EP1922901B1 - Circuit, shrink fixing and regulation method - Google Patents
Circuit, shrink fixing and regulation method Download PDFInfo
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- EP1922901B1 EP1922901B1 EP06777095.8A EP06777095A EP1922901B1 EP 1922901 B1 EP1922901 B1 EP 1922901B1 EP 06777095 A EP06777095 A EP 06777095A EP 1922901 B1 EP1922901 B1 EP 1922901B1
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- circuit
- induction coil
- voltage
- coil
- inverter
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005417 remagnetization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/14—Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
Definitions
- This application relates to a circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools, comprising a rectifier having an input for supplying an input power and having a rectifier output, an inverter for outputting an AC voltage having an input and an inverter output for connecting the induction coil, an intermediate circuit for connecting the rectifier to the inverter, and a control unit for controlling power supply to the induction coil, power supply unit for supplying electric power to an induction coil.
- the application relates to a shrink fitting for tools comprising an induction coil for heating the shrinkage attachment by generating eddy currents and / or by generating Ummagnethnes 1968, and a method for controlling the power supply to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools comprising a control step.
- the tool In lathes, milling machines, drills and the like, the tool is received in a Malawifutteral. For precise and defined machining of a workpiece, it is necessary to position the tool precisely in the case.
- the use of shrink chucks or shrink fittings has proven itself for the positioning and fixing of tools in the sheath.
- the sheath is first heated. Due to the thermal expansion of the inclusion of the shrink attachment, the tool can be inserted into the receiving opening and fixed there by subsequent cooling in the case. The positioning can be done in this way simple, accurate and reliable.
- An induction coil can be used to heat the shrink sleeve. This coil is supplied with an AC voltage. However, it must be ensured that the maximum load limit of the induction coil and the power electronics is not exceeded. This can be the power supplied to most power supply units be preset. However, it goes without saying that such adjustment options are relatively inaccurate and in particular a relatively large distance to the maximum load limit of the induction coil and the power electronics must be maintained.
- An improved power supply unit as used in the Fig. 1 is shown comprises a rectifier 3 with inputs 3a, 3b and 3c. At the output of the rectifier a Gleichwoodszweitünik 4 is connected. An inverter 5 converts the DC voltage into AC voltage to operate an induction coil 2.
- input voltage is usually a rotational voltage with a predetermined voltage, for example from 360V to 500 V, used. Since the voltages of the power supplied vary from country to country, the power supply unit must be specially equipped depending on the location of use, for example with transformers or with differently designed components.
- measuring devices for measuring the voltage V1 and the current A1 are arranged on the DC voltage side. These measurements are used as inputs to a control unit (not shown) to control the power supplied to the coil 2.
- the determination of the apparent power from the values measured in the intermediate circuit is relatively simple in terms of measurement since variations of the voltage and of the current over time are not very pronounced. In particular, no significant voltage and current peaks occur.
- a device for inductive heating of a chuck which provides as input to the control unit, a measuring device which may be connected at different points of the supply circuit and preferably measures the current in the primary circuit of a transformer at the AC output.
- the transformer On the secondary side, the transformer is connected to the inductor coil or the corresponding resonant circuit.
- the device provides a control device for controlling the supply circuit and a filter. Due to the wiring at the AC voltage output, the measured apparent power only corresponds approximately to the apparent power actually supplied to the induction coil in this device as well.
- the DE 101 29 645 B4 discloses a method for welding plastic parts, wherein a contour wire is inductively heated at the weld by a coil. Also, this device provides a current measurement for power limitation, in which case, however, a tool and not a tool holder is heated.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the regulation of the power supply to an induction coil, in particular for heating a shrink fitting for tools, and to eliminate the disadvantages associated therewith.
- the inventive circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools comprising a rectifier having an input for feeding an input power and a rectifier output an inverter for outputting an AC voltage having an input and an inverter output for connecting the induction coil, a DC link for connecting the rectifier to the inverter, and a control unit for regulating the power supply to the induction coil.
- the circuit has a measuring device for measuring a current as an input variable for the control unit, wherein the measuring device is connected to the output side of the inverter.
- the current measured at the inverter output is thus measured on the coil side with respect to the inverter.
- the current measured in the power supply from the inverter to the coil can be used to directly deduce the power supplied to the coil at the time of measurement. In other words, the current current flowing through the coil is directly measured.
- the input variable for the control thus corresponds to the actual controlled variable.
- a particular advantage of this arrangement is that no "smoothed" values are measured as in the prior art in connection with the shrinking technique, but the current, actual size to be controlled. As a result, the measured power and the control are more accurate in the present invention.
- the performance of the modules used in the circuit can be fully exploited without the risk of overloading the coil and power electronics.
- the limits of the load of the components can be gone.
- the components can be optimally dimensioned and utilized within their load capacity.
- larger components had to be used to protect against overloading, as already described above.
- the overload protection is optimized by the considerably increased accuracy of the measurement of the actual values. Because the load currently applied to the coil determines exactly can be, the load on the coil and the power electronics and thus the effectiveness of the heating can be increased. Due to this increase in the coil load, a significantly higher load, for example at least 30% to 50%, can be applied to the coil, in comparison with the prior art, without any delay in the control or by incorrect determination of the actual power a critical range is reached.
- the intermediate circuit comprises a capacitance which smoothes the voltage in the intermediate circuit and reduces current peaks.
- the inverter is designed in particular for generating an alternating voltage with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, in particular 10 kHz, at the inverter output.
