EP1925008B1 - Einrichtung zum umschalten eines elektrischen schaltkreises unter verwendung von mindestens zwei permanentmagneten - Google Patents

Einrichtung zum umschalten eines elektrischen schaltkreises unter verwendung von mindestens zwei permanentmagneten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1925008B1
EP1925008B1 EP06763534A EP06763534A EP1925008B1 EP 1925008 B1 EP1925008 B1 EP 1925008B1 EP 06763534 A EP06763534 A EP 06763534A EP 06763534 A EP06763534 A EP 06763534A EP 1925008 B1 EP1925008 B1 EP 1925008B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
moving
positions
fixed
fixed permanent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06763534A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1925008A1 (de
Inventor
Laurent Chiesi
Benoit Grappe
Dominique Benni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0551506A external-priority patent/FR2886758B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0553178A external-priority patent/FR2892226B1/fr
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP1925008A1 publication Critical patent/EP1925008A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1925008B1 publication Critical patent/EP1925008B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/0013—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits
    • H01H36/0026—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits comprising a biasing, helping or polarising magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H2036/0093—Micromechanical switches actuated by a change of the magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches comprising a plurality of reed switches, e.g. selectors or joystick-operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device of an electrical circuit comprising a movable actuating member, acting by magnetic effect on a switch to switch the electric circuit.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a switching device that can be used as a push-button, position detector, sliding button or rotary knob.
  • He is known by the patent US 3,921,108 a push button-type assembly comprising an actuating member movable in translation between a rest position and a working position and able to set in motion a permanent magnet housed in the push-button.
  • the permanent magnet is rotatably mounted on a curved leaf spring on which the actuating member acts. At rest, the permanent magnet is inclined relative to the axis of the assembly and is adapted to follow a rotational movement when the actuating member acts on the spring.
  • the permanent magnet is able to control by magnetic effect a "reed" type switch to switch an electrical circuit. The position of the permanent magnet relative to the switch makes it possible to close or open the electrical circuit.
  • He is also known by the document EP 0 283 781 a switching device adapted to be used in a rescue system at sea.
  • This device comprises in particular a "reed" type switch which comprises two flexible blades that can come closer under the influence of a magnetic field to close an electrical circuit.
  • the device further comprises a fixed permanent magnet of axial magnetization whose magnetic field imposes the approximation of the two flexible blades and a movable permanent magnet also of axial magnetization and in the same direction as that of the fixed permanent magnet which, when is approached imposes the opening of the switch.
  • the movement of the moving permanent magnet is achieved by the level of the water present in a cavity of the device.
  • the operating principle described in this document is not suitable for use in a push button, position detector or sliding button.
  • the document FR 2 365 873 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a switching device of an electrical circuit adapted to switch miniature switches and having a simple structure and operation.
  • the magnetic effect-closed electrical contact makes it possible to make the ohmic contact resistance independent of the force exerted by the operator. This resistance is therefore perfectly reproducible at each manipulation.
  • the operation of the device is perfectly constant over time, the actuating member being urged in motion not by a mechanical spring but by the magnetic repulsion effect exerted between the two magnets in opposition.
  • the magnetic effect of repulsion gives the user a particular tactile effect when pressing on the actuating member.
  • the two permanent magnets participate together to perform a non-contact switching of the electrical circuit and to allow the return of the actuating member in the initial position.
  • the mobile permanent magnet is movable in translation between at least two positions in a main plane parallel to a substrate on which is mounted the movable element.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the movable permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction, the two magnets being in opposition by their edge.
  • the moving permanent magnet is automatically returned to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thus also causing the actuating member to its initial position, for example a rest position.
  • the use of a mechanical return device of the actuating member, such as a spring, is not necessary.
  • the movable permanent magnet when the movable permanent magnet is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is held in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the magnetic field created by the magnet mobile standing.
  • the switch is placed under the movable permanent magnet.
