EP1909964B1 - Plastic tube for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device - Google Patents
Plastic tube for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1909964B1 EP1909964B1 EP06762439A EP06762439A EP1909964B1 EP 1909964 B1 EP1909964 B1 EP 1909964B1 EP 06762439 A EP06762439 A EP 06762439A EP 06762439 A EP06762439 A EP 06762439A EP 1909964 B1 EP1909964 B1 EP 1909964B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- wet electrostatic
- wet
- cleaning
- exhaust
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
- B03C3/64—Use of special materials other than liquids synthetic resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/51—Catch- space electrodes, e.g. slotted-box form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic pipe for wet electrostatic precipitator and a kit for an emission control system.
- wet electrostatic precipitators are preferably used for industrial waste gas purification, when dry exhaust gas cleaning is only possible to a limited extent and cooling and condensation of the waste gases are required for environmental reasons.
- wet electrostatic precipitators are used when solid particles in the exhaust gas stream are to be mixed with a liquid or when the recovery of solvent-containing substances is prescribed by legislation.
- gas scrubbers upstream or downstream of the wet electrostatic precipitator are so-called cyclone scrubbers, dynamic scrubbers or venturi scrubbers or rotary scrubbers or absorption scrubbers.
- the particles bound in the liquid are collected in a settling tank or a so-called thickening tank, and then the treated and clarified water is returned to the wet electrostatic precipitator.
- a settling tank or a so-called thickening tank By this cleaning process, microscopic particles smaller than 2 ⁇ m in size can be removed from the exhaust gas flow with high efficiency and the continuous water spraying reduces the particle deposition / accumulation on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitators.
- the exhaust gas separation performance of a wet electrostatic precipitator system is essentially determined by the physicochemical properties of the exhaust gas particles present in the exhaust gas stream, their composition and by the respective dielectric constants of the exhaust gas particles, ie their electrical behavior in the electric field.
- tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filters currently in use also permit the separation / separation of quasi-sticky, liquid or solid particles of different sizes from an exhaust gas flow.
- wet electrostatic precipitators high technical requirements in terms of chemical and thermal resistance and resistance to a high voltage field and thus possible electrical flashovers are made.
- bent PVC-coated sheets which are summarized to form hexagonal honeycomb structures, lined with plastic on the inside and dimensionally stable glued.
- these plastic PVC PVC pipes have strong combustion or hot spot areas.
- the residence time of the exhaust gas flow in the electric field of the wet electrostatic precipitator is an important reference, since the polarization and ionization probability of the exhaust gas flow is influenced by water / liquid molecules of the spray liquid oriented in the E field, even in a collision cascade.
- the outflow speed and the design of the exhaust gas purification line to a co-determining the efficiency of the cleaning system factor.
- the DE 533 849 A1 describes a wet electrostatic precipitator with a sprinkling path, wherein the distance between not sprinkled to be sprinkled electrodes is chosen so that caused by the E-field flashovers are to be avoided. This is ensured by appropriate spacing of the so-called support / support rods of the electrodes.
- From the DE 574 079 A1 takes a multi-stage wet electrostatic precipitator, consisting of a chamber, within this chamber cleaning stages are introduced, which are able to clean, for example, coke oven exhaust gases.
- the wet electrostatic precipitators are designed according to the publications metallic.
- the EP 0600011 A1 describes a wet electrostatic filter assembly consisting of a gas treatment line, a spray field, a funnel field, a liquid receiver and an extraction vessel.
- the liquid spray mist field and its spatial and temporal distribution within the exhaust gas purification section is attributed an essential cleaning contribution.
- the EP 0600011 A1 suggests this To produce a funnel-shaped spray field, wherein the industrial waste to be purified is subjected to a treatment with different liquids in successive and in series cleaning stages / sections.
- the entire spray field consists of different liquids or liquid mixtures, so that a fractional purification of the exhaust gas flow - adapted to the exhaust gas composition - is achieved.
- the physico-chemical reaction kinetics of different exhaust gas molecule compositions in the exhaust stream through the respective fluid is taken into account, the temporal probability of residence of the exhaust gases in the spray field - in conjunction with the different spray liquids - is crucial for the efficiency and separation efficiency of the emission control stage.
- the E-field is designed so that a group of electrodes - even with different potentials - builds up an electric field distribution along the exhaust gas purification path, thereby avoiding flashovers due to spatial differences in potential.
- a high sulfur oxide content located in the exhaust gas stream can significantly reduce the breakdown voltage of a wet electrostatic filter or a wet electrostatic filter device and thus ultimately the breakdown probability in the built-up E field depends on the concentrations of the exhaust gas composition. For example, if a high concentration of electrically highly polarizable components of exhaust gas - meaning exhaust components whose molecules have a high dipole or quadrupole moment - in the exhaust stream, the rollover probability with increasing electric field strength is higher and the efficiency of the emission control section is reduced in terms of achievable emission control quality ,
- the DE 299 20 576 U1 describes a wet electrostatic precipitator for separating sulfur oxides and sulfur-containing dusts, wherein a plurality of elongated and parallel filter cells - consisting of plastic tubes - is used, which are bundled or arranged in a honeycomb structure.
- the DE 299 24 343 U1 describes support collars for the bundle mounting of wet electrostatic filter tubes in selected and preferred storage sections that are attachable along the exhaust purification path.
- honeycomb hollow plastic body preferably polyolefins, which can be welded together very well to form the honeycomb structure for a wet electrostatic filter arrangement.
- Wet electrostatic filter assemblies are usually equipped with a series of vertical tubes through which the exhaust stream of an industrial plant to be cleaned flows. In the middle of the tube, electrodes are suspended or attached in such a way that particles in the exhaust gas flow are electrostatically charged.
- the polarized and charged exhaust particulates are attracted to the inner wall of the tube, in the sense of an electrostatic cylinder capacitor, with the inner surfaces constantly flushed with water and the exhaust gas containing water subsequently drained into a collection tank called a settling tank, thereby reducing particles to a size be removed from the exhaust stream of about 1 micron.
- the purified water is returned to the circulation, whereby a continuous interior wall wetting or mecanicwandberieselung the wet electrostatic precipitator takes place with the purified water.
- the quality of an emission control system is also characterized by the purification of particles in the exhaust gas stream with a size of less than one micron particle size.
- a high degree of separation or separation of pollutant particles contained in the exhaust stream advantageously and permanently determines the environmental impact of the respective emission control system and is to be seen in connection with the global exhaust gas reduction strategy.
- the exhaust gas carried from the dryer is cooled in a piping system by injecting water to the saturation point and then passes into a filter device, wherein the exhaust gas to be cleaned is expanded over the entire cross section. In the subsequent gas scrubber process, dust and gaseous organic compounds are separated.
- the pre-dried exhaust gas - so-called "dryer exhaust” - then flows into the wet electrostatic precipitator, which consists for example of different high voltage field arrangements and is equipped centrally with arranged in the wet electrostatic precipitator electrodes.
- the particles and aerosols still contained in the exhaust gas flow in this process are also negatively charged or polarized by the E-field and move along the field lines towards the honeycomb or tubular inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator, the surface cleaning by a periodic or continuous Wasserbe réelleung or Wasserbesprayung and thus particle removal experiences.
- the high-voltage system into, for example, two electric field areas with respective electric field zones, the water flushing of only one half of the inner surface of a wet electrostatic filter is possible.
- the exhaust gas flow is guided through a flap device via the respective wet electrostatic precipitator half in operation. This allows targeted sections of the interior surfaces of wet electrostatic precipitators to be cleaned of adsorbed particles during operation of the emission control system.
