EP0597367A1 - Rotary compressor - Google Patents

Rotary compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0597367A1
EP0597367A1 EP93117766A EP93117766A EP0597367A1 EP 0597367 A1 EP0597367 A1 EP 0597367A1 EP 93117766 A EP93117766 A EP 93117766A EP 93117766 A EP93117766 A EP 93117766A EP 0597367 A1 EP0597367 A1 EP 0597367A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotary
displacer
rotary compressor
stator
space
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93117766A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Dr.-Ing. Bareiss
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of EP0597367A1 publication Critical patent/EP0597367A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/004—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using a compressor of the rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/005—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using an expander of the rotary type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotary compressor or displacer according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use as a gas refrigerator according to the Stirling or Vuilleumier principle.
  • Compressors or displacers of the aforementioned type mainly work on the rotary valve or vane principle.
  • the inlets and outlets are arranged stationary on the stator in such a way that a largely constant pressure or negative pressure is present on them.
  • the use for gas refrigeration machines is therefore only possible to a limited extent.
  • Piston pumps are predominantly used for regenerative gas refrigeration machines that work according to the Stirling or Giffort-McMahon principle.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The machine diagram of a gas refrigeration machine that works according to the Stirling principle is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the displacer 2 separates the cylinder 6 into the cold room 7 and the warm room 8.
  • the components are connected to each other via a gas channel, which, like the work rooms, is filled with a gaseous medium, the so-called working gas.
  • compressor piston 1 and displacement piston 2 must be set in a coordinated movement, whereby harmonious movements are generally selected due to technical constraints and the phase shift in the movement sequences of the two pistons is a quarter of a cycle, as shown in FIG. 2 shows.
  • the time course of the compression space (curve 9), the cold space (curve 11) and the warm space (curve (10)) is shown here.
  • the pistons are mechanically driven via a relatively complex crank mechanism and a common drive shaft.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a novel rotary compressor or displacer of the type mentioned, which allows to achieve improved pressure ratios with a simple design and which in particular enables use as a regenerative gas refrigerator.
  • the use of the rotary piston displacer or compressor according to the invention offers the advantage of a compact, low-vibration design.
  • the machine consists of a compressor 12, a warm displacer 13 and a cold displacer 14, all three components being designed as vane pumps or rotary vane pumps and usefully arranged on a common drive shaft.
  • FIG. 3 and the following description are based on an example of a two-cell construction, although a multi-cell construction is also possible and can also be useful.
  • the compression space 15 is connected to the line 18 via the flow channel 16.
  • the line 18 leads via the heat exchanger 19 and the flow channel 20 to the warm room 22.
  • a further connection leads via the heat exchanger 23, the regenerator 24, the heat exchanger 25 and the flow channel 26 to the cold room 27.
  • the flow channels 16, 20, 26 arranged in the respective rotors 17, 21, 28 are each guided to the outside in the hub area in such a way that a flow cross section which is independent of the angle of rotation is ensured.
  • a possible channel guide is shown in FIG. 4 exemplarily shown for the compressor 12.
  • gas refrigeration machines which operate according to the Vuilleumier principle (an extended Stirling principle) can also be implemented.
  • the machine diagram is shown in FIG. 5 shown.
  • 2 displacers 29 and 30 are used in the design according to the invention, which together with the heat exchangers 31 and 31a, the regenerators 32 and 32a and the heat exchangers 33 and 33a form a thermal compressor unit for generating a sinusoidal pressure curve and in the manner shown with that already from FIG. 3 known regenerator / displacement unit is connected.
  • the four displacers 29, 30, 13 and 14 are expediently arranged on a common drive shaft.
  • the separate heat exchangers 19, 19a, 23, 23a and 25, 25a in the machine according to FIG. 3 and the heat exchangers 31, 31 a and 33, 33 a in the machine according to FIG. 5 can be partially or completely dispensed with, which further reduces the mechanical expenditure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A rotary compressor is described, which has been improved with regard to the pressure ratios and the rotor of which has additional overflow ducts and which is particularly suitable for use in gas refrigeration machines. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rotationskompressor oder -verdränger nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie dessen Verwendung als Gaskältemaschine nach dem Stirling- oder Vuilleumierprinzip.The invention relates to a rotary compressor or displacer according to the preamble of claim 1 and its use as a gas refrigerator according to the Stirling or Vuilleumier principle.

