EP1916412B1 - Actuator with fluid isolation - Google Patents
Actuator with fluid isolation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1916412B1 EP1916412B1 EP07115156A EP07115156A EP1916412B1 EP 1916412 B1 EP1916412 B1 EP 1916412B1 EP 07115156 A EP07115156 A EP 07115156A EP 07115156 A EP07115156 A EP 07115156A EP 1916412 B1 EP1916412 B1 EP 1916412B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- chamber
- fuel injector
- pressure
- coupler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
- F02M2200/707—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for avoiding fuel contact with actuators, e.g. isolating actuators by using bellows or diaphragms
Definitions
- piezo elements for driving mechanical or hydraulic control members or valves.
- Piezo actuators are increasingly being used, in particular, for driving and actuating injection valves for fuel injection in direct-injection internal combustion engines.
- Directly controlled systems appear particularly advantageous since they react very quickly and allow multiple injections of fuel at short intervals during a combustion cycle. Multiple injections prove to be advantageous in terms of noise comfort and exhaust gas quality.
- directly controlled fuel injectors the medium to be injected, i.e., the medium to be injected, surrounds. as a rule, the fuel, the injector actuated actuator. In this context is also spoken by a "wet actor".
- the piezoelectric actuator used is to be isolated from the medium to be injected.
- the isolation of the actuator module against the medium to be injected is carried out by a coating applied to the actuator in the form of a shrink tube or by elaborately applied coatings.
- a thus applied to a piezoelectric insulation proves to be problematic, especially at high system pressures, which can be more than 1600 bar, on the one hand in terms of cost and on the other hand, with respect to the achievable durability.
- the need to improve the exhaust gas quality direct injection internal combustion engines by further increasing the injection pressures exacerbated this problem.
- Another problem area with respect to the fuel injectors in question represent hydraulic pressure oscillations, in the medium to be injected, usually Fuel caused by rapid opening and fast closing of the injection valve member.
- these pressure oscillations are to be damped by sufficiently large volumes of fluid within the fuel injector serving as buffer spaces, ie as damper chambers.
- the actuator surrounding the fuel injector from the medium to be injected and to accommodate the actuator, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, in a durable manner within the fuel injector.
- an elastic membrane which is arranged in the fuel injector between a holding body and an actuator module. Between the holding body and the coupler module is at least one elastically formed membrane, which is made of a material having elastic properties such as rubber and a fuel-resistant material and allows a certain elongation.
- the elastic membrane comprises at least one metallic sealing disc.
- the function of the membrane used according to the invention is to separate an electrically insulating liquid which is located within an actuator chamber from an electrically conductive medium, in particular into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be injected fuel.
- the use of at least one sealing disk and the generation of a corresponding axial force F AX acting in the axial direction ensures that neither the medium to be injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine nor the insulating liquid can escape through parting lines.
- Another sealing disc which is braced for example by means of a screw thread between the head region of the actuator and a coupler, which is used for translation reasons of Aktorhubes, is prevented that takes place via a bore fluid exchange
- the elastic material which is connected to the at least one sealing disc via a positive connection or connected by means of other manufacturing processes with the sealing disks, also prevents a fluid exchange.
- the identity of the enumerated pressure levels is necessary to ensure the function of the piezoelectric actuator under high-pressure conditions and to significantly reduce pressure oscillations via the connection of the additional volume v actuator space present in the actuator chamber.
- For the construction of the integration of an inlet bore in the holding body is required so that the actuator chamber, which receives the additional volume, is placed centrally to the axis of the fuel injector.
- the electrically insulating medium is filled after assembly of the fuel injector and before its first pressurization in the high-pressure chamber and after filling the actuator chamber of the filler neck is closed.
- a high pressure storage body common rail
- both by the Holding body of the fuel injector can be executed extending and can be designed such that the high-pressure supply line opens directly into a high-pressure chamber within a nozzle module of the fuel injector, in which a preferably needle-shaped injection valve member is movably received in the variable direction.
- FIG. 1 The representation according to FIG. 1 the main components of a fuel injector proposed according to the invention can be seen in a schematic manner.
- FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector 10, which includes a nozzle module 12, a coupler module 14 and a holding body 16.
- a preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is housed, which is designed symmetrically to its axis 80.
- the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 closes at least one injection opening formed on the combustion chamber end of the nozzle module 12 of the fuel injector 10.
- a piezoelectric actuator 46 which has an actuator base 44 and an actuator head 48.
- the cavity surrounding the piezoelectric actuator 46 within the holding body 16 is connected via a filler neck 50 with a in FIG. 1 not shown electrically insulating fluid 62 can be filled.
- the piezoelectric actuator 46 is constructed symmetrically to its axis 82. From the illustration according to FIG. 1 shows that the piezoelectric actuator 46 is arranged centrally with respect to the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18, as in connection with the description of Figures 2 and 3 will be explained in more detail.
