Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0207—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by blowing air or gas currents with or without dispersion of fire extinguishing agents; Apparatus therefor, e.g. fans
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
  • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
  • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
  • F04D29/544—Blade shapes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
  • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/56—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
  • F04D29/563—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
  • F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/703—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps specially for fans, e.g. fan guards

Definitions

• Fan for fire fighting including a rectifier of the airflow
• the present invention relates to a fan for fire fighting including a device for guiding the air flow produced by the fan propeller.
• the air flow guiding device is in the form of a generally cylindrical tubular envelope, mounted coaxial with the axis of rotation of the helix and has the function of increasing the efficiency of the fan to facilitate the work of firefighters during their intervention.
• the cylindrical envelope is closed at its front end by a protective grid.
• the procedure for the intervention of firefighters in a smoky building consists first of all in creating an access to the building, for example by breaking a door, and then in forming an evacuation hole towards the outside of the building, for example by breaking a window pane.
• Firefighters can then place a fire-fighting fan outside the smoky building to create a flow of air through the door and evacuate dangerous hot smoke to the outside of the building. window.
• This procedure is intended primarily to avoid the phenomenon of flashover that occurs when the fumes at 800 0 C flare up.
• the second interest of the procedure is to increase visibility in the building to facilitate and accelerate the intervention of firefighters. Therefore, the intervention procedure of firefighters can be conducted effectively only with the use of a performance and adapted ventilation system.
• FIG 1 there is illustrated very schematically a conventional fan 1 with a propeller 2 in plan view.
• the fan is disposed in front of a door 3 to a smoky building 4 so as to form a flow of air 8 passing through the access door 3 to evacuate the fumes.
• the conventional fan 1 is here provided with a guiding device 5 of the air flow which is in the form of a cylindrical envelope surrounding the propeller 2 and projecting in front of the propeller 2 in the direction of movement of the flow of air to channel and guide the flow of air.
• the reference 6 designates the axis of rotation of the helix and the reference 7 designates the fan motor, for example an electric, thermal or hydraulic motor.
• the air flow 8 concentrates at the outlet of the fan in a frustoconical shaped space whose opening angle is indicated by the reference A.
• FIG 2 there is illustrated the conventional fan 1 of Figure 1 seen from the side.
• the fan 1 produces an air flow 8 of generally frustoconical shape having the opening angle A.
• the distance between the helix 2 and the access door 3 is about two meters in order to obtain an effective evacuation of the fumes outside the building 4. This distance is relatively short and the firemen may be hampered by the small distance left between the fan 1 and the door 3 access to the inflamed room 4.
• the problem is aggravated when access to the door 3 is by a stoop.
• the fan may have to be placed on the floor at the bottom of the stoop to keep sufficient access distance between the fan 2 and the access door 3.
• the amount of air entering the smoky building 4 is then greatly reduced because the stoop then makes screen the lower part of the air flow produced by the fan.
• the object of the invention is to provide a fan for fire fighting whose performance is increased.
• the fan proposed according to the invention must allow to quickly evacuate the hot fumes while releasing a large space in front of the building ignited to facilitate and accelerate the intervention of firefighters.
• the subject of the invention is a propeller fan for fire-fighting comprising a device for guiding the air flow produced by the fan propeller, which is in the form of a mounted tubular casing. coaxial with the axis of rotation of the propeller, characterized in that a baffle system is disposed in the tubular casing for rectifying and concentrating the air flow produced by the fan propeller.
• the fan according to the invention may have the following features
• the baffles are blades arranged radially in the tubular envelope
• each blade has a V-shaped cross-section, the two branches of which respectively define a band for receiving the air flow and a strip for rectifying the air flow, the straightening strip extending substantially parallel to the axis; rotation of the helix and the receiving band extending between the helix and the straightening band by being inclined with respect to the straightening band;
• the propeller has blades which extend substantially perpendicular to the blade receiving strip; With this arrangement, there are reduced pressure drops.
• the air flow produced by the propeller is channeled by the blade receiving strip and then slides on the straightening strip of the blades in the direction of the axis of rotation of the propeller.
• the baffles are tubes juxtaposed between them and of circular section, or hexagonal forming a honeycomb structure, or of square section.
• the tubes are arranged in the tubular casing coaxially with the axis of rotation of the fan impeller.
• blades may be provided for deflectors which have a section in an arc, which are well adapted to straighten and guide a flow of air produced by a helix having curved blades, that is to say also with an arcuate section.
• the orientation of the blades can be adjusted by an adjustment system, whether for section blades V-shaped or arcuate section blades, which allows to modify and / or optimize the flow of air.