  • the movable element when the moving permanent magnet is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is held in a position by inverting the curvature of the field lines caused under the prevailing influence of the magnetic field created by the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the switch is placed under the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the device comprises a plurality of switches and the movable permanent magnet can take several different positions for, in each of these positions, switch one or more of the switches.
  • the actuating member is for example a control lever or a directional button.
  • the fixed permanent magnet can have a toric shape, and encircle the movable permanent magnet.
  • the switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet and the moving permanent magnet is multidirectional between a central equilibrium position and close positions of each of the switches to be able to switch each of them.
  • each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet.
  • Fixed permanent magnets are distributed, for example circularly, around the moving permanent magnet.
  • the moving permanent magnet is multidirectional and can take a central position, for example central, relative to fixed permanent magnets and a close position of each of the fixed permanent magnets to switch the switch associated with them.
  • the device according to this first embodiment may also comprise a magnetic retaining device requiring a minimum force to exert on the actuating member to begin its movement.
  • This retaining device comprises for example a ferromagnetic part mounted on the body of the device against which the mobile permanent magnet rests when the actuating member is in one of its positions.
  • the moving permanent magnet is therefore in magnetic interaction both with the fixed permanent magnet for the return to initial position but also with the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device.
  • the particular tactile sensation felt by the user during a pressure on the actuating member therefore results from the combination between the repulsion magnetic effect exerted between the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device. This tactile sensation is not likely to deteriorate over time since it is achieved simply by the combination of these different magnetic effects.
  • the mobile permanent magnet is rotatable between at least two positions about an axis perpendicular to a main plane parallel to a substrate on which is mounted the movable member.
  • the mobile permanent magnet can take a so-called remote position in which its distal end is turned, for example 180 ° relative to the fixed permanent magnet so that the magnetic field created by the moving permanent magnet has a small influence or zero on the switch and a so-called close position in which the distal end of the movable permanent magnet is adjacent to the movable permanent magnet to switch the switch.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the movable permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction.
  • the movable element when the moving permanent magnet is in a position in which its distal end is remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is held in a position under the influence of the first magnetic field.
  • the device comprises a plurality of switches and the movable permanent magnet can take several different angular positions for, in each of its positions, switch one or more of these switches.
  • the fixed permanent magnet can have a toroidal shape encircling the moving permanent magnet.
  • the switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet can rotate several distinct angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches.
  • each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet, the fixed permanent magnets being distributed, for example circularly around the movable permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet can then rotate several distinct angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches.
  • the switch or switches may be enclosed in a housing for example hermetic and waterproof in order to prevent any penetration of dust that may interfere with the operation of the device.
  • An actuating mechanism for the one or more switches comprising the fixed permanent magnet and the movable permanent magnet is then for example located outside the housing for controlling the switch or switches.
  • the mobile permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet are superimposed and the mobile permanent magnet is movable in translation between two positions along a main axis perpendicular to a substrate on which is mounted the movable element.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the movable permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction parallel to the main axis and oriented in opposite directions.
  • the opposition of the two permanent magnets is thus achieved by their two main faces vis-à-vis.
  • the movable permanent magnet is thus automatically recalled to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thereby driving the actuating member towards its initial position, for example a position rest.
  • the use of a specific device to return the actuating member to its initial position is not necessary.
  • the movable element is disposed between the two permanent magnets.
  • the movable permanent magnet when the movable permanent magnet is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is maintained in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the first magnetic field.
  • the movable element when the moving permanent magnet is in a position close to the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is held in a position by inverting the field lines caused under the dominating influence of the second magnetic field. .
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the movable permanent magnet are arranged symmetrically in the device with respect to the main axis and the movable element is offset with respect to the main axis.
  • the device according to this third embodiment comprises several switches offset with respect to the main axis.
  • the switches are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.
  • the actuating member may comprise a structure or elastic membrane with sudden transformation. This structure can provide a tactile sensation to the user of the device.
  • the device according to this third embodiment may comprise a magnetic retaining device of the actuating member requiring a minimum force to exert on the actuating member to begin its movement.