- FIG. 1 is removable, the piezoelectric actuator 46 within the holding body 16 enclosing cavity from the high-pressure region in the nozzle module 12 and the coupler module 14 via a membrane element pressure and fluid-tight manner.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the inventively proposed fuel injector with a membrane element which separates an actuator chamber against a high-pressure region of the fuel injector.
- FIG. 2 can be seen that the fuel injector 10 in connection with FIG. 1 already mentioned components nozzle module 12, coupler module 14 and actuator module 16 includes.
- the nozzle module 12 the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is received, which is enclosed by a nozzle spring 20.
- the nozzle spring 20 is supported on the circumference of the needle-shaped injection valve member 18 and acts on a control sleeve 22 which limits a control chamber 30.
- the control sleeve 22 is employed at a lower plan side of a throttle plate 24.
- the throttle plate 24 is received between the nozzle module 12 and the coupler module 14.
- the throttle plate 24 includes a supply bore 26 which hydraulically connects a high pressure chamber 64 of the nozzle module 12 to a high pressure chamber 64 of the coupler module 14.
- a supply bore 26 which hydraulically connects a high pressure chamber 64 of the nozzle module 12 to a high pressure chamber 64 of the coupler module 14.
- an outlet throttle 28 located within the throttle plate 24, an outlet throttle 28, via which a control amount from the control chamber 30 can flow into a coupler chamber 32 of the coupler module 14.
- the coupler module 14 in turn comprises, in addition to the coupler space 32 which is delimited by a coupler sleeve 36, a coupler space 40 which is of piston-shaped design.
- the piston-shaped coupler 40 is acted upon by a coupler spring 38, which in turn is supported on an upper annular end face of the coupler sleeve 36.
- the piston-shaped coupler 40 comprises a bore 72.
- a coupler housing 34 of the coupler module 14 surrounds the piston-shaped coupler 40.
- the high-pressure chamber 64 of the coupler module 14 there is a pressure p HDR as well as in the coupler space 64 of the nozzle module 12 both high-pressure chambers 64 are hydraulically connected to one another via the supply bore 26 formed in the throttle plate 24.
- a high-pressure inlet 84 via which the pressure p RAIL prevailing in a high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) flows into the high-pressure chamber 64 of the coupler module 14, opens into the high-pressure space 64 formed in the coupler housing 34.
- the high-pressure chamber 64 of the coupler module 14 is separated from an actuator chamber 52 of an actuator module 42 by means of a membrane element 54.
- the membrane element 54 which in the illustration according to Figure 2.1 is shown in plan view, is clamped between an upper end face of the coupler housing 34 and a lower annular end face of the holding body 16.
- the piezoelectric actuator 46 which has an actuator base 44 and an actuator head 48.
- the actuator chamber 52 prevails a pressure p AR , further, the actuator chamber 52 is filled with an electrically insulating liquid 62, which over the in FIG. 1 shown filler neck into the actuator chamber 52 reaches until its complete filling.
- the axis 80 of the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is offset relative to one another by an eccentricity 76 with respect to the axis 82 of the piezoactuator 46 accommodated in the actuator module 42.
- the membrane element 54 comprises a first metallic sealing washer 56 and a second metallic sealing washer 58, which are particularly well in the illustration according to FIG Figure 2.1 are recognizable.
- the membrane element 54 separates the electrically insulating liquid 62 within the actuator chamber 52 from the high-pressure chamber 64, in which electrically conductive fuel is located.
- An axial force F AX presses the holding body 16 against the coupler housing 34 via the first sealing washer 56 made of metallic material and thus ensures that neither the electrically insulating liquid 62 leaves the actuator space 52 via the first parting line 66 nor the fuel from the high-pressure space 64 the second parting line 68 can escape.
- the internally arranged second sealing washer 58 which is clamped by means of the thread 70 between the actuator head 48 and the piston-shaped coupler 40, prevents a fluid exchange via the bore 72.
- the membrane unit 54 comprises in the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment between the externally arranged first sealing washer 56 and the innnennature second sealing washer 58, a portion of elastic material 60.
- the unit of membrane element 54, first sealing washer 56 of metallic material and second sealing washer 58 of metallic material on the one hand prevents the fluid exchange between the actuator chamber 52 and the high-pressure space 64, on the other hand, however, the current hydraulic pressure of the fuel in the high pressure chamber 64 unattenuated on the insulating liquid 62, which is located within the actuator chamber 52 filling this, on.
- This pressure balance ensures the function of the piezoelectric actuator 46 under high-pressure conditions and provides via the hydraulic coupling of the actuator chamber 52 to the high-pressure chamber 64 additional damping volume for damping pressure pulsations in the high-pressure chamber 64.
- Figure 2.1 illustrates that the membrane element 54 has a bore 72 in the piston-shaped coupler 40 enclosing the second sealing ring 58, whose diameter is designated d 1 .