Kompressoren oder Verdränger der vorgenannten Art arbeiten überwiegend nach dem Drehschieber oder Flügelzellenprinzip. Die Ein- bzw. Auslässe sind dabei am Stator ortsfest in der Weise angeordnet, daß an ihnen ein weitgehend konstanter Druck bzw. Unterdruck ansteht. Die Verwendung für Gaskältemaschinen ist daher nur bedingt möglich.Compressors or displacers of the aforementioned type mainly work on the rotary valve or vane principle. The inlets and outlets are arranged stationary on the stator in such a way that a largely constant pressure or negative pressure is present on them. The use for gas refrigeration machines is therefore only possible to a limited extent.

So werden für regenerative Gaskältemaschinen, die nach dem Stirling- oder Giffort-McMahon-Prinzip arbeiten, überwiegend Kolbenpumpen eingesetzt.Piston pumps are predominantly used for regenerative gas refrigeration machines that work according to the Stirling or Giffort-McMahon principle.

Der Einsatz solcher regenerativer Gaskältemaschinen ist bis heute auf den kryogenen Temperaturbereich (<-100°C) beschränkt, weil im Bereich der höheren Temperaturen (100°C - O°C) die Konkurrenzfähigkeit gegenüber dem in diesem Temperaturbereich verbreitet angewandten Kaltdampfprinzip in Frage gestellt wird. Als Begründung wird der vergleichsweise hohe maschinentechnische Aufwand regenerativer Gaskältemaschinen angeführt.The use of such regenerative gas refrigeration machines is still limited to the cryogenic temperature range (<-100 ° C) because in the higher temperature range (100 ° C - 0 ° C) the competitiveness against the cold steam principle widely used in this temperature range is questioned . The reason for this is the comparatively high mechanical engineering expenditure of regenerative gas refrigeration machines.

Das Maschinenschema einer Gaskältemaschine, die nach dem Stirling Prinzip arbeitet, ist in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt.The machine diagram of a gas refrigeration machine that works according to the Stirling principle is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Es besteht aus dem Kompressor 1, einem Verdrängerkolben 2, einem wärmeabgebenden Wärmetauschers 3, einem Regenerator 4 und einem wärmeaufnehmenden Wärmetauschers 5. Der Verdrängerkolben 2 trennt den Zylinder 6 in den Kaltraum 7 und den Warmraum 8. Entsprechend FIG. 1 stehen die Komponenten über einen Gaskanal miteinander in Verbindung, der, wie auch die Arbeitsräume, mit einem gasförmigen Medium, dem sogenannten Arbeitsgas gefüllt ist. Zur Realisierung des kälteerzeugenden Kreisprozesses müssen Kompressorkolben 1 und Verdrängerkolben 2 in einen koordinierte Bewegung versetzt werden, wobei aufgrund technischer Randbedingungen in der Regel harmonische Bewegungen gewählt werden und der Phasenversatz in den Bewegungsabläufen der beiden Kolben ein Viertel eines Zyklus beträgt, wie FIG. 2 zeigt. Hier ist der zeitliche Verlauf des Kompressionsraums (Kurve 9), des Kaltraums (Kurve 11) und des Warmraums (Kurve (10) dargestellt.It consists of the compressor 1, a displacer 2, a heat-dissipating heat exchanger 3, a regenerator 4 and a heat-absorbing heat exchanger 5. The displacer 2 separates the cylinder 6 into the cold room 7 and the warm room 8. According to FIG. 1, the components are connected to each other via a gas channel, which, like the work rooms, is filled with a gaseous medium, the so-called working gas. In order to implement the refrigeration cycle, compressor piston 1 and displacement piston 2 must be set in a coordinated movement, whereby harmonious movements are generally selected due to technical constraints and the phase shift in the movement sequences of the two pistons is a quarter of a cycle, as shown in FIG. 2 shows. The time course of the compression space (curve 9), the cold space (curve 11) and the warm space (curve (10)) is shown here.