  • the magnetic retaining device comprises at least one fixed ferromagnetic piece mounted on the body and in magnetic attraction with the movable permanent magnet when the actuating member is in one of its positions, for example its rest position.
  • the retaining device may also comprise two ferromagnetic parts in magnetic attraction when the actuating member is in one of its positions, a first part being mounted on the actuating member and a second part being mounted on the body of the device.
  • the user feels a particular tactile effect achieved by the combination of the repulsion magnetic effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted, depending on the variants, between the two ferromagnetic parts of the retaining device or between the movable permanent magnet and a fixed ferromagnetic part.
  • the mobile element is for example a pivoting membrane mounted on a substrate and carrying at one of its ends an electrical contact establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts disposed on the substrate when the membrane is in the position. closing the electrical circuit.
  • the device may comprise a magnetic shielding device.
  • This shielding device allows for example to protect the switches from external magnetic influences.
  • an axis is defined, called the main axis (A), passing through the switching device in a vertical direction.
  • the principle of the invention is based on the use of at least two permanent magnets (5, 6, 50, 60, 500, 600) in a switching device (1, 10, 100) of an electrical circuit such as a push button, a switch or position detector, a sliding button or a turning knob.
  • the switching device (1, 10, 100) comprises a movable permanent magnet (6, 60, 600) integral with an actuating member (3, 30, 300) of the device and at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50,500).
  • the actuating member (3, 30, 300) is movable in translation in a vertical direction as in a push button ( Figures 8 to 9B ), following a horizontal direction as in a sliding Figures 1A to 4B ) or is rotatable as in a rotating knob ( FIGS. 5A to 7B ).
  • the switching device (1, 10, 100) can also be used as a position detector using a push-type, sliding or rotary actuator.
  • the displacement of the actuating member (3, 30, 300) acts by magnetic effect on one or more switches 2 sensitive to magnetic fields.
  • a switch 2 ( figure 11 ) comprises a movable element that can take two positions, one of which corresponds to the closing of an electrical circuit ( figure 12B ) and the other corresponding to the opening of this circuit ( figure 12A ).
  • the movable element consists, for example, of a miniature ferromagnetic membrane mounted on a substrate 24 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and provided with a part made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the switch 2 can be made in planar technology type MEMS (in English "Micro ElectroMechanical System") or in PCB type laminating technology ("Printed Circuit Board”) or "flex"("Flexible printed circuit board”).
  • the membrane 20 carries a movable contact 21 adapted to electrically connect two fixed contacts 25, 26 disposed on the substrate 24 when it is in a low closing position of the electrical circuit.
  • the membrane 20 of the switch 2 can be controlled by magnetic effect to pivot about an axis of rotation (R) perpendicular to the axis (A) and parallel to the main substrate 24 between a high position opening of the electrical circuit ( figure 12A ) and its low closing position of the electric circuit ( figure 12B ). It is connected to an anchor pad 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b biased in flexion. Of course, other embodiments of the switch 2 can be envisaged.
  • the switching device 10 is used as a sliding knob or position sensor using a sliding actuator.
  • the device 10 comprises a body consisting of a closed housing 40 having in particular an upper wall 41 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and a circular side wall 42 and walls surmounting the housing 40 and receiving an actuating mechanism.
  • the walls surmounting the housing 40 form a cavity with the external dimensions of the fixed permanent magnet 50, a slideway 43 defining the stroke length of the actuating member 30 and an opening 44 on the top opening on the slideway 43.
  • the mobile permanent magnet 60 and the fixed permanent magnet 50 are for example identical, of circular section, symmetrical with respect to their respective axis of revolution and arranged flat on the upper wall 41 of the housing 40. Other forms of magnet can be considered.
  • a stud protruding through the opening 44 is formed on the actuating member 30 to manipulate the actuating member 30 and slide it into the slideway 43 in the company of the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the moving permanent magnet 60 is able to move in a direction perpendicular to the main axis (A) and to the axis of rotation (R) of the membrane 20, and to take two positions, a position said to be distant from the fixed permanent magnet 50 ( Figures 1A and 2A ) and a so-called close position of the fixed permanent magnet 50 ( Figures 1B and 2B ).