- This is followed by the annular portion of elastic material 60, which is attached to an inner side of the first metallic sealing washer 56 of the membrane element 54.
- the outer diameter of the region of elastic material 60 is denoted by d 2 .
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the present invention proposed fuel injector whose actuator space is separated from a high-pressure chamber via a membrane element.
- FIG. 3 shows that analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 from the high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) of the high-pressure inlet 84 passes through the fuel injector 10, opens into the throttle plate 24 and this pressurizes the high-pressure chamber 64 of the nozzle module 12 with system pressure p RAIL , so that in the high-pressure chamber 64 of the nozzle module 12, the pressure p HDR , which corresponds to the pressure p RAIL prevails.
- the actuator chamber 52 of the actuator module 42 from the high-pressure chamber 64, which is located within the coupler housing 34 of the coupler module 14, by means of the membrane element 54th is disconnected.
- the disk-shaped membrane element 54 is clamped on the one hand between the actuator module 42 and the coupler housing 34 and on the other hand between the actuator head 48 and an upper annular surface of the piston-shaped coupler 40th
- the membrane element 54 comprises the first metallic sealing washer 56 and the second metallic sealing washer 48
- the electrically insulating liquid 62 accommodated in the actuator chamber 52 flows via a channel extending inside the actuator head 48 in a space above the elastic material 60. This space is bounded on one side by the plane surface of the actuator head 48 and on the other hand by the elastic material 60. Below the elastic material 60 of the membrane element 54 extends within the piston-shaped coupler 40 a compensation chamber 74.
- the piston-shaped coupler 40 is acted upon by the coupler spring 38, which in turn is supported on the coupler sleeve 36.
- the coupler sleeve 36 is mounted on an upper plan side of the throttle plate 24 and limits the coupler space 32.
- the coupler space 32 communicates with the control chamber 30 which is formed in the nozzle module 12, via the throttle bore 28 in the throttle plate 24 hydraulically connected.
- the nozzle module 12 comprises analogous to in FIG. 2 shown first embodiment of the present invention proposed fuel injector 10, the high pressure chamber 64 in which the pressure p HDR prevails, the system pressure p RAIL , which prevails in the high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) corresponds.
- the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is also included, whose axis is designated by reference numeral 80.
- the needle-shaped injection valve member 18 with respect to the piezoelectric actuator 46 whose axis is designated by reference numeral 82, arranged with eccentricity 76.
- the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle module 12 arranged injection openings 86 free as soon as a pressure relief of the control chamber 30 via the throttle bore 28 in the coupling chamber 32 and closes it, as soon as the needle-shaped injection valve member 18 preferably when pressurizing the control chamber 30 again is placed in his seat.
- the membrane element 54 comprises a formed in diameter d 1 portion of elastic material 60 which is surrounded by the second metallic sealing ring 58. This is in turn connected via a further portion of elastic material with the first metallic sealing ring 56. Through the first metallic sealing ring 56, the high-pressure inlet 84 extends.
- the connection to the membrane element 54 must preferably be made by means of a production process, such as welding or soldering, by means of a material fit.
- Embodiments of the present invention proposed fuel injector are shown in which the piezoelectric actuator and the needle-shaped preferably injection-molded injection member are arranged centrally and the high pressure supply is connected to the nozzle module of the fuel injector.
- FIG. 4 shows a variant of the inventively proposed fuel injector 10, in which the piezoelectric actuator 46 is arranged with its axis 82 centric to the axis 80 of the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18.
- the actuator module 42 and the nozzle module 12 are connected to each other via a union nut.
- the nozzle module 12 is analogous to the nozzle module 12 of the embodiments according to the Figures 2 and 3 built up.
- the throttle plate 24 Between the nozzle module 12 and the actuator module 42 is the throttle plate 24, the throttle bore 28 connects the coupler chamber 32 and the control chamber 30 hydraulically with each other.
- the diaphragm 54 is clamped with its first metallic sealing washer 56 and between the actuator module 42 and the throttle plate 24.
- the second metallic sealing washer 58 of the diaphragm 54 which is connected to the first metallic washer 56 via the elastic material 60, is set against the underside of the piston-shaped coupler 40 via the coupler spring 38.
- the elastic material 60 separates the actuator space 52 filled with the electrically insulating liquid 62 from the high-pressure space 64 within the elastic material 60 of the membrane 54.
- the piston-shaped coupler 40 is formed so that this bulged in different geometries compensation space 74, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 implied, includes.
- This compensation chamber 74 communicates hydraulically with the area bounded by the elastic material 60 within the membrane element 54 via at least one compensation bore 88 which extends through the material of the piston-shaped coupler 40, so that in comparison to the in Figures 2 and 3 illustrated embodiments, a larger volume to compensate for pressure pulsations as damping volume is available.
- the high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) extending high-pressure line 84 extends to the nozzle module 12 and opens into the high pressure chamber 64 in which the pressure p HDR prevails, which corresponds to the system pressure p RAIL .
