal 200, only the weak geomagnetic field will prevail.
  • an internal magnetic field is generated, which is superimposed on the earth's magnetic field outside the door surface.
  • a kind of magnetic field curtain is thus created within the door surface, which is penetrated by a movable object or a ball if a door falls.
  • this magnetic field sensor will measure a maximum amount of magnetic field strength as it penetrates the magnetic field curtain in the door surface. This relationship will be illustrated below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows a profile 300 of a magnetic field strength
  • -Axis at x 0 the goal area.
  • the x-axis points towards the playing field.
  • the symmetrical field strength profile shown in FIG. 3 results when the at least approximately homogeneous magnetic field is generated in the door surface 310, as for example in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2.
  • the ferromagnetic material could also be located in the crossbar 200c, one of the two side posts 200a or 200b and in an area below the goal line 210 parallel to the crossbar 200c.
  • the resulting field lines within the door surface would not be parallel to the crossbar 200c, but parallel to the two side posts 200a, 200b.
  • a consideration of an additional condition in addition to the time course of the magnetic field can be avoided if an asymmetrical course of the magnetic field strength is generated with respect to the goal line or the goal area.
  • This can be achieved according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention by generating a magnetic field parallel to the goal area behind the goal line with a device 100 according to the invention for generating a magnetic field. 4 shows a scheme for this purpose. Table perspective view of a device 100 for generating a magnetic field parallel to the goal area behind the goal line.
  • FIG. 4 shows a gate 200 having a first side post 200a, a second side post 200b and a crossbar 200c.
  • the gate 200 is located on a goal line 210.
  • a device 100 for generating a magnetic field is provided at a distance d.
  • the device 100 has a first region 110 with a ferromagnetic material, a second region 120 with a ferromagnetic material, and a third region 130 with a ferromagnetic material.
  • the device has a coil 230 which is assigned to the third region 130 or is wound around the third region 130.
  • the first area 110 of the device 100 is associated with the first side post 200a
  • the second area 120 of the device 100 is associated with the second side post 200b of the gate 200
  • the third area 130 of the device 100 is associated with the crossbar 200c of the gate 200.
  • the dimensions of the device 100 are at least as large as the dimensions of the football goal 200 in order not to obstruct the occurrence of the event "goal" as far as possible.
  • closed magnetic field lines are produced which have a part which is parallel to the door surface at a distance d behind the goal line 210 and the remaining parts thereof through the first 110, second 120 and third area 130 of the device 100.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 4 shows a profile of the magnetic field strength which is asymmetrical with respect to the goal surface or the goal line 210.
  • FIG. FIG. 5 shows a profile of the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generated by the arrangement according to FIG. 4.
  • the horseshoe magnet formed by the device 100 together with the coil 230 is located at a distance d behind the goal line 210 or the crossbar 200c.
  • a ball moves towards goal 200, it experiences an increase in magnetic field strength up to a maximum located at distance d behind goal line 210. After reaching the maximum of the magnetic field strength of the ball has passed the magnetic field curtain, whereupon the magnetic field strength decreases again.
  • a magnetic field sensor preferably a three-dimensional magnetic field sensor, is located in the center of a ball and the distance d is, for example, half the diameter of the ball, then the magnetic field sensor in the ball detects the maximum of the magnetic field intensity exactly when the ball is completely behind the goal line 210 is located. So as long as no maximum was detected, it can be assumed that no goal has fallen.
  • a goal decision by means of the inventive concept will generally be necessary if it is not recognizable for a referee whether a ball is behind the goal line or not.
  • Such scenarios are conceivable, for example, when a goalkeeper catches the ball, but it is not certain whether the goalkeeper has caught the ball in front of the goal line.
  • Another scenario arises, for example, when a ball bounces off the bottom edge of the crossbar and then lands within fractions of a second either just behind or just before the goal line. In such cases, it is often not possible for a referee, even with video recordings, to decide whether a goal has been scored or not.
  • FIG. 6 shows a crossbar 200c under which the goalkeeper never located 210.
  • the x-axis shown in FIG. 6 points in the direction away from the goal, ie in the direction of the playing field.
  • a ball 600 rebounds from the crossbar 200c at an angle + ⁇ relative to the goal area and lands in the direction of the playing field, ie in front of the goal line 210 on the ground.
  • the ball 600 bounces off the crossbar 200c just opposite the angle at the angle - ⁇ relative to the goal area and lands behind the goal line 210 in the goal.
  • the amount of the angle ⁇ is sufficiently small, it is hardly possible in a game operation with the naked eye to decide whether the ball 600 bounces in front of or behind the goal line 210.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 4 is based on the following.
  • the generated magnetic field or the generated magnetic curtain is parallel to the goal area at a distance d behind the goal line 210.