  • the two permanent magnets 50, 60 have a magnetization direction parallel to the main axis (A) and therefore perpendicular to the upper wall 41 of the housing 40. Their magnetization is for example oriented in the same direction, for example inwardly of the housing 40. Given their magnetization direction, the two permanent magnets 50, 60 are in opposition by their edge. In the absence of mechanical action on the actuating member 30, the movable permanent magnet 60 is thus pushed back by the fixed permanent magnet 50 towards its remote position. The magnetic repulsion effect exerted between the two magnets 50, 60 can thus avoid the use of a particular mechanical device to return the actuating member 30 to the initial position.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and the moving permanent magnet are respectively symbolized by the vector (s) M10 and by the vector M20 on the FIGS. 1A to 4B and their respective field lines are referenced L10 and L20.
  • the actuating mechanism may comprise a magnetic retaining device composed for example of a ferromagnetic part 70 against which the moving permanent magnet 60 rests when it is in position remote from the fixed permanent magnet 50.
  • the ferromagnetic part 70 and the movable permanent magnet 60 define between them a variable air gap.
  • the magnetic attraction effect generated between the movable permanent magnet 60 and the ferromagnetic part 70 makes it possible to generate a resistance to detachment of the actuating member 30.
  • a minimum force exerted on the actuating member 30 is necessary to begin its translational movement, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect when handling.
  • a switch 2 is placed under the movable permanent magnet 60 and under the influence of the magnetic field M20 generated by the moving permanent magnet 60.
  • the moving permanent magnet 60 moves relative to the switch 2 and, depending on whether it is in a position that is remote or close to the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 of the switch 2 is located on one side or on the other side of the axis of revolution of the moving permanent magnet 60.
  • the membrane 20 When the moving permanent magnet 60 is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 is under the influence of the magnetic field M20 created by the moving permanent magnet 60, whose field lines L20, oriented towards the inside of the device 10, have a curvature inducing a magnetic component in the membrane 20.
  • the magnetic torque existing between the magnetic component created in the membrane 20 and the magnetic field M20 of the movable permanent magnet 60 then imposes on the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example an opening position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 1A ).
  • the bringing together of the moving permanent magnet 60 with respect to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the lines L10, L20 of the magnetic fields M10, M20 formed in the vicinity of the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60.
  • the curvature of the field lines L15 seen by the membrane 20 is totally reversed ( Figure 1 B) .
  • the new magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 opposes the previous one and the resulting magnetic torque forces the membrane 20 to tilt towards its other position, ie towards its closed position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 1 B) .
  • the lines L10 of the magnetic field M10 generated by the fixed permanent magnet 50, oriented towards the inside of the device 10, have a curvature creating a magnetic component in the membrane 20.
  • the magnetic torque existing between the magnetic field M10 created by the fixed permanent magnet 50 and the magnetic component generated forces the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example the opening position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 2A ).
  • the bringing together of the moving permanent magnet 60 with respect to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the field lines formed around the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60.
  • the curvature of the field lines L15 seen by the membrane 20 is reversed.
  • the new magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 opposes the previous one.
  • the new magnetic torque thus forces the diaphragm 20 to tilt towards its other position, ie the closed position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 2B ).
  • the actuating mechanism comprises two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b identical, each housed in a cavity of the body of the device 10.
  • a switch 2 is associated with each of these magnets permanent fixed positions 50a, 50b.
  • Each switch 2 is for example part of a separate electrical circuit and is housed in the housing 40, under a fixed permanent magnet 50a, 50b, shifted inwardly of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the magnet fixed permanent with which it is associated.
  • the slider 43 of the actuating mechanism is formed so that the actuating member 30 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 60 can assume three distinct positions.