- the representation according to FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of the inventively proposed fuel injector refer to are arranged in the piezoelectric actuator and preferably needle-shaped injection valve member centrally with respect to each other.
- the fuel injector 10 includes the nozzle module 12, in the analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 4 the high-pressure inlet 84 from the high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) opens.
- the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 whose axis is designated by reference numeral 80. If this is placed in its seat, injection openings 86 formed on the combustion-chamber-side end of the nozzle module 12 are closed.
- the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member 18 is the nozzle spring 20, which adjusts a control sleeve 22 which limits the control chamber 30 to the underside of the throttle plate 24.
- a control sleeve 22 which limits the control chamber 30 to the underside of the throttle plate 24.
- Through the throttle plate 24 extends a supply bore 26, via which the pressure p HDR , which prevails in the high-pressure chamber 64 of the nozzle module 12 in the hydraulic space, which is separated from the membrane element 54 against the actuator chamber 52, is transmitted.
- the membrane element 54 which comprises a region of elastic material 60, the first metallic sealing washer 56 and the second metallic sealing washer 58, the actuator chamber 52 of the actuator module 42, in which the electrically insulating liquid 62 is received, from the high-pressure chamber 64 of the fuel injector 10 separated.
- FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment of the inventively proposed fuel injector 10 the piston-shaped coupler 40. This is acted upon by a coupler spring 38 which is supported on the coupler sleeve 36.
- the pressure within the actuator chamber 52 designated by p AR , essentially corresponds to the pressure p HDR prevailing in the high-pressure chamber 64, which in turn corresponds to the system pressure p RAIL .
- the first metallic sealing ring 56 of the membrane element 54 is clamped between the piezoactuator 46 and the upper end face of the throttle plate 24, forming the first and the second sealing joint 66 and 68, respectively.
- the actuator chamber 52 is stored in the electrically insulating liquid 62 and separated from the pressurizable with system pressure spaces 64, 30 and 32 by the elastic 60 of the elastic membrane element 54.
- the longitudinal axis 82 of the piezoelectric actuator 46 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 10.
- the further elastic membrane element 101 is omitted. This favors a cheaper production of in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment of the present invention proposed fuel injector 10th
- FIG. 5 goes further, that the needle-shaped injection valve member 18 nozzle spring 20, the control sleeve 22, which limits the control chamber 30, hires on the underside of the throttle plate 24.
- the pressure chamber 64 is acted upon by the high-pressure inlet 84, which extends from the high-pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail), with system pressure p HDR, which corresponds to the prevailing in the high pressure accumulator body 78 (common rail) pressure p RAIL .
- the coupler sleeve 36 is employed, which is acted upon by the coupler spring 38.
- the first metallic sealing washer 56 on the outer circumference of the elastic membrane element 54 is clamped between the actuator module 42 and the throttle plate 24, so that a first parting line 66 and a second parting line 68 form, which constitute the clamping point of the elastic membrane element 54.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist bekannt, Piezo-Elemente zum Antrieb mechanischer oder hydraulischer Steuerglieder oder Ventile einzusetzen. Insbesondere zum Antrieb und Betätigen von Einspritzventilen zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung bei direkt einspritzenden Verbrennungskraftmaschinen finden Piezo-Aktoren zunehmend Verwendung. Besonders vorteilhaft erscheinen direkt gesteuerte Systeme, da diese sehr schnell reagieren und das mehrfache Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in kurzen zeitlichen Abständen während eines Verbrennungstaktes erlauben. Mehrfacheinspritzungen erweisen sich in Bezug auf Geräuschkomfort und Abgasqualität als vorteilhaft. Bei direkt gesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen umgibt das einzuspritzende Medium, d.h. im Regelfall der Kraftstoff, den das Einspritzventil betätigenden Aktor. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch von einem "nassen Aktor" gesprochen.It is known to use piezo elements for driving mechanical or hydraulic control members or valves. Piezo actuators are increasingly being used, in particular, for driving and actuating injection valves for fuel injection in direct-injection internal combustion engines. Directly controlled systems appear particularly advantageous since they react very quickly and allow multiple injections of fuel at short intervals during a combustion cycle. Multiple injections prove to be advantageous in terms of noise comfort and exhaust gas quality. In directly controlled fuel injectors, the medium to be injected, i.e., the medium to be injected, surrounds. as a rule, the fuel, the injector actuated actuator. In this context is also spoken by a "wet actor".
Da einzuspritzende Medien, wie zum Beispiel Dieselkraftstoff teilweise elektrisch leitend sind und korrosive Eigenschaften haben können, ist das eingesetzte Piezoaktormodul gegenüber dem einzuspritzenden Medium zu isolieren. Im Stand der Technik erfolgt die Isolierung des Aktormoduls gegen das einzuspritzende Medium durch einen auf den Aktor aufgebrachten Überzug in Gestalt eines Schrumpfschlauches oder durch aufwändig aufgebrachte Beschichtungen.Since injected media, such as diesel fuel are partially electrically conductive and may have corrosive properties, the piezoelectric actuator used is to be isolated from the medium to be injected. In the prior art, the isolation of the actuator module against the medium to be injected is carried out by a coating applied to the actuator in the form of a shrink tube or by elaborately applied coatings.