- the frequency is fixed and can be optimized depending on the application and the requirements.
- the control unit regulates the power supply to the induction coil connected to the inverter output as a function of the input variable, in particular by varying a pulse width of the AC voltage generated by the inverter.
- Shorter pulse widths mean lower power at constant frequency and voltage.
- the power supply is independent of the input voltage to the rectifier inputs, since only the pulse widths are regulated and compensated for by these voltage fluctuations.
- not only voltage fluctuations in the network are compensated. Rather, the design ensures that different input voltages, according to international standards (for example, 400 V for Europe, 480 V for the United States) can be used. It is not necessary, as in the prior art to use more transformers to achieve an adaptation to the circumstances. Fluctuations or differences in the input and / or intermediate voltage are corrected automatically. This leads to greater flexibility and a universality of the circuit, without the cost of the overall circuit increases significantly.
- the circuit can be operated, in particular, with a voltage which is variable in a predetermined voltage range, in particular between 360 V and 500 V.
- the preferred voltage range includes the default values currently in force in major industrialized countries.
- the circuit with one-phase or multi-phase AC voltage is operable.
- the object is also achieved by providing a shrink-fit fastener for tools, comprising an induction coil for heating the shrinkage attachment by generating eddy currents and / or by generating magnetizing heat, and one of the circuits described above.
- the circuit according to the invention has proven particularly suitable for shrink fasteners for tools.
- a particularly accurate supply of heat to the shrink attachment is desirable to allow a quick and accurate fitting of the tools in the shrink fit.
- a destruction of the induction coil and the power electronics in spite of reaching the limit load of the components supplied power by exceeding the maximum load limit and overheating of the tool holder (by the accuracy of the adjustability of the heating time) to be prevented.
- the object is also achieved by a method for regulating the power supply to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools, comprising a control step in which the current supplied to the induction coil is used as input for controlling the power supply to the induction coil ,
- control step in which the power is determined by measuring the output current value, a timely and accurate control is achieved.
- the load on the coil can be significantly increased by the increased accuracy without the risk of exceeding a critical load limit.
- the power supplied to the induction coil can be determined using the impedance of the coil and the current measured by a measuring device. On the other hand, an additional measurement of the voltage can be dispensed with.
- the method preferably provides that the size of the shrink-fit fastening for tools, in particular the size of a shrink-fit chuck, is automatically determined by means of the measured current.
- the parameters for various shrink fasteners for tools no longer have to be set manually, but can be stored, for example in the machine control.
- the input voltage is measured to automatically determine the size of the shrink fit for tools.
- the input voltage is preferably determined by a voltage measurement in front of the rectifier or in the intermediate circuit or in the coil circuit.
- the measurement of the size of the shrink fit for tools is also possible with a change in the input voltage caused by the shrinking process. Overheating of the shrink fitting for tools due to a wrong selection of its size can therefore be avoided.
- the induction coil is preferably an alternating voltage with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency of about 5 kHz to 20 kHz supplied.
- the regulation of the power supply to the induction coil is carried out in a particular embodiment by varying a pulse width of the AC voltage.
- the power supplied to the coil can thus be kept reliably constant even with a change in the input variables, the physical properties of the components or external influences.
- the method can be used for various industry standards corresponding voltage values, for example for 360 V, 400 V or 500 V.
- the method is performed on a circuit as described above.
- a circuit 1 according to the invention for controlling the electrical power supply to an induction coil 2 is shown.
- the circuit is implemented on a circuit board and thus represents a control board for the power supply to the coil 2.
- the induction coil 2 is used in particular for heating a shrink fit for tools.
- the induction coil 2 generates during the heating process, an alternating electromagnetic field to which the shrink fitting is coupled.
- Heat is generated by the eddy currents generated in the shrink-fit fastening and / or by magnetic reversal in a shrink-fit fastening made of ferromagnetic material, so that a tool holder expands so that the tool can be inserted.
- the induction coil 2 During the heating process, it is desirable for the induction coil 2 to be as constant as possible and, under consideration of the maximum load capacity of the components, to be supplied with maximum power. In any case, it must first be avoided that the maximum load limit of the induction coil 2 and the power electronics is exceeded, on the other hand, the coil 2 as high power to be supplied in order to carry out the heating effectively and to avoid overheating of the tool holder.
- the circuit comprises a rectifier 3 with input contacts 3a, 3b and 3c, via which an input voltage, for example a three-phase current, is fed.
- An intermediate circuit 4 connected to the output of the rectifier 3 essentially comprises a capacitance 7 which is charged or discharged by the coil 2, depending on the direction of flow of the current.
- An inverter 5 whose input is connected to the intermediate circuit 4, generates a modulated, substantially rectangular AC voltage with a frequency of about 5 kHz to 20 kHz.
- the frequency is adjustable and can be specified by the user.
- the direct current fed by the rectifier 3 into the intermediate circuit 4 is fed via the output of the intermediate circuit 4 into the input of the inverter 5.
- the AC voltage generated by the inverter 5 is applied to the output terminals 5a and 5b of the inverter 5.
- the coil 2 is connected to these terminals 5a and 5b.
- the coil 2 is connected. Further, in this area, an ammeter 6 is arranged, which measures the current flowing through the coil current.
- any suitable current measuring device 6 can be used. In the current measurement according to the present invention, however, it should be noted that, in contrast to the current / voltage measurement in the intermediate circuit 4, cf. Fig. 2 - Significantly higher currents occur. In the tip, for example, up to 400 amps compared to 25 amps in the intermediate circuit 4 incurred, so that in the inventive solution in the measuring range appropriately sized components, such as converter modules, must be used.