  • FIG. 7 a shows the courses of the magnetic field strength over the time t resulting for the scenarios illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the dashed curve indicated by reference numeral 700 describes the first scenario in which the ball is fired at high speed v from the field of play to the crossbar 200c and rebounds therefrom at an angle + ⁇ relative to the goal surface and lands in front of the goal line 210. In this first scenario, there is no goal.
  • the curve indicated by reference numeral 710 describes the time course of the magnetic field strength for the second scenario, in which the ball is fired at high speed v from the direction of the field against the goal bar 200c, from this at an angle - ⁇ relative to the goal surface downwards just behind the goal line bounces off. In this second scenario, so a goal falls.
  • the two time profiles of the measured magnetic field strengths 700 and 710 are congruent to each other.
  • the ball approaches from the playing field of the crossbar 200 c and thus the goal area spanned by the crossbar 200 c and the goal line 210.
  • the ball passes through an area of increasing magnetic field strength.
  • the ball bounces 600 in both scenarios to the crossbar 200c.
  • the ball 600 bounces off the crossbar 200c at the time to so that the sign of the x component vx of the velocity v reverses. As a result, the ball passes through the magnetic field in the opposite direction. By doing that, the amount
  • the ball 600 bounces off the crossbar 200c at the time to such that a goal situation arises.
  • changes
  • the velocity component v x changes
  • the sign of the velocity component v x does not change compared to before the impact the sign.
  • the ball continues to experience an increasing magnetic field after the impact in the second scenario, as indicated by the curve 710 in FIG. 7a.
  • of the velocity component v x so that at time to a point of discontinuity in the slope d
  • the magnetic field curtain With an asymmetrical arrangement of the magnetic field curtain with respect to the goal line or the goal area, therefore, an unambiguous goal decision can be made. However, it may happen that such an asymmetrical arrangement of the magnetic field curtain is not possible because, for example, additional devices behind a gate are not allowed by a regulation. In such a case, the ferromagnetic regions can be mounted, for example, within the goal boundaries or the goal posts, the crossbar or an area below the goal line, but this has an at least approximately symmetrical field strength course with respect to the goal line result.
  • the magnetic field is generated, for example, with an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, then the maximum of the magnetic field lies in the door surface, then the time profiles of the magnetic sequence shown in FIG. 7 b result for the scenarios explained with reference to FIG field strength.
  • the dashed curve 720 describes the first scenario in which there is no goal
  • the solid curve 730 refers to the second scenario in which the ball 600 lands behind the goal line 210 and thus a goal event occurs.
  • the ball 600 experiences an increase in the magnetic field strength up to the impact on the crossbar 200c at the time t0, up to a maximum which exists in the goal area, ie in the area defined by the goal line 210 and the crossbar 200c , Since the ball 600 in both scenarios continues to move with the magnitude-alike, but signally different velocity component V x after the impact at time to and the internal magnetic field is symmetrical. is formed around the toric surface, the time course of the magnetic field strength measured by a magnetic field sensor in the ball is virtually identical for both scenarios. Without an addition of an additional condition, wherein the additional condition differs from the internal magnetic field, a goal decision here is therefore not readily possible.
  • the additional condition provides an indication as to from which side the moving object or ball 600 approaches the gate 200 or moves away from the gate.
  • the ball 600 contains a three-dimensional magnetic field sensor and a radio transmitter which serves to transmit the measured field strengths to a central evaluation device.
  • the Doppler effect is utilized according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Doppler effect is the change in frequency of waves of any kind as a signal source moves toward or away from an observer. When approaching the frequency increases, in the opposite case it decreases.
  • the ball 600 sends a carrier signal having a frequency f c and moves the ball 600 on the gateway 200 to, for example, a befind Anlagen behind the goal receiver undergoes a frequency shift .DELTA.f> 0 with respect to the carrier frequency f c. If, on the other hand, the ball moves away from the gate, the receiver located behind the door experiences a frequency shift ⁇ f ⁇ 0 with respect to the carrier frequency f c . This relationship is shown schematically in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic frequency diagram with four spectral lines 800, 810, 820, 830.
  • the spectral line 800 at the frequency f c means, for example, the carrier frequency of the radio transmitter of the ball 600
  • the spectral line 810 at the frequency f c + ⁇ f D means a carrier frequency of the radio transmitter of the ball 600 shifted by an average Doppler frequency shift ⁇ f D.
  • a receiver located behind the gate 200 receives a frequency shifted signal.
  • ⁇ f D l of the frequency shift depends on an angle between a motion vector v of the ball and the connecting line from the transmitter to the receiver, ie, from the ball 600 to the receiver.
  • the ball 600 will generally have an additional rotation during a shot. This rotation causes a periodic oscillation of the frequency received by the receiver by an average Doppler shift ⁇ f D , as shown in FIG.