Eine dergestalt auf einen Piezoaktor aufgebrachte Isolierung erweist sich insbesondere bei hohen Systemdrücken, die mehr als 1600 bar betragen können, als problematisch einerseits bezüglich der Kosten und andererseits bezüglich der erzielbaren Dauerhaltbarkeit. Die Notwendigkeit zur Verbesserung der Abgasqualität direkt einspritzender Verbrennungskraftmaschinen durch eine weitere Anhebung der Einspritzdrücke verschärft diese Problematik zusätzlich.A thus applied to a piezoelectric insulation proves to be problematic, especially at high system pressures, which can be more than 1600 bar, on the one hand in terms of cost and on the other hand, with respect to the achievable durability. The need to improve the exhaust gas quality direct injection internal combustion engines by further increasing the injection pressures exacerbated this problem.
Ein weiteres Problemfeld in Bezug auf die in Rede stehenden Kraftstoffinjektoren stellen hydraulische Druckschwingungen dar, die im einzuspritzenden Medium, in der Regel Kraftstoff, durch schnelles Öffnen und schnelles Schließen des Einspritzventilgliedes hervorgerufen werden. Damit diese auftretenden Druckschwingungen die einzuspritzende Kraftstoffmenge nicht unkontrolliert beeinflussen, was zu unerwünschten Abweichungen im Verbrennungsablauf und hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Abgasqualität führen kann, sind diese Druckschwingungen durch ausreichend große Flüssigkeitsvolumina innerhalb des Kraftstoffinjektors, die als Pufferräume, d.h. als Dämpferräume dienen, zu bedämpfen.Another problem area with respect to the fuel injectors in question represent hydraulic pressure oscillations, in the medium to be injected, usually Fuel caused by rapid opening and fast closing of the injection valve member. In order for these occurring pressure oscillations not uncontrollably influence the fuel quantity to be injected, which can lead to undesirable deviations in the combustion process and with regard to the achievable exhaust gas quality, these pressure oscillations are to be damped by sufficiently large volumes of fluid within the fuel injector serving as buffer spaces, ie as damper chambers.
Aus der
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, den innerhalb des Kraftstoffinjektors von dem einzuspritzenden Medium umgebenden Aktor gegen dieses abzudichten und den Aktor, insbesondere einen Piezoaktor, dauerhaltbar innerhalb des Kraftstoffinjektors unterzubringen. Dies wird durch eine elastische Membran erreicht, welche im Kraftstoffinjektor zwischen einem Haltekörper und einem Aktormodul angeordnet wird. Zwischen dem Haltekörper und dem Kopplermodul befindet sich zumindest eine elastisch ausgebildete Membran, welche aus einem elastischen Eigenschaften aufweisenden Material wie zum Beispiel Gummi und einem kraftstoffresistenten Werkstoff gefertigt ist und eine bestimmte Dehnung zulässt. Daneben umfasst die elastische Membran mindestens eine metallische Dichtscheibe.According to the invention, it is proposed to seal the actuator surrounding the fuel injector from the medium to be injected and to accommodate the actuator, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, in a durable manner within the fuel injector. This is achieved by an elastic membrane which is arranged in the fuel injector between a holding body and an actuator module. Between the holding body and the coupler module is at least one elastically formed membrane, which is made of a material having elastic properties such as rubber and a fuel-resistant material and allows a certain elongation. In addition, the elastic membrane comprises at least one metallic sealing disc.
Die Funktion der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Membran liegt darin, eine elektrisch isolierende Flüssigkeit welche sich innerhalb eines Aktorraumes befindet, von einem elektrisch leitfähigen Medium, insbesondere in den Brennraum der Verbrennungskraftmaschine einzuspritzenden Kraftstoff zu trennen. Durch den Einsatz mindestens einer Dichtscheibe und die Erzeugung einer entsprechenden in axiale Richtung wirkenden Axialkraft FAX wird gewährleistet, dans weder das in den Brennraum der Verbrennungskraftmaschine einzuspritzende Medium noch die isolierende Flüssigkeit durch Trennfugen austreten können. Eine weitere Dichtscheibe, welche zum Beispiel mittels eines Schraubengewindes zwischen dem Kopfbereich des Aktors und einem Koppler, der aus Übersetzungsgründen des Aktorhubes eingesetzt wird, verspannt ist, wird verhindert, dass über eine Bohrung ein Flüssigkeitsaustausch stattfindetThe function of the membrane used according to the invention is to separate an electrically insulating liquid which is located within an actuator chamber from an electrically conductive medium, in particular into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be injected fuel. The use of at least one sealing disk and the generation of a corresponding axial force F AX acting in the axial direction ensures that neither the medium to be injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine nor the insulating liquid can escape through parting lines. Another sealing disc, which is braced for example by means of a screw thread between the head region of the actuator and a coupler, which is used for translation reasons of Aktorhubes, is prevented that takes place via a bore fluid exchange
Das elastische Material, welches mit der mindestens einen Dichtscheibe über einen Formschluss verbunden ist oder mittels anderer Fertigungsverfahren mit den Dichtscheiben verbunden ist, verhindert ebenfalls einen Flüssigkeitsaustausch.The elastic material, which is connected to the at least one sealing disc via a positive connection or connected by means of other manufacturing processes with the sealing disks, also prevents a fluid exchange.
