EP1926941B1 - New three pipe system - Google Patents

New three pipe system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1926941B1
EP1926941B1 EP06779678.9A EP06779678A EP1926941B1 EP 1926941 B1 EP1926941 B1 EP 1926941B1 EP 06779678 A EP06779678 A EP 06779678A EP 1926941 B1 EP1926941 B1 EP 1926941B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
central
pipe
closed
terminal unit
distribution pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06779678.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1926941A1 (en
Inventor
Aristidis Afentoulidis
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP1926941A1 publication Critical patent/EP1926941A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1926941B1 publication Critical patent/EP1926941B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a closed HVAC network, comprising a central distribution pipe, a central return pipe, a central circulator and terminal unit branches having a circulation pump.
  • a HVAC network of this kind is known from document DE 92 11 724 U1 . It discloses a system for energy efficient heating of building using a central heating boiler with several hot water chambers each of which is connected to a heating circuit with several heat consumers and a pump within the circuit. Furthermore, document EP 1 160 515 A1 discloses a HVAC network comprising a central distribution pipe, a central return pipe with a central circulator, and two terminal unit branches for an underfloor heating and a radiator heating, each of which having a circulation pump, wherein the terminal unit branches are provided by dividing the central distribution pipe and rejoining of the terminal unit branches leads to the return pipe.
  • HVAC Systems heat transfer is achieved by building closed hydraulic networks, in which the heating medium -usually water- flows.
  • the water flows through pumps or circulators, which lend water with energy that compensates for friction loss in the network.
  • Network building methodologies are plenty. All networks are comprised of a central distribution pipe and a central return pipe. The water flows through the central pipe of distribution, supplies the terminal units through the local distribution risers and branches, enters the local return pipes and, finally, the central return pipe and ends at the point it started.
  • Conventional network structures are demonstrated in Fig. ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>, ⁇ 4> and ⁇ 5>.
  • object 1 is a circulator and object 2 is a two-way control valve.
  • object 3 is a non-return valve and object 4 indicates the flow direction.
  • the initial distribution temperature is common for all terminal units. There are special cases, however, for which the temperature in the central distribution pipe is variable during water flow, and, therefore, in each terminal unit, temperature is decreased (heating) or increased (cooling) ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the specific structure is common, but not widely used.
  • the above applications which are conventional structures in a number of versions, are comprised of 3-way or 4-way control valves, additional circulators apart from the basic ones, a pressure break bottle, and self regulating valves, which do not spoil the fundamental and original structure and network building methodology.
  • Fig. ⁇ 1> The structure demonstrated in Fig. ⁇ 1> is the most common type and is widely used. A simple form of such a structure has got a central circulator for water flow, but in extended networks there can be more circulators for energy distribution.
  • Fig. ⁇ 2> has got one circulator for each terminal unit and after each circulator there is a non-return valve to cut off any undesirable reverse flow.
  • structures like that in Fig. ⁇ 2> include a central circulator (Fig. ⁇ 3>, with or without a bypass pipe), whereas structures similar to those in Fig. ⁇ 3> are often used as collectors of low pressure drop and provide for terminal unit hydraulic independence.
  • a 2-way on-off valve be used so that undesirable flow could be cut off.
  • the structure demonstrated in Fig. ⁇ 4> also called
  • Tichelmann structure is similar to that in Fig. ⁇ 1>, but the only difference is that each local branch is composed of equal sized pipes.
  • the structure demonstrated in Fig. ⁇ 5> is a Tichelmann structure with circulators per branch, whereas the structure in Fig. ⁇ 6> is a special structure, which is not commonly used due to the fact that the distribution temperature in the local branches is variable.
  • the central distribution pipe is also used as a central return pipe.
  • the structure suggested consists of a central distribution pipe which is split into two pipes and after that joined again in one pipe, so as to create a central closed loop where the local terminal units are connected.
  • the local terminal units are distributed through the one side of the split central distribution pipe and the water from each local branch returns to the other side of the split central pipe.
  • the structure of the application suggested is depicted in Fig. ⁇ 7>.
  • the central distribution pipe «A» is split in two pipes, pipes «B» and «C».
  • water flow is also split.
  • the two pipes, «B» and «C», are joined again in one pipe, pipe «D», and creates a closed loop. Water in pipes «A», «B», «C» and «D» flows in the same direction.
  • the terminal unit branches are connected to the loop.
  • Each local branch has a circulator to compensate for water distribution.
  • water flow in the terminal unit loop requires the use of a central circulator, as demonstrated in Fig. ⁇ 8>.
  • FIG. ⁇ 10> there is the structure of a simple application of the system.
  • the Figure demonstrates the division of the central pipe, the terminal unit loop, the use of the one part of the loop for the local distribution pipes, and of the other part for the point where local return pipes end.
  • Figures ⁇ 11>, ⁇ 12> and ⁇ 13> demonstrate some other more complex applications of the three-pipe system.
  • the system is characterized by symmetry, harmony and balance during operation. It is also particularly stable and hydraulically independent, and, compared with all existing similar systems, interference and interactive phenomena in the network, under similar conditions of operation, are significantly fewer and, in effect, negligible. This is an essential advantage in terms of operation, reliability and energy saving.
  • the specific structure can be applied to any HVAC system, that is, in every hydraulic closed network of heat transfer, such as in home central heating units, district heating, and hotel or building air conditioning systems with water coolers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