• the fan according to the invention further comprises a second baffle system which is disposed in the tubular casing downstream of the vane deflector system in the direction of the air flow.
• the fan according to this embodiment may have the following features:
• the deflectors of the second deflector system are concentric tubes arranged in the tubular casing coaxially with the axis of rotation of the helix;
• the baffles of the second baffle system are tubes juxtaposed between them and arranged in the tubular casing coaxially with the axis of rotation of the helix;
• the concentric tubes and the juxtaposed tubes have a circular or hexagonal or square section
• the deflectors can be mounted movable in axial translation in the tubular casing.
• the fan according to the invention comprises a protection grid constituted by said second system of baffles.
• the number of deflectors in the tubular casing is greater than the number of blades of the fan propeller.
• the air flow guiding device can be removably mounted on the fan which allows the same guiding device to be used on different fans. Fixing the guide device on the fan may be a notching system for example.
• Figure 1 shows a top view of a conventional fan placed in front of an access door.
• Figure 2 illustrates a side view of the conventional fan shown in Figure 1.
• Figure 3 shows an exploded representation of a fan according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 schematically shows the arrangement of a fan blade of the fan and a deflector according to a first example of a first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 5 shows schematically the arrangement of a fan blade of the fan and a deflector according to a second example of the first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6 schematically illustrates a fan according to the invention seen from above facing an access door.
• Figure 7 schematically illustrates a fan according to the invention seen from the side and facing an access door.
• Figure 8 schematically illustrates a fan according to the invention seen from the side and facing an access door provided with a step.
• Fig. 9 is a graph that illustrates the air flow rate provided by a conventional fan and the air flow rate provided by a fan according to the invention, as a function of the distance to the entrance of a building.
• Figure 10 shows schematically a second embodiment of the baffle system according to the invention.
• FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the baffles of the air flow of Figure 10 seen in axial section.
• FIG. 12 schematically shows a blade of the helix section in the form of a circular arc with a blade also with section in the shape of an arc of a circle.
• Figure 13 schematically illustrates the setting of the orientation of the blades.
• Figure 14 further illustrates schematically the adjustment of the orientation of the blades.
• Figure 15 schematically illustrates a system for adjusting the orientation of the blades.
• Figure 16 schematically illustrates the guide device according to a third embodiment of the invention seen in axial section.
• Figure 17 schematically illustrates the guiding device according to a third embodiment of the invention seen from the front.
• Fig. 18 is a graph that illustrates the air flow rate provided by a conventional fan and the air flow rate provided by a fan according to the third embodiment of the invention, as a function of the distance from the inlet of a building.
• Figures 1 and 2 have already been presented in the introduction.
• Figure 3 illustrates the first embodiment of the fan according to the invention.
• the fan 11 is shown in a simplified manner with a propeller 12 and a guiding device 13 installed downstream of the propeller 12, the direction of the air flow being represented by the arrow 14.
• the helix 12 rotating about the axis 15 comprises a central cylindrical hub 16 at the periphery of which are regularly distributed a plurality of blades 17 extending radially relative to the axis 15.
• the device air flow guide 13 comprises a tubular envelope 18, here cylindrical, which is mounted coaxially with the axis 15 and a deflector system whose deflectors are arranged in the cylindrical envelope 18 and are in the form of a plurality of blades 20 mounted radially at the periphery of a central disc 19.
• the baffles are fixed in the envelope.
• the cylindrical envelope 18 can be removably mounted on the fan 11.
• the diameter of the disc 19 is substantially equal to that of the hub 16 of the propeller.
• the number of blades 20 is greater than the number of blades 17 of the propeller 12.
• the propeller 12 comprises ten blades 17 and the guide device 13 comprises twenty blades 20.
• each blade 20 has a profiled V-shaped cross-section.
• a V-shaped branch constitutes a straightening band of the air flow 21 and is oriented along the axis of rotation 15.
• the straightening band 21 is therefore parallel to the axis 15.
• the other branch of the V-shape constitutes the air flow receiving band 22 and is inclined with respect to the straightening band 21.
• the receiving band 22 is therefore secant to the axis 15.
• the receiving band 22 of each vane 20 is disposed between the straightening band 21 and the helix 12.
• the flow of air created by the rotation of the helix 12 is first received on the receiving strip 22 of the blades and then slide towards the rectifying band 21 of the blades 20.
• Figure 4 there is shown very schematically the section V-shaped of a blade 20 and a blade 17 of the helix which extends in a plane forming a right angle with the plane in which the reception strip 22 of the blade 20 extends.