  • the rotation contains an expanded Doppler spectrum with a bandwidth of ( ⁇ f D , max ⁇ ⁇ f D , min ) around a center frequency (f c + ⁇ f D ).
  • the symmetry properties of the Doppler spectrum depend on the rotation of the ball. If the average Doppler frequency ⁇ f D has a positive value, then the ball 600 moves toward the receiver or gate 200. At a negative value, the ball 600 moves away from the receiver 200.
  • the Doppler frequency in particular the mean Doppler frequency .DELTA.f D , ie as an additional condition to the time course of the magnetic field strength, it can be determined by means of the Doppler frequency together with the time course of the magnetic field strength, whether a goal has fallen or not.
  • the additional condition is particularly necessary if the course of the magnetic field strength is symmetrical, ie the magnetic field For example, is generated by a device according to the invention, as shown in Fig. 2. In the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 3 can be dispensed with the above-described additional condition due to the asymmetry of the magnetic field profile around the goal line around.
  • Fig. 9 shows an apparatus 900 for determining whether a moving object has been brought through a gate with a goal area defined by the gate.
  • the apparatus 900 includes means 910 for providing information about a magnetic field experienced by the moving object.
  • the means 900 for detecting comprises means 920 for evaluating the information about the magnetic field to provide a gate statement.
  • the device 920 for evaluation is coupled to the device 910 for supplying the information about the magnetic field.
  • an internal magnetic field is measurable, which is greater than a running outside the door surface external magnetic field, such as the earth's magnetic field.
  • the device 910 is for delivering the
  • the device 910 for supplying the information about the magnetic field may, for example, be a three-dimensional one
  • Magnetic field sensor include, for example, a
  • Digitization of the measured values on a sensor chip is already integrated.
  • the device 920 for evaluating the information about the magnetic field is according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the device 920 for evaluating the information about the magnetic field is designed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to provide a gate decision by means of the time characteristic of the magnetic field.
  • a goal decision may be made based on detection of a maximum of the temporal magnetic field profile.
  • the conditions for a maximum of the time course of the magnetic field strength are dl B
  • / dt 0 and d 2
  • of the magnetic field strength from the components (B x , By, B 2 ) measured by the magnetic field sensor of a magnetic field in a spatial point according to IBI (B x 2 + B y 2 + B 2 2 ) 1/2 .
  • a criterion for deciding on a goal may also be a sign change of the first derivative d
  • a sign change from "+” to "-” will generally take place, since the magnetic field strength on approaching the goal line 210 first increases in order to decrease again after crossing it.
  • the additional condition provides an indication as to which side the moving object or the ball has approached the gate or moves away from the gate.
  • the device for detecting the additional condition could, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, therefore be a device for detecting a Doppler frequency shift, in particular a mean Doppler frequency shift ⁇ f D , which is for example mounted behind a gate.
  • force or movement conditions of the movable object can be detected in order to obtain an additional condition for the time course of the magnetic field. This can be accomplished for example by motion and / or pressure sensors in the ball, the measurement data can be sent via radio transmitter to a central evaluation.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating apparatus 100 three-dimensionally with a desired accuracy in a locating range around the gate 200, and the measured values or components (B x , B y , B 2 ) of the field vector B for each relevant point in space, for example, in a so-called lookup table to assign the respective space coordinates (x, y, z) of the space points and store.
  • the field strengths and field directions are calculated according to a further embodiment of the present invention in a region of interest within and around the gate by means of mathematical formulas, and then in a lookup table the corresponding coordinates (x, y, z ).
  • the measured values can then be compared with the previously measured or calculated and stored values from the look-up table and, if appropriate, a goal decision made.
  • the device 910 for supplying the information about the magnetic field and the device 920 for evaluating the information about the magnetic field are both arranged in the movable object or the ball 600.
  • the information about the magnetic field in the ball can be stored, and be queried according to an embodiment of the present invention in a critical goal decision.
  • the movable object or ball 600 also requires a power supply device for power supply.
  • the power supply can be ensured, for example, by a battery in the ball 600.
  • the ball 600 may be activated near the door 200 via a weak signal transmitted, for example, from a dedicated transmitter of a central control / evaluation device.
  • the ball has, for example, a receiver which receives the activation signal and then activated via a processor, the measuring system in the ball near the gate 200.
  • the processor briefly turns on the receiver in the ball every 100 milliseconds. Once the activation signal is detected by the ball, the ball goes into continuous operation.
  • the magnetic field generated by a device according to the invention can also be used as the activation signal. If the ball 600 near the gate 200, this is detected by the three-dimensional magnetic field sensor in the ball. As soon as this happens, the measuring system switches on the ball.
  • the sensors can only be put into operation for a short time every 100 milliseconds.
  • detection is always switched on only briefly to save energy. For example, if the ball 600 no longer detects a signal for a very long time, such as one day, a timer for detection is raised to ten seconds, for example. This can drastically reduce energy consumption once again. For example, since the state of a battery can be queried in the ball, it is ensured that a timer in the ball at the start of play, for example, again set to 100 milliseconds.
  • a magnetic field can be induced in these objects.
  • This magnetic field could affect the field geometry of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device 100.
  • the players do not move as fast as to cause a significant induction.
  • the Ball 600 can reach speeds of up to 140 km / h. Therefore, in one implementation, it is preferable to make sure that the electronics in the ball 600 are as small as possible and have no large conductive areas.
  • An influence on the magnetic field generated by the device 100 by power cables located in the vicinity of the device 100 is relatively small.
  • a power cable usually has a forward and a return conductor, so that cancel the magnetic fields of the forward and return conductors each other. Even with single conductors, the influence would be relatively low, since at a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the field effect would be equivalent to a slight change in the earth's magnetic field.
  • An advantage of the inventive concept for goal decision is that a goal decision can be very robust against intentional or unwanted influence.
  • An inventive system for goal decision could be disturbed, for example, by a radio link between ball 600 and a central computer is disturbed. Since, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a receiving antenna is integrated in a central processing unit close behind the gate, a disruption of the system is very complex. The antenna can also be aligned, for example, as a directional antenna to the field.
  • data transmission between the ball 600 and the central computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention is only active when the ball is very close to the gate, i. located in the location determination area. A reception power of the radio link is very high due to the relatively short distance between the ball 600 and the central computer. As a result, a potential attacker would have to use a very complex and thus, with a high degree of probability, inconspicuous facility.
  • the magnetic field generated by the device 100 could be disturbed.
  • artificial magnetic fields do not spread very far in the room.
  • an attacker would need to mount relatively large coils to create an interference field.
  • the system can detect a fault and, for example, generate a warning if it would succeed to disrupt the system by radio or by magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field generated and used is of the order of magnitude of the earth's magnetic field, it can be assumed that it has no biological effects.
  • a further advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that the movable object or the ball can have a low power consumption since it does not provide a continuous detection signal, as it does For example, in radar systems or radio location systems is necessary to send.
  • a system according to the invention is used, for example, for the goalkeeper recognition in football, then no extensive installations in a football stadium are necessary. All necessary installations are only at the two respective gates. In addition, no calibration or calibration of antennas or cameras is necessary. In addition, there is no unnecessary system load from balls not involved in the game, since they can be switched off or are not within range of the magnetic fields generated in the goal area.
  • the inventive scheme can also be implemented in software.
  • the implementation can take place on a digital storage medium, in particular a floppy disk or a CD with electronically readable control signals, which can interact with a programmable computer system and / or microcontroller such that the corresponding method is carried out.
  • the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method according to the invention, when the computer program product runs on a computer and / or microcontroller.
  • the invention can thus be realized as a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method, - when the computer program runs on a computer and / or microcontroller.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé qui permet de décider si un objet mobile a franchi un but présentant une surface définie par ledit but. Un champ magnétique interne peut être mesuré dans la surface de but ou parallèlement à cette dernière, ce champ magnétique interne étant plus grand qu'un champ magnétique externe s'étendant à l'extérieur de la surface de but. Ledit procédé comprend la production du champ magnétique interne dans le but, la production d'une information sur un champ magnétique que l'objet mobile subit et l'évaluation de l'information sur le champ magnétique pour permettre la décision d'attribution de but au moyen d'une détection révélant que l'objet mobile a traversé le champ magnétique interne.
EP07818559A 2006-10-06 2007-09-28 Concept concernant la prise de décision relative à un but à l'aide de champs magnétiques Withdrawn EP1927020A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006047376A DE102006047376B3 (de) 2006-10-06 2006-10-06 Konzept zur Torentscheidung mittels Magnetfeldern
PCT/EP2007/008479 WO2008043443A2 (fr) 2006-10-06 2007-09-28 Concept concernant la prise de décision relative à un but à l'aide de champs magnétiques

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EP1927020A2 true EP1927020A2 (fr) 2008-06-04

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EP07818559A Withdrawn EP1927020A2 (fr) 2006-10-06 2007-09-28 Concept concernant la prise de décision relative à un but à l'aide de champs magnétiques

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US (2) US8057328B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1927020A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006047376B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008043443A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008043443A3 (fr) 2008-08-21
US20080085790A1 (en) 2008-04-10
WO2008043443A2 (fr) 2008-04-17
DE102006047376B3 (de) 2008-04-10
US20120041709A1 (en) 2012-02-16
US8057328B2 (en) 2011-11-15

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