  • The invention relates to a closed HVAC network, comprising a central distribution pipe, a central return pipe, a central circulator and terminal unit branches having a circulation pump.
  • A HVAC network of this kind is known from document DE 92 11 724 U1 . It discloses a system for energy efficient heating of building using a central heating boiler with several hot water chambers each of which is connected to a heating circuit with several heat consumers and a pump within the circuit. Furthermore, document EP 1 160 515 A1 discloses a HVAC network comprising a central distribution pipe, a central return pipe with a central circulator, and two terminal unit branches for an underfloor heating and a radiator heating, each of which having a circulation pump, wherein the terminal unit branches are provided by dividing the central distribution pipe and rejoining of the terminal unit branches leads to the return pipe.
    • • Theoretical considerations
  • In HVAC Systems, heat transfer is achieved by building closed hydraulic networks, in which the heating medium -usually water- flows. The water flows through pumps or circulators, which lend water with energy that compensates for friction loss in the network. Network building methodologies are plenty. All networks are comprised of a central distribution pipe and a central return pipe. The water flows through the central pipe of distribution, supplies the terminal units through the local distribution risers and branches, enters the local return pipes and, finally, the central return pipe and ends at the point it started. Conventional network structures are demonstrated in Fig. <1>, <2>, <3>, <4> and <5>.
  • To facilitate understanding, it is emphasized that in Fig.1, object 1 is a circulator and object 2 is a two-way control valve. In Fig. 3, object 3 is a non-return valve and object 4 indicates the flow direction. The specific objects are depicted in all figures according to the illustrated example.
  • In all networks, the initial distribution temperature is common for all terminal units. There are special cases, however, for which the temperature in the central distribution pipe is variable during water flow, and, therefore, in each terminal unit, temperature is decreased (heating) or increased (cooling) (Fig. 6). The specific structure is common, but not widely used.
  • Notably, the above applications, which are conventional structures in a number of versions, are comprised of 3-way or 4-way control valves, additional circulators apart from the basic ones, a pressure break bottle, and self regulating valves, which do not spoil the fundamental and original structure and network building methodology.
  • The structure demonstrated in Fig. <1> is the most common type and is widely used. A simple form of such a structure has got a central circulator for water flow, but in extended networks there can be more circulators for energy distribution.
  • The structure demonstrated in Fig. <2> has got one circulator for each terminal unit and after each circulator there is a non-return valve to cut off any undesirable reverse flow. Frequently, structures like that in Fig. <2> include a central circulator (Fig. <3>, with or without a bypass pipe), whereas structures similar to those in Fig. <3> are often used as collectors of low pressure drop and provide for terminal unit hydraulic independence. Apart 35 from the non-return valve above the circulators, it is likely that a 2-way on-off valve be used so that undesirable flow could be cut off. The structure demonstrated in Fig. <4> (also called
  • Tichelmann structure), is similar to that in Fig. <1>, but the only difference is that each local branch is composed of equal sized pipes. The structure demonstrated in Fig. <5> is a Tichelmann structure with circulators per branch, whereas the structure in Fig. <6> is a special structure, which is not commonly used due to the fact that the distribution temperature in the local branches is variable. In the specific structure, the central distribution pipe is also used as a central return pipe.