- the DE 10341980 A1 discloses a device for separating paint overspray from an overspray particle-containing air stream by means of at least one separation stage.
- This device should make it possible to sequentially overspray particles of different types of overspray, in particular different colors, sorted and able to detect.
- at least one separation stage has at least two particle collection areas, which can be arranged alternately in the flow path of the same subregion of the air stream containing the overspray particles.
- the device comprises at least one separating element with at least one particle collecting area and at least one cleaning device for cleaning particles from the at least one separating element.
- This cleaning device can be designed, for example, as a wet cleaning device.
- the cleaning device comprises a cleaning container which is filled with a cleaning bath of water and / or of a solvent.
- the sieve passes through the cleaning bath, so that by passing the sieve through the cleaning bath, the overspray particles adhering to the sieve are detached from the sieve by the liquid cleaning agent of the cleaning bath.
- the cleaning action of the cleaning bath is mechanical by means of rotating brushes and cleaning nozzles arranged in the cleaning bath, which generate a stream of the liquid cleaning agent directed transversely to the main surfaces of the sieve through the sieve and are arranged on the opposite side of the sieve from each of the rotating brushes supported.
- the disadvantage is that in the described method in operation additional maintenance and cleaning incurred, which are caused by large-scale particle agglomerations on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator of an emission control system and must be partially removed manually.
- the object of the invention is to provide a tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter, in which a particle agglomeration and deposition is reduced in the long-term operation of the exhaust gas purification system, the electric field stabilized and electrical flashovers are prevented.
- an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer on the wet electrostatic filter inside.
- the tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter is coated on its inside.
- This layer can also consist of a multi-layer / multi-layer layer sequence - in the sense of a sandwich layer - of different coatings and with an anti-adhesion coating applied thereto and with matched dielectric values or volume resistance values.
- the matching of the dielectric values of the applied coating materials on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator advantageously results in electric field stabilization at high exhaust gas volume flow rates and at different polar exhaust particles, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the particles to be filtered out of the exhaust gas flow.
- the electroconductive non-stick coating or non-stick layer may also be applied as a sandwich-like layer on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic filter. For this it is necessary to make an adjustment of the materials and fillers and the resulting dielectric constant. It was further recognized that the electric field behavior is improved by a gradient in the filler composition, starting from the inner and the exhaust gas flow directly facing electrically conductive anti-stick layer coating, toward the base body of the tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter. By this measure, electrical breakdowns or flashovers Advantageously avoided during operation of the wet electrostatic filter system at high electric field strengths.
- plastic material for the electrically conductive non-stick coating or layer polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polystyrene (PS) having a filler content of 5 to 35% by weight of carbon black are used according to the invention, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) having a filler content from 5 to 35% by weight of carbon black and / or polyoxymethylene (POM) having a filler content of from 5 up to 35% by weight of carbon black.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- POM polyoxymethylene
- polyamide compounds such as PA 66 with a filler content of 5 to 20% by weight with metal fibers and a metal fiber length of 0.01 mm to 5 mm also suitable.
- PA polyamide compounds
- PC polycarbonates
- Metal fibers consisting of steel and / or copper and / or lead and / or brass as well as non-ferrous metal compounds with the mentioned metal fiber lengths can be used as fiber-containing fillers.
- fillers consisting of carbon-containing fibers with a filler content of 10 to 40% by weight can also be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEI polyetherimide
- the filler content of the electrically conductive polymeric inner layers of the wet electrostatic precipitators is adjusted to specific volume resistivity values in the range of 7 to 10 -2 ⁇ cm.
- the so-coated and filler-containing tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic precipitators showed in experiments that exhaust gas particles in the size of 0.3 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m can be easily separated or cleaned from the exhaust gas flow.
- the P are thus substantially increased within an exhaust gas purification plant and particles are filtered with a size of less than 1 micron from the exhaust stream.
- the geometric arrangement / design of the electrical conductors to form the E-field within the wet electrostatic filter is known to affect only slightly the P
- Due to the adjusted filler gradient in the respective electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer - even in a multilayer (sandwich) layer structure - is advantageously achieved that an adjustment of the dielectric ratios (ie dielectric: exhaust gas composition, liquid and wet electrostatic precipitator) with the coated, honeycomb or tubular inner surface of a Wet electrostatic filter is created.
- the dielectric thus becomes adjustable and leads to a homogeneous electric field line stability of the wet electrostatic filters during operation.
- temporal exhaust flow behavior - caused by, for example, pulsating exhaust gas flows in the quasi-stationary flow area - requires the improvement of the stability and density of the E-field for effective particle cleaning in the exhaust stream.
- the invention further teaches to use a tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter bundle - hereinafter referred to as a kit - consisting of a plurality of tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filters according to claim 2.
- Conceivable are tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter kits, which are composed of, for example, alternating, electrically conductive non-stick coating materials and filler contents. This can be adapted to the exhaust gas to be cleaned in the exhaust stream, achieve an optimized cleaning arrangement by means of the wet electrostatic precipitator.
- the wet electrostatic precipitators within a tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter assembly along the exhaust gas flow direction may consist in sections of different filler contents and polymeric materials, so that the exhaust gas purification of different flue gas particles in the flue gas - In the sense of a selective filter section - along the inner surface of the wet electrostatic filter takes place.
- An exhaust gas purification system for improving the exhaust gas particulate removal from industrial waste gases therefore consists of at least two wet electrostatic filter kits, whereby several wet electrostatic filter kits can be arranged one behind the other within the exhaust gas purification system - in the sense of an exhaust gas purification section or can be arranged parallel to one another in the upstream directional division of the exhaust gas flow.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b show a schematic representation of a tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter (1 a, 1 b) coated with only an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b), which on the wet electrostatic filter inside (3a, 3b) is applied by co-extrusion and each in an exhaust gas stream (G) of an emission control system (A) not shown is located.
- the wet electrostatic filter (1a, 1b) is at a negative potential in relation to an electrode, likewise not shown further, but arranged in the interior of the wet electrostatic filter, which may be for example a spray or rod-shaped electrode and forms an E-field (E).
- An adaptation of the material and filler-related dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) of the wet electrostatic filter inner surface (3a, 3b) to the dielectric: exhaust gas and irrigation fluid is achieved by at least one electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer or anti-adhesion coating (2a, 2b), so that flashovers as a result of particle deposits on the Interior surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator are avoided and at the same time an improved purification of the industrial exhaust gases (G) in the particle size range of 1 .mu.m to 0.3 .mu.m.
- a plastic material such as polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polystyrene (PS) with a carbon black-containing filler content (5) of 5 to 35% by weight is used to produce the electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) and a PVC and / or polyoxymethylene (POM) having a filler content of from 5 up to 35% by weight of carbon black.
- plastic materials such as polyamide compounds (PA, PA66) having a filler content (5) of 5 to 20% of metal fibers are usable for forming the electroconductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b).
- the metal fiber lengths shown in detail in none of the figures are in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm. It has been found that polycarbonates (PC) having metal fiber contents of 5 to 20% by weight can also be used as filler (5) to form the electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b).
- the metal fibers consist of steel and / or copper and / or lead and / or brass as well as non-ferrous metal compounds. Also, foamed metal compounds are conceivable in the anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b) of a non-inventive wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b) made by the coextrusion process.
- carbonaceous fibers having a filler content (5) of 10 to 40% by weight have also been incorporated in a polycarbonate (PC) and / or polyamide compound (PA) anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b) for improving the dielectric ratios in the wet electrostatic precipitator (US Pat. 1 a, 1 b) introduced and examined.