- the measured or determined from the measured values actual values of the current or the power are received by a control unit (not shown) as WhatsgröOe.
- the control can be based, for example, on the basis of an actual setpoint comparison of a desired power set for the coil 2 and a voltage derived from the measured current Actual performance will be performed. After the actual target comparison with a predetermined size, the power supply from the converter 5 to the coil 2 is readjusted if necessary.
- the control unit may be connected to the circuit 1 or integrated into the circuit 1.
- the regulation becomes more accurate and more effective, since in the measurement of the input variables in the intermediate circuit 4, the currents occurring in the coil 2 as a consequence of the impedance of the coil 2 are only approximated.
- the control unit regulates the supplied power in the exemplary embodiment on the basis of a variation of the pulse width of the output signal of the inverter 5.
- a larger pulse width at the same voltage means a higher power input.
- the control unit always regulates so that voltage fluctuations that reach the converter input are compensated.
- the output power at the converter is also independent of the magnitude of the input voltage at the rectifier 3 within a certain voltage range, which in the best case includes all standard international voltages. In this way, the circuit can be used without modifications within international standards.
- the assembly can be operated with components whose performance can be almost fully utilized.
- the risk of overloading the coil 2 is reduced by the timely and accurate control.
- no significant deviations between real occurring power peaks and, for example, measured in the intermediate circuit 4 performances, can be expected. Due to this increase in coil loading can, in comparison to State of the art, a significantly higher load applied to the coil and overheating of the tool holder can be avoided.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Description
Diese Anmeldung betrifft eine Schaltung zur Steuerung der Zufuhr elektrischer Leistung an eine Induktionsspule, insbesondere an eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, umfassend einen Gleichrichter mit einem Eingang zur Einspeisung einer Eingangsleistung und mit einem Gleichrichterausgang, einen Wechselrichter zur Ausgabe einer Wechselspannung mit einem Eingang und einem Wechselrichterausgang zum Anschluss der Induktionsspule, einen Zwischenkreis zur Verbindung des Gleichrichters mit dem Wechselrichter, und eine Regeleinheit zur Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an die Induktionsspule, Leistungszufuhreinheit zur Zufuhr elektrischer Leistung an eine Induktionsspule. Ferner bezieht sich die Anmeldung auf eine Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge umfassend eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen der Schrumpfbefestigung durch Erzeugung von Wirbelströmen und/oder durch Erzeugung von Ummagnetisierungswärme, und ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an eine Induktionsspule, insbesondere an eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, umfassend einen Regelungsschritt.This application relates to a circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools, comprising a rectifier having an input for supplying an input power and having a rectifier output, an inverter for outputting an AC voltage having an input and an inverter output for connecting the induction coil, an intermediate circuit for connecting the rectifier to the inverter, and a control unit for controlling power supply to the induction coil, power supply unit for supplying electric power to an induction coil. Furthermore, the application relates to a shrink fitting for tools comprising an induction coil for heating the shrinkage attachment by generating eddy currents and / or by generating Ummagnetisierungswärme, and a method for controlling the power supply to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools comprising a control step.
Bei Drehmaschinen, Fräsmaschinen, Bohrmaschinen und dergleichen ist das Werkzeug in einem Werkzeugfutteral aufgenommen. Für eine präzise und definierte Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks ist es notwendig, das Werkzeug im Futteral exakt zu positionieren. Die Verwendung von Schrumpffutteralen bzw. Schrumpfbefestigungen hat sich für die Positionierung und Fixierung von Werkzeugen im Futteral bewährt. Zum Einsatz des Werkzeugs wird das Futteral zunächst erwärmt. Aufgrund der thermischen Ausdehnung der Aufnahme der Schrumpfbefestigung kann das Werkzeug in die Aufnahmeöffnung eingeschoben und dort durch anschließendes Abkühlen im Futteral fixiert werden. Die Positionierung kann auf diese Weise einfach, exakt und zuverlässig vorgenommen werden.In lathes, milling machines, drills and the like, the tool is received in a Werkzeugfutteral. For precise and defined machining of a workpiece, it is necessary to position the tool precisely in the case. The use of shrink chucks or shrink fittings has proven itself for the positioning and fixing of tools in the sheath. To use the tool, the sheath is first heated. Due to the thermal expansion of the inclusion of the shrink attachment, the tool can be inserted into the receiving opening and fixed there by subsequent cooling in the case. The positioning can be done in this way simple, accurate and reliable.
Zur Erwärmung des Schrumpffutterals kann eine Induktionsspule verwendet werden. Diese Spule wird mit einer Wechselspannung versorgt. Jedoch ist darauf zu achten, dass die Maximalbelastbarkeitsgrenze der Induktionsspule und der Leistungselektronik nicht überschritten wird. Dazu kann die zuzuführende Leistung bei den meisten Leistungszufuhreinheiten voreingestellt werden. Es versteht sich jedoch von selbst, dass derartige Einstellmöglichkeiten relativ ungenau sind und insbesondere ein relativ großer Abstand zur Maximalbelastbarkeitsgrenze der Induktionsspule und der Leistungselektronik eingehalten werden muss.An induction coil can be used to heat the shrink sleeve. This coil is supplied with an AC voltage. However, it must be ensured that the maximum load limit of the induction coil and the power electronics is not exceeded. This can be the power supplied to most power supply units be preset. However, it goes without saying that such adjustment options are relatively inaccurate and in particular a relatively large distance to the maximum load limit of the induction coil and the power electronics must be maintained.