• the reception strip 22 of the blade 20 is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation 15 of the helix 22 with an angle ⁇ and the blade 17 is inclined relative to the axis of rotation 15 of an angle Y.
• the width of the straightening band 21 may be constant or variable along the length of the blade 20 to straighten the airflow evenly.
• the width of the reception band 22 may also be variable along the blade 20 and follow the profile of the blade 17 so that the space left free between the blade 17 and the blade 20 remains constant. For example, if the width of the blade 17 decreases away from the axis of rotation 15, then the width of the receiving belt 22 increases away from the axis of rotation 15 so as to keep the space left free constant. With such an arrangement of the deflector according to the invention, the flow rate and pressure efficiency of the air flow of the fan 11 are optimized.
• the space between the blades 17 and the blades 20 is constant and is about 5 mm.
• the width of the receiving strip 22 is substantially identical to the width of the straightening strip 21, a width of about 21 mm.
• the average width of the blades 17 is 42 mm for a helical diameter of 400 mm.
• the width of the straightening band 21 can be adapted to the width of the blade 17 and the flow rate and pressure required to make the air flow more or less concentrated.
• the receiving band 22 may be adapted to the profile of the blade 17, for example if the blade 17 is bent to a certain radius of curvature, the receiving band 22 may be curved according to the same radius of curvature.
• the width of the receiving strip 22 of a blade can be constant along of the dawn 20 whatever the profile of the blade 17.
• a fan such as 11 with a deflector according to the invention can be placed at a distance of 4 meters from an access door 3 instead of a distance of 2 meters with a conventional fan such as 1, which allows firefighters gain easier access to the burning building 4.
• FIG. 6 there is shown a situation where all the air flow enters completely through the door in the room 4 while having a fan that is further from the access door than the fan 1 in Figure 1.
• FIG. 7 shows the fan 11 according to the invention viewed from the side and oriented vertically with an angle, for example about 10 °, so that the air flow 30 is centered vertically on the middle of the height of the door 3 and so that the air flow does not touch the ground.
• the frustoconical shape of the air flow 30 does not occupy vertically the entire space of the access door, which means that there remains a margin to orient the fan
• the fan 11 according to the invention remains adapted since it can be arranged at a relatively large distance
• the fan 11 is inclined so that the axis of rotation
• the curve 32 (in broken lines) represents the flow rate of the air flow (on the ordinate axis) of a conventional fan 1 and the curve 33 (in solid lines). ) the flow rate of the flow of the fan 11 according to the invention as a function of the distance between said fan and the access to the building.
• the flow rate of the air flow is expressed in cubic meter per hour and on the abscissa axis, the distance between the fan and the access to the building is expressed in meters. It can be seen from the graph that with fan 11 a slightly higher maximum flow rate is obtained and that in addition this maximum flow rate of 19100 cubic meters per hour is maintained over a greater distance in comparison with curve 32.
• FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of a guiding device 40 according to the invention with a deflector system whose deflectors consist of a plurality of tubes 43 juxtaposed and coaxial with the axis 15 of the helix and arranged fixed in the cylindrical envelope 41 around a disc 42.
• the tubes 43 are here regularly distributed around the axis 15 in two concentric rows.
• FIG. 10 shows thirty cylindrical section tubes 43 for a fan helical diameter of about 550 mm.
• the disc 42 is coaxial with the hub 16 of the propeller 12 and the diameter of the casing 41 is substantially greater than the diameter of the propeller 12.
• the space between the blades 17 of the propeller 12 and the tubes 43 must be less than the length of the tubes 43 in the direction indicated by the arrow 14.
• the length of the tubes 43 is at less than 3 times greater than the space between the blades 17 and the tubes 43.
• the tubes 43 are disposed at about 50 mm from the blades 17 and have a length minimum of 150mm. It is understood that the cylindrical casing 41 can still be removably mounted on the fan casing.
• the tubes 43 may have a cross section of hexagonal shape and thus constitute a kind of honeycomb structure.
• the tubes 43 may still have a cross section of square shape and in this case they constitute a kind of grid with square meshes.
• FIG. 12 shows another variant embodiment of the invention in which the fan comprises a helix with vanes 17 'of profiled cross-section in the form of a circular arc and in which the guiding device comprises blades. 20 'cross section shaped also in the shape of an arc.
• the reference 15 designates the axis of rotation of the fan propeller.
• the longitudinal end portion 22 'of the blade 20' which is closest to the blade 17 ' constitutes a receiving band for the air flow 5 while the longitudinal end portion 21' of the blade which is farthest from the blade 17 'is a straightening band of the air flow.
• the circular arc shape of the blade helps to guide the flow of air continuously, without breakage, which can cause turbulence.