- PC polycarbonate
- PA polyamide compound
- Plastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and / or polyetherimide (PEI) have also been used with carbonaceous fiber components to provide the electrically conductive non-stick layer / coating (2a, 2b) a filler content (5) of 30 to 40% was found to be advantageous.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEI polyetherimide
- Figure 1c and 1d show a schematic representation of a tubular (1 a) or a honeycomb (1 b) wet electrostatic filter having a multilayer structure and coated in this embodiment with, for example, three electrically conductive anti-adhesion layers (2a, 2b) on the wet electro-filter inside (3a, 3b) in the Co -Extrusions vide are applied.
- a higher filler content (5) is used on the side of the wet electric filter (1a, 1b) facing the exhaust gas flow (G), wherein a decreasing proportion by weight of the filler material to the tubular or honeycomb wall center (M) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b) (5) used and prepared by coextrusion is set.
- the gradient-like layer structure provides a good adaptation to the dielectric conditions ( ⁇ ) in the exhaust gas flow (G) and thus leads to a homogeneous electric field line stability in continuous operation of the exhaust gas purification system.
- the volume resistances which are in the range of 7 to 10-2 ⁇ cm, adapted to the in the exhaust stream (G ) are preset in the production of the wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b), that is, for example, a targeted use for specific industrial emissions from coking plants, chemical plants etc are achieved.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b a bundle arrangement - in the sense of a kit (6a, 6b) - consisting of several, at least two tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic precipitators (1 a, 1 b) in an exhaust gas stream (G) of a not shown exhaust gas purification system (A) according to one of claims 1 to 12. Therefore, components corresponding to those already explained above bear the same reference numerals and will not be described again in detail.
- the wet electrostatic precipitators (1a, 1b) consist of alternating materials and fillers (5) with the respective filler contents according to claim 1 and are arranged in an exhaust gas purification system (A).
- an exhaust gas purification system (A) with a plurality of wet electrostatic filter kits (6a, 6b) has been arranged in cascade, whereby a high separation capacity of the exhaust gas particles (G) in the range of 0.3 to 1 ⁇ m has been achieved.
- parallel to each other wet electrostatic filter kits (6a, 6b) in an emission control system (A) are conceivable, especially when the exhaust stream is guided in an upstream exhaust divider.
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kunststoffrohr für Nasselektrofilter sowie einen Bausatz für eine Abgasreinigungsanlage.The invention relates to a plastic pipe for wet electrostatic precipitator and a kit for an emission control system.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Kunststoffrohre für den Einsatz in Nasselektrofilteranlagen für die Reinigung von abgashaltigen Abluftströmen in Kraftwerken, Chemieanlagen etc bekannt. Insbesondere werden Nasselektrofilter vorzugsweise für die industrielle Abgasreinigung verwendet, wenn eine trockene Abgasreinigung nur eingeschränkt möglich und eine Kühlung sowie Kondensation der Abgase aus Umweltschutzgründen erforderlich ist. Weiterhin werden Nasselektrofilter verwendet, wenn Feststoffpartikel im Abgasstrom mit einer Flüssigkeit vermischt werden sollen oder wenn die Rückgewinnung von lösungsmittelhaltigen Stoffen durch die Gesetzgebung vorgeschrieben ist.Plastic pipes for use in wet electro-filter systems for the purification of exhaust-gas-containing exhaust air streams in power plants, chemical plants, etc., are known from the prior art. In particular, wet electrostatic precipitators are preferably used for industrial waste gas purification, when dry exhaust gas cleaning is only possible to a limited extent and cooling and condensation of the waste gases are required for environmental reasons. Furthermore, wet electrostatic precipitators are used when solid particles in the exhaust gas stream are to be mixed with a liquid or when the recovery of solvent-containing substances is prescribed by legislation.
Entscheidende technische Parameter für die Auslegung von Nasselektrofiltern in Abgasreinigungsanlagen sind:
- die Zusammensetzung der Abgase,
- der Gehalt von Schadstoffen im Abgasstrom,
- die Abgasmenge, der Abgasdruck, die Abgastemperatur sowie die Feuchtigkeit der Abgase und
- die im Abgasstrom enthaltene Partikelgrößen- oder Aerosolgrößenverteilung sowie der geforderte Grad der Partikelabscheidung.
- the composition of the exhaust gases,
- the content of pollutants in the exhaust stream,
- the amount of exhaust gas, the exhaust pressure, the exhaust gas temperature and the humidity of the exhaust gases and
- the particle size or aerosol size distribution contained in the exhaust stream and the required degree of particle separation.
Von Bedeutung hinsichtlich der Reinigungswirkung einer Anlage ist daher auch, inwieweit Gaswäscher der Nasselektrofilteranlage vor- oder nachgeschaltet werden. Als Gaswäscher werden so genannte Zyklonwäscher, Dynamikwäscher oder Venturiwäscher verwendet beziehungsweise Rotationswäscher oder Absorptionswäscher.Of importance with regard to the cleaning effect of a plant is therefore also to what extent gas scrubbers upstream or downstream of the wet electrostatic precipitator. The gas scrubbers used are so-called cyclone scrubbers, dynamic scrubbers or venturi scrubbers or rotary scrubbers or absorption scrubbers.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind auch Nasselektrofilter in Abgasreinigungsanlagen mit unterschiedlichen Spraytechniken bekannt, wobei die zu reinigenden Abgase vor dem Eintritt in das elektrostatische Feld (im Folgenden E-Feld genannt) mittels einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, durch Kanalspray- oder Einlasssprayverfahren vollständig gesättigt werden.
Ein kontinuierliches Besprayen mit fein aufgeteilten Wassertröpfchen erzeugt somit einen gleichmäßig verteilten, tröpfchenartigen Film über das gesamte besprühte Abgasvolumen. Gleichzeitig werden die im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Festkörperpartikel durch Elektroden elektrostatisch im E-Feld aufgeladen/polarisiert und bewegen sich entlang der elektrostatischen Feldlinien zu der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters, wobei Partikel von dem abwärts laufenden Spraywasserfilm mitgerissen werden. Die in der Flüssigkeit gebundenen Partikel werden in einem Setztank oder einem so genannten Eindickungsbehälter aufgefangen und anschließend das aufbereitete und geklärte Wasser wieder in die Nasselektrofilteranlage zurückgeführt. Durch diesen Reinigungsvorgang können mikroskopische Partikel kleiner 2 µm Größe mit hoher Effizienz aus dem Abgasstrom entfernt werden und das kontinuierliche Wasserbesprühen reduziert die Partikelablagerung/-ansammlung auf der Innenoberfläche der Nasselektrofilter.
Die Abgastrennleistung einer Nasselektrofilteranlage wird im Wesentlichen durch die physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der im Abgasstrom befindlichen Abgaspartikel, deren Zusammensetzung sowie durch die jeweilige Dielektrizitätskonstanten der Abgaspartikel, das heißt deren elektrisches Verhalten im E-Feld, bestimmt.
Die zurzeit zum Einsatz kommenden, rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilter gestatten auch die Abscheidung/Trennung von quasi-klebrigen, flüssigen oder festen Partikeln unterschiedlicher Größe aus einem Abgasstrom.