  • the permanent fixed magnets 50a, 50b are located on either side of the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the movable permanent magnet 60 In an axial central position of the organ in the slideway 43, the movable permanent magnet 60 is equidistant from the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b. This median position corresponds to a position remote from each of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b. This median position of the actuating member 30 is maintained by the respective repulsion exerted on the movable permanent magnet 60 by each of the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b.
  • the actuating member 30 can take two other positions in each of which it is brought closer to one of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b to switch the corresponding switch 2.
  • This principle can be further extended to the use of several fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed circularly around the moving permanent magnet 60 ( Figure 4A ).
  • a switch 2 is placed under each of the fixed permanent magnets 50 encircling the movable permanent magnet 60, shifted inwardly of the device 10 with respect to the axis of revolution of the fixed permanent magnet 50 with which it is associated.
  • the plurality of fixed permanent magnets circularly distributed can even be replaced by a single fixed permanent magnet 51 of toric shape encircling the movable permanent magnet 60 and along which are distributed switches 2 ( Figure 4B ).
  • the actuating member 30 used is multidirectional between a central position and close positions of each of the switches 2 distributed around it under a fixed permanent magnet 50 or under a portion of the torus formed by the fixed permanent magnet 51.
  • the actuating member 30 may for example be embodied by a control lever (not shown).
  • the operating principle is identical to that described above for the second configuration.
  • the displacement of the actuating member 30 to a position close to one of the switches 2 thus allows its switching.
  • the actuating member 60 is held in a central position by the repulsion exerted on the moving permanent magnet 60 by the fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed or by the fixed permanent magnet ring 51.
  • the switching device 100 is used as a rotary knob or position detector with a rotary actuator.
  • the device according to this second embodiment comprises a housing 400 structurally identical to the housing 40 used in the device according to the first embodiment.
  • the actuating mechanism differs in that the actuating member 300 is not slippery but rotating.
  • the actuating member 300 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 600 is rotatable about an axis of rotation (R2) parallel to the main axis (A) in a recess 430 formed in the walls surmounting the casing 400.
  • FIGS. 5A to 7B the magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and the moving permanent magnet are symbolized by the vector (s) M100 and by the vector M200 and their respective field lines are referenced L100 and L200.
  • the movable permanent magnet 600 when the device comprises a single fixed permanent magnet 500 associated with a switch, the movable permanent magnet 600, by turning, can take for example two distinct angular positions, a remote position in which the distal end relative to its axis of rotation is remote from the fixed permanent magnet 500 ( Figure 5A ) and a close position in which this distal end is close to and adjacent to the fixed permanent magnet 500 ( Figure 5B ).
  • two or more fixed permanent magnets 500, 500a, 500b each associated with a switch 2 can be distributed circularly around the movable permanent magnet 600 ( Figures 6, 7A and 7B ).
  • the rotary actuator 300 is for example a multiposition selector, which can take several distinct angular positions in each of which it switches a switch 2 by angularly positioning the distal end of the movable permanent magnet 600 in front of the one of the fixed permanent magnets distributed 500, 500a, 500b or, if a fixed permanent magnet of toric form 501 is used, angularly positioning this distal end in front of one of the switches 2 distributed under the permanent fixed magnet 501 along its toroidal shape to reverse the curvature of the field lines L150 seen by the membrane 20.
  • the actuating mechanism may require a particular mechanical device for positioning the actuating member 300 rotating.
  • This mechanical device is not the subject of the present invention, it is not described.
  • a magnetic shielding device may be used. This magnetic shielding is in particular made to protect the switch or switches 2 housed in the housing 40 of any external magnetic field that could disturb their proper operation.
  • the switch (s) 2 used can be configured, according to their orientation, normally open or normally closed. This means that when the movable permanent magnet 60, 600 is in the remote position, the membrane 20 may be in the closed position or in the open position of the electrical circuit.
  • a combination of normally open and normally closed switches distributed around the actuating member 30, 300 when it is at least three positions may be considered for certain applications.
  • the housing 40 in which are housed or the switches 2 can be completely closed, the actuating mechanism being outside the housing. This allows in particular to give the device a good seal and hermeticity and not to expose the electrical switch or switches to external aggression.