Der mechanische Antrieb der Kolben erfolgt bei den herkömmlichen Bauarten über einen relativ aufwendigen Kurbelmechanismus und eine gemeinsame Antriebswelle.In conventional designs, the pistons are mechanically driven via a relatively complex crank mechanism and a common drive shaft.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde einen neuartigen Rotationskompressor oder -verdränger der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der bei einfacher Bauart verbesserte Druckverhältnisse zu erzielen gestattet und der insbesondere eine Verwendung als regenerative Gaskältemaschine ermöglicht.The present invention has for its object to provide a novel rotary compressor or displacer of the type mentioned, which allows to achieve improved pressure ratios with a simple design and which in particular enables use as a regenerative gas refrigerator.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Gegenüber den bekannten Bauarten von regenerativen Gaskältemaschinen bietet der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Rotationskolbenverdränger bzw. -verdichter den Vorteil einer kompakten vibrationsarmen Bauweise.Compared to the known types of regenerative gas cooling machines, the use of the rotary piston displacer or compressor according to the invention offers the advantage of a compact, low-vibration design.

Ein weiterer und entscheidender Vorteil liegt im großen Oberflächen/Volumenverhältnis der Verdichter- bzw. Verdrängerräume. Es begünstigt, zusammen mit den intensiven Gasbewegungen in diesen Räumen, einen guten Wärmeaustausch mit der Statorwandung, so daß diese zusätzlich als Wärmetauscher dienen kann. Die für den Stirling-Prozeß idealen isothermen Zustandsänderungen können so eher angenähert werden.Another and decisive advantage lies in the large surface / volume ratio of the compressor or displacement rooms. Together with the intensive gas movements in these rooms, it favors a good heat exchange with the stator wall, so that it can also serve as a heat exchanger. The ideal isothermal changes in state for the Stirling process can thus be approximated.

Anhand der in den Figuren 3 bis 5 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5.

Die Maschine besteht aus einem Kompressor 12, einem warmen Verdränger 13 und einem kalten Verdränger 14, wobei alle drei Komponenten als Flügelzellen- oder Drehschieberpumpen ausgeführt und sinnvollerweise auf einer gemeinsamen Antriebswelle angeordnet sind.The machine consists of a compressor 12, a warm displacer 13 and a cold displacer 14, all three components being designed as vane pumps or rotary vane pumps and usefully arranged on a common drive shaft.

Die Darstellung in FIG. 3 und die folgende Beschreibung legen exemplarisch eine zweizellige Bauweise zugrunde, obwohl auch eine mehrzellige Bauweise möglich ist und auch sinnvoll sein kann.The representation in FIG. 3 and the following description are based on an example of a two-cell construction, although a multi-cell construction is also possible and can also be useful.

Der Kompressionsraum 15 ist über den Strömungskanal 16 mit der Leitung 18 verbunden. Die Leitung 18 führt über den Wärmetauscher 19 und den Strömungskanal 20 zum Warmraum 22. Eine weitere Verbindung führt über den Wärmetauscher 23, den Regenerator 24, den Wärmetauscher 25 und den Strömungskanal 26 zum Kaltraum 27.The compression space 15 is connected to the line 18 via the flow channel 16. The line 18 leads via the heat exchanger 19 and the flow channel 20 to the warm room 22. A further connection leads via the heat exchanger 23, the regenerator 24, the heat exchanger 25 and the flow channel 26 to the cold room 27.

Die in den jeweiligen Rotoren 17, 21, 28 angeordneten Strömungskanäle 16, 20, 26 werden jeweils so im Nabenbereich nach außen geführt, daß ein vom Drehwinkel unabhängiger Strömungsquerschnitt sichergestellt ist. Eine mögliche Kanalführung ist in FIG. 4 exemplarisch für den Kompressor 12 dargestellt.The flow channels 16, 20, 26 arranged in the respective rotors 17, 21, 28 are each guided to the outside in the hub area in such a way that a flow cross section which is independent of the angle of rotation is ensured. A possible channel guide is shown in FIG. 4 exemplarily shown for the compressor 12.

Bei einer synchronen Umdrehung der Rotoren 17, 21 und 28 wird dem Kompressionsraum 15, dem Warmraum 22 und dem kaltraum 27 jeweils eine Änderung aufgezwungen, deren zeitliche Verläufe den Kurven 9, 10 und 11 in FIG. 2 entsprechen. Die richtige Phasenlage von Kurve 10 bzw. 11 zu Kurve 9 ergibt sich aus der um 90° bzw. 270° versetzten Drehwinkellage der beiden Verdrängerrotoren 21 bzw. 28.With a synchronous rotation of the rotors 17, 21 and 28, the compression space 15, the warm space 22 and the cold space 27 are each forced to change, the time profiles of which are shown in curves 9, 10 and 11 in FIG. 2 correspond. The correct phase position from curve 10 or 11 to curve 9 results from the rotational angle position of the two displacement rotors 21 or 28, which is offset by 90 ° or 270 °.

Es bietet sich vorteilhaft an, die jeweils zweiten Zellen des Kompressors 12 und der beiden Verdränger 13 und 14 für einen zweiten Gaskältemaschinenprozeß, der analog aber um 180° phasenversetzt abläuft, zu nutzen. Die dafür notwendige Erweiterung der Anlage ist in FIG. 3 gestrichelt dargestellt, wobei die Komponenten mit "a" gekennzeichnet sind.It is advantageous to use the second cells of the compressor 12 and the two displacers 13 and 14 for a second gas cooling scheme machine process, which runs analog but 180 ° out of phase. The necessary expansion of the system is shown in FIG. 3 shown in dashed lines, the components being marked with "a".

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Rotationskolbenprinzip können auch Gaskältemaschinen, die nach dem Vuilleumierprinzip (einem erweiteren Stirlingprinzip) arbeiten, realisiert werden. Das Maschinenschema ist in FIG. 5 dargestellt.With the rotary piston principle according to the invention, gas refrigeration machines which operate according to the Vuilleumier principle (an extended Stirling principle) can also be implemented. The machine diagram is shown in FIG. 5 shown.

Anstelle des Kompressors 12 in FIG. 3 werden 2 Verdränger 29 und 30 in der erfindungsgemäßen Bauart eingesetzt, die zusammen mit den Wärmetauschern 31 und 31a, den Regeneratoren 32 und 32a und den Wärmetauschern 33 und 33a eine thermische Kompressoreinheit zur Erzeugung eines sinoidalen Druckverlaufs bilden und in der dargestellten Weise mit der bereits aus FIG. 3 bekannten Regenerator/Verdrängereinheit in Verbindung steht.Instead of the compressor 12 in FIG. 3, 2 displacers 29 and 30 are used in the design according to the invention, which together with the heat exchangers 31 and 31a, the regenerators 32 and 32a and the heat exchangers 33 and 33a form a thermal compressor unit for generating a sinusoidal pressure curve and in the manner shown with that already from FIG. 3 known regenerator / displacement unit is connected.

Die vier Verdränger 29, 30, 13 und 14 werden auch in diesem Fall sinnvollerweise auf einer gemeinsamen Antriebswelle angeordnet.In this case too, the four displacers 29, 30, 13 and 14 are expediently arranged on a common drive shaft.