An die Werkstoffe derartiger Nasselektrofilter werden hohe technische Anforderungen hinsichtlich der chemischen und thermischen Beständigkeit sowie der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber einem Hochspannungsfeld und damit möglicher elektrischer Überschläge gestellt. Bekannt sind abgekantete PVC-beschichtete Bleche, die zu sechseckigen Wabenstrukturen zusammengefasst, mit Kunststoff innenseitig ausgekleidet und formstabil verklebt sind. Im Falle von elektrischen Überschlägen infolge von Innenwandverunreinigungen bzw. Abgaspartikelagglomerationen auf der Innenwand, weisen diese aus PVC bestehenden Kunststoffrohre starke Verbrennungs- oder Hot-Spot-Gebiete auf. Demgegenüber werden im Stand der Technik Polypropylenrohre für Nasselektrofilteranlagen diskutiert, die zwar den Nachteil haben, dass keine preiswerte und stabile Verklebetechnik zur Herstellung einer wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilteranordnung verfügbar ist, jedoch Polypropylen ein verbessertes elektrisches Durchschlagsverhalten aufweist.Wet electrostatic precipitators in emission control systems with different spray techniques are known from the prior art, wherein the exhaust gases to be cleaned before entering in the electrostatic field (hereinafter called E-field) by means of a liquid, in particular water, completely saturated by Kanalspray- or inlet spray method.
Continuous spraying with finely divided water droplets thus produces a uniformly distributed, droplet-like film over the entire sprayed exhaust gas volume. At the same time, the solid particles contained in the exhaust stream are electrostatically charged / polarized by electrodes in the E field and move along the electrostatic field lines to the inner surface of the wet electrostatic filter, entraining particles from the downwardly running spray water film. The particles bound in the liquid are collected in a settling tank or a so-called thickening tank, and then the treated and clarified water is returned to the wet electrostatic precipitator. By this cleaning process, microscopic particles smaller than 2 μm in size can be removed from the exhaust gas flow with high efficiency and the continuous water spraying reduces the particle deposition / accumulation on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitators.
The exhaust gas separation performance of a wet electrostatic precipitator system is essentially determined by the physicochemical properties of the exhaust gas particles present in the exhaust gas stream, their composition and by the respective dielectric constants of the exhaust gas particles, ie their electrical behavior in the electric field.
The tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filters currently in use also permit the separation / separation of quasi-sticky, liquid or solid particles of different sizes from an exhaust gas flow.
On the materials of such wet electrostatic precipitators high technical requirements in terms of chemical and thermal resistance and resistance to a high voltage field and thus possible electrical flashovers are made. Are known bent PVC-coated sheets, which are summarized to form hexagonal honeycomb structures, lined with plastic on the inside and dimensionally stable glued. In the case of electrical flashovers due to internal wall contamination or exhaust particulate agglomerations on the inner wall, these plastic PVC PVC pipes have strong combustion or hot spot areas. On the other hand, in the prior art, polypropylene pipes for wet electrostatic filter equipment are discussed which, while having the disadvantage that no inexpensive and stable bonding technique is available for producing a honeycomb wet electrostatic filter assembly, but polypropylene has improved electrical breakdown performance.
Grundsätzlich ist die Aufenthaltszeit des Abgasstroms im elektrischen Feld der Nasselektrofilteranlage eine wichtige Bezugsgröße, da dadurch die Polarisations- und lonisationswahrscheinlichkeit des Abgasstroms durch im E-Feld ausgerichtete Wasser-/Flüssigkeitsmoleküle der Sprayflüssigkeit - auch in einer Stoßkaskade - beeinflusst wird. Damit wird die Ausströmungsgeschwindigkeit und die Auslegung der Abgasreinigungsstrecke zu einem die Effizienz der Reinigungsanlage mitbestimmenden Faktor.In principle, the residence time of the exhaust gas flow in the electric field of the wet electrostatic precipitator is an important reference, since the polarization and ionization probability of the exhaust gas flow is influenced by water / liquid molecules of the spray liquid oriented in the E field, even in a collision cascade. Thus, the outflow speed and the design of the exhaust gas purification line to a co-determining the efficiency of the cleaning system factor.
Prinzipiell unterscheidet man im Stand der Technik drei Arten der Abgasreinigung mittels Elektroden und dem dadurch aufgebauten E-Feld:
- 1. die Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit an oder in der Umgebung einer Hochspannungselektrode, die auf einem mehrere Kiloelektronenvolt liegendem Potential liegt, so dass die Flüssigkeitströpfchen durch das E-Feld in der Umgebung der Elektrode ionisiert und polarisiert werden;
- 2. die Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit an einer Elektrode, die auf Erdpotential liegt, wobei die Flüssigkeit durch ein Kanalsystem zur Elektrodenspitze geleitet wird und sich die Nasselektrofilterwand auf einem negativen Potential befindet und
- 3. die Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit in einer Zwei-Elektroden-Anordnung - mit einer Hochspannungselektrode und einer Erdungselektrode - und dessen aufgebautem E-Feld in einem abgestuften Potential.
- 1. the atomization of a liquid at or in the vicinity of a high-voltage electrode, which is at a potential lying several kilo-electron volts, so that the liquid droplets are ionized and polarized by the E-field in the vicinity of the electrode;
- 2. The atomization of a liquid at an electrode, which is at ground potential, wherein the liquid is passed through a channel system to the electrode tip and the wet electrostatic filter wall is at a negative potential, and
- 3. the atomization of a liquid in a two-electrode arrangement - with a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode - and its built-up E-field in a graded potential.
Die
Die
Das heißt, dass gesamte Sprühnebelfeld besteht aus unterschiedlichen Flüssigkeiten oder Flüssigkeitsgemischen, so dass eine fraktionierte Reinigung des Abgasstroms - angepasst an die Abgaszusammensetzung - erreicht wird. Damit wird die physikalisch-chemische Reaktionskinetik der unterschiedlichsten Abgasmolekülzusammensetzungen im Abgasstrom durch die jeweilige Flüssigkeit berücksichtigt, wobei die zeitliche Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit der Abgase im Sprühfeld - in Verbindung mit den unterschiedlichen Sprühflüssigkeiten - für den Wirkungs- und Trennungsgrad der Abgasreinigungsstufe entscheidend ist. Das E-Feld ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass eine Gruppe von Elektroden - auch mit unterschiedlichen Potentialen - eine elektrische Feldverteilung entlang der Abgasreinigungsstrecke aufbaut, wodurch Überschläge durch räumliche Potentialunterschiede möglichst vermieden werden. Allerdings ist bekannt, dass zum Beispiel ein im Abgasstrom befindlicher hoher Schwefeloxidgehalt die Durchschlagsspannung eines Nasselektrofilters bzw. einer Nasselektrofiltervorrichtung wesentlich herabsetzen kann und so letztendlich die Durchschlagswahrscheinlichkeit im aufgebauten E-Feld von den Konzentrationen der Abgaszusammensetzung abhängig wird. Befindet sich beispielsweise eine hohe Konzentrationen von elektrisch stark polarisierbaren Abgasanteilen - gemeint sind Abgasanteile, deren Moleküle ein hohes Dipol- oder Quadrupolmoment besitzen - im Abgasstrom, so wird die Überschlagswahrscheinlichkeit mit größer werdender elektrischer Feldstärke höher und der Wirkungsgrad der Abgasreinigungsstrecke reduziert sich hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Abgasreinigungsqualität.This means that the entire spray field consists of different liquids or liquid mixtures, so that a fractional purification of the exhaust gas flow - adapted to the exhaust gas composition - is achieved. Thus, the physico-chemical reaction kinetics of different exhaust gas molecule compositions in the exhaust stream through the respective fluid is taken into account, the temporal probability of residence of the exhaust gases in the spray field - in conjunction with the different spray liquids - is crucial for the efficiency and separation efficiency of the emission control stage. The E-field is designed so that a group of electrodes - even with different potentials - builds up an electric field distribution along the exhaust gas purification path, thereby avoiding flashovers due to spatial differences in potential. However, it is known that, for example, a high sulfur oxide content located in the exhaust gas stream can significantly reduce the breakdown voltage of a wet electrostatic filter or a wet electrostatic filter device and thus ultimately the breakdown probability in the built-up E field depends on the concentrations of the exhaust gas composition. For example, if a high concentration of electrically highly polarizable components of exhaust gas - meaning exhaust components whose molecules have a high dipole or quadrupole moment - in the exhaust stream, the rollover probability with increasing electric field strength is higher and the efficiency of the emission control section is reduced in terms of achievable emission control quality ,
Die
Aus der
Die
Aus der
Nasselektrofilteranordnungen sind üblicherweise mit einer Reihe von vertikalen Rohren ausgestattet, durch die der zu reinigende Abgasstrom einer Industrieanlage strömt. In der jeweiligen Rohrmitte sind Elektroden so aufgehängt beziehungsweise angebracht, dass Partikel im Abgasstrom elektrostatisch aufgeladen werden. Die polarisierten und aufgeladenen Abgaspartikel werden von der Innenwand des Rohrs - im Sinne eines elektrostatischen Zylinderkondensators - angezogen, wobei die Innenoberflächen ständig mit Wasser bespült werden und das abgaspartikelhaltige Wasser anschließend in einen Sammeltank abläuft, der als Setztank bezeichnet wird, wodurch Partikel bis zu einer Größe von ca. 1 µm aus dem Abgasstrom entfernt werden. Anschließend wird nach einer Wasserreinigungsstufe das aufgereinigte Wasser in den Kreislauf zurückgeführt, wodurch eine kontinuierliche Innenwandbenetzung oder Innenwandberieselung der Nasselektrofilter mit dem gereinigten Wasser erfolgt.