  • the switching device 1 is a push-button or position detector comprising a body 4 for example cylindrical introduced into an opening formed through a wall P.
  • the actuating member 3 is mounted to move in translation following the main axis (A) in said body 4.
  • the actuating member 3 can assume a rest position ( figure 8 , left part G) and a working position ( figure 8 , right part D) in which it is embedded in the body 4.
  • the switch 2 for switching the electrical circuit is fixed on a support 11 secured to the body 10. Electrodes 12 of the electrical circuit to be switched, integral with the support 11, extend downwards of the device 1.
  • Several identical switches 2 may being arranged on the same substrate 24, for example symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A), or mounted on the support 11 so as to form a matrix or a combination of normally open and normally closed switches.
  • the movable permanent magnet 6, for example in the form of a thin disk, is mounted integral with the actuating member. 3.
  • the two permanent magnets 5, 6 are mounted symmetrically and perpendicular to the main axis (A).
  • the two permanent magnets 5, 6 are placed in opposition, that is to say that their disc faces of the same pole (N for North and S for South) are placed vis-à-vis one another (eg north-north opposition on the figure 1 ), each having a magnetization direction parallel to the main axis (A).
  • the vector M1, M2 of the magnetic field created by each of the magnets 5, 6 follows the direction of magnetization and is oriented conventionally in the South-North direction.
  • the magnetic field produced by each magnet is designated M1 or M2.
  • a retaining device makes it possible to retain the actuating member 3 in its rest position.
  • This retaining device consists for example of two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8, a first ferromagnetic part 7 being integral with the actuating member 3 and a second ferromagnetic part 8 being integral with the body 4 of the device 1. These two parts 7 , 8 define between them a variable air gap according to the position of the actuating member 3 in the body 4.
  • the first ferromagnetic part 7 integral with the actuating member 3 may be composed for example of a plate disc shape.
  • the second ferromagnetic part 8 has for example a cylindrical shape covering the lateral internal wall of the body 4 and provided with a re-entrant flange at its upper edge.
  • the magnetic shielding is produced by the body 4 and the actuating member 3 which are then manufactured in ferromagnetic materials.
  • the switch 2 is disposed between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 offset from the main axis (A) so that the magnetic fields M1, M2 of the two permanent magnets 5, 6 have influence to maintain the membrane 20 in one or other of its positions.
  • the ferromagnetic membrane When the actuating member 3 is at rest ( Figure 9A ), the ferromagnetic membrane is under the dominating influence of the magnetic field M1 created by the fixed permanent magnet 5.
  • the first magnetic field M1 created by the fixed permanent magnet 5 has lines L1 whose curvature creates a magnetic component in the membrane.
  • the magnetic torque existing between this component and the magnetic field M1 requires the membrane 20 to be in a position, for example in the high position ( Figure 9A ).
  • the return of the actuating member 3 in its rest position is achieved by virtue of the repulsive force exerted between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 in opposition as well as by the force of attraction exerted between the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 as the actuating member 3 is raised.
  • the orientation of the switch 2 with respect to the magnetic fields created by the two permanent magnets 5, 6 makes it possible to configure it "normally open” or “normally closed”. This means that when the actuating member is in its rest position, depending on its orientation with respect to the magnetic fields, the membrane 20 may be in the up position ( figure 12A ) or in the low position ( figure 12B ).
  • the movable permanent magnet 6 and the first ferromagnetic part 7 consist of one and the same permanent magnet, for example in the form of a disc.
  • the radial symmetry of the permanent magnets 7, 8 allows a circular distribution of several switches 2 in the same device.
  • the switches can therefore be actuated by the same actuating member 3.
  • the retaining device may be replaced or supplemented by a preloaded elastic structure forming a blistering effect during the depression of the actuating member.
  • the elastic structure undergoes a sudden transformation rapidly causing the actuating member at the end of the stroke when a determined force is exerted on the actuating member.
  • the force felt by the user decreases sharply.