  • In all structures discussed above, especially in the basic types, there are interference and interactive phenomena; in other words, adjusting or cutting off a branch can lead to flow variation and ΔP (pressure drop) in the rest of branches, which is different for different types of networks and depends on network sizing. Interactive phenomena in the branches are critical and bring about various problems related to network operation, heating or cooling failure per terminal unit, energy waste and, in general terms, network deterioration.
  • The specific problems can be partly eliminated by using self regulating valves, pressure break bottles and 3-way or 4-way valves, depending on the case.
  • Reference :
    1. 1. Recknagel Sprenger Schramek, Taschenbuch fuer Heizung und Klimatechnik 94/95
    2. 2. Robert Petitjean, Total Hydronic Balancing
    3. 3. H. Roos, Hydraulik der Wasserheizung. 2A
    4. 4. W. Burkhardt, Projektierung von Warmwasserheizungen
    5. 5. Trainings & Weiterbildungszentrum Wolfenbueteel e.V. (enev.tww.de)
    6. 6. Internetsite (hydronicpros.com) by John Siegenthaler
    7. 7. ASHRAE Handbook
    • The patent
  • The structure suggested consists of a central distribution pipe which is split into two pipes and after that joined again in one pipe, so as to create a central closed loop where the local terminal units are connected.
  • In detail, the local terminal units are distributed through the one side of the split central distribution pipe and the water from each local branch returns to the other side of the split central pipe. The structure of the application suggested is depicted in Fig. <7>. The central distribution pipe «A» is split in two pipes, pipes «B» and «C». In the specific pipes, water flow is also split. The two pipes, «B» and «C», are joined again in one pipe, pipe «D», and creates a closed loop. Water in pipes «A», «B», «C» and «D» flows in the same direction. The terminal unit branches are connected to the loop. Each local branch has a circulator to compensate for water distribution. During operation, when all terminal units are deactivated, water flow is split in branches «B» and «C» and does not enter any terminal unit branches. When one terminal unit is activated, water flow in branch "B" is increased by the rate of flow in the activated terminal unit and in branch "C" it is reduced by the same rate. At the point after the terminal unit, the opposite procedure takes place in the two branches, and consequently the water flow in branch "B" is reduced by the rate of flow in the activated terminal unit and in branch "C" it is increased at the same rate.
  • The more terminal units are activated, the more the quantity of water that enters branch «B» and the less that enters branch «C».
  • On the contrary, at the end of the loop, water flow is increased in branch «C» and reduced in branch «B».
  • Notably, water flow in the terminal unit loop requires the use of a central circulator, as demonstrated in Fig. <8>.
  • In case of reverse flow in deactivated terminal units, a non-return valve is recommended for each terminal unit, Fig. <9>.
  • In Fig. <10>, there is the structure of a simple application of the system. The Figure demonstrates the division of the central pipe, the terminal unit loop, the use of the one part of the loop for the local distribution pipes, and of the other part for the point where local return pipes end. Figures <11>, <12> and <13> demonstrate some other more complex applications of the three-pipe system.
  • In general terms, the system is characterized by symmetry, harmony and balance during operation. It is also particularly stable and hydraulically independent, and, compared with all existing similar systems, interference and interactive phenomena in the network, under similar conditions of operation, are significantly fewer and, in effect, negligible. This is an essential advantage in terms of operation, reliability and energy saving. The specific structure can be applied to any HVAC system, that is, in every hydraulic closed network of heat transfer, such as in home central heating units, district heating, and hotel or building air conditioning systems with water coolers.