Dies vermindert die Ansammlung von auf der Innenwand haftenden Partikeln im Nasselektrofilter, die bekanntermaßen Einfluss auf den gewünschten Abgasreinigungsgrad haben und die Lebensdauer der Filteranlage nachhaltig beeinflussen.
Die Qualität einer Abgasreinigungsanlage zeichnet sich auch durch die Reinigung von Partikeln im Abgasstrom mit einer Größe von kleiner als einem Mikrometer Partikelgröße aus. Der niedrige Energieverbrauch , die geringen Betriebskosten bei hohem Abgasdurchsatz pro Stunde sowie eine hohe Anlagenverfügbarkeit sind weitere entscheidende Wirtschaftlichkeitsgrößen für den Betrieb einer solchen Anlage.Wet electrostatic filter assemblies are usually equipped with a series of vertical tubes through which the exhaust stream of an industrial plant to be cleaned flows. In the middle of the tube, electrodes are suspended or attached in such a way that particles in the exhaust gas flow are electrostatically charged. The polarized and charged exhaust particulates are attracted to the inner wall of the tube, in the sense of an electrostatic cylinder capacitor, with the inner surfaces constantly flushed with water and the exhaust gas containing water subsequently drained into a collection tank called a settling tank, thereby reducing particles to a size be removed from the exhaust stream of about 1 micron. Subsequently, after a water purification step, the purified water is returned to the circulation, whereby a continuous interior wall wetting or Innenwandberieselung the wet electrostatic precipitator takes place with the purified water.
This reduces the accumulation of adhering to the inner wall particles in the wet electrostatic precipitator, which are known to influence the desired degree of exhaust gas purification and have a lasting effect on the life of the filter system.
The quality of an emission control system is also characterized by the purification of particles in the exhaust gas stream with a size of less than one micron particle size. The low energy consumption, the low operating costs with high exhaust gas throughput per hour as well as a high plant availability are further decisive economic parameters for the operation of such a plant.
Durch Zugabe von zusätzlichen flüssigen, chemischen Zusätzen zum Spraywasser, können auch schwer aus dem Abgasstrom zu trennende Partikelabgasschadstoffe oder Aerosole mittels der Spraytechnik entlang der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters gereinigt werden. Dabei verändern die eingebrachten chemischen Flüssigkeitszusätze in der Sprayflüssigkeit gesamthaft das dielektrische Verhalten der Elektrofilter. Mittels dieser Abgasreinigungstechnik lassen sich so eine Reihe von zusätzlichen Abgasinhattsstoffen abscheiden und der Abgasstrom kann beispielsweise von Geruchsemissionen befreit werden. Das heißt, es lassen sich auch teer- oder harzhaltige Substanzen, Aerosole und nur teilweise wasserlösliche Verbindungen aus dem Abgasstrom entfernen.By adding additional liquid, chemical additives to the spray water, it is also possible to clean particle exhaust pollutants or aerosols which are difficult to separate from the exhaust gas flow by means of the spray technique along the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator. The introduced chemical liquid additives in the spray liquid change the overall dielectric behavior of the electrostatic precipitator. By means of this exhaust gas purification technology For example, it is possible to deposit a number of additional exhaust gas ingredients and the exhaust gas stream can be freed from odor emissions, for example. This means that even tarry or resinous substances, aerosols and only partially water-soluble compounds can be removed from the exhaust gas stream.
Die Betreiber solcher Elektrofilteranlagen sind grundsätzlich an einer hohen zeitlichen Verfügbarkeit - auch bei schwankenden Prozessbedingungen - interessiert. Ein hoher Abscheide- oder Trennungsgrad von im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Schadstoffpartikeln bestimmt vorteilhaft und nachhaltig den Umwelteinfluss der jeweiligen Abgasreinigungsanlage und ist im Zusammenhang mit der globalen Abgasreduktionsstrategie zu sehen.
In einigen Nasselektrofilteranlagen wird daher das vom Trockner aus geführte Abgas in einem Rohrleitungssystem durch Eindüsen von Wasser bis zum Sättigungspunkt abgekühlt und gelangt anschließend in eine Filtereinrichtung, wobei das zu reinigende Abgas über den gesamten Querschnitt entspannt wird. Im sich anschließenden Gaswäscherprozess werden staub- und gasförmige organische Verbindungen abgeschieden.
Das dazu vorgetrocknete Abgas - so genanntes "Trocknerabgas" - strömt danach in den Nasselektrofilter, der beispielsweise aus unterschiedlichen Hochspannungsfeldanordnungen besteht und zentrisch mit im Nasselektrofilter angeordneten Elektroden bestückt ist. Die bei diesem Verfahren noch im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Partikel und Aerosole werden ebenfalls durch das E-Feld negativ aufgeladen beziehungsweise polarisiert und bewegen sich entlang der Feldlinien hin zu der waben- oder rohrförmigen Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters, der durch eine periodische oder kontinuierliche Wasserbespülung oder Wasserbesprayung eine Oberflächenreinigung und damit Partikelabtrag erfährt. Durch die Aufteilung des Hochspannungssystems in beispielsweise zwei elektrische Feldbereiche mit jeweiligen elektrischen Feldzonen, ist die Wasserbespülung von nur einer Hälfte der Innenoberfläche eines Nasselektrofilters möglich. Der Abgasstrom wird dazu durch eine Klappenvorrichtung über die jeweils in Betrieb befindliche Nasselektrofilterhälfte geführt. Damit lassen sich gezielte Abschnitte der Innenoberflächen von Nasselektrofiltern von adsorbierten Partikeln während des Betriebs der Abgasreinigungsanlage reinigen.The operators of such electrostatic filter systems are generally interested in a high time availability - even with fluctuating process conditions. A high degree of separation or separation of pollutant particles contained in the exhaust stream advantageously and permanently determines the environmental impact of the respective emission control system and is to be seen in connection with the global exhaust gas reduction strategy.