Wegen des bereits genannten großen Oberflächen/Volumenverhältnisses der Verdichter- bzw.-Verdrängerräume kann auf die separaten Wärmetauscher 19, 19a, 23, 23a und 25, 25a bei der Maschine gemäß FIG. 3 sowie die Wärmetauscher 31, 31 a und 33, 33a bei der Maschine gemäß FIG. 5 teilweise oder ganz verzichtet werden, was den maschinentechnischen Aufwand noch weiter reduziert.Because of the large surface / volume ratio of the compressor or displacement spaces already mentioned, the separate heat exchangers 19, 19a, 23, 23a and 25, 25a in the machine according to FIG. 3 and the heat exchangers 31, 31 a and 33, 33 a in the machine according to FIG. 5 can be partially or completely dispensed with, which further reduces the mechanical expenditure.

Durch die Anordnung der Warmräume 22, 22a und der Kalträume 27, 27a in jeweils eigenen, dem Temperaturniveau zugeordneten Verdrängern 13 und 14 werden Temperaturwechselverluste minimiert.By arranging the warm rooms 22, 22a and the cold rooms 27, 27a in their own displacers 13 and 14 assigned to the temperature level, temperature change losses are minimized.

Claims (6)

1. Rotationskompressor oder -verdränger mit einem Stator, der Arbeitsräume einschließt und Lager für eine Antriebswelle aufweist, auf der ein Rotor nach dem Drehschieber- oder Flügelprinzip befestigt ist, wobei der Rotor so ausgebildet ist, daß der Arbeitsraum in wenigstens zwei Zellen aufgeteilt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellen über jeweils einen im Rotor ortsfest angeordneten Strömungskanal, der im Lagerbereich nach außen geführt ist, mit einem am Stator ortsfest angeordneten Ein- bzw. Auslaß verbunden ist.1. Rotary compressor or displacer with a stator, which includes working spaces and has bearings for a drive shaft, on which a rotor is attached according to the rotary slide or vane principle, the rotor being designed such that the working space is divided into at least two cells, characterized in that the cells are each connected via a flow channel which is arranged in the rotor in a stationary manner and which is guided outwards in the storage area, to an inlet or outlet arranged in a stationary manner on the stator. 2. Rotationskompressor oder -verdränger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stator einen in dessen Wandung integrierten Warmetauscher aufweist und die den Arbeitsraum bildende Innenwandung des Stators gleichzeitig die innere Austauschfläche des Wärmetauschers darstellt.2. Rotary compressor or displacer according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator has a heat exchanger integrated in the wall thereof and the inner wall of the stator forming the working space simultaneously represents the inner exchange surface of the heat exchanger. 3. Verwendung eines Rotationskompressors oder -verdrängers nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2 als Gaskältemaschine nach dem Stirlingprinzip zur Erzeugung einer sinoidalen Veränderung von Kompressionsraum, Warmraum und Kaltraum.3. Use of a rotary compressor or displacer according to claim 1 or claim 2 as a gas refrigerator according to the Stirling principle for generating a sinoid change in the compression space, warm space and cold space. 4. Gaskältemaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein Rotationskompressor und ein Rotationsverdänger auf einer gemeinsamen Anstriebswelle angeordnet sind.4. Gas refrigeration machine according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one rotary compressor and a rotary extender are arranged on a common drive shaft. 5. Verwendung eines Rotationsverdrängers nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2 als Gaskältemaschine nach dem Vuilleumierprinzips zur Erzeugung einer sinoidalen Änderung des Systemdrucks, des Warmraums und des Kaltraums.5. Use of a rotary displacer according to claim 1 or claim 2 as a gas refrigerator according to the Vuilleumier principle for generating a sinoid change in the system pressure, the warm room and the cold room. 6. Gaskältemaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Rotationsverdränger auf einer gemeinsamen Antriebswelle angeordnet sind.6. Gas refrigerator according to claim 5, characterized in that at least two rotary displacers are arranged on a common drive shaft.
EP93117766A 1992-11-12 1993-11-03 Rotary compressor Withdrawn EP0597367A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4238166 1992-11-12
DE4238166A DE4238166A1 (en) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Rotary compressor or displacer

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DE4238166A1 (en) 1994-05-19

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