EP1920638B1 - Verbesserungen an beleuchtungssystemen - Google Patents

Verbesserungen an beleuchtungssystemen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1920638B1
EP1920638B1 EP06779279A EP06779279A EP1920638B1 EP 1920638 B1 EP1920638 B1 EP 1920638B1 EP 06779279 A EP06779279 A EP 06779279A EP 06779279 A EP06779279 A EP 06779279A EP 1920638 B1 EP1920638 B1 EP 1920638B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
output
signal
duration
solid state
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EP06779279A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1920638A2 (de
Inventor
David Thomas Summerland
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Holdip Ltd
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Holdip Ltd
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Priority claimed from GBGB0517959.3A external-priority patent/GB0517959D0/en
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Publication of EP1920638A2 publication Critical patent/EP1920638A2/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/31—Phase-control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lighting systems and lighting controllers, and in particular though not exclusively to improvements to dimmer controllers and power adaptors for solid state lighting units and fixtures.
  • Solid state lighting units such as those using light emitting diodes (LEDs)
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • Solid state lighting units have become popular in domestic use for providing so-called 'mood' lighting as described in the UK patent applications GB2416251 published on 18.01.06 and GB2417377 published on 22.06.06 .
  • RGB - red, green and blue three different colours of light emitting diodes
  • Existing power adaptors can control the light intensity output and/or a colour characteristic of a solid state lighting unit by producing driving signals for the LEDs using conventional pulse width modulation, such that linear changes in the duty cycle (or on-duration) of the input power signal give rise to corresponding linear changes in the amount of power made available to the LEDs via the power adaptor.
  • driving signals for the LEDs using conventional pulse width modulation, such that linear changes in the duty cycle (or on-duration) of the input power signal give rise to corresponding linear changes in the amount of power made available to the LEDs via the power adaptor.
  • LEDs are linear over a relatively large portion of their light output efficiency curves, such that doubling the amount of power to them doubles their light output, up to the region where the onset of non-linearity begins
  • Patent applications US2004/085030A1 and US-A-5783909 show lighting systems in which colour and brightness of LED sources may be varied or controlled.
  • the new generation of LEDs (such as Indium Gallium Nitride wafers) have greater power handling capabilities and improved light output efficiencies over the equivalent properties of their predecessors.
  • a significant drawback of driving the new generation LEDs at higher input power is that their corresponding light output efficiencies rapidly decrease with increasing power.
  • a greater amount of input power is typically required in order to drive the LEDs. This therefore gives rise to a poor and inefficient return of power, which for a domestic user can be economically disadvantageous and potentially wasteful for the environment generally.
  • It is a further object of the present invention is to provide a power adaptor for a solid state lighting fixture that can drive the light emitters over an optimum range of their light output efficiency curves, so as to optimise the light output efficiency of the lighting fixture.
  • Lighting systems having both incandescent and solid state lighting units are able to provide possible cost savings and environmental benefits, when used 'intelligently' by a home owner. This usually involves physically turning off the incandescent lighting units when lighting is no longer required in the illumination environment (e.g. front room, bathroom and bedroom etc). However, not all home owners may wish to expend the effort of turning the incandescent lighting units off when leaving the illumination environment, or else may simply forget to do so. Therefore, it is possible that lighting may be left on unnecessarily for considerable periods (e.g. overnight), which may lead to unexpected additional cost for the homeowner.
  • a dimmer controller that includes a motion sensor which monitors activity within the illumination environment, such that if no activity is detected within a predetermined period of time, the dimmer controller will set the power level of the output power signal to a standby power level, to thereby reduce power consumption of the associated lighting system.
  • the present invention provides a power adaptor for a solid state lighting unit, comprising:
  • the present invention provides a lighting system, comprising:
  • a power adaptor for a solid state lighting fixture of a type having an array of light emitters each having a characteristic light output efficiency curve comprising:
  • a solid state lighting fixture comprising:
  • a dimmer controller for a lighting system comprising:
  • the lighting system 1 includes both incandescent lighting units 4, 5 and a solid state lighting unit 30.
  • a dimmer controller 20 provides for connection of the incandescent lighting units 4, 5 to a mains supply L, N.
  • lighting unit 4 is a mains voltage incandescent lighting unit
  • lighting unit 5 is a low voltage halogen lighting unit comprising transformer 5a and at least one low voltage bulb 5b.
  • the solid state lighting unit 30 is of a type as described in the patent application GB2417377 , comprising three coloured emitters 30a, 30b, 30c in a colour array, one each of red, green and blue LEDs.
  • the power supply for the lighting system 1 need not be a mains power supply, and instead any other suitable supply may be used, in particular, the supply could be 12VDC (as typically used on a boat and in camping vehicles), whereby L would be +12V and N 0V.
  • the power supply lines L, N could be taken from an existing AC low voltage transformer (not shown), of a kind used with low voltage halogen or similar lighting, which typically provide 12VAC.
  • a power adaptor 10 which connects to the mains supply L, N via the dimmer controller 20.
  • the power adaptor 10 supplies electrical power to, and controls the output of, the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • the power adaptor 10 and solid state lighting unit 30 may be enclosed within a common housing of a type as described in the patent application GB2417377 .
  • the two different lighting types - incandescent lighting units 4, 5 and solid state lighting unit 30 - have significantly different electrical characteristics.
  • the first type of lighting units have higher power requirements and are controllable in intensity by reducing the mains power that can be drawn by the lighting unit, conventionally by control of the voltage duty cycle of the mains supply. Preferably, this is done with phase-controlled variation in the voltage using a triac and/or thyristor dimming circuit.
  • solid state lighting units have low power requirements and the intensity of individual solid state devices, .such as the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c, in a colour array is generally controlled by pulse width modulation of a constant low voltage supply.
  • the intensity of different colour LEDs within the array may be independently controlled in order to effect a change in the colour characteristic output of the lighting system, or may be jointly controlled to effect a change in intensity only.
  • the power adaptor 10 actively monitors the amount of available power at the input of the adaptor via a controller 11.
  • the input is connected to the mains supply L, N via the dimmer controller 20, which is used to produce a phase-controlled variation in the output of the mains supply L, N.
  • This may be achieved by controllably 'chopping' the sinusoidally varying waveform, using conventional techniques, so as to alter the mains supply duty cycle.
  • the upshot of this is to make available a phase controlled input power signal of varying on-duration at the input of the power adaptor 10.
  • references to "on-duration” are to be taken as meaning the duration of the chopped component of the phase controlled power signal from the dimmer control 20. Hence, it is to be appreciated that variations in on-duration will give rise to corresponding variations in the power available at the input of the adaptor 10.
  • a power monitoring circuit 12 in the controller 11 either directly measures the available input power or monitors the.variations in the output of the mains supply (e.g. by timing a triac firing) or both, to determine the on-duration and corresponding power level.
  • the output of the monitoring circuit 12 is preferably an isolated analogue signal in the range of 0-5 volts, which may be calibrated such that substantially 0 V corresponds to a short (or zero) duty cycle and substantially 5 V corresponds to a high duty cycle, e.g. 100 % of mains voltage duty cycle, respectively.
  • the output of the power monitoring circuit 12 may be a digital signal which is encoded as a function of the on-duration of the input power signal.
  • the output could be a reduced amplitude representation of the input, as passed through a reducing transformer.
  • the analogue signal is converted into a digital input signal, using conventional means (not shown), and is supplied to a processor 13 in the controller 11.
  • the processor 13 is programmed to output a control signal which is based on the power available, or on the on-duration of the input power signal, at the input of the adaptor 10.
  • the control signal provides instructions to an output power module 14, within the controller 11, to effect a change in the colour characteristic output of the solid state lighting unit 30, or to effect a change in intensity, or both.
  • the power output module 14 preferably provides at least two, and most preferably three, pulsed output driving signals 16a, 16b, 16c for control of the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c in the colour array of the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • each of the output driving signals 16a, 16b, 16c is separately controllable and has a power level which varies as a non-linear function of the on-duration (and hence power) of the input power signal at the input of the adaptor 10.
  • the output driving signals 16a, 16b, 16c are pulse width modulated signals, which control the amount of power supplied to each of the LEDs 30a, 30b, 34c in the colour array by varying both the duration (herein “on-time”) and height (herein “amplitude”) of the pulses in each signal 16a, 16b, 16c.
  • the power output module 14 is adapted to implement a power control technique' that controls both the on-time and the amplitude of the driving pulses, thereby in effect applying two driving functions to each of the LEDS 30a, 30b, 30c.
  • the effect of controlling both the on-time and amplitude of the pulses in the output driving signals is that the amount of power provided to the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c is scaled non-linearly, for corresponding linear changes in the on-duration of the input power signal.
  • the amount of power may be made to preferably scale as a squared function of the on-duration of the input power signal, whereby the power level of each output driving signal is based on a multiplicative relation between the on-time and the amplitude of the pulse.
  • an advantage of powering the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c in accordance with a non-linear driving function is that the light output from the solid state lighting unit may be made to vary such that the output substantially matches the response of a human eye. It is known that the human eye is very sensitive to changes in intensity at low light levels, but relatively insensitive to changes in intensity at high light levels. Therefore, in accordance with this aspect of the present invention, the power adaptor 10 may be configured to produce small changes in intensity at low intensity levels, and large changes in intensity at high intensity levels, by driving the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c in a non-linear fashion.
  • the transitions from low to high light levels (and vice versa) and/or colour changes are found to be more comfortable for the eye, and moreover, are particularly well suited to the eye's response at low light levels, as the resolution of the solid state lighting unit 30 is increased at lower input power levels.
  • the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c may be driven by a non-linear function which has any desired functional form, including preferably squared, exponential and logarithmic, depending on the desired application and the manner in which the outputs from the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c are to be matched the eye's intensity response profile.
  • the power output module 14 is configured to provide the pulsed output driving signals as triangular saw-tooth waveforms.
  • the power output module 14 varies a D.C. offset associated with each output driving signal, relative to a reference ground level.
  • the peaks of the triangular waveforms can be effectively shifted in height relative to ground, thereby providing more or less power to the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c, as more or less of the triangular waveform is exposed relative to ground.
  • the D.C. offset is linearly varied from about 0 volts D.C. to about 5 volts D.C. peak pulse height.
  • the pulses of the output driving signals are not actually switched on or off, but are instead merely shifted relative to ground little, or no, radio-interference is found to originate from the power adaptor 10.
  • the power output module 14 may use any suitable circuit arrangement to drive the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c according to a non-linear driving function According to this aspect of the present invention.
  • the power adaptor 10 also includes a power regulator 15, of a type, and operation, as described in the application GB2416251 .
  • the power regulator 15 is operable to provide a substantially constant output power to the power output module 14 for as wide a range of available input power as possible.
  • the power adaptor 10 is operable to control an overall output intensity and/or colour characteristic output of the solid-state lighting unit 30 by way of a suitable lighting profile, as described in detail in the patent application GB2416251 .
  • the lighting profiles incorporate the non-linear driving function for the output driving signals, so as to scale the power provided to the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c non-linearly.
  • the processor 13 is programmed with a plurality of such lighting profiles, each one giving rise to a particular 'mood' lighting effect having an output intensity adapted to substantially match the response of a human eye at the given preferred colour.
  • the processor 13 is programmed to sequentially select a successive one of the lighting profiles whenever the power available at the input of the adaptor 10 (as indicated by the on-duration of the input power signal) is at a level which is insufficient to provide power for operation of the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • This level corresponds to a power level at which the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c are effectively off, and is herein referred to as the 'minimum power level'.
  • the minimum power level is non-zero, since a zero power level (and hence zero duty cycle) is regarded by the processor 13 as a re-set signal, causing the processor 13 to re-set the order of profile selection so as to start again from the first programmed profile.
  • the processor 13 could be programmed to remember the last implemented profile in a non-volatile memory, so that when the power adaptor 10 is turned on from being off, the last profile may be selected in preference to the first programmed profile.
  • the processor 13 may be programmed to sequentially select a profile in response to any specific available power level, for example, the next profile could be selected when the available power at the adaptor input corresponds to substantially 100% mains voltage duty cycle i.e. corresponding to maximum output intensity of the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • the processor 13 may be programmed to respond to any 'sudden' change in available input power, e.g. by quickly rotating a dimmer control switch back and forth etc. within a prescribed time interval.
  • the processor 13 preferably contains 8 lighting profiles each giving rise to a particular lighting effect or 'mood' lighting. Of course, it is to be appreciated that the processor 13 may contain any number of profiles depending upon the particular lighting system and illumination environment in which it is intended to be used.
  • each lighting profile includes a transfer characteristic which causes the processor 13 to instruct the power output module 14 to produce a colour characteristic output of the solid state lighting unit 30 which is (i) contrasted towards substantially white when the input duty cycle is in the range of approximately 35% to approximately 100% of mains voltage duty cycle, and (ii) coloured light when the input duty cycle is in the range of approximately 20% to approximately 35% of mains voltage duty cycle.
  • the transfer characteristics of exemplary profiles can be configured so that the following example colour characteristic outputs are produced when the input duty cycle is increased from a low duty cycle to a high duty cycle:
  • an exemplary profile may go from dim blue to bright blue then to white with increasing input duty cycle (or on-duration of the input power signal), and go from white to bright orange to dim orange as the duty cycle decreases.
  • the colour characteristic output is maintained at substantially white light throughout the range of input duty cycle.
  • the power adaptor 10 is configured to allow the sequence of lighting profiles to be resynchronised in response to detecting a pre-set switching event produced by the dimmer controller 20.
  • the pre-set switching event corresponds to a specific movement of the adjustment means, which in the case of the control knob 21 is preferably a rapid rotation of the knob through a predetermined angle, followed by a corresponding rapid angular rotation in the opposite direction.
  • the "predetermined angle" corresponds to substantially the full angular range of operation of the control knob 21, and the movement is such that the first rotation increases the amount of power available at the input of the power adaptor 10, and the second rotation decreases the amount of power available at the input of the power adaptor 10.
  • the processor 13 responds by resetting the order of the lighting profile sequence in memory.
  • pre-set switching event may correspond to any suitable signal from the adjustment means or other controllable input device (e.g. an input from an associated input means and/or sensor), which is sufficiently unique to be identified by the processor 13 as a re-synchronisation signal.
  • the above technique is particularly advantageous in lighting systems having more than one coupled solid state lighting unit and power adaptor assembly, as several such assemblies can lose colour sequence synchronisation if one or more of the solid state lighting units are replaced over time.
  • an operator can operate the adjustment means to trigger the re-synchronisation of the power adaptors 10 via the pre-set switching event. Thereafter, as a consequence, each assembly invokes the same lighting profile sequence.
  • a dimmer controller 20 for providing a phase controlled output power signal of varying on-duration, preferably a chopped A.C. mains power signal.
  • the dimmer controller 20 is in the form of a wall switch plate having an adjustment means, such as a rotary control knob 21, operable to vary the output of the mains supply L, N.
  • the control knob 21 acts as both an intensity control and as a 'mood' colour control for the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • the control knob 21 incorporates an isolation switch for isolating the lighting units 4, 5 and 3 0 from the output power signal of the dimmer controller 20.
  • the isolation may be in the form of a push switch, operated by pushing the control knob 21 on its axis, or a limit switch actuated by turning the knob 21 to one extremity of its range, in accordance with known dimmer switch operation.
  • the adjustment means may be a slidable switch or an encoded control knob adapted for continuous rotation about a fixed axis, having no minimum or maximum mechanical end points.
  • the dimmer controller 20 also comprises an input means 24 to receive an input signal from an operator to select a desired light intensity output and/or colour characteristic of the solid state lighting unit 30.
  • the input means 24 provides the operator with an additional means of directly controlling the intensity and/or 'mood' colour, without physically manipulating the control knob 21.
  • the input means 24 is an infra-red sensor, which is configured to receive input signals from a suitable hand held remote control.
  • the input means may be an acoustic sensor or wireless receiver.
  • the input means 24 may be a push button switch or control pad mounted on the wall switch plate, which may be directly operated by the operator as desired.
  • the lighting system 1 is configured to have a power saving mode, which is entered into whenever the illumination environment (e.g. home setting, office or industrial building) of the lighting system 1 is deemed to be no longer occupied or in use.
  • a power saving mode which is entered into whenever the illumination environment (e.g. home setting, office or industrial building) of the lighting system 1 is deemed to be no longer occupied or in use.
  • the dimming module 22 of the dimmer controller 20 is coupled to a motion sensor 24 of a type for detecting activity of humans etc. within the environment around the dimmer controller 20.
  • the motion sensor 24 is in the form of a passive infra-red (PIR) based detector, mounted on the wall switch plate of the dimmer controller 20, and directly connected to the dimming module 22.
  • the motion sensor 24 may be located remotely from the dimming module 22, at a selected vantage point within the illumination environment, and can either be hard wired or wirelessly connected to the dimming module 22 as desired.
  • the motion sensor 24 may be a thermal imaging sensor which detects activity within the environment by monitoring motion of humans etc. by tracing their thermal signature within successive thermal images.
  • the PIR detector monitors the illumination environment for any activity, and if no motion is detected within a predetermined period of time, the dimming module 22 acts to set the power level of the output power signal (from the dimmer controller 20) to a standby power level.
  • the standby power level is preferably a low power level, which is sufficient to provide power to operate a solid state lighting unit 30, but insufficient to operate an incandescent lighting unit 4, 5.
  • the dimmer controller 20 decides to implement the power saving mode of the lighting system 1, the incandescent lighting units are turned off and low level illumination can be provided by the low power LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c.
  • Such low level illumination is not only economical, but is also environmentally friendly, as the power consumption of the lighting system 1 is reduced while in the power saving mode.
  • An additional benefit of maintaining a low level of illumination is that it provides a measure of safety for an operator who subsequently re-enters the environment, as the risk of stumbling or tripping over unseen obstacles is significantly reduced.
  • the low level of illumination can be particularly advantageous if the operator is only briefing entering, or passing through, the illumination environment, as it may not be necessary to turn on the incandescent lighting units 4, 5, which therefore maintains the power saving mode of the lighting system 1.
  • the power saving mode of this aspect of the present invention is advantageous, as it may significantly reduce power consumption (and hence cost) as lighting is used only when and where it is needed, thereby benefiting both the operator and the environment.
  • the value of the standby power level and predetermined time period are preferably stored in a conventional non-volatile memory within, or coupled to, the dimming module 22.
  • the standby power level and time period may be factory set during fabrication of the dimmer controller 20, or else may be set by the operator, preferably using a pre-set sequence of switching operations recognised by the dimming module 22, e.g. by rapidly turning the control knob 21 in a prescribed manner, thereby enabling the level or period to be set and then committed to the non-volatile memory.
  • the predetermined period of time is in the range of about 15 minutes to about 20 minutes. However, this range is not intended to be limiting and any suitable range may be used according to the desired inactivity period.
  • the dimming module 22 includes a triac and/or thyristor dimming circuit so as to provide the output power signal to the lighting units 4, 5, and 30.
  • the power regulator 15 may be replaced by a conventional D.C. power supply, which is preferably separate from the power adaptor 10.
  • the D.C. power supply is connected across the mains supply L, N via a switch controlled by the processor 13 in controller 11.
  • the switch is a conventional mains rated switching device, such as a relay, triac or thyristor.
  • the D.C. power supply connects to the live power supply line L in parallel with the dimmer controller 20, so that the supply is able to receive approximately 100% of the mains duty cycle whenever it is connected to the live line L. Hence, the power supply does not receive the phase-controlled variation in the output of the mains supply produced by the dimmer controller 20.
  • the output of the power supply 43 is used to provide a constant electrical power to the power output module 14 within the controller 11, whenever the power supply 43 is connected to the mains supply L, N.
  • the power adaptor 10 and solid state lighting unit 30 may be enclosed within a common housing of a plug-in fitting 50, that is preferably designed to be installed into a standard halogen type, recessed light socket 53, such as in a ceiling or wall.
  • the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c (only the first two are shown) are mounted within the housing so that light from each emitter is able to emerge from respective apertures 54a, 54b in an outwardly facing surface of the housing.
  • the outwardly facing surface is preferably annular in form, and provides for a central aperture to preferably receive a standard halogen lamp 56 which connects to the mains supply L, N via a low voltage transformer 55, either integral, or external, to the housing.
  • the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c are disposed within the housing so that their angular separation (about the central aperture) is approximately 120 degrees apart, although any suitable angular and/or spatial separation in the plane of the outwardly facing surface may be adopted.
  • each emitter may be provided with a substantially conical reflector as conventionally used in lighting devices.
  • a heat sink 57 is provided, which minimises, or prevents, the risk of the plug-in fitting 50 from overheating during continuous periods of use.
  • the power adaptor 10 and solid state lighting unit 30 may be enclosed within another common housing of a plug-in fitting 60, that is also preferably designed to be installed into a standard halogen type, recessed light socket 53, such as in a ceiling or wall.
  • a plug-in fitting 60 that is also preferably designed to be installed into a standard halogen type, recessed light socket 53, such as in a ceiling or wall.
  • the LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c (only the first two are shown) are mounted within the housing in the same manner as the arrangement in figure 2 , and each preferably has an associated lens 59a, 59b, 59c to focus and direct the light into the illumination environment.
  • the plug-in fitting includes a heat sink 57 to dissipate the heat from the halogen lamp 56 and LEDs 30a, 30b, 30c.
  • the fitting also preferably includes a thermal vent 61, in the form of an aperture to allow excess heat from the halogen lamp 56 to convectively dissipate.
  • plug-in fittings 50, 60 are advantageous, as the fittings may be simply installed by non-specialist technicians, such as typical homeowners, without the need for re-wiring of existing electrical connections. Moreover, the fitting can be conveniently located, and re-located, within any desired room of the home, provided a suitable dimmer controller 20 is available in that room, to thereby permit a particular 'mood' lighting to be selected.
  • the solid state lighting unit 30 may also be fitted with a conventional temperature sensor 40 which could monitor the temperature within an associated housing and provide the adaptor processor 13 with an overheat signal.
  • the processor 13 would be programmed to instruct the power output module 14 to temporarily interrupt, or indefinitely isolate, power to the potentially overheating solid state lighting unit 3 0 until such time that the signal is cancelled or re-set.
  • the light output efficiency of the solid state lighting units can be improved by modifying the power adaptor of one or more of the preferred arrangements and/or changing the configuration of the solid state lighting unit. As discussed earlier, the efficiency of new generation LEDs is known to decrease markedly with increasing high input power. Therefore, there is an inherent lower return in luminous flux per watt at higher input powers.
  • FIG 4 there is shown an example light output efficiency vs. input power curve (herein referred to as the "light output efficiency curve"), for a typical new generation LED (e.g. Indium Gallium Nitride 5T40BC-R-AU available from United Epitaxy Co. Ltd. www.uec.com.tw) for use with existing solid state lighting units.
  • the efficiency in lumens per watt
  • the return in terms of luminous flux per watt of input power is significantly lower than in the regions below approximately 0.03W for instance.
  • Existing solid state lighting units overcome this fall off in efficiency by driving the LEDs with ever increasing power, so as to give rise to more available luminous flux.
  • this technique is potentially wasteful of power and such inefficient use can lead to additional operating costs, which may be undesirable from a domestic user's point of view.
  • the power output module 14 in the power adaptor 10 of the present invention is configured to drive the solid state lighting unit 30 so that the LEDs 30a-c are operated over an optimum portion of their light output efficiency curves (corresponding to lower input powers - see figure 4 ), to thereby optimise the efficiency of the lighting unit.
  • the power adaptor 10 can maximise the output efficiency by driving the LEDs 30a-c over a substantially linear response portion of the light output efficiency curves, before the onset of non-linearity which occurs with increasing high input powers. This technique avoids significant wastage of power and provides a greater return in terms of luminous flux per watt of input power.
  • the power output module 14 comprises a current limiting circuit which therefore prevents the power delivered to the LEDs from rising above a predetermined threshold. In this way, the available power can be selected so as to drive the LEDs over the preferred optimum portion of their light output efficiency curves.
  • the fixture comprises a housing 110, in which is enclosed the power adaptor 10 of the foregoing arrangement coupled to an array 112 of solid state light emitters, such as a plurality of LEDs 114.
  • the array 112 preferably includes at least one emitter that emits light of a different colour to at least one other light emitter within the array.
  • the light emitters are spatially arranged in a preferred radial pattern so as to permit good colour mixing of the output light, to thereby give rise to 'mood' lighting as discussed in detail with respect to the other preferred arrangements.
  • the fixture 100 is preferably a plug-in fitting, that is designed to be installed into a standard halogen type, recessed light socket (not shown), such as in a ceiling or wall etc.
  • the array 112 of light emitters each have a characteristic light output efficiency curve, such as that illustrated in figure 4 , as is typical for a new generation LED.
  • the LEDs 114 are mounted to a conventional printed circuit board 116, although it is to be appreciated that any suitable mounting arrangement may be used.
  • the printed circuit board is preferably attached to the housing by way of a screw 118 or other fixing device.
  • a conventional heatsink 120 is attached to the reverse side of the printed circuit board, so as to dissipate any excess heat generated by the LEDs during use.
  • Power is provided to the array 112 by way of the power adaptor 10, which has an input connected to electrical contacts 122a and 112b.
  • the input is arranged to receive a phase controlled input power signal from any of the dimmer controllers of the present invention.
  • a conventional conical reflector 124 is provided, which is connected to the housing 110 using any suitable means. It is to be appreciated that any appropriate form or shape of reflector may be used in the lighting fixture of the present invention.
  • the optimum portion of the LED light output efficiency curves is selected so as to correspond to local lighting regulations.
  • this may be the fixed internal lighting regulations as stipulated by the "2006 Edition of the Building Regulations: Conservation of fuel and power", as published by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
  • These regulations require that any new lighting fixtures should provide an output efficiency of 40 lumens per watt or greater.
  • the power output module 14 is configured to provide a driving signal to the array 112 which causes the LEDs 114 to be operated over an optimum portion of their light output efficiency curves and which prevents the light output efficiency from falling below a predetermined threshold level, preferably corresponding to a light output efficiency of at least 40 lumens per watt for the array as a whole.
  • the fixture advantageously conforms to the required lighting regulations, and thereby ensures efficient use of input power and an effective return in terms of luminous flux.
  • the predetermined threshold may be selected to correspond to any appropriate light output efficiency level, depending on the particular application and solid state devices used.
  • the predetermined threshold may be selected to correspond substantially to the onset of non-linearity in the light output efficiency curve.
  • a triangular saw-tooth waveform is preferably used as the output driving signal from the power adaptor 10 (see figure 5 ).
  • the output driving signal has a power level that varies as a non-linear function of the power of the input power signal (as derived from the dimmer controller).
  • the power adaptor 10 is configured to cause the triangular waveform to saturate at higher input powers. In this way, more power can be delivered to the LEDs 114 as the efficiency begins to gradually decrease towards the higher power end of the optimum portion of their light output efficiency curves.
  • the output driving signal begins to saturate at around 70% of its maximum power level, which thereby provides more power to the array 112 in the lighting fixture 100 as the on-time is correspondingly increased.
  • the power adaptor provides continuous direct current to the array 112, which is selected to be at a level which gives rise to a light output efficiency which is approximately 40 lumens per watt or greater.
  • the output driving signal de-saturates and once again adopts its triangular waveform, thereby providing greater control over the LEDs at lower input power.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Netzteil für eine Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit, umfassend:
    einen Eingang zum Empfangen eines phasengesteuerten Eingangsleistungssignals variierender Einschaltdauer, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Controller, der mit dem Eingang gekoppelt ist und zum Erzeugen von wenigstens einem gepulsten Ausgabeansteuerungssignal funktionell ist, bei dem sowohl die Dauer als auch die Höhe der Impulse entsprechend der Einschaltdauer des Eingangsleistungssignals variiert werden, um dadurch eine Lichtstärkeausgabe der Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit zu regeln.
  2. Netzteil nach Anpruch 1, bei dem das Ausgabeansteuerungssignal einen Leistungspegel hat, der als eine nichtlineare Funktion der Einschaltdauer des Eingangsleistungssignals variiert.
  3. Netzteil nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die nichtlineare Funktion eine Form hat, die mit einem Profil der Reaktion eines menschlichen Augens auf die Lichtstärke übereinstimmt.
  4. Netzteil nach Anspruch 2 oder Anspruch 3, bei dem die nichtlineare Funktion eine quadratische Funktion ist.
  5. Netzteil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Controller einen mit dem Ausgabeansteuerungssignal assoziierten Gleichspannungsoffset relativ zur Masse variiert, um die Dauer und Höhe der Impulse in dem Signal zu variieren.
  6. Netzteil nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Gleichspannungsoffset von etwa 0 Volt Gleichspannung bis zu einer Impulsspitzenhöhe von etwa 5 Volt Gleichspannung relativ zur Masse linear variiert wird.
  7. Netzteil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Ausgabeansteuersignal eine dreieckige Sägezahnwellenform ist.
  8. Netzteil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Controller zum Erzeugen von wenigstens zwei gepulsten Ausgabeansteuersignalen funktionell ist, bei denen sowohl die Dauer als auch die Höhe der Impulse in jedem Signal entsprechend der Einschaltdauer des Eingangsleistungssignals variiert werden, um dadurch eine Lichtstärkeausgabe und/oder Farbkennlinie der Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit zu regeln.
  9. Beleuchtungssystem, umfassend:
    eine Dimmerregelung zum Bereitstellen eines phasengeregelten Ausgangsleistungssignals variierender Einschaltdauer,
    ein Netzteil nach Anspruch 1 und
    eine Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit zum Empfangen des gepulsten Ausgabeansteuersignals, um dadurch eine Lichtstärkeausgabe der Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit zu regeln.
  10. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 9, das ferner eine oder mehrere Glühlampen-Beleuchtungseinheiten umfasst, die zum Empfangen des Ausgangsleistungssignals von der Dimmerregelung konfiguriert sind.
  11. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 9 oder Anspruch 10, bei dem das Ausgangsleistungssignal ein zerhacktes Wechselstromnetzsignal ist.
  12. Beleuchtungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, bei dem das gepulste Ausgabeansteuerungssignal eine dreieckige Sägezahnwellenform ist.
  13. Beleuchtungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, bei dem der Controller zum Erzeugen von wenigstens zwei gepulsten Ausgabeansteuerungssignalen funktionell ist, bei dem sowohl die Dauer als auch die Höhe der Impulse in jedem Signal entsprechend der Einschaltdauer des Ausgangsleistungssignals variiert werden, um dadurch eine Lichtstärkeausgabe und/oder Farbkennlinie der Halbleiter-Beleuchtungseinheit zu regeln.
EP06779279A 2005-09-03 2006-09-04 Verbesserungen an beleuchtungssystemen Not-in-force EP1920638B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0517959.3A GB0517959D0 (en) 2005-09-03 2005-09-03 Improvements to lighting systems
GBGB0526338.9A GB0526338D0 (en) 2005-09-03 2005-12-23 Improvements to lighting systems
PCT/GB2006/003259 WO2007026170A2 (en) 2005-09-03 2006-09-04 Improvements to lighting systems

Publications (2)

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EP1920638A2 EP1920638A2 (de) 2008-05-14
EP1920638B1 true EP1920638B1 (de) 2011-08-10

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WO2007026170A3 (en) 2007-06-14
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