In some wet electrostatic precipitator systems, therefore, the exhaust gas carried from the dryer is cooled in a piping system by injecting water to the saturation point and then passes into a filter device, wherein the exhaust gas to be cleaned is expanded over the entire cross section. In the subsequent gas scrubber process, dust and gaseous organic compounds are separated.
The pre-dried exhaust gas - so-called "dryer exhaust" - then flows into the wet electrostatic precipitator, which consists for example of different high voltage field arrangements and is equipped centrally with arranged in the wet electrostatic precipitator electrodes. The particles and aerosols still contained in the exhaust gas flow in this process are also negatively charged or polarized by the E-field and move along the field lines towards the honeycomb or tubular inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator, the surface cleaning by a periodic or continuous Wasserbespülung or Wasserbesprayung and thus particle removal experiences. By dividing the high-voltage system into, for example, two electric field areas with respective electric field zones, the water flushing of only one half of the inner surface of a wet electrostatic filter is possible. To this end, the exhaust gas flow is guided through a flap device via the respective wet electrostatic precipitator half in operation. This allows targeted sections of the interior surfaces of wet electrostatic precipitators to be cleaned of adsorbed particles during operation of the emission control system.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind auch mehrstufige Ausführungen der Nasselektrofilter in Abgasreinigungsanlagen bekannt, die als Abgasreinigungstrennstufen oder Abgasreinigungskaskaden hintereinander angeordnet, zu einem hohen Reinigungsgrad, bei gleichzeitig hohem Abgasdurchsatz führen.Also known from the prior art are multi-stage designs of the wet electrostatic precipitators in exhaust gas purification systems, which are arranged as exhaust gas purification stages or exhaust gas purification cascades one behind the other, leading to a high degree of purification while at the same time achieving high exhaust gas throughput.
Weiterhin wird in der
Die Abreinigungsvorrichtung umfasst einen Reinigungsbehälter, der mit einem Reinigungsbad aus Wasser und / oder aus einem Lösungsmittel gefüllt ist. Das Sieb verläuft durch das Reinigungsbad hindurch, so dass durch Hindurchbewegen des Siebes durch das Reinigungsbad die an dem Sieb anhaftenden Overspray-Partikel durch das flüssige Reinigungsmittel des Reinigungsbades von dem Sieb abgelöst werden. Die Reinigungswirkung des Reinigungsbades wird durch rotierende Bürsten und durch in dem Reinigungsbad angeordnete Reinigungsdüsen, welche einen quer zu den Hauptflächen des Siebes gerichteten Strom des flüssigen Reinigungsmittels durch das Sieb hindurch erzeugen und auf der jeweils einer der rotierenden Bürsten gegenüberliegenden Seite des Siebes angeordnet sind, mechanisch unterstützt.The cleaning device comprises a cleaning container which is filled with a cleaning bath of water and / or of a solvent. The sieve passes through the cleaning bath, so that by passing the sieve through the cleaning bath, the overspray particles adhering to the sieve are detached from the sieve by the liquid cleaning agent of the cleaning bath. The cleaning action of the cleaning bath is mechanical by means of rotating brushes and cleaning nozzles arranged in the cleaning bath, which generate a stream of the liquid cleaning agent directed transversely to the main surfaces of the sieve through the sieve and are arranged on the opposite side of the sieve from each of the rotating brushes supported.
Nachteilig ist, dass bei den beschriebenen Verfahren im Betrieb zusätzliche Wartungs- und Reinigungsarbeiten anfallen, die durch großflächige Partikelagglomerationen an der Innenoberfläche der Nasselektrofilter einer Abgasreinigungsanlage bedingt sind und teilweise manuell entfernt werden müssen.The disadvantage is that in the described method in operation additional maintenance and cleaning incurred, which are caused by large-scale particle agglomerations on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator of an emission control system and must be partially removed manually.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilter anzugeben, bei dem eine Partikelagglomeration und -ablagerung im Langzeitbetrieb der Abgasreinigungsanlage reduziert wird, das E-Feld stabilisiert und elektrische Überschläge verhindert werden.The object of the invention is to provide a tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter, in which a particle agglomeration and deposition is reduced in the long-term operation of the exhaust gas purification system, the electric field stabilized and electrical flashovers are prevented.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht aus den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1. Weiterhin wird ein Bausatz zur Lösung der Aufgabe nach Anspruch 2 angegeben sowie eine Abgasreinigungsanlage nach Anspruch 4. Vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen dargelegt.The achievement of this object consists of the features of
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, eine elektrisch leitfähige Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht auf der Nasselektrofilterinnenseite vorzusehen. Dazu wird der rohr- oder wabenförmige Nasselektrofilter auf seiner Innenseite beschichtet. Diese Schicht kann auch aus einer mehrlagigen/mehrschichtigen Schichtfolge - im Sinne einer Sandwichschicht - aus unterschiedlichen Beschichtungen und mit einer darauf aufgebrachten Antihaftungsbeschichtung und mit aufeinander abgestimmten Dielektrizitätswerten oder Durchgangswiderstandswerten bestehen.
Die Abstimmung der Dielektrizitätswerte der aufgebrachten Beschichtungsmaterialien auf der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters ergeben vorteilhaft eine elektrische Feldstabilisierung bei hohem Abgasvolumendurchsatz und bei unterschiedlich polaren Abgaspartikeln, wodurch die Trennleistung der aus dem Abgasstrom herauszufilternden Partikel verbessert wird. Die elektrisch leitfähige Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht kann dazu auch als eine sandwichartige Schicht auf der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters aufgebracht sein. Dazu ist es erforderlich, eine Anpassung der Materialien und Füllstoffe sowie der dadurch sich ergebenden Dielektrizitätszahl vorzunehmen. Es wurde weiterhin erkannt, dass das elektrische Feldverhalten durch einen Gradienten in der Füllstoffzusammensetzung, ausgehend von der innenliegenden und dem Abgasstrom direkt zugewandten elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsschichtl-beschichtung, hin zum Basiskörper des rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilters verbessert wird. Durch diese Maßnahme werden elektrische Durchschläge beziehungsweise Überschläge im Betrieb der Nasselektrofilteranlage bei hohen elektrischen Feldstärken vorteilhaft vermieden.According to the invention it is proposed to provide an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer on the wet electrostatic filter inside. For this purpose, the tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter is coated on its inside. This layer can also consist of a multi-layer / multi-layer layer sequence - in the sense of a sandwich layer - of different coatings and with an anti-adhesion coating applied thereto and with matched dielectric values or volume resistance values.
The matching of the dielectric values of the applied coating materials on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator advantageously results in electric field stabilization at high exhaust gas volume flow rates and at different polar exhaust particles, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the particles to be filtered out of the exhaust gas flow. The electroconductive non-stick coating or non-stick layer may also be applied as a sandwich-like layer on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic filter. For this it is necessary to make an adjustment of the materials and fillers and the resulting dielectric constant. It was further recognized that the electric field behavior is improved by a gradient in the filler composition, starting from the inner and the exhaust gas flow directly facing electrically conductive anti-stick layer coating, toward the base body of the tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter. By this measure, electrical breakdowns or flashovers Advantageously avoided during operation of the wet electrostatic filter system at high electric field strengths.