Das elastische Material ist in der Lage, den herrschenden Raildruck im PSYS im Hochdruckraum ungedämpft in den Aktorraum zu übertragen, so dass gilt pRAlL = pHochdrucraum = pAktorraum.The elastic material is capable of transferring the prevailing rail pressure in the high-pressure space in the high-pressure space in the P SYS into the actuator space so that p RAlL = p high-pressure chamber = p actuator space .
Die Identität der aufgezählten Druckniveaus ist notwendig, um die Funktion des Piezoaktors unter Hochdruckbedingungen zu gewährleisten und Druckschwingungen über die Anbindung des im Aktorraum vorliegenden Zusatzvolumens vAktorraum von Kraftstoff deutlich zu reduzieren. Für die Konstruktion ist die Integration einer Zulaufbohrung im Haltekörper erforderlich, so dass der Aktorraum, der das Zusatzvolumen aufnimmt, zentrisch zur Achse des Kraftstoffinjektors untergebracht wird.The identity of the enumerated pressure levels is necessary to ensure the function of the piezoelectric actuator under high-pressure conditions and to significantly reduce pressure oscillations via the connection of the additional volume v actuator space present in the actuator chamber. For the construction of the integration of an inlet bore in the holding body is required so that the actuator chamber, which receives the additional volume, is placed centrally to the axis of the fuel injector.
Über einen Einfüllstutzen wird nach der Montage des Kraftstoffinjektors und vor dessen erstmaliger Druckbeaufschlagung im Hochdruckraum das elektrisch isolierende Medium eingefüllt und nach vollständigem Befüllen des Aktorraumes wird der Einfüllstutzen verschlossen.About a filler neck, the electrically insulating medium is filled after assembly of the fuel injector and before its first pressurization in the high-pressure chamber and after filling the actuator chamber of the filler neck is closed.
Das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Membranelement umfasst mindestens einen vorzugsweise aus metallischem Material gefertigten Dichtring, wobei der Kraftstoffinjektor derart ausgebildet sein kann, dass von einem Hochdruckspeicherkörper (Common-Rail) die Systemdruckversorgung mit Systemdruck pSYS = pRAIL über eine Hochdruckleitung erfolgen kann, die sowohl durch den Haltekörper des Kraftstoffinjektors verlaufend ausgeführt sein kann als auch derart ausgeführt sein kann, dass die Hochdruckversorgungsleitung unmittelbar in einem Hochdruckraum innerhalb eines Düsenmoduls des Kraftstoffinjektors mündet, in dem ein bevorzugt nadelförmig ausgebildetes Einspritzventilglied in variabler Richtung bewegbar aufgenommen ist.The inventively proposed membrane element comprises at least one preferably made of metallic material sealing ring, wherein the fuel injector may be formed such that from a high pressure storage body (common rail), the system pressure supply system pressure p SYS = p RAIL can be done via a high pressure line, both by the Holding body of the fuel injector can be executed extending and can be designed such that the high-pressure supply line opens directly into a high-pressure chamber within a nozzle module of the fuel injector, in which a preferably needle-shaped injection valve member is movably received in the variable direction.
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachstehend eingehender beschrieben.With reference to the drawing, the invention will be described below in more detail.
Es zeigt:
- Figur 1
- die Hauptkomponenten eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kraftstoffinjektors,
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Darstellung wesentlicher Elemente des erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kraftstoffinjektors mit durch ein Membranelement vom einzuspritzenden Medium getrennten Aktorraum,
- Figur 2.1
- eine Draufsicht auf das Membranelement,
- Figur 3
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Kraftstoffinjektors mit einer alternativen Ausführungsvariante des Membranelementes und einer Exzentrizität zwischen dem bevorzugt nadelförmig ausgebildeten Einspritzventilglied und einem den Kraftstoffinjektor betätigenden Piezoaktor,
- Figur 3.1
- einen Schnitt durch das in der Ausführungsvariante gemäß
Figur 3 eingesetzte Membranelement, - Figur 4
- eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Kraftstoffinjektors mit zentrisch zueinander angeordnetem Piezoaktor und Einspritzventilglied und
- Figur 5
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Kraftstoffinjektors mit zentrischer Lage von Piezoaktor und Einspritzventilglied mit einer im Düsenmodul mündenden Hochdruckversorgung.