Eine verbesserte Leistungszufuhreinheit, wie sie in der
Wie aus der
Mit dieser Art von Regelung kann aber nicht zuverlässig verhindert werden, dass die maximale Belastbarkeitsgrenze der Induktionsspule überschritten wird, insbesondere bei Spannungsschwankungen im Netz und bei Leistungsschwankungen in der Spule durch Aufheizen der Spule. Insbesondere hat sich auch gezeigt, dass die auf der Gleichspannungsseite gemessene Schein- Leistung nur annähernd der der Induktionsspule tatsächlich zugeführten Leistung entspricht. Dadurch besteht auch die Notwendigkeit, Module, die den Messeinrichtungen zur Messung der Regelgrößen nachgeschaltet sind, überzudimensionieren. Dies bedeutet, dass die Module als Vorsichtsmaßnahme vor Überlastung durch Stromspitzen in der Regel weit unterhalb ihrer maximalen Belastungsgrenze betrieben werden.With this type of control can not be reliably prevented that the maximum load limit of the induction coil is exceeded, especially in the case of voltage fluctuations in the network and power fluctuations in the coil by heating the coil. In particular, it has also been shown that on the DC side measured apparent power corresponds only approximately to the induction coil actually supplied power. As a result, there is also the need to over-dimension modules that are connected downstream of the measuring devices for measuring the controlled variables. This means that the modules, as a precautionary measure against overload by current peaks, are generally operated far below their maximum load limit.
Aus der
Die
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, die Genauigkeit der Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an eine Induktionsspule insbesondere zum Erwärmen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, zu verbessern und die damit verbundenen Nachteile auszuräumen.Based on this prior art, the object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the regulation of the power supply to an induction coil, in particular for heating a shrink fitting for tools, and to eliminate the disadvantages associated therewith.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Bereitstellung einer Schaltung nach Anspruch 1, eine Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge nach Anspruch 7 und ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an eine Induktionsspule nach Anspruch 8.This object is achieved by the provision of a circuit according to claim 1, a shrink fitting for tools according to
Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung zur Steuerung der Zufuhr elektrischer Leistung an eine Induktionsspule, insbesondere an eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, umfasst einen Gleichrichter mit einem Eingang zur Einspeisung einer Eingangsleistung und mit einem Gleichrichterausgang einen Wechselrichter zur Ausgabe einer Wechselspannung mit einem Eingang und einem Wechselrichterausgang zum Anschluss der Induktionsspule , einen Zwischenkreis zur Verbindung des Gleichrichters mir dem Wechselrichter, und eine Regeleinheit zur Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an die Induktionsspule. Die Schaltung weist eine Messvorrichtung zur Messung eines Stromes als Eingangsgröße für die Regeleinheit auf, wobei die Messvorrichtung an der Ausgangsseite des Wechselrichters angeschlossen ist.The inventive circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools, comprising a rectifier having an input for feeding an input power and a rectifier output an inverter for outputting an AC voltage having an input and an inverter output for connecting the induction coil, a DC link for connecting the rectifier to the inverter, and a control unit for regulating the power supply to the induction coil. The circuit has a measuring device for measuring a current as an input variable for the control unit, wherein the measuring device is connected to the output side of the inverter.
Der am Wechselrichterausgang gemessene Strom wird also spulenseitig hinsichtlich des Wechselrichters gemessen. Aus dem in der Stromzuführung vom Wechselrichter zur Spule gemessenen Strom kann unmittelbar auf die der Spule zum Messzeitpunkt zugeführten Leistungen zurückgeschlossen werden. Mit anderen Worten wird direkt der aktuell durch die Spule fließende Strom gemessen. Die Eingangsgröße für die Regelung entspricht damit der tatsächlichen Regelgröße.The current measured at the inverter output is thus measured on the coil side with respect to the inverter. The current measured in the power supply from the inverter to the coil can be used to directly deduce the power supplied to the coil at the time of measurement. In other words, the current current flowing through the coil is directly measured. The input variable for the control thus corresponds to the actual controlled variable.
Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, dass keine "geglätteten" Werte wie im Stand der Technik im Zusammenhang mit der Schrumpftechnik gemessen werden, sondern die aktuelle, tatsächliche zu regelnde Größe. Dadurch ist die gemessene Leistung und die Regelung in der vorliegenden Erfindung exakter.A particular advantage of this arrangement is that no "smoothed" values are measured as in the prior art in connection with the shrinking technique, but the current, actual size to be controlled. As a result, the measured power and the control are more accurate in the present invention.