Als Kunststoffmaterial für die elektrisch leitfähige Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder -schicht werden Polyethylen (PE) und/oder Polypropylen (PP) und/oder Polystyrol (PS) mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 5 bis 35% Gewichtsanteilen Ruß erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt, sowie Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 5 bis 35% Gewichtsanteilen Ruß und/oder Polyoxymethylen (POM) mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 5 bis zu 35% Gewichtsanteilen Ruß.As the plastic material for the electrically conductive non-stick coating or layer, polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polystyrene (PS) having a filler content of 5 to 35% by weight of carbon black are used according to the invention, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) having a filler content from 5 to 35% by weight of carbon black and / or polyoxymethylene (POM) having a filler content of from 5 up to 35% by weight of carbon black.
Nicht zur Erfindung gehörige Polyamidverbindungen (PA) wie PA 66 mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 5 bis 20% Gewichtsanteilen mit Metallfasern und einer Metallfaserlänge von 0,01 mm bis 5 mm ebenfalls geeignet. Gleiches gilt für Polycarbonate (PC) mit Metallfaseranteilen von 5 bis 20% Gewichtsanteilen. Es können Metallfasern bestehend aus Stahl und/oder Kupfer und/oder Blei und/oder Messing sowie aus Buntmetallverbindungen mit den genannten Metallfaserlängen als faserhaltige Füllstoffe verwendet werden.Not belonging to the invention polyamide compounds (PA) such as PA 66 with a filler content of 5 to 20% by weight with metal fibers and a metal fiber length of 0.01 mm to 5 mm also suitable. The same applies to polycarbonates (PC) with metal fiber contents of 5 to 20% by weight. Metal fibers consisting of steel and / or copper and / or lead and / or brass as well as non-ferrous metal compounds with the mentioned metal fiber lengths can be used as fiber-containing fillers.
Hinsichtlich der elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder -schicht aus Polycarbonaten (PC) und/oder Polyamidverbindungen (PA) sind auch Füllstoffe bestehend aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Fasern mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 10 bis 40% Gewichtsanteilen verwendbar.With regard to the electrically conductive non-stick coating or layer of polycarbonates (PC) and / or polyamide compounds (PA), fillers consisting of carbon-containing fibers with a filler content of 10 to 40% by weight can also be used.
Weiterhin wurde erkannt, dass Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und/oder Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) und/oder Polyphenylensulfid (PPS) und/oder Polyetherimid (PEI) dotiert mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Faserbestandteilen und einem Gewichtsanteil von 30 bis 40 % , die Partikelhaftung auf der Innenoberfläche der Nasselektrofilter ebenfalls reduziert und die elektrische Durchschlagsfeldstärke vorteilhaft erhöht.Further, it has been recognized that polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and / or polyetherimide (PEI) doped with carbonaceous fiber components and a weight fraction of 30 to 40%, the particle adhesion on the inner surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator also reduced and advantageously increased the electrical breakdown field strength.
Versuche mit dem polymeren Werkstoff Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) und Polyamid 66 (PA66) als elektrisch leitfähige Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht, gefüllt mit einem Polyanilin-haltigen Füllstoff und Gewichtsanteilen im Bereich von 20 bis 40%, zeigten ebenfalls eine Reduktion der Partikelhaftung entlang der Innenoberfläche der Nasselektrofilter.Tests with the polymeric material polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyamide 66 (PA66) as an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer filled with a polyaniline-containing filler and weight fractions ranging from 20 to 40% also showed a reduction in particle adhesion along the inside surface of wet electrostatic precipitators ,
Die vorgenannten polymeren Beschichtungswerkstoffe mit den Füllstoffen und Füllstoffgehalten führten gesamthaft zu einer stark reduzierten Partikelhaftung der damit innenbeschichteten Nasselektrofilter bei anliegenden unterschiedlichen elektrischen Feldstärken in einer Erprobungsstrecke der Nasselektrofilteranlage.
Vorteilhaft wird eine erhöhte elektrische Durch-/Überschlagsfestigkeit der Nasselektrofilter in einer Abgasreinigungsanlage im Betriebszustand somit erreicht und die Anlagenverfügbarkeit der Abgasreinigungsanlage für den Betreiber erhöht.The abovementioned polymeric coating materials with the fillers and filler contents resulted overall in a greatly reduced particle adhesion of the coatings internally coated therewith Wet electrostatic precipitator with applied different electric field strengths in a test section of the wet electrostatic precipitator.
Advantageously, an increased electrical breakdown / flashover resistance of the wet electrostatic precipitator in an exhaust gas purification system in the operating state is thus achieved and the plant availability of the exhaust gas purification system for the operator is increased.
Der Füllstoffgehalt der elektrisch leitfähigen polymeren Innenschichten der Nasselektrofilter wird auf spezifische Durchgangswiderstandswerte im Bereich von 7 bis 10-2 Ω cm eingestellt. Die so innenbeschichteten und füllstoffhaltigen rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilter zeigten in Versuchen, dass Abgaspartikel in der Größe von 0,3 µm bis 1 µm aus dem Abgasstrom gut trennbar bzw. reinigbar sind.The filler content of the electrically conductive polymeric inner layers of the wet electrostatic precipitators is adjusted to specific volume resistivity values in the range of 7 to 10 -2 Ω cm. The so-coated and filler-containing tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic precipitators showed in experiments that exhaust gas particles in the size of 0.3 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m can be easily separated or cleaned from the exhaust gas flow.
Im Falle eines mehrschichtigen Aufbaus der Innenoberfläche eines Nasselektrofilters, d. h. einem im Co-Extrusionsverfahren hergestellten rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilters, wurde weiterhin erkannt, dass ein Gradient im Füllstoffgehalt in den angegebenen prozentualen Gewichtsanteilen der jeweiligen Füllstoffe und der jeweils verwendeten Kunststoffmaterialien vorteilhaft ist. Hierzu wird ein höherer Füllstoffgehalt an der dem Abgasstrom zugewandten Innenseite eingestellt und hin zur rohr-/wabenförmigen Wandungsmitte ein abnehmender Füllstoffgehalt. Dadurch wird die Haftungsfähigkeit von Abgaspartikeln auf der Innenoberfläche eines rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilters ebenfalls reduziert. Das heißt, dass der Partikelabscheidegrad unterschiedlicher, industrieller Abgaszusammensetzungen innerhalb einer Abgasreinigungsanlage somit wesentlich gesteigert wird und Partikel mit einer Größe von kleiner 1 µm aus dem Abgasstrom gefiltert werden.
Die geometrische Anordnung/Auslegung der elektrischen Leiter zur Bildung des E-Feldes innerhalb der Nasselektrofilter beeinflusst bekanntermaßen nur geringfügig den Partikelabscheidegrad.
Durch den eingestellten Füllstoffgradienten in der jeweiligen elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsschicht - auch in einer mehrschichtigen (Sandwich-) Schichtstruktur - wird vorteilhaft erreicht, dass eine Anpassung der Dielektrikumsverhältnisse (d.h. Dielektrikum: Abgaszusammensetzung, Flüssigkeit und Nasselektrofilter) mit der beschichteten, waben- oder rohrförmigen Innenoberfläche eines Nasselektrofilters geschaffen wird. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Füllstoffanteil in der jeweiligen polymeren Materialkombination wird somit das Dielektrikum einstellbar und führt zu einer homogenen elektrischen Feldlinienstabilität der Nasselektrofilter im Betrieb.In the case of a multilayer construction of the inner surface of a wet electrostatic precipitator, ie a tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter produced in the coextrusion process, it was further recognized that a gradient in the filler content in the specified percentage by weight of the respective fillers and the plastic materials used in each case is advantageous. For this purpose, a higher filler content is adjusted at the inner side facing the exhaust gas flow and towards the tubular / honeycomb wall center a decreasing filler content. Thereby, the adhesiveness of exhaust particles on the inner surface of a tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter is also reduced. That is, the Partikelabscheidegrad different industrial exhaust gas compositions is thus substantially increased within an exhaust gas purification plant and particles are filtered with a size of less than 1 micron from the exhaust stream.