Claims (4)

  1. A closed HVAC network, comprising a central distribution pipe (A), a central return pipe, a central circulator and terminal unit branches having a circulation pump, characterized in that said central distribution pipe (A) is branched at least once, into at least two branched pipes (B, C) that are afterwards rejoined again in one common pipe (D), forming thus at least one closed loop, which is followed by said central return pipe, said terminal unit branches being positioned inside the closed loop, each of the terminal unit branches starting at one of the branched pipes and ending at the other.
  2. A closed HVAC network according to Claim 1, characterized in that said central distribution pipe (A) is branched in more than two pipes (B, C).
  3. A closed HVAC network according to Claim 1, characterized in that said central distribution pipe (A) is branched more than once, each new branching taking place after each rejoining of the branches, forming thus a series of closed loops.
  4. A closed HVAC network according to claim 1, characterized in that said central distribution pipe (A) is branched more than once, by consecutive branching of the central distribution pipe (A), forming thus multiple parallel closed loops.
EP06779678.9A 2005-09-22 2006-09-20 New three pipe system Not-in-force EP1926941B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR20050100487A GR1005315B (en) 2005-09-22 2005-09-22 Three-pipe heating and cooling system
PCT/GR2006/000051 WO2007034246A1 (en) 2005-09-22 2006-09-20 New three pipe system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1926941A1 EP1926941A1 (en) 2008-06-04
EP1926941B1 true EP1926941B1 (en) 2013-06-12

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ID=37600746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06779678.9A Not-in-force EP1926941B1 (en) 2005-09-22 2006-09-20 New three pipe system

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US (1) US20080251244A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1926941B1 (en)
GR (1) GR1005315B (en)
WO (1) WO2007034246A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008027346A1 (en) * 2008-06-07 2009-12-10 Uponor Innovation Ab Cable arrangement for the temperature control of buildings
EA022321B1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2015-12-30 Дек Дизайн Микэникл Кэнсалтентс Лтд. District energy sharing system
EP2428738A3 (en) * 2010-09-14 2014-07-09 Aristidis Afentoulidis Closed, hydraulic pipeline structure for a heating or cooling system
US20140116646A1 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-05-01 Mario Viscovich Conflated Air Conditioning System
CN103255806B (en) * 2013-05-30 2015-01-28 广西红墙新材料有限公司 Central circulating water supply system of workshops

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5517053A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-02-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air conditioning unit
JPH0238833B2 (en) * 1979-11-24 1990-09-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd BUNRYUGATARYUTAIBURITSUJIKAIRO
JPS6269035A (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-03-30 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd Heating medium supply device
JPH0198836A (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-17 Hoxan Corp Centralized hot water feed system by instantaneous water heater
DE9211724U1 (en) 1992-08-31 1992-12-24 Kutzer, Annerose, 8911 Windach System for energy-efficient heating of buildings
FR2716959B1 (en) * 1994-03-04 1996-05-15 Thermique Generale Vinicole Distribution and / or collection of cold and / or hot.
DE19806157C2 (en) * 1998-02-14 2003-04-17 Herbert Schwarz Kit for creating a water-bearing piping system
DE10027656A1 (en) 2000-06-03 2001-12-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heating system with at least two heating circuits
US6607141B2 (en) * 2000-08-02 2003-08-19 Somchai Paarporn Decentralized pumping system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080251244A1 (en) 2008-10-16
EP1926941A1 (en) 2008-06-04
GR1005315B (en) 2006-10-06
WO2007034246A1 (en) 2007-03-29

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