- FIG. 1
- the main components of a fuel injector designed according to the invention,
- FIG. 2
- a schematic representation of essential elements of the inventively designed fuel injector with separated by a membrane element from the medium to be injected actuator space,
- Figure 2.1
- a plan view of the membrane element,
- FIG. 3
- 2 shows a further embodiment variant of the fuel injector proposed according to the invention with an alternative embodiment variant of the membrane element and an eccentricity between the preferably needle-shaped injection valve member and a piezoactuator actuating the fuel injector,
- Figure 3.1
- a section through that in the embodiment according to
FIG. 3 inserted membrane element, - FIG. 4
- a variant of the present invention proposed fuel injector with centrally arranged piezoelectric actuator and injection valve member and
- FIG. 5
- a further embodiment of the inventively proposed fuel injector with centric position of the piezoelectric actuator and injection valve member with a high pressure supply opening in the nozzle module.
Der Darstellung gemäß
Das Kopplermodul 14 seinerseits umfasst neben dem Kopplerraum 32 der von einer Kopplerhülse 36 begrenzt ist, einen Kopplerraum 40, der kolbenförmig ausgebildet ist. Der kolbenförmig ausgebildete Koppler 40 ist von einer Kopplerfeder 38 beaufschlagt, die sich ihrerseits auf einer oberen, ringförmig ausgebildeten Stirnseite der Kopplerhülse 36 abstützt. Darüber hinaus umfasst der kolbenförmig ausgebildete Koppler 40 eine Bohrung 72. Wie bereits erwähnt, umschließt ein Kopplergehäuse 34 des Kopplermoduls 14 den kolbenförmig ausgebildeten Koppler 40. Im Hochdruckraum 64 des Kopplermoduls 14 herrscht ein Druck pHDR ebenso wie im Kopplerraum 64 des Düsenmoduls 12, da beide Hochdruckräume 64 über die in der Drosselplatte 24 ausgebildete Versorgungsbohrung 26 hydraulisch miteinander verbunden sind.The
In den im Kopplergehäuse 34 ausgebildeten Hochdruckraum 64 mündet ein Hochdruckzulauf 84, über den der in einem Hochdruckspeicherkörper 78 (Common-Rail) herrschende Druck pRAIL in den Hochdruckraum 64 des Kopplermoduls 14 geleitet wird.A high-
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Im Aktormodul 42 des Kraftstoffinjektors 10 befindet sich der Piezoaktor 46, der einen Aktorfuß 44 und einen Aktorkopf 48 aufweist. Im Aktorraum 52 herrscht ein Druck pAR, ferner ist der Aktorraum 52 mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Flüssigkeit 62 befüllt, welches über den in
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Das Membranelement 54 umfasst eine erste metallische Dichtscheibe 56 und eine zweite metallische Dichtscheibe 58, die besonders gut in der Darstellung gemäß
Das Membranelement 54 trennt die elektrisch isolierende Flüssigkeit 62 innerhalb des Aktorraumes 52 vom Hochdruckraum 64, in dem sich elektrisch leitfähiger Kraftstoff befindet. Eine Axialkraft FAX presst den Haltekörper 16 über die erste aus metallischem Material gefertigte Dichtscheibe 56 gegen das Kopplergehäuse 34 und gewährleistet damit, dass weder die elektrisch isolierende Flüssigkeit 62 aus dem Aktorraum 52 über die erste Trennfuge 66, noch der Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckraum 64 über die zweite Trennfuge 68 austreten kann. Die innenliegend angeordnete zweite Dichtscheibe 58, die über das Gewinde 70 zwischen dem Aktorkopf 48 und dem kolbenförmig ausgebildeten Koppler 40 eingespannt ist, verhindert einen Flüssigkeitsaustausch über die Bohrung 72.The
Die Membraneinheit 54 umfasst in der in
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Die im Aktorraum 52 aufgenommene elektrisch isolierende Flüssigkeit 62 strömt über einen Kanal, der innerhalb des Aktorkopfes 48 verläuft in einem Raum oberhalb des elastischen Materials 60. Dieser Raum ist einerseits durch die Planfläche des Aktorkopfes 48 und andererseits durch das elastische Material 60 begrenzt. Unterhalb des elastischen Materials 60 des Membranelementes 54 verläuft innerhalb des kolbenförmig ausgebildeten Kopplers 40 ein Ausgleichsraum 74. Analog zur in
Das Düsenmodul 12 umfasst analog zur in
Das bevorzugt nadelförmig ausgebildete Einspritzventilglied 18 gibt am brennraumseitigen Ende des Düsenmoduls 12 angeordnete Einspritzöffnungen 86 frei, sobald eine Druckentlastung des Steuerraumes 30 über die Drosselbohrung 28 in den Koppelraum 32 erfolgt und verschließt diese, sobald das bevorzugt nadelförmig ausgebildete Einspritzventilglied 18 bei Druckbeaufschlagung des Steuerraumes 30 wieder in seinen Sitz gestellt wird.The preferably needle-shaped
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
Während bei der in
In den
Der kolbenförmig ausgebildete Koppler 40 ist so ausgebildet, dass dieser einen in verschiedenen Geometrien ausgewölbten Ausgleichsraum 74, wie in der Ausführungsvariante gemäß
Der Vollständigkeit halber sei erwähnt, dass gemäß der in
Im Unterschied zu den in
Der Darstellung gemäß
Aus der in
Mittels des Membranelementes 54, welches einen Bereich mit elastischem Material 60, die erste metallische Dichtscheibe 56 sowie die zweite metallische Dichtscheibe 58 umfasst, wird der Aktorraum 52 des Aktormoduls 42, in dem die elektrisch isolierende Flüssigkeit 62 aufgenommen ist, von dem Hochdruckraum 64 des Kraftstoffinjektors 10 getrennt. Gemäß der in
Des Weiteren umfasst die in
In der in
Der Vollständigkeit halber sei erwähnt, dass der erste metallische Dichtring 56 des Membranelementes 54 zwischen dem Piezoaktor 46 und der oberen Stirnseite der Drosselplatte 24, die erste und die zweite Dichtfuge 66 bzw. 68 bildend, eingespannt ist. Bei der in
Aus
Claims (9)
- Fuel injector for injecting fuel at high pressure into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel injector (10) is actuated by a piezo actuator (44, 46, 48) which is arranged in the actuator chamber (52) which is subjected to fuel pressure, which piezo actuator activates a nozzle module (12) in which a preferably needle-shaped injection valve member (18) opens up or closes off at least one injection opening (86), characterized in that the actuator chamber (52) is filled with an electrically insulating liquid (62) and is separated from at least one fuel-conducting high-pressure chamber (64) by means of an elastic diaphragm element (54).
- Fuel injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that, by means of the elastic diaphragm element (54), the hydraulic pressure in the at least one high-pressure chamber (64) is transmitted without losses to the insulating liquid (62) stored in the actuator chamber (52).
- Fuel injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transmission of force from the piezo actuator (46) to the in particular needle-shaped injection valve member (18) takes place via a lift-boosting coupler module (14).
- Fuel injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the piezo actuator (46) is arranged with an eccentricity (76) with respect to the in particular needle-shaped injection valve member (18).
- Fuel injector according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in the case of the piezo actuator (46) being arranged with an eccentricity (76) in relation to the needle-shaped injection valve member (18), a high-pressure line (84) runs through parts (42, 34, 24) of the injector body of the fuel injector (10).
- Fuel injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the elastic diaphragm element (54) comprises at least one portion composed of elastic material (60) and at least one sealing ring (56, 58) produced from metallic material.
- Fuel injector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic diaphragm element (54) is clamped between parting lines (66, 68) either between an actuator module (42) and a coupler housing (34) or between an actuator module (42) and a throttle plate (24) at one side, and between an actuator base (44) of the piezo actuator (46) and a piston-shaped coupler (40) at the other side.
- Fuel injector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston-shaped coupler (40) comprises a compensating chamber (74) and is hydraulically connected via openings (88) to a high-pressure chamber (64) in the coupler housing (34) and/or to a high-pressure chamber (64) in the nozzle module (12) .
- Fuel injector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the throttle plate (24), there is provided at least one throttle bore (28) which hydraulically connects a control chamber (30) for actuating the in particular needle-shaped injection valve member (18) to a coupler chamber (32) of the coupler module (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006050165A DE102006050165A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2006-10-25 | Actuator with fluid insulation |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1916412A2 EP1916412A2 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
EP1916412A3 EP1916412A3 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
EP1916412B1 true EP1916412B1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
Family
ID=38980963
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07115156A Not-in-force EP1916412B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2007-08-29 | Actuator with fluid isolation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1916412B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE545778T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006050165A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007053426A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelectric actuator module |
DE102011084512A1 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hydraulic coupler |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10217594A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve for IC engines has throttle gap formed by Laser/erosion drilling, and positioned separate from guide gaps, for cheaper fabrication of gaps |
DE60304816T2 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2006-11-02 | Siemens Vdo Automotive S.P.A., Fauglia | Dosing device with dynamic seal |
JP4715097B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社デンソー | Piezoelectric actuator, method for manufacturing the same, and injector |
JP4554232B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Piezoelectric stack and method of manufacturing piezoelectric stack |
-
2006
- 2006-10-25 DE DE102006050165A patent/DE102006050165A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-08-29 AT AT07115156T patent/ATE545778T1/en active
- 2007-08-29 EP EP07115156A patent/EP1916412B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1916412A3 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
ATE545778T1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
DE102006050165A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
EP1916412A2 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
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