  • the abrupt transformation gives the user a particular tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of a minimum force to switch the electrical circuit.
  • the elastic structure can act as a spring to bring the actuating member to its rest position and the role of waterproof membrane.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Vorrichtung (1, 10) zum Umschalten eines Stromkreises, die einen Körper (4, 40) und ein Betätigungsorgan (3, 30) enthält, das im Körper (4, 40) zwischen mindestens zwei Stellungen beweglich ist und durch Magnetwirkung auf ein bewegliches Element mindestens eines elektrischen Schalters (2) einwirken kann, um den Stromkreis zwischen zwei Stellungen umzuschalten, einer Öffnungsstellung des Stromkreises und einer Schließstellung des Stromkreises, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - das bewegliche Element eine schwenkbare Membran (20) ist, die auf die Krümmung der Feldlinien eines Magnetfelds anspricht,
    - die Vorrichtung mindestens zwei gegeneinander angeordnete Permanentmagnete aufweist, um zwischen ihnen eine magnetische Abstoßwirkung zu erzeugen, wobei die zwei Permanentmagnete mindestens einen festen Permanentmagneten (5, 50) und einen beweglichen Permanentmagneten (6, 60) enthalten, der fest mit dem Betätigungsorgan (3, 30) verbunden ist, wobei der bewegliche Permanentmagnet eine entfernte oder eine angenäherte Stellung bezüglich des festen Permanentmagnets einnehmen kann,
    - in der entfernten Stellung des beweglichen Permanentmagnets (3, 30) bezüglich des festen Permanentmagnets (5, 50) das bewegliche Element durch den maßgeblichen Einfluss des vom festen Permanentmagneten erzeugten Magnetfelds in einer seiner zwei Stellungen gehalten wird,
    - die Stellungsänderung des beweglichen Permanentmagnets von seiner entfernten Stellung zu seiner angenäherten Stellung eine Krümmungsänderung der magnetischen Feldlinien nach sich zieht, die von den Permanentmagneten (5, 50, 6, 60) in der Nähe des beweglichen Elements (20) erzeugt wird, was den Übergang des beweglichen Elements in die andere seiner zwei Stellungen und die Umschaltung des Stromkreises bewirkt.
  2. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) zwischen mindestens zwei Stellungen in einer Hauptebene parallel zu einem Substrat (24) translationsbeweglich ist, auf das das bewegliche Element montiert ist.
  3. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Permanentmagnet (50) und der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) Magnetisierungen (M10, M20) einer Richtung lotrecht zur Hauptebene und in der gleichen Richtung ausgerichtet haben, wobei die zwei Magnete über ihre Kante gegeneinander angeordnet sind.
  4. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere Schalter (2) aufweist, und dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) mehrere unterschiedliche Stellungen einnehmen kann, um in jeder dieser Stellungen einen oder mehrere der Schalter (2) umzuschalten.
  5. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Permanentmagnet (51) eine Ringform aufweist und den beweglichen Permanentmagneten (60) umkreist, wobei die Schalter (2) kreisförmig entlang der Ringform des festen Permanentmagnets (51) verteilt sind, und dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) zwischen einer zentralen Ausgleichsstellung und jedem der Schalter (2) angenäherten Stellungen multidirektional ist, um jeden von ihnen umschalten zu können.
  6. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Schalter einem festen Permanentmagneten (50, 50a, 50b) zugeordnet ist, wobei die festen Permanentmagnete um den beweglichen Permanentmagneten (60) herum verteilt sind, und dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) eine Mittelstellung bezüglich der festen Permanentmagnete (50, 50a, 50b) und eine an jeden der festen Permanentmagnete (50, 50a, 50b) angenäherte Stellung einnehmen kann, um den ihnen zugeordneten Schalter (2) umzuschalten.