The geometric arrangement / design of the electrical conductors to form the E-field within the wet electrostatic filter is known to affect only slightly the Partikelabscheidegrad.
Due to the adjusted filler gradient in the respective electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer - even in a multilayer (sandwich) layer structure - is advantageously achieved that an adjustment of the dielectric ratios (ie dielectric: exhaust gas composition, liquid and wet electrostatic precipitator) with the coated, honeycomb or tubular inner surface of a Wet electrostatic filter is created. As a result of the filler fraction according to the invention in the respective polymeric material combination, the dielectric thus becomes adjustable and leads to a homogeneous electric field line stability of the wet electrostatic filters during operation.
Gerade das zeitliche Abgasströmungsverhalten - bedingt durch beispielsweise pulsierende Abgasströme im quasi-stationären Strömungsbereich - erfordert die Verbesserung der Stabilität und Dichte des E-Feldes für eine effektive Partikelreinigung im Abgasstrom.Especially the temporal exhaust flow behavior - caused by, for example, pulsating exhaust gas flows in the quasi-stationary flow area - requires the improvement of the stability and density of the E-field for effective particle cleaning in the exhaust stream.
Die Erfindung lehrt weiter, ein rohr- oder wabenförmiges Nasselektrofilterbündel - im Folgenden Bausatz genannt - bestehend aus mehreren rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofiltern gemäß Anspruch 2 zu verwenden. Denkbar sind rohr- oder wabenförmige Nasselektrofilterbausätze, die aus beispielsweise alternierenden, elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtungsmaterialien und Füllstoffgehalten zusammengesetzt sind. Damit lässt sich, angepasst an das zu reinigende Abgas im Abgasstrom, eine optimierte Reinigungsanordnung mittels der Nasselektrofilter erreichen.The invention further teaches to use a tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter bundle - hereinafter referred to as a kit - consisting of a plurality of tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filters according to claim 2. Conceivable are tubular or honeycomb-shaped wet electrostatic filter kits, which are composed of, for example, alternating, electrically conductive non-stick coating materials and filler contents. This can be adapted to the exhaust gas to be cleaned in the exhaust stream, achieve an optimized cleaning arrangement by means of the wet electrostatic precipitator.
Für spezifische Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise der zusätzlichen Geruchsreinigung von Abgasen, wurde vorteilhaft erkannt, dass die Nasselektrofilter innerhalb eines rohr- oder wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilterbausatzes entlang der Abgasströmungsrichtung abschnittsweise aus Bereichen unterschiedlicher Füllstoffgehalte und polymerer Materialien bestehen können, so dass die Abgasreinigung von im Rauchgas befindlichen unterschiedlichen Rauchgaspartikeln - im Sinne eines selektiven Filterabschnittes - entlang der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters erfolgt.For specific applications, such as the additional odor cleaning of exhaust gases, it has been advantageously recognized that the wet electrostatic precipitators within a tubular or honeycomb wet electrostatic filter assembly along the exhaust gas flow direction may consist in sections of different filler contents and polymeric materials, so that the exhaust gas purification of different flue gas particles in the flue gas - In the sense of a selective filter section - along the inner surface of the wet electrostatic filter takes place.
Eine Abgasreinigungsanlage zur Verbesserung der Abgaspartikelreinigung von Industrieabgasen besteht daher aus mindestens zwei Nasselektrofilterbausätzen, wobei mehrere Nasselektrofilterbausätze innerhalb der Abgasreinigungsanlage hintereinander - im Sinne einer Abgasreinigungsstrecke - angeordnet sein können oder bei vorgeschalteter Richtungsteilung des Abgasstroms, auch parallel zueinander angeordnet werden können.An exhaust gas purification system for improving the exhaust gas particulate removal from industrial waste gases therefore consists of at least two wet electrostatic filter kits, whereby several wet electrostatic filter kits can be arranged one behind the other within the exhaust gas purification system - in the sense of an exhaust gas purification section or can be arranged parallel to one another in the upstream directional division of the exhaust gas flow.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachstehend aufgeführten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings below.
Es zeigt:
- Figur 1 a
- in schematischer Darstellung einen rohrförmigen Nasselektrofilter mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht auf der Nasselektrofilterinnenseite aufgebracht;
Figur 1 b- in schematischer Darstellung einen wabenförmigen Nasselektrofilter mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht auf der Nasselektrofilterinnenseite aufgebracht;
- Figur 1c,d
- in schematischer Darstellung einen rohrförmigen (
Figur 1c ) und wabenförmigen (Figur 1 d) Nasselektrofilter mit mehreren elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtungen oder Antihaftungsschichten auf der Nasselektrofilterinnenseite aufgebracht; Figur 2a- eine Bündelanordnung von mehreren rohrförmigen Nasselektrofiltern gemäß
Figur 1a oder Figur 1 c eingebracht in einen Abgasstrom (G); Figur 2b- eine Bündelanordnung von mehreren wabenförmigen Nasselektrofiltern gemäß
Figur 1 b oder Figur 1 c eingebracht in einen Abgasstrom (G);
- FIG. 1 a
- schematically a tubular wet electrostatic filter with an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer applied to the wet electrostatic filter inside;
- Figure 1 b
- schematically a honeycomb wet electrostatic filter applied with an electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer on the wet electrostatic filter inside;
- Figure 1c, d
- a schematic representation of a tubular (
Figure 1c ) and honeycomb (FIG. 1 d) Wet electrostatic filter having a plurality of electrically conductive non-stick coatings or anti-adhesion layers applied to the wet electrostatic filter inner side; - FIG. 2a
- a bundle arrangement of a plurality of tubular wet electrostatic filters according to
FIG. 1a or FIG. 1c introduced into an exhaust gas flow (G); - FIG. 2b
- a bundle arrangement of a plurality of honeycomb wet electrical filters according to
FIG. 1 b or FIG. 1 c introduced into an exhaust gas flow (G);
Durch mindestens eine elektrisch leitfähige Antihaftungsschicht oder Antihaftungsbeschichtung (2a,2b) wird eine Anpassung der Material und Füllstoff bedingten Dielektrizitätszahl (ε) der Nasselektrofilterinnenoberfläche (3a,3b) an das Dielektrikum: Abgas und Berieselungsflüssigkeit erreicht, so dass vorteilhaft Überschläge infolge von Partikelanlagerungen an der Innenoberfläche des Nasselektrofilters vermieden werden und gleichzeitig eine verbesserte Reinigung der industriellen Abgase (G) im Partikelgrößenbereich von 1 µm bis 0,3 µm erfolgt.
An adaptation of the material and filler-related dielectric constant (ε) of the wet electrostatic filter inner surface (3a, 3b) to the dielectric: exhaust gas and irrigation fluid is achieved by at least one electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer or anti-adhesion coating (2a, 2b), so that flashovers as a result of particle deposits on the Interior surface of the wet electrostatic precipitator are avoided and at the same time an improved purification of the industrial exhaust gases (G) in the particle size range of 1 .mu.m to 0.3 .mu.m.
Zur Erzeugung der elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antihaftungsschicht (2a,2b) wird ein Kunststoffmaterial wie Polyethylen (PE) und/oder Polypropylen (PP) und/oder Polystyrol (PS) mit einem Ruß enthaltenden Füllstoffgehalt (5) von 5 bis 35% Gewichtsanteilen verwendet sowie ein PVC und/oder Polyoