EP1923100B1 - Appareil de respiration avec lecture à distance d'une forte pression dans la source - Google Patents

Appareil de respiration avec lecture à distance d'une forte pression dans la source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1923100B1
EP1923100B1 EP07022177A EP07022177A EP1923100B1 EP 1923100 B1 EP1923100 B1 EP 1923100B1 EP 07022177 A EP07022177 A EP 07022177A EP 07022177 A EP07022177 A EP 07022177A EP 1923100 B1 EP1923100 B1 EP 1923100B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
medium pressure
reducer
source
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07022177A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1923100A1 (fr
Inventor
Riccardo Spasciani
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SPASCIANI SpA
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SPASCIANI SpA
SPASCIANI SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an innovative breathing apparatus with a remote reading device for reading the high pressure in the source.
  • the general object of the present invention is to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks by providing an innovative breathing apparatus that provides the operator with the remote measurement of the pressure of the cylinder without the need for high-pressure pipes or additional connections.
  • a breathing apparatus comprising a source of high-pressure air that supplies a breathing device through pressure reducers and is provided with a device indicating the pressure of the source, characterised in that at the outlet of the source it comprises a first pressure reducer, the first pressure reducer being non compensated, near the source and that it provides at the outlet medium pressure that is a preset linear function of the high inlet pressure, and a second pressure reducer, the second pressure reducer being compensated, near the breathing device and which is connected through a pipe to the outlet of the first pressure reducer to receive therefrom the medium pressure, reduce the medium pressure to breathing pressure and send the breathing pressure to the breathing device, the device indicating the pressure of the source being connected between the first and second pressure reducer to detect the medium pressure and provide, on the basis thereof and said preset linear function, an indirect measurement of the high pressure of the source.
  • figure 1 there is shown schematically a breathing apparatus (generally indicated by 10) made according to the principles of the present invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a source 11 of high-pressure air, in general a cylinder or group of cylinders, that supplies a first pressure reducer 12 from which a flexible pipe 13 exits that feeds the medium-pressure air to a breathing device 14 (for example, a mask or other suitable dispensing device) provided with a known second pressure reducer for reducing pressure from medium pressure to breathing pressure.
  • a breathing device 14 for example, a mask or other suitable dispensing device
  • the breathing device and this second pressure reducer (generally indicated by 15 in figure 1 ) are substantially known and easily imaginable by those skilled in the art in the light of the explanations that follow. They are not therefore shown here or disclosed in greater detail.
  • the pipe 13 between the pressurised air source and the warning unit may be of any necessary length, for example, also a hundred metres or more.
  • the warning unit is nevertheless sufficiently near the dispensing device as to be able to be consulted by the person who uses the dispensing device.
  • pressure reducers are compensated, i.e. they have a device that enables outlet medium pressure (MP) to be kept constant regardless of the inlet high pressure (HP). Constant medium pressure is deemed to be necessary to maintain the breathing resistance to the mask constant during the entire period of use.
  • the first pressure reducer 12 for reducing from high pressure to medium pressure is not provided with compensation and is made so that, in the absence of the compensator medium pressure is a function of the inlet high pressure.
  • Each outlet medium pressure from the first pressure reducer 12 is matched by inlet high pressure to the first pressure reducer.
  • the outlet pressure it has been found to be advantageous for the outlet pressure to be intended to increase progressively as the high pressure decreases in the cylinder.
  • the medium pressure trend is linear with the high pressure variation.
  • the medium pressure variation interval can be advantageously established so as to be able to trigger a minimum pressure alarm in the cylinder.
  • medium pressure may be desired for medium pressure to have a value of 5.5 bar at 300 bar high pressure when the valve of the cylinder opens and, for example, 8 bar when there is residual pressure of 55 bar in the cylinder (with consequent activation of an exhaustion alarm).
  • the second pressure reducer 15 (provided with compensation) will be sized, according to the prior art, to absorb the medium pressure variations so that these variations do not interfere with comfortable breathing.
  • a compensation system is already in use even on the dispenser to avoid variations in resistance when the outlet pressure from the reducer varies suddenly so as to trigger an alarm system.
  • the apparatus comprising at the outlet of the high pressure 11 source a first non-compensated pressure reducer 12 to have reduced outlet medium pressure that is a preset function of the inlet high pressure and a second compensated pressure reducer 15 that is connected to receive the medium pressure from the first pressure reducer, reduce the medium pressure to breathing pressure and send the breathing pressure to the dispensing device.
  • the pressure indicator 16 indicating the pressure of the source is connected between the first and second pressure reducer to detect the medium pressure and to calculate therefrom the high pressure of the source, applying to the detection the opposite of the preset function.
  • the variations in medium pressure are thus used for indirect measurement of the high pressure.
  • the preset function that links high and medium pressure to be an inverse linear function.
  • the device 16 may advantageously comprise acoustic alarm means 38 that are triggered when the medium pressure reaches a value that corresponds to a high pressure value below a preset level.
  • FIG. 2 An example of an embodiment of the first pressure reducer 12 is shown in figure 2 .
  • the air flows into the first pressure reducer through a reduced port 18 formed by a shutter 19 on which an adjusting piston 20 acts that is pushed open by a suitable spring 21, and on the other side is pushed closed by the pressure downstream of the shutter so as to provide the desired reduction of pressure from high to medium pressure, with the desired inverse linear proportionality law.
  • valve 22 provided with a slideable piston 23 that is pushed by a spring 24 to close an outlet orifice 25.
  • the seal between piston 23 and orifice 25 is only partial as the bottom of the piston has passage holes 26 of small diameter.
  • warning unit 16 comprises a pressure indicator made with a known electronic gauge 17 provided with a pressure transducer 30.
  • the warning unit is connected to the pipe 13 by means of a tee junction 31.
  • a single-acting valve 32 that opens in the direction of the gauge.
  • the object of the valve is to eliminate disturbance fluctuations from the reading. In fact, during breathing the pressure in the conduit 13 fluctuates because the removal of air by the reducer is fairly consistent. This fluctuation would cause imprecise readings on the gauge.
  • the single-acting valve 32 enables only maximum pressures to be reported, preventing air from escaping during the intake step, i.e. when air is removed therefrom. In this manner pressure oscillations due to breathing are cancelled. It is also possible to introduce a further electronic correction into the gauge to make the influence of MP oscillation during breathing insignificant.
  • the pressure variations detected by the gauge will then be, correctly, increasing MP values corresponding to decreasing HP values.
  • Appropriate setting of the gauge scale (so as to apply to the display the inverse function to the function applied by the first pressure reducer) enables the high pressure value of the source to be shown directly.
  • the use of a linear function is of assistance therein.
  • the device 16 comprises a dump valve 39 connected between the gauge and check valve and discharged by the drop in inlet pressure of the check valve.
  • the dump valve comprises a piston 33 that closes the passage 35 under the thrust of the pressure upstream of the check valve and against the action of a suitable discharge spring 34.
  • the piston 33 is kept in the closed position by the pressure in the conduit 13 that overcomes the force of the suitably sized spring 34.
  • the acoustic alarm means is made by the digital gauge, which may be provided with an acoustic emitter 38 programmed for emitting an alarm sound when the pressure in the cylinder falls below a preset value.
  • the acoustic emitter may also emit a signal for a few instants at the start of using the cylinder to indicate that the system is functioning.
  • the management software in addition to activating an acoustic alarm system, can give information regarding the residual air reserve, work time that is still available, etc.
  • a known acoustic air device 38b can also be placed (for example a whistle) operating with the air flowing out of the discharge hole.
  • the device 38b will emit a useful acoustic signal at the moment of opening of the cylinder, which will indicate proper operation of the system and also when the residual air will be discharged at the end of the use of the self-contained breathing apparatus.
  • FIG 4 an alternative embodiment of the warning unit is shown, indicated in the figure by 116.
  • similar parts to those of the preceding embodiment will be indicated by the same numeration increased by 100.
  • warning unit 11.6 provided with a gauge 117.
  • the unit is connected to the pipe 13 by means of a tee junction 131.
  • a single-acting valve 132 that opens in the direction of the gauge and has the object of eliminating reading disturbance fluctuations, as already described for unit 16.
  • the gauge 117 is of mechanical type for the sake of simplicity, with the scale of the dial suitably designed to indicate directly the pressure in the cylinder, rather than the actual pressure in the conduit 13.
  • figure 4 is shown an example of a conversion scale for converting between detected medium pressure and the corresponding high pressure.
  • the dump valve advantageously comprises a piston 133 that, with suitable circumferential seals, forms a sliding switch that is pushed to the right by a spring 134 and to the left by the pressure in the conduit 13.
  • the sliding switch is reached by an outlet 135 coming from the side downstream of the single-acting valve 132 and a discharge hole 136 leads away that is connected to a known air acoustic device 138 operating with the air jet exiting the discharge hole and which constitutes the acoustic alarm means.
  • the warning device 138 performs the dual function of discharging the residual pressure and acting as an exhaustion warning.
  • pressure in the conduit 13 is zero the piston 133 is pushed by the spring 134 so that the outlet 135 is connected to the discharge hole 136, as shown in figure 4 .
  • the outlet 135 is connected to the discharge hole 136, as shown in figure 4 . In this way, at the start of use of the cylinder and when the residual air is discharged a signal is obtained that indicates that the system is operating correctly.
  • the thrust of the spring is chosen so that when the pressure in the cylinder is comprised between maximum pressure (for example, 300 bar) and the pressure at which the alarm has to intervene (for example 55 bar), the corresponding pressure in the conduit 13 takes the piston to an intermediate position, as shown in figure 5 , so that the outlet 135 is isolated from the discharge hole 136 and the warning device 138 remains mute.
  • FIG 7 there is shown a third embodiment of a warning unit according to the invention.
  • parts that are similar to those of the embodiment in figure 3 will be indicated by the same numbering increased by 200.
  • warning unit 216 provided with a gauge 217.
  • the unit is connected to the pipe 13 by means of a tee junction 231.
  • a single-acting valve 232 that opens in the direction of the gauge and eliminates the disturbance fluctuations of the reading.
  • the gauge is mechanical, with a scale that is suitably designed to provide directly the desired reading of the pressure in the cylinder.
  • the two dump valves comprise pistons, respectively 233a and 233b, that constitute two sliding switches.
  • the two pistons are pushed upwards by the pressure in the conduit 13 and in the opposite direction by respective springs 234a and 234b.
  • Each sliding switch is joined by an outlet 235a, 235b coming from the side downstream of the single-acting valve 232 and a discharge hole 236a, 236b leads away that is connected to a known air acoustic device 238.
  • the position of the circumferential seals on the two pistons and the size of the springs are such as to provide the piston 233a with the function of final discharge and to alert to proper initial function and to provide the piston 233b with the function of exhausted air reserve alarm.
  • the system is in the position shown in figure 7 , with both the pistons retracted because they are held in position by the respective springs.
  • the piston 233a enables the air to pass through (activating the acoustic alarm that indicates in this case the good operation of the system) until the pressure in the piping reaches the preset normal operation value with a full cylinder (approximately 5.5 bar).
  • the piston 233b on the other hand prevents the passage of air.
  • the gauge may be selected from those of electronic or mechanical type.
  • the mechanical gauge has the example of being able to be applied with simplicity by suitably drawing the scale on the dial, the law of proportion chosen between high and medium pressure and the lack of need for an electric power supply.
  • the electronic gauge has the advantage of greater operational flexibility, it being possible to program many additional functions therein.
  • the air acoustic device may be connected to the pressurised air only in the former case, separating (as easily imaginable by those skilled in the art) the simple discharge outlet from the one that goes to the warning device.
  • a pressure reducer can also be devised with a direct function, i.e. with a decrease in inlet pressure that is matched by a corresponding decrease in outlet pressure.
  • the indicating device will thus be made (as easily imaginable by those skilled in the art) to provide the correct indirect measurement of high pressure and possible alarm warnings at preset values of said pressure.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Appareil respiratoire comprenant une source d'air à haute pression qui alimente un dispositif respiratoire (14) à travers des réducteurs de pression et équipé d'un dispositif (16) indiquant la pression de la source, caractérisé en ce que, à la sortie de la source, il comprend un premier réducteur de pression (12), le premier réducteur de pression (12) n'étant pas compensé, près de la source et qui fournit une moyenne pression de sortie qui est une fonction linéaire prédéterminée de la haute pression d'entrée, et un deuxième réducteur de pression (15), le deuxième réducteur de pression (15) étant compensé, près du dispositif respiratoire (14) et qui est connecté par l'intermédiaire d'un tube (13) à la sortie du premier réducteur de pression (12) pour recevoir la moyenne pression provenant de celui-ci, en réduisant la moyenne pression à la pression respiratoire et en transmettant la pression respiratoire au dispositif respiratoire (14), le dispositif (16) indiquant la pression de la source étant connecté entre les premier et deuxième réducteurs de pression pour détecter la moyenne pression et fournir, sur la base de celle-ci et de ladite fonction linéaire prédéterminée, une mesure indirecte de la haute pression de la source.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite fonction linéaire prédéterminée de moyenne pression est inversement linéaire par rapport à la haute pression.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif indicateur comprend des moyens d'avertissement par alarme acoustique (38, 138, 238) qui sont sensibles à la moyenne pression entrant dans le dispositif qui doit être déclenché quand la moyenne pression atteint une valeur qui correspond à une valeur basse prédéterminée de haute pression.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'avertissement par alarme acoustique comprennent un piston (133, 233b) qui est poussé contre l'action d'un ressort (134, 234b) par la moyenne pression entrant dans le dispositif indicateur pour se déplacer, lorsqu'une valeur de moyenne pression prédéterminée correspondant à une valeur basse prédéterminée de la haute pression est atteinte, vers une position de connexion d'un dispositif d'avertissement acoustique commandé par air (138, 238), de manière à activer ledit dispositif d'avertissement acoustique.
  5. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'indication de pression comprend un manomètre (17, 117, 217) avec conversion d'échelle entre moyenne pression détectée et haute pression correspondante et est connecté à la moyenne pression par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de retenue (32, 132, 232).
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'entre le manomètre (17, 117, 217) et la soupape de retenue (32, 132, 232) est connectée une soupape de décharge (39, 139, 239a) qui est déchargée par la chute de pression en amont de la soupape de retenue (32, 132, 232).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à la sortie de la soupape de décharge (39, 139, 239a) est connecté un dispositif d'avertissement acoustique commandé par l'air sortant de l'orifice de décharge.
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la soupape de décharge comprend un piston (33, 133, 233a) fermant l'orifice de décharge, lequel est poussé vers la position de décharge ouverte au moyen d'un ressort (34, 134, 234a) et vers la position fermée opposée par l'intermédiaire de la moyenne pression entrant dans le dispositif indicateur.
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la soupape de décharge comprend un piston obturateur (133), qui est poussé contre l'action d'un ressort (134) par la moyenne pression entrant dans le dispositif d'avertissement pour atteindre, avec une première valeur de moyenne pression prédéterminée, une première position de décharge et, avec une deuxième valeur de moyenne pression prédéterminée, une deuxième position de décharge, alors que, avec des valeurs de moyenne pression comprises entre les première et deuxième valeurs, l'orifice de décharge reste fermé ; dans au moins la deuxième position de décharge, la décharge étant transmise à un dispositif d'avertissement acoustique à air (138) de manière à activer le dispositif d'avertissement acoustique, la moyenne pression entre les première et deuxième valeurs de pression étant prédéterminée pour l'utilisation normale de l'appareil et dépassant la deuxième valeur de pression correspondant à l'atteinte d'une valeur basse prédéterminée de la haute pression.
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif indicateur de pression comprend un manomètre électronique (17) équipé d'un dispositif d'avertissement acoustique (38) programmé pour émettre un avertissement d'alarme acoustique quand la pression moyenne détectée atteint une valeur qui correspond à une valeur basse prédéterminée de la haute pression.
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier réducteur de pression (12) est monté directement sur la source et le deuxième réducteur de pression (15) est monté directement sur le dispositif respiratoire (14).
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier réducteur de pression (12) comprend un obturateur (19) fermant le passage d'air provenant de la source, lequel obturateur est poussé en fermeture, contre l'action d'un ressort (21), par la pression en aval de l'obturateur (19) qui agit sur un piston de réglage (20) connecté à l'obturateur, de manière à fournir une réduction de la pression quittant le premier réducteur de pression (12) avec ladite fonction linéaire inverse, une soupape (22) étant prédisposée après l'obturateur (19), laquelle est munie d'un piston coulissant (23) qui est poussé par un deuxième ressort (24) pour fermer partiellement un orifice de sortie (25) du premier réducteur de pression (12) durant une transition d'ouverture de l'air provenant de la source, de manière à empêcher une surpression momentanée au niveau de la sortie du premier réducteur de pression (12).
EP07022177A 2006-11-20 2007-11-15 Appareil de respiration avec lecture à distance d'une forte pression dans la source Not-in-force EP1923100B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT002216A ITMI20062216A1 (it) 2006-11-20 2006-11-20 Apparecchio di respirazione con lettura remota dell'alta pressione nella sorgente

Publications (2)

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EP1923100A1 EP1923100A1 (fr) 2008-05-21
EP1923100B1 true EP1923100B1 (fr) 2011-07-27

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EP07022177A Not-in-force EP1923100B1 (fr) 2006-11-20 2007-11-15 Appareil de respiration avec lecture à distance d'une forte pression dans la source

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EP (1) EP1923100B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE517664T1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20062216A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021019348A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Alarme de basse pression pour appareil respiratoire autonome

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719160A (en) * 1971-03-01 1973-03-06 Under Sea Industries Audio reserve alarm mechanism for self-contained breathing apparatus
NO310645B1 (no) * 1999-12-10 2001-08-06 Sigurd Andersen Temperaturvarsler i röykdykkerutstyr

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021019348A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Alarme de basse pression pour appareil respiratoire autonome

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Publication number Publication date
EP1923100A1 (fr) 2008-05-21
ITMI20062216A1 (it) 2008-05-21
ATE517664T1 (de) 2011-08-15

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