  7. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen Permanentmagnete (50) kreisförmig um den beweglichen Permanentmagneten (60) herum verteilt sind, und dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) zwischen einer zentralen Ausgleichsstellung bezüglich der verteilten festen Permanentmagnete (50) und an jeden der festen Permanentmagnete (50) angenäherten Stellungen multidirektional ist, um den ihnen zugeordneten Schalter (2) umzuschalten.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungsorgan (30) ein Steuerhebel oder eine Richtungstaste ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine magnetische Rückhaltevorrichtung (70) enthält, die eine minimale auf das Betätigungsorgan (30) auszuübende Kraft erfordert, um seine Bewegung einzuleiten.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückhaltevorrichtung ein auf den Körper (40) der Vorrichtung montiertes ferromagnetisches Bauteil (70) aufweist, gegen das sich der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (60) anlegt, wenn das Betätigungsorgan (30) in einer seiner Stellungen ist.
  11. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (6) und der feste Permanentmagnet (5) übereinander angeordnet sind, und dass der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (6) zwischen zwei Stellungen gemäß einer Hauptachse (A) lotrecht zu einem Substrat (24) translationsbeweglich ist, auf das das bewegliche Element montiert ist.
  12. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Permanentmagnet (5) und der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (6) Magnetisierungen einer Richtung parallel zur Hauptachse (A) und in entgegengesetzte Richtungen ausgerichtet aufweisen.
  13. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 11 oder 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element zwischen den zwei Permanentmagneten (5, 6) angeordnet ist.
  14. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Permanentmagnet (5) und der bewegliche Permanentmagnet (6) in der Vorrichtung (1) symmetrisch bezüglich der Hauptachse (A) angeordnet sind, und dass das bewegliche Element (20) bezüglich der Hauptachse (A) versetzt ist.
  15. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere Schalter (2) aufweist, die bezüglich der Hauptachse (A) versetzt sind.
  16. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalter (2) bezüglich der Hauptachse (A) symmetrisch angeordnet sind.
  17. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungsorgan (3) eine elastische Struktur mit abrupter Umwandlung aufweist.
  18. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine magnetische Rückhaltevorrichtung des Betätigungsorgans (3) aufweist, die eine minimale auf das Betätigungsorgan (3) auszuübende Kraft erfordert, um seine Bewegung einzuleiten.
  19. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückhaltevorrichtung zwei ferromagnetische Bauteile (7, 8) aufweist, die zusammenwirken, wenn das Betätigungsorgan (3) in einer seiner Stellungen ist, wobei ein erstes Bauteil (7) auf das Betätigungsorgan (3) und ein zweites Bauteil (8) auf den Körper (4) der Vorrichtung (1) montiert ist.
  20. Vorrichtung (1, 10, 100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schwenkbare Membran (20) auf ein Substrat (24) montiert ist und an einem ihrer Enden einen elektrischen Kontakt (21) trägt, der die elektrische Verbindung zwischen zwei festen Kontakten (41, 42) aufbaut, die auf dem Substrat (24) angeordnet sind, wenn die Membran (20) in der Schließstellung des Stromkreises ist.
  21. Vorrichtung (1, 10, 100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine magnetische Abschirmvorrichtung (7, 8,9) aufweist.
EP06763534A 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Einrichtung zum umschalten eines elektrischen schaltkreises unter verwendung von mindestens zwei permanentmagneten Not-in-force EP1925008B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0551506A FR2886758B1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 Dispositif de commutation d'un circuit electrique utilisant deux aimants en opposition
FR0553178A FR2892226B1 (fr) 2005-10-19 2005-10-19 Dispositif de commutation d'un circuit electrique utilisant au moins deux aimants permanents
PCT/EP2006/062936 WO2006131520A1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Dispositif de commutation d'un circuit electrique utilisant au moins deux aimants permanents

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EP1925008A1 EP1925008A1 (de) 2008-05-28
EP1925008B1 true EP1925008B1 (de) 2010-01-20

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EP (1) EP1925008B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE456149T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006011918D1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2006131520A1 (de)

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WO2006131520A1 (fr) 2006-12-14
ATE456149T1 (de) 2010-02-15
DE602006011918D1 (de) 2010-03-11
EP1925008A1 (de) 2008-05-28

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