EP1917434A1 - 4-cycle stirling engine with two double piston units - Google Patents

4-cycle stirling engine with two double piston units

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Publication number
EP1917434A1
EP1917434A1 EP05808128A EP05808128A EP1917434A1 EP 1917434 A1 EP1917434 A1 EP 1917434A1 EP 05808128 A EP05808128 A EP 05808128A EP 05808128 A EP05808128 A EP 05808128A EP 1917434 A1 EP1917434 A1 EP 1917434A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder space
cycle
stirling engine
regenerator
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05808128A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1917434B1 (en
Inventor
Dr. Andreas Gimsa
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE200510039417 external-priority patent/DE102005039417B4/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL05808128T priority Critical patent/PL1917434T3/en
Publication of EP1917434A1 publication Critical patent/EP1917434A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F02G2243/04—Crank-connecting-rod drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/02—Single-acting two piston engines
    • F02G2244/06—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type
    • F02G2244/08—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type having parallel cylinder, e.g. "Rider" engines

Definitions

  • Double-acting 4-cycle Stirling engines are known in various variants of the Siemens arrangement. In these engines, 4 cylinders are side by side and each have an expansion and a compression space.
  • the invention describes a 4-cycle Stirling engine (4ZM) of the alpha type with 2 double-piston units which move with a phase offset to one another, each consisting of 2 pistons which are connected to one another with piston rods (3), (8) and piston rod extensions ( 4), (9), which are mechanically connected via a gearbox.
  • 4ZM 4-cycle Stirling engine
  • a double piston unit can consist of an expansion piston and a compression piston, 2 expansion pistons or 2 compression pistons.
  • the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly, and the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second Heater-regenerator-cooler assembly connected.
  • the cylinder space above piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 2 via the third heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and the cylinder space below piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 2 via the fourth heater-regenerator-cooler. Assembly connected. Since the first piston of a double piston unit can be used as a guide for the second, it is possible to work with a defined annular gap without piston rings.
  • the double-acting pistons of the double-piston units can be implemented as membranes or bellows that can be used on both sides, preferably in an outer, pressure-tight enclosure wall.
  • the diameters of the cylinders for the pistons (1), (2), (6) and (7) can differ from one another. As a result, for example, the expansion spaces can be larger than that
  • a heater can be used, in which 4 single-pipe spirals lying one behind the other or 4 wound in pairs are arranged in a hollow cast body.
  • the burner can be located inside the cast body.
  • a flow body can be installed in front of the matrix, which has a low flow resistance on both sides, the gas is evenly distributed and is preferably a ball.
  • the cycle short-circuit valves (27) and (28) can be used to regulate the participating items
  • Another arrangement according to the invention describes a 4-cycle universal machine with 2 double-piston units which move with respect to one another with a phase shift in which 2 cycles are used to provide mechanical energy and the two remaining cycles are used to cool heat sources and heat up heat sinks.
  • the four working gas areas of the heater 10 in FIG. 1 are reduced to two, namely those of cycle 1 and cycle 2.
  • the remaining working gas areas of the heat supply in cycle 3 and cycle 4 which are then no longer in the heater (locally and thermally separated), are thermally connected to one or two heat sources.
  • the areas of heat dissipation from cycle 3 and 4 can be connected to one or two heat sinks.
  • a cooling machine can be built that uses cooling energy from cycles 1 and 2 to implement cooling processes in the other two cycles.
  • cycles 3 and 4 can alternatively be used to provide the mechanical energy and cycles 1 and 2 for the cooling processes.
  • the alternative application of a heat pump instead of a cooling machine is also a matter of course.
  • a machine can be set up that uses, for example, cycles 1 and 2 as thermal power processes, cycle 3 as a cooling machine and cycle 4 as a heat pump. For this, the working gas areas of the heat supply of cycle 3 and cycle 4 must be thermally separated due to the different temperature levels.
  • the machine can also be configured so that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly is connected.
  • the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
  • Another arrangement of the machine according to the invention is that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 is connected via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly.
  • the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
  • 4 processes can be operated in one direction of rotation: 4 clockwise thermal power processes or 4 counterclockwise cooling machine or heat pump processes or 2 clockwise and 2 counterclockwise processes.
  • simple solar or vegetable oil-fired cooling machines with comparatively high levels of efficiency can also be set up in the partial load range.
  • the COP of thermally operated conventional systems are only between 0.5 and 1.1 (in comparison compression systems in the range from 3.5 to 4.5 COP).
  • the machine can provide mechanical, electrical and thermal energy as well as cold. With the variation of the proportions, parts of a certain form of energy can be adapted to the type of use.
  • a gearbox for achieving the phase offset and for energy conversion can also be implemented in the form of a linear generator / linear motor system.
  • magnet or coil bodies are attached to the piston rod extensions, which interact with external fixed coil or magnet bodies.
  • the excess energy of one double piston unit can be used in this way to drive the other double piston unit.
  • the linear generator-linear motor systems permanently switch between generator and motor operation.
  • a linear generator-linear motor system is advantageous in connection with the arrangement of the two double-piston units in boxer form.
  • the movable and stationary coil and magnet bodies of both double piston units can then be partially or completely combined.
  • a V arrangement with connection to only one common crankshaft crank can also be implemented.

Abstract

A 4-cycle Stirling engine is for carrying out thermal power processes or heat power and cold and heat pumping processes with two double piston units which move with a phase offset to each other.

Description

4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine mit 2 Doppelkolbeneinheiten4-cycle Stirling engine with 2 double piston units
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Doppelt wirkende 4-Zyklen-Stirling-Motoren sind in verschiedenen Varianten der Siemens- Anordnung bekannt. Bei diesen Motoren liegen 4 Zylinder nebeneinander und diese besitzen jeweils einen Expansions- und einen Kompressionsraum.Double-acting 4-cycle Stirling engines are known in various variants of the Siemens arrangement. In these engines, 4 cylinders are side by side and each have an expansion and a compression space.
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung beschreibt eine 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine (4ZM) vom Alpha-Typ mit 2 Doppelkolbeneinheiten, die sich mit einem Phasenversatz zueinander bewegen, jeweils bestehend aus 2 Kolben, die mit Kolbenstangen (3), (8) miteinander verbunden sind und Kolbenstangenverlängerungen (4), (9), die über ein Getriebe in mechanischer Verbindung stehen.The invention describes a 4-cycle Stirling engine (4ZM) of the alpha type with 2 double-piston units which move with a phase offset to one another, each consisting of 2 pistons which are connected to one another with piston rods (3), (8) and piston rod extensions ( 4), (9), which are mechanically connected via a gearbox.
Eine Doppelkolbeneinheit kann aus einem Expansionskolben und einem Kompressionskolben, 2 Expansionskolben oder 2 Kompressionskolben bestehen.A double piston unit can consist of an expansion piston and a compression piston, 2 expansion pistons or 2 compression pistons.
Die Zyklenverbindungen nach Figur 1 sind so hergestellt, dass jeder Zyklus einen Stirling- Motor-Prozess ausführen kann. In Figur 1 findet mit Abwärtsbewegung der ersten Doppeikolbeneinheit und der hinterher eilenden zweiten Doppelkolbeneinheit im Zyklus 1 die Expansion statt, im Zyklus 2 die Kompression, im Zyklus 3 die isochore Wärmezufuhr und im Zyklus 4 die isochore Wärmeabfuhr. Der Drehkraftverlauf an der Kurbelwelle ist dadurch sehr ausgeglichen und durchweg positiv.The cycle connections according to FIG. 1 are made in such a way that each cycle can carry out a Stirling engine process. In FIG. 1, with the downward movement of the first double-piston unit and the second double-piston unit hurrying after it, expansion takes place in cycle 1, compression in cycle 2, isochoric heat supply in cycle 3 and isochoric heat removal in cycle 4. The torque curve on the crankshaft is thus very balanced and consistently positive.
In der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung nach Figur 1 ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator- Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 ist mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler- Baugruppe verbunden. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 über die dritte Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 ist mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 über die vierte Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden. Da jeweils der erste Kolben einer Doppeikolbeneinheit als Führung für den zweiten genutzt werden kann, besteht die Möglichkeit ohne Kolbenringe mit definiertem Ringspalt zu arbeiten.In the arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 1, the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly, and the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second Heater-regenerator-cooler assembly connected. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 2 via the third heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and the cylinder space below piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 2 via the fourth heater-regenerator-cooler. Assembly connected. Since the first piston of a double piston unit can be used as a guide for the second, it is possible to work with a defined annular gap without piston rings.
Ersatzblatt Die doppelt wirkenden Kolben der Doppelkolbeneinheiten lassen sich bei Beachtung der entsprechenden Temperatur- und Druckniveaus als beidseitig nutzbare Membranen oder Faltenbälge, vorzugsweise in einer äußeren, druckdichten Umschließungswand realisieren.Spare sheet If the corresponding temperature and pressure levels are observed, the double-acting pistons of the double-piston units can be implemented as membranes or bellows that can be used on both sides, preferably in an outer, pressure-tight enclosure wall.
Die Zylinder für die Kolben (1), (2), (6) und (7) können sich in ihren Durchmessern voneinander unterscheiden. Dadurch können bspw. die Expansionsräume größer als dieThe diameters of the cylinders for the pistons (1), (2), (6) and (7) can differ from one another. As a result, for example, the expansion spaces can be larger than that
Kompressionsräume ausgeführt werden. Außerdem lässt sich über die Variation derCompression rooms are running. In addition, the variation of
Zylinderdurchmesser eine Systemoptimierung bei der gleichzeitigen Realisierung von rechts- und linksläufigen Prozessen vornehmen (Beschreibung siehe unten).Carry out a system optimization with simultaneous realization of right-handed and left-handed processes (description see below).
Es lässt sich ein Erhitzer einsetzen, bei dem 4 hintereinander liegende oder 4 paarweise gewickelte Einrohrspiralen in einem hohlen Gussgrundkörper angeordnet sind. Der Brenner kann sich innerhalb des Gussgrundkörpers befinden.A heater can be used, in which 4 single-pipe spirals lying one behind the other or 4 wound in pairs are arranged in a hollow cast body. The burner can be located inside the cast body.
Zur gleichmäßigen Anströmung der Regeneratormatrix aus dünneren Arbeitsgas- verbindungsrohren des 4ZM lässt sich vor der Matrix ein Strömungskörper einbauen, der einen geringen beidseitigen Strömungswiderstand hat, das Gas gleichmäßig verteilt und vorzugsweise eine Kugel ist.A flow body can be installed in front of the matrix, which has a low flow resistance on both sides, the gas is evenly distributed and is preferably a ball.
Um ein einfaches Wechseln der Dichtungen in der jeweiligen Zylindermitte zu ermöglichen, können diese in Form von Kolbenringen (19) auf den Kolbenstangen (3) und (8) ausgeführt werden.To make it easy to change the seals in the respective cylinder center, they can be designed in the form of piston rings (19) on the piston rods (3) and (8).
Die Zyklenkurzschlussventile (27) und (28) lassen sich zur Regelung der teilnehmendenThe cycle short-circuit valves (27) and (28) can be used to regulate the participating
Kreisprozesse im Teillastbetrieb nutzen.Use circular processes in part-load operation.
Gegenüber dem 4-Zylen-Siemens-Stirling-Motor ergeben sich folgende VorteileThe following advantages result over the 4-cylinder Siemens Stirling engine
■ Einfacheres Getriebe und weniger mechanische Reibung ■ Simpler transmission and less mechanical friction
■ Geringe Vermischungsverluste des Arbeitsgases ■ Low mixing loss of the working gas
■ Geringe Wärmeleitungsverluste insbesondere im Bereich der Zylinderwand ■ Low heat conduction losses, especially in the area of the cylinder wall
■ Kompakterer Aufbau ■ More compact structure
■ Variationsmöglichkeit des Expansionsraumes gegenüber dem Kompressionsraum ■ Possibility of varying the expansion space compared to the compression space
Eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Anordnung beschreibt eine 4-Zyklen-Universalmaschine mit 2 Doppelkolbeneinheiten, die sich mit einem Phasenversatz zueinander bewegen, bei dem 2 Zyklen zur Bereitstellung mechanischer Energie und die beiden verbleibenden Zyklen dazu genutzt werden, Wärmequellen abzukühlen und Wärmesenken aufzuheizen.Another arrangement according to the invention describes a 4-cycle universal machine with 2 double-piston units which move with respect to one another with a phase shift in which 2 cycles are used to provide mechanical energy and the two remaining cycles are used to cool heat sources and heat up heat sinks.
Ersatzblatt Dazu werden die vier Arbeitsgasbereiche des Erhitzer 10 in Figur 1 auf zwei, nämlich die von Zyklus 1 und Zyklus 2 reduziert. Die verbleibenden Arbeitsgasbereiche der Wärmezufuhr in Zyklus 3 und Zyklus 4, die dann nicht mehr im Erhitzer sind (örtlich und thermisch getrennt), werden mit einer oder zwei Wärmequellen thermisch verbunden. Die Bereiche der Wärmeabfuhr von Zyklus 3 und 4 (Kühlerbereiche) können mit einer oder zwei Wärmesenken verbunden werden. So lässt sich bspw. eine Kühlmaschine aufbauen, die mit dem Überschuss an mechanischer Energie von Zyklus 1 und 2 in den beiden anderen Zyklen Kühlprozesse realisiert. Selbstverständlich können alternativ die Zyklen 3 und 4 zur Bereitstellung der mechanischen Energie genutzt werden und Zyklus 1 und 2 für die Kühlprozesse. Ebenso selbstverständlich ist die alternative Anwendung einer Wärmepumpe anstelle einer Kühlmaschine. Es lässt sich eine Maschine aufbauen, die bspw. Zyklus 1 und 2 als Wärmekraftprozesse nutzt, Zyklus 3 als Kältemaschine und Zyklus 4 als Wärmepumpe. Dafür müssen die Arbeitsgasbereiche der Wärmezufuhr von Zyklus 3 und Zyklus 4 wegen der unterschiedlichen Temperaturniveaus thermisch getrennt werden. Die Maschine lässt sich auch so konfigurieren, dass der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler- Baugruppe verbunden ist und dass der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler- Baugruppe verbunden ist. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Wärmequellen-Regenerator- Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 ist mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Wärmequellen-Regenerator- Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden.Spare sheet For this purpose, the four working gas areas of the heater 10 in FIG. 1 are reduced to two, namely those of cycle 1 and cycle 2. The remaining working gas areas of the heat supply in cycle 3 and cycle 4, which are then no longer in the heater (locally and thermally separated), are thermally connected to one or two heat sources. The areas of heat dissipation from cycle 3 and 4 (cooler areas) can be connected to one or two heat sinks. For example, a cooling machine can be built that uses cooling energy from cycles 1 and 2 to implement cooling processes in the other two cycles. Alternatively, cycles 3 and 4 can alternatively be used to provide the mechanical energy and cycles 1 and 2 for the cooling processes. The alternative application of a heat pump instead of a cooling machine is also a matter of course. A machine can be set up that uses, for example, cycles 1 and 2 as thermal power processes, cycle 3 as a cooling machine and cycle 4 as a heat pump. For this, the working gas areas of the heat supply of cycle 3 and cycle 4 must be thermally separated due to the different temperature levels. The machine can also be configured so that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly is connected. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
Eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Maschine besteht darin, dass der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist und dass der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 über die erste Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 ist mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 über die zweite Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden.Another arrangement of the machine according to the invention is that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 is connected via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
fS atzblatf Ein vorteilhafte Kopplung zweier 4-Zyklen-Maschinen wird erreicht, wenn an den beiden Kröpfungen der Kurbelwelle für die zwei Doppelkolbeneinheiten eines 4-Zyklen-Motors je eine weitere Doppelkolbeneinheit einer 4-Zyklen-Kühlmaschine anlenkt. Dadurch wird eine ruhig laufende Maschine mit hoher Leistung, guter Trennung der unterschiedlichen Temperaturniveaus und einfachem Getriebe realisiert.fS atzblatf An advantageous coupling of two 4-cycle machines is achieved if a further double-piston unit of a 4-cycle cooling machine is articulated on the two cranked crankshafts for the two double-piston units of a 4-cycle engine. This creates a smooth running machine with high performance, good separation of the different temperature levels and simple gear.
Vorteileadvantages
■ Mit den beschriebenen Anordnungen können in einer Drehrichtung 4 Prozesse betrieben werden: 4 rechtsläufige Wärmekraftprozesse oder 4 linksläufige Kühlmaschinen- oder Wärmepumpenprozesse oder 2 rechtsläufige und 2 linksläufige Prozesse. ■ With the described arrangements, 4 processes can be operated in one direction of rotation: 4 clockwise thermal power processes or 4 counterclockwise cooling machine or heat pump processes or 2 clockwise and 2 counterclockwise processes.
■ Es lassen sich bspw. einfache solare oder pflanzenölbefeuerte Kühimaschinen mit vergleichsweise hohen Wirkungsgraden auch im Teillastbereich aufbauen. Die COP von thermisch betriebenen konventionellen Systemen liegen nur zwischen 0,5 und 1 ,1 (im Vergleich Kompressionsanlagen im Bereich von 3,5 bis 4,5 COP). ■ For example, simple solar or vegetable oil-fired cooling machines with comparatively high levels of efficiency can also be set up in the partial load range. The COP of thermally operated conventional systems are only between 0.5 and 1.1 (in comparison compression systems in the range from 3.5 to 4.5 COP).
■ Die Maschine kann mechanische, elektrische und thermische Energie sowie Kälte bereitstellen. Mit Ausiegungsvariation lassen sich Anteile einer bestimmten Energieform der Nutzungsart anpassen. ■ The machine can provide mechanical, electrical and thermal energy as well as cold. With the variation of the proportions, parts of a certain form of energy can be adapted to the type of use.
Ein Getriebe zur Erzielung des Phasenversatzes und zur Energieumwandlung kann auch in Form eines Lineargenerator-Linearmotor-Systems realisiert werden. Dazu werden an den Kolbenstangenverlängerungen Magnet- oder Spulenkörper befestigt, die mit äußeren feststehenden Spulen- oder Magnetkörpern wechselwirken. Der Energieüberschuss der einen Doppelkolbeneinheit lässt sich auf diese Weise nutzen um die andere Doppelkolbeneinheit anzutreiben. Dabei wechseln die Lineargenerator-Linearmotor-Systeme permanent zwischen Generator - und Motorbetrieb.A gearbox for achieving the phase offset and for energy conversion can also be implemented in the form of a linear generator / linear motor system. For this purpose, magnet or coil bodies are attached to the piston rod extensions, which interact with external fixed coil or magnet bodies. The excess energy of one double piston unit can be used in this way to drive the other double piston unit. The linear generator-linear motor systems permanently switch between generator and motor operation.
Vorteilhaft ist ein Lineargenerator-Linearmotor-System im Zusammenhang mit der Anordnung der beiden Doppelkolbeneinheiten in Boxer-Form. Die beweglichen und feststehenden Spulen- und Magnetkörper beider Doppelkolbeneinheiten können dann teilweise oder vollständig vereint werden. Neben der Anordnung der Doppelkolbeneinheiten gemäß Figur 1 und der Boxer-Form ist auch eine V-Anordnung mit Anbindung an nur eine gemeinsame Kurbelwellenkröpfung realisierbar.A linear generator-linear motor system is advantageous in connection with the arrangement of the two double-piston units in boxer form. The movable and stationary coil and magnet bodies of both double piston units can then be partially or completely combined. In addition to the arrangement of the double piston units according to FIG. 1 and the boxer shape, a V arrangement with connection to only one common crankshaft crank can also be implemented.
O e BezuαszeichenlisteO e Reference list
1 Expansionskolben der ersten Doppelkolbeneinheit1 expansion piston of the first double piston unit
2 Kompressionskolben der ersten Doppelkolbeneinheit2 compression pistons of the first double piston unit
3 Kolbenstange der ersten Doppelkolbeneinheit3 piston rod of the first double piston unit
4 Kolbenstangenverlängerung der ersten Doppelkolbeneinheit4 piston rod extension of the first double piston unit
5 Zylindergehäuse5 cylinder housings
6 Expansionskolben der zweiten Doppelkolbeneinheit6 expansion pistons of the second double piston unit
7 Kompressionskolben der zweiten Doppelkolbeneinheit7 compression pistons of the second double piston unit
8 Kolbenstange der zweiten Doppelkolbeneinheit8 Piston rod of the second double piston unit
9 Kolbenstangenverlängerung der zweiten Doppelkolbeneinheit9 Piston rod extension of the second double piston unit
10 4-Zykien-Erhitzer10 4-cycle heaters
11 Regenerator Zyklus 111 Regenerator cycle 1
12 Regenerator Zyklus 212 Regenerator cycle 2
13 Regenerator Zyklus 313 Regenerator cycle 3
14 Regenerator Zyklus 414 Regenerator cycle 4
15 Kühler Zyklus 115 Cool cycle 1
16 Kühler Zyklus 216 Cool cycle 2
17 Kühler Zyklus 317 Cool cycle 3
18 Kühler Zyklus 418 Cool cycle 4
19 Kolbenstangenringe zur Abdichtung19 piston rod rings for sealing
20 Thermische Isolation20 Thermal insulation
21 Kolbenstangendichtung21 piston rod seal
22 Linearführung22 linear guide
23 Pleuel23 connecting rods
24 Kurbelwelle24 crankshaft
25 Generator25 generator
26 Kurbelgehäuse26 crankcase
27 Zyklenkurzschlussventil Zyklus 1 mit Zyklus 227 Cycle short-circuit valve cycle 1 with cycle 2
28 Zyklenkurzschlussventil Zyklus 3 mit Zyklus 4 Z1 Zyklus 128 Cycle short-circuit valve cycle 3 with cycle 4 Z1 cycle 1
Z2 Zyklus 2 Z3 Zyklus 3 Z4 Zyklus 4Z2 cycle 2 Z3 cycle 3 Z4 cycle 4
Ersatzblatt Spare sheet

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine vom Alpha-Typ, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich 2 Doppelkolbeneinheiten mit einem Phasenversatz zueinander bewegen, jeweils bestehend aus 2 Kolben, die mit Kolbenstangen (3), (8) miteinander verbunden sind und Kolbenstangenverlängerungen (4), (9), die über ein Getriebe in mechanischer Verbindung stehen.1. 4-cycle Stirling engine of the alpha type, characterized in that 2 double-piston units move with respect to one another, each consisting of 2 pistons which are connected to one another with piston rods (3), (8) and piston rod extensions (4), (9), which are mechanically connected via a gearbox.
2. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Doppelkolbeneinheit aus einem Expansionskolben und einem Kompressionskolben, 2 Expansionskolben oder 2 Kompressionskolben bestehen kann.2. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a double piston unit can consist of an expansion piston and a compression piston, 2 expansion pistons or 2 compression pistons.
3. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die örtliche und thermische Trennung der Bereiche der Wärmezufuhr, mit 2 Zyklen (Z1 und Z2) oder alternativ (Z3 und Z4) zwei rechtsläufige Wärmekraftprozesse und mit 2 Zyklen (Z3 und Z4) oder alternativ (Z1 und Z2, nur, wenn Z3 und Z4 Wärmekraftprozesse sind) zwei linksläufige Kühlmaschinen- oder Wärmepumpenprozesse realisiert werden.3. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that by the local and thermal separation of the areas of heat supply, with 2 cycles (Z1 and Z2) or alternatively (Z3 and Z4) two clockwise thermal power processes and with 2 cycles (Z3 and Z4) or alternatively (Z1 and Z2, only if Z3 and Z4 are thermal power processes) two left-handed cooling machine or heat pump processes can be implemented.
4. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist und dass der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 über die dritte Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 ist mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 über die vierte Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden. 4. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 2 via the third heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and the cylinder space below piston 6 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 2 via the fourth heater-regenerator-cooler. Assembly connected.
5. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist und dass der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 ist mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden.5. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
6. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmaschine nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 7 über die erste Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist und dass der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 1 mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 7 über die zweite Erhitzer-Regenerator-Kühler-Baugruppe verbunden ist. Zusätzlich ist der Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 2 mit dem Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 6 über die erste Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden und der Zylinderraum unterhalb von Kolben 2 ist mit dem Zylinderraum oberhalb von Kolben 6 über die zweite Wärmequellen-Regenerator-Wärmesenken-Baugruppe verbunden.6. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cylinder space above piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 7 via the first heater-regenerator-cooler assembly and that the cylinder space below piston 1 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 7 via the second heater-regenerator-cooler assembly. In addition, the cylinder space above piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space below piston 6 via the first heat source regenerator heat sink assembly and the cylinder space below piston 2 is connected to the cylinder space above piston 6 via the second heat source regenerator heat sink. Assembly connected.
7. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Zylinder für die Kolben (1), (2), (6) und (7) in ihren Durchmessern voneinander unterscheiden.7. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cylinders for the pistons (1), (2), (6) and (7) differ from one another in their diameters.
8. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein spezieller Erhitzer (10) so ausgebildet ist, dass 4 hintereinander liegende oder 4 paarweise gewickelte Einrohrspiralen in einem hohlen Gussgrundkörper angeordnet sind.8. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that its special heater (10) is designed so that 4 consecutive or 4 pair-wound single-tube spirals are arranged in a hollow cast body.
9. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur gleichmäßigen Anströmung der Regeneratormatrix aus einem dünneren Arbeitsgasverbindungsrohr vor der Matrix ein Strömungskörper eingebaut ist, der das Gas gleichmäßig verteilt, einen geringen beidseitigen Strömungswiderstand hat und vorzugsweise eine Kugel ist.9. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a flow body is installed in front of the matrix from a thinner working gas connecting tube for uniform flow against the regenerator matrix, which distributes the gas evenly, has a low flow resistance on both sides and preferably a ball is.
irsa irsa
10. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtungen in der Zylindermitte in Form von Kolbenringen auf den Kolbenstangen ausgeführt werden.10. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the seals in the center of the cylinder are designed in the form of piston rings on the piston rods.
11. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Zyklenkurzschlussventile (27) und (28) eingebaut werden um eine Regelung der teilnehmenden Kreisprozesse im Teillastbetrieb zu ermöglichen.11. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that cycle short-circuit valves (27) and (28) are installed to enable regulation of the participating cycle processes in part-load operation.
12. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein Getriebe zur Erzielung des Phasenversatzes und zur Energieumwandlung in Form eines Lineargenerator-Linearmotor-Systems realisiert wird.12. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that its transmission for achieving the phase shift and for energy conversion is realized in the form of a linear generator-linear motor system.
13. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Doppelkolbeneinheiten in Boxer- oder V-Form angeordnet werden.13. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the two double piston units are arranged in boxer or V-shape.
14. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die doppelt wirkenden Kolben der Doppelkolbeneinheiten als beidseitig nutzbare Membranen oder Faltenbälge, vorzugsweise in einer äußeren, druckdichten Umschließungswand ausgeführt werden.14. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the double-acting pistons of the double-piston units are designed as membranes or bellows that can be used on both sides, preferably in an outer, pressure-tight enclosure wall.
15. 4-Zyklen-Stirlingmotor nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei 4-Zyklen-Maschinen gekoppelt werden indem an den beiden Kröpfungen der Kurbelwelle für die zwei Doppelkolbeneinheiten eines 4-Zyklen-Motors je eine weitere Doppelkolbeneinheit einer 4-Zyklen-Kühlmaschine anlenkt.15. 4-cycle Stirling engine according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that two 4-cycle machines are coupled by a further double-piston unit of a 4- on the two crankshaft crankshafts for the two double-piston units of a 4-cycle engine. Cycles cooling machine hinges.
ErsatzbSatt Replacement bill
EP05808128A 2005-08-16 2005-10-07 4-cycle stirling engine with two double piston units Active EP1917434B1 (en)

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DE102005042744A DE102005042744A1 (en) 2005-08-16 2005-09-05 4 cycles universal machine
PCT/DE2005/001833 WO2007019815A1 (en) 2005-08-16 2005-10-07 4-cycle stirling engine with two double piston units

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AT (1) ATE433539T1 (en)
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JP4638943B2 (en) 2011-02-23
DE112005003734A5 (en) 2008-07-17
ATE433539T1 (en) 2009-06-15
US20100139262A1 (en) 2010-06-10
DK1917434T3 (en) 2009-10-12
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DE102005042744A1 (en) 2007-04-26
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US7891184B2 (en) 2011-02-22
DE502005007478D1 (en) 2009-07-23

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