Infolgedessen kann die Leistungsfähigkeit der in der Schaltung eingesetzten Module voll ausgenützt werden, ohne das Risiko einer Überlastung der Spule und der Leistungselektronik in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. In der vorliegenden Erfindung kann also an die Grenzen der Belastung der Bauteile (beispielsweise des IGBT - Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) gegangen werden. In anderen Worten können die Bauteile optimal dimensioniert und im Rahmen ihrer Belastbarkeit ausgenützt werden. Bei herkömmlichen Schaltungen mussten dagegen teilweise größere Bauteile zum Schutz vor Überlastung verwendet werden, wie bereits oben beschrieben. Der Überlastschutz wird durch die wesentlich erhöhte Genauigkeit der Messung der Ist- werte optimiert. Da die aktuell an der Spule anliegende Last genau bestimmt werden kann, kann die Belastung an der Spule und der Leistungselektronik und somit die Effektivität der Beheizung erhöht werden. Aufgrund dieser Erhöhung der Spulenbelastung kann, im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik, eine deutlich höhere Last, beispielsweise mindestens 30 % bis 50 % , an die Spule angelegt werden, ohne dass durch Verzögerungen bei der Regelung oder durch Falschbestimmung der Ist- Leistung ein kritischer Bereich erreicht wird.As a result, the performance of the modules used in the circuit can be fully exploited without the risk of overloading the coil and power electronics. In the present invention, therefore, the limits of the load of the components (for example, the IGBT - Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) can be gone. In other words, the components can be optimally dimensioned and utilized within their load capacity. In contrast, in conventional circuits, in some cases larger components had to be used to protect against overloading, as already described above. The overload protection is optimized by the considerably increased accuracy of the measurement of the actual values. Because the load currently applied to the coil determines exactly can be, the load on the coil and the power electronics and thus the effectiveness of the heating can be increased. Due to this increase in the coil load, a significantly higher load, for example at least 30% to 50%, can be applied to the coil, in comparison with the prior art, without any delay in the control or by incorrect determination of the actual power a critical range is reached.
Bevorzugt umfasst der Zwischenkreis eine Kapazität, die die Spannung im Zwischenkreis glättet und Stromspitzen reduziert.Preferably, the intermediate circuit comprises a capacitance which smoothes the voltage in the intermediate circuit and reduces current peaks.
Der Wechselrichter ist insbesondere zur Erzeugung einer Wechselspannung mit vorgegebener Frequenz, insbesondere mit einer Frequenz von 5 kHz bis 20kHz, insbesondere 10kHz, am Wechselrichterausgang ausgebildet. Die Frequenz ist fest voreinstellbar und wird je nach Einsatzzweck und den Anforderungen optimiert.The inverter is designed in particular for generating an alternating voltage with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, in particular 10 kHz, at the inverter output. The frequency is fixed and can be optimized depending on the application and the requirements.
Die Regeleinheit regelt die Leistungszufuhr an die an den Wechselrichterausgang angeschlossene Induktionsspule in Abhängigkeit von der Eingangsgröße, insbesondere durch Variation einer Impulsbreite der durch den Wechselrichter erzeugten Wechselspannung.The control unit regulates the power supply to the induction coil connected to the inverter output as a function of the input variable, in particular by varying a pulse width of the AC voltage generated by the inverter.
Kürzere Impulsbreiten bedeuten bei konstant eingestellter Frequenz und Spannung geringere Leistungen. Über diese Art der Steuerung ist die Leistungszufuhr unabhängig von der Eingangsspannung an den Gleichrichtereingängen, da lediglich die Impulsbreiten geregelt und über diese Spannungsschwankungen ausgeglichen werden. So werden jedoch nicht nur Spannungsschwankungen im Netz ausgeglichen. Vielmehr sorgt die Ausführung dafür, dass verschiedene Eingangsspannungen, je nach internationalem Standard (beispielsweise 400 V für Europa, 480 V für USA) eingesetzt werden können. Es ist nicht nötig, wie im Stand der Technik weitere Transformatoren einzusetzen um eine Anpassung an die Gegebenheiten zu erreichen. Schwankungen bzw. Unterschiede in der Eingangs- und/oder Zwischenspannung werden automatisch ausgeregelt. Dies führt zu einer größeren Flexibilität und zu einer Universalität der Schaltung, ohne dass der Aufwand der Gesamtschaltung erheblich ansteigt.Shorter pulse widths mean lower power at constant frequency and voltage. Through this type of control, the power supply is independent of the input voltage to the rectifier inputs, since only the pulse widths are regulated and compensated for by these voltage fluctuations. However, not only voltage fluctuations in the network are compensated. Rather, the design ensures that different input voltages, according to international standards (for example, 400 V for Europe, 480 V for the United States) can be used. It is not necessary, as in the prior art to use more transformers to achieve an adaptation to the circumstances. Fluctuations or differences in the input and / or intermediate voltage are corrected automatically. This leads to greater flexibility and a universality of the circuit, without the cost of the overall circuit increases significantly.
Die Schaltung ist insbesondere mit einer in einem vorgegebenen Spannungsbereich variablen Spannung, insbesondere zwischen 360 V und 500 V, betreibbar. Der bevorzugte Spannungsbereich umfasst die in den wichtigsten Industrieländern momentan geltenden Standardwerte.The circuit can be operated, in particular, with a voltage which is variable in a predetermined voltage range, in particular between 360 V and 500 V. The preferred voltage range includes the default values currently in force in major industrialized countries.
Insbesondere ist die Schaltung mit Ein- Phasen- oder Mehr- Phasen- Wechselspannung betreibbar.In particular, the circuit with one-phase or multi-phase AC voltage is operable.
Die Aufgabe wird auch gelöst durch die Bereitstellung einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, umfassend eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen der Schrumpfbefestigung durch Erzeugung von Wirbelströmen und/oder durch Erzeugung von Magnetisierungswärme, und eine der oben beschriebenen Schaltungen.The object is also achieved by providing a shrink-fit fastener for tools, comprising an induction coil for heating the shrinkage attachment by generating eddy currents and / or by generating magnetizing heat, and one of the circuits described above.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung hat sich für Schrumpfbefestigungen für Werkzeuge als besonders geeignet erwiesen. In diesem Anwendungsbereich ist eine besonders exakte Zuführung von Wärme an die Schrumpfbefestigung erwünscht, um ein rasches und exaktes Einpassen der Werkzeuge in die Schrumpfbefestigung zu ermöglichen. Außerdem soll eine Zerstörung der Induktionsspule und der Leistungselektronik trotz einer an die Grenzlast der Bauteile heranreichenden zugeführten Leistung durch ein Überschreiten der Maximalbelastbarkeitsgrenze sowie ein Überhitzen der Werkzeugaufnahme (durch die Genauigkeit der Einstellbarkeit der Erhitzungsdauer) verhindert werden.The circuit according to the invention has proven particularly suitable for shrink fasteners for tools. In this application, a particularly accurate supply of heat to the shrink attachment is desirable to allow a quick and accurate fitting of the tools in the shrink fit. In addition, a destruction of the induction coil and the power electronics in spite of reaching the limit load of the components supplied power by exceeding the maximum load limit and overheating of the tool holder (by the accuracy of the adjustability of the heating time) to be prevented.
Die Aufgabe wird zudem gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an eine Induktionsspule, insbesondere an eine Induktionsspule zum Beheizen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, umfassend einen Regelungsschritt, bei dem als Eingangsgröße für die Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an die Induktionsspule der der Induktionsspule zugeführte Strom verwendet wird.The object is also achieved by a method for regulating the power supply to an induction coil, in particular to an induction coil for heating a shrink fitting for tools, comprising a control step in which the current supplied to the induction coil is used as input for controlling the power supply to the induction coil ,
Durch den Regelungsschritt, bei dem die Leistung durch eine Messung des Ausgangsstromwerts bestimmt wird, wird eine zeitnahe und exakte Steuerung bzw. Regelung erreicht. Die Belastung der Spule kann durch die erhöhte Genauigkeit ohne das Risiko, eine kritische Belastungsgrenze zu überschreiten, wesentlich gesteigert werden.By the control step, in which the power is determined by measuring the output current value, a timely and accurate control is achieved. The load on the coil can be significantly increased by the increased accuracy without the risk of exceeding a critical load limit.
Die der Induktionsspule zugeführte Leistung kann unter Verwendung der Impedanz der Spule und des durch eine Messvorrichtung gemessenen Stromes bestimmt werden. Auf eine zusätzliche Messung der Spannung kann dagegen verzichtet werden.The power supplied to the induction coil can be determined using the impedance of the coil and the current measured by a measuring device. On the other hand, an additional measurement of the voltage can be dispensed with.
Bevorzugt sieht das Verfahren vor, dass mittels des gemessenen Stromes die Baugröße der Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge, insbesondere die Baugröße eines Schrumpffutters, automatisch bestimmt wird. Dadurch müssen die Parameter für verschiedene Schrumpfbefestigungen für Werkzeuge nicht mehr manuell eingestellt werden, sondern können hinterlegt sein, beispielsweise in der Maschinensteuerung.The method preferably provides that the size of the shrink-fit fastening for tools, in particular the size of a shrink-fit chuck, is automatically determined by means of the measured current. As a result, the parameters for various shrink fasteners for tools no longer have to be set manually, but can be stored, for example in the machine control.
Vorzugsweise wird zur automatischen Bestimmung der Baugröße der Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge die Eingangsspannung gemessen. Bevorzugt wird die Eingangsspannung durch eine Spannungsmessung vor dem Gleichrichter oder im Zwischenkreis oder im Spulenkreis ermittelt. Dadurch ist auch bei einer durch den Schrumpfvorgang hervorgerufenen Änderung der Eingangsspannung die Messung der Baugröße der Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge möglich. Eine Überhitzung der Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge aufgrund einer falschen Auswahl seiner Baugröße kann daher vermieden werden.Preferably, the input voltage is measured to automatically determine the size of the shrink fit for tools. The input voltage is preferably determined by a voltage measurement in front of the rectifier or in the intermediate circuit or in the coil circuit. As a result, the measurement of the size of the shrink fit for tools is also possible with a change in the input voltage caused by the shrinking process. Overheating of the shrink fitting for tools due to a wrong selection of its size can therefore be avoided.
Der Induktionsspule wird bevorzugt eine Wechselspannung mit vorgegebener Frequenz, insbesondere mit einer Frequenz von ca. 5 kHz bis 20 kHz, zugeführt.The induction coil is preferably an alternating voltage with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency of about 5 kHz to 20 kHz supplied.
Die Regelung der Leistungszufuhr an die Induktionsspule wird in einer besonderen Ausführungsform durch Variation einer Impulsbreite der Wechselspannung durchgeführt. Die der Spule zugeführte Leistung kann somit auch bei einer Veränderung der Eingangsgrößen, der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Komponenten oder bei äußeren Einflüssen verlässlich konstant gehalten werden. Außerdem ist das Verfahren für unterschiedlichen Industriestandards entsprechende Spannungswerte verwendbar, beispielsweise für 360 V, 400 V oder 500 V.The regulation of the power supply to the induction coil is carried out in a particular embodiment by varying a pulse width of the AC voltage. The power supplied to the coil can thus be kept reliably constant even with a change in the input variables, the physical properties of the components or external influences. In addition, the method can be used for various industry standards corresponding voltage values, for example for 360 V, 400 V or 500 V.
Insbesondere wird das Verfahren an einer Schaltung wie oben beschrieben durchgeführt.In particular, the method is performed on a circuit as described above.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine spezielle Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung; und
- Fig. 2
- eine entsprechende Schaltung gemäß dem Stand der Technik
- Fig. 1
- a special embodiment of the circuit according to the invention; and
- Fig. 2
- a corresponding circuit according to the prior art
In der
Die Induktionsspule 2 dient insbesondere zum Beheizen einer Schrumpfbefestigung für Werkzeuge. Die Induktionsspule 2 erzeugt während des Erwärmungsvorgangs ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld, an das die Schrumpfbefestigung angekoppelt ist. Durch die in der Schrumpfbefestigung erzeugten Wirbelströme und/oder durch Ummagnetisierung bei einer aus ferromagnetischem Material bestehenden Schrumpfbefestigung wird Wärme erzeugt, so dass sich eine Werkzeugaufnahme derart ausdehnt, dass das Werkzeug eingeführt werden kann.The
Beim Heizvorgang ist erwünscht, der Induktionsspule 2 eine möglichst konstante und, unter Berücksichtigung der Maximalbelastbarkeit der Komponenten, maximale Leistung zuzuführen. Jedenfalls muss zum einen vermieden werden, dass die Maximalbelastbarkeitsgrenze der Induktionsspule 2 und der Leistungselektronik überschritten wird, andererseits soll der Spule 2 eine möglichst hohe Leistung zugeführt werden, um den Aufheizvorgang effektiv durchzuführen und ein Überhitzen der Werkzeugaufnahme zu vermeiden.During the heating process, it is desirable for the
Neben der Spule umfasst die Schaltung einen Gleichrichter 3 mit Eingangskontakten 3a, 3b und 3c, über die eine Eingangsspannung, beispielsweise ein Drehstrom, eingespeist wird.In addition to the coil, the circuit comprises a
Ein am Ausgang des Gleichrichters 3 angeschlossener Zwischenkreis 4 umfasst im Wesentlichen eine Kapazität 7, die je nach der Dürchflussrichtung des Stroms durch die Spule 2 be- bzw. entladen wird.An
Ein Wechselrichter 5, dessen Eingang mit dem Zwischenkreis 4 verbunden ist, erzeugt eine modulierte, im Wesentlichen rechteckförmige Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von ca. 5 kHz bis 20 kHz. Die Frequenz ist einstellbar und kann vom Benutzer vorgegeben werden. Der vom Gleichrichter 3 in den Zwischenkreis 4 eingespeiste Gleichstrom wird über den Ausgang des Zwischenkreises 4 in den Eingang des Wechselrichters 5 eingespeist.An
Die vom Wechselrichter 5 erzeugte Wechselspannung liegt an den Ausgangsanschlüssen 5a und 5b des Wechselrichters 5 an. Die Spule 2 ist an diese Anschlüsse 5a und 5b angeschlossen.The AC voltage generated by the
Zwischen den Anschlüssen 5a und 5b ist die Spule 2 angeschlossenen. Ferner ist in diesem Bereich ein Strommessgerät 6 angeordnet, das den aktuell durch die Spule fließenden Strom misst. Zur Messung des Stromes A2 kann jede geeignete Strommessvorrichtung 6 verwendet werden. Bei der Strommessung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jedoch zu beachten, dass - im Gegensatz zur Strom-/Spannungsmessung im Zwischenkreis 4, vgl.
Andererseits kann auf eine zusätzliche Spannungsmessung verzichtet werden, da die Leistung aus dem Strom und der Impedanz des Systems bestimmt werden kann.On the other hand, can be dispensed with an additional voltage measurement, since the power from the current and the impedance of the system can be determined.
Die gemessenen bzw. aus den Messwerten bestimmten Ist- Werte des Stroms bzw. der Leistung werden von einer Regeleinheit ( nicht dargestellt) als EingangsgröOe empfangen. Die Regelung kann beispielsweise auf Basis eines Ist- Soll- Vergleichs einer für die Spule 2 bestimmten, eingestellten Soll- Leistung mit einer aus dem gemessenen Strom abgeleiteten Ist- Leistung durchgeführt werden. Nach dem Ist- Soll- Vergleich mit einer vorgegebenen Größe wird die Leistungszufuhr vom Wandler 5 an die Spule 2 bei Bedarf nachgeregelt.The measured or determined from the measured values actual values of the current or the power are received by a control unit (not shown) as EingangsgröOe. The control can be based, for example, on the basis of an actual setpoint comparison of a desired power set for the
Die Regeleinheit kann an die Schaltung 1 angeschlossen oder in die Schaltung 1 integriert sein.The control unit may be connected to the circuit 1 or integrated into the circuit 1.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung 1 wird die Regelung genauer und wirkungsvoller, da bei der Messung der Eingangsgrößen im Zwischenkreis 4 die in Folge der Impedanz der Spule 2 auftretenden Ströme in der Spule 2 nur annähernd berücksichtigt werden.By means of the circuit 1 according to the invention, the regulation becomes more accurate and more effective, since in the measurement of the input variables in the
Die Regeleinheit regelt die zugeführte Leistung im Ausführungsbeispiel an Hand einer Variation der Impulsbreite des Ausgangssignals des Wechselrichters 5 nach. Eine größere Impulsbreite bei gleicher Spannung bedeutet eine höhere zugeführte Leistung. Die Regeleinheit regelt stets so nach, dass Spannungsschwankungen, die den Wandlereingang erreichen, ausgeregelt werden. Somit ist auch die Ausgangsleistung am Wandler von der Höhe der Eingangsspannung am Gleichrichter 3 innerhalb eines Bestimmten Spannungsbereiches, der im besten Fall sämtliche internationale Standardspannungen umfasst, unabhängig. Auf diese Weise ist die Schaltung ohne Modifikationen innerhalb der internationalen Standards einsetzbar.The control unit regulates the supplied power in the exemplary embodiment on the basis of a variation of the pulse width of the output signal of the
Auf diese Weise wird die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Schaltung, vgl.
Bei einer höheren Genauigkeit der Regelung kann jedoch die Baueinheit mit Komponenten betrieben werden, deren Leistungsfähigkeit nahezu voll ausgenützt werden kann. Das Risiko einer Überlastung der Spule 2 wird durch die zeitnahe und genaue Regelung verringert. Außerdem müssen, insbesondere durch die Berücksichtigung der Phasenverschiebung zwischen Spannung und Strom, keine signifikanten Abweichungen zwischen real auftretenden Leistungsspitzen und den, beispielsweise im Zwischenkreis 4 gemessenen Leistungen, erwartet werden. Aufgrund dieser Erhöhung der Spulenbelastung kann, im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik, eine deutlich höhere Last an die Spule angelegt sowie ein Überhitzen der Werkzeugaufnahme vermieden werden.With a higher accuracy of the control, however, the assembly can be operated with components whose performance can be almost fully utilized. The risk of overloading the
Claims (15)
- A circuit (1) for controlling electric power supplied to an induction coil (2), in particular an induction coil (2) for heating a shrink attachment for tools, comprising a rectifier (3) with an input (3a, 3b, 3c) for feeding an input power and a rectifier output, an inverter (5) for putting out AC voltage, including an input and an inverter output (5a, b) for connecting the induction coil (2), an intermediary circuit (4) for connecting the rectifier (3) with the inverter (5), and a control unit for regulating the power supply to the induction coil (2), wherein the circuit (1) includes a measuring device (6) for measuring a current (A2) as an input variable for the regulation unit, wherein the measuring device (6) is connected to the output side of the inverter (5), wherein the current (A2) supplied to the induction coil (2) is used as an input variable for the regulation of the power supplied to the induction coil (2).
- The circuit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the intermediary circuit (4) includes a capacity (7).
- The circuit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inverter (5) is configured for generating an alternating voltage with a predetermined frequency, in particular a frequency of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, in particular 10 kHz, at the inverter output (5a, b).
- The circuit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the regulation unit regulates the power supply to the induction coil (2) connected to the inverter output (5a, b) as a function of the input variable by varying an impulse width of the AC voltage generated by the inverter.
- The circuit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the circuit (1) is operable with a voltage that is variable in a predetermined voltage range, in particular between 360 V and 500 V.
- The circuit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the circuit is operable with single phase alternating power, in particular in a voltage range between 210 V and 250 V, or multi-phase alternating power, in particular in a voltage range between 360 V and 500 V.
- The shrink attachment for tools, including an induction coil (2) for heating the shrink attachment by generating eddy currents and/or by generating remagnetization heat and a circuit according to one of the preceding claims.
- A method for controlling the power supply to an induction coil (2), in particular to an induction coil (2) for heating a shrink attachment for tools including a circuit according to one of the claims 1 through 6, the method comprising a regulation step in which the current (A2) provided to the induction coil (2) is used as an input variable for controlling the power supplied to the regulation coil (2).
- The method according to claim 8, wherein the power supplied to the induction coil is determined using the impedance of the coil (2) and the current (A2) measured by a measuring device (6).
- The method according to one of the claims 8 or 9, wherein a size of the shrink attachment for tools is automatically determined as a function of the measured current (A2).
- The method according to one of the claims 8 through 10, wherein an input voltage is measured for automatically determining an installed size of the shrink attachment for tools.
- The method according to one of the claims 8 through 11, wherein the input voltage is determined by a voltage measurement in front of the rectifier or in the intermediary circuit or in the coil circuit.
- The method according to one of the claims 8 through 12, wherein the induction coil (2) is provided with an alternating voltage with predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency of 5 kHz to 20 kHz, in particular 10 kHz.
- The method according to claim 13, wherein the regulation of the power supplied to the induction coil (2) is provided by varying an impulse width of the alternating voltage.
- The method according to one of the claims 8 through 13, wherein the method is performed on a circuit according to one of the claims 1 through 6.
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DE102005042615A DE102005042615A1 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2005-09-07 | Circuit, shrink fitting and method of regulation |
PCT/EP2006/008413 WO2007028523A1 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2006-08-28 | Circuit, shrink fixing and regulation method |
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CN107919739B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 太原理工大学 | Transmission power frequency selection method of wireless electric energy transmission system |
IT201900019756A1 (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-04-24 | Nuova Simat S R L | CONTROL METHOD FOR INDUCTION HEATING MACHINE AND RELATED MACHINE |
DE102022103166A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-10 | E. Zoller GmbH & Co. KG Einstell- und Messgeräte | Induction heating apparatus, shrink fit apparatus and method |
DE102022122629A1 (en) | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-07 | Franz Haimer Maschinenbau Kg | Device for heat treatment |
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US8102682B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
DE102005042615A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
JP2009507464A (en) | 2009-02-19 |
JP5232648B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
CN101273665A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
CN111818685A (en) | 2020-10-23 |
RU2406275C2 (en) | 2010-12-10 |
ES2421588T3 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
EP1922901A1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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