• the radius of curvature of a blade such that 20 'is related to the radius of curvature of the blade 17'. In general, the more the blade 17 'is curved, the more the blade 20' must be curved.
• FIG. 13 shows a variant of the embodiment in which the V-shaped profiled section vane 20 is mounted on an axis of rotation 50 to have an adjustable orientation. In this exemplary case, the two branches of the V move at the same time around the axis 50.
• FIG. 14 shows another variant of the embodiment in which it is the reception band. a vane 20 with a profiled V-shaped cross-section which is mounted on the axis of rotation 50.
• Adjusting the orientation of a complete blade or of the blade receiving strip as described above makes it possible to modify the flow of air or to optimize this flow of air in the case where the Fan blades have an adjustable orientation.
• FIG. 15 very schematically shows a pinion gear system arranged to transmit to the shafts 50 of the blades 20 a rotational movement exerted on an adjustment bolt 51 accessible from the front of the fan.
• This geared gear system here comprises a toothed wheel 52 whose central axis is integral with the bolt 51 and which is engaged on a range of pinion wheels 53 with a rotational axis 50.
• a gears gear system a worm or slide motion transmission system or the like which makes it possible to modify the orientation of the blades such as 20 or 20 '.
• the blade airflow guiding device described with reference to FIG. 3 further comprises a second deflector system 60 for the rectification of airflow.
• the second baffle system 60 is disposed at one end downstream of the vane deflector system in the direction of the airflow indicated by the arrow 14.
• the guiding device comprises an envelope 61, a central disk 62 having substantially the same diameter as the hub 16 of the propeller, the deflectors in the form of blades 20 and the second system 60 whose deflectors are constituted by a plurality of tubes 63 of circular section.
• the central disc 62 is mounted coaxially with the axis of rotation 15 of the propeller 11 and the blades 20 extend radially between the envelope 61 and the central disc 62.
• the tubes 63 are arranged in the envelope 61 coaxially with the axis of rotation 15 of the helix 12 and concentric about the axis 15. This concentric arrangement is shown in FIG. the concentric tubes 63 are distributed over the entire length of the straightening strips 21 of the blades 20.
• the tubes 63 are mounted at the end of the straightening strips 21 which is downstream in the direction of the air flow.
• the tubes 63 may be welded to the straightening strips 21.
• the height of the concentric tubes 63 is at least equal to half the width of the straightening band 21.
• the spacing between the concentric tubes 63 meets the EN294 standard, in order to define a safety distance which prevents reaching the blades of the rotating propeller constituting dangerous areas.
• Such a second airflow rectifier system 60 also fulfills the protective grille function.
• the envelope 61 consists of a portion of cylindrical shape similar to the cylindrical envelope 18 and a portion of frustoconical shape.
• the cylindrical portion axially covers the blades 20 and extends into the frustoconical portion covering the blades 17 of the propeller.
• the frustoconical portion flares in the opposite direction of the arrow 14.
• Such a casing 61 optimizes the suction of the air flow without causing a loss of load further increasing the performance of the device.
• the guiding device combines the rectification of airflow vane described with reference to Figure 3 with the rectification performed by the second system 60 to improve the recovery and guidance of the air flow.
• the fan according to this third embodiment thus has increased efficiency and always a good compromise size / performance.
• Curve 65 (solid line) represents the flow rate of the fan air flow according to the invention (on the ordinate axis) as a function of the distance between said fan and the access to the building (on the axis of abscissa).
• Curve 66 (in broken lines) represents the flow rate of the air flow of a conventional fan. The flow rate of the air flow is expressed in cubic meters per hour and the distance between the fan and the access to the building is expressed in meters.
• the fan according to the invention and the conventional fan are equipped with the same propeller and have the same power.
• the tubes 63 may be made of steel or molded plastic.
• the vanes of the vane straightener may have a cross section V-shaped or arcuate as described above.
• the reception strips 22 of the vane 20 having a profiled section may have an adjustable orientation as described with reference to FIG.
• the concentric tubes 63 of the second deflector system 60 have a hexagonal or square section.
• the second system 60 with concentric tubes can be replaced by the juxtaposed tube system described with reference to FIG.
• the envelope 61 may be perforated.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ID=36507052

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• 2005
  • 2005-09-09 FR FR0552732A patent/FR2890569B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-05-02 RU RU2008113837/12A patent/RU2378028C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-05-02 DE DE202006021186U patent/DE202006021186U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2006-05-02 EP EP06794394.4A patent/EP1926534B1/de not_active Revoked
  • 2006-05-02 WO PCT/FR2006/050407 patent/WO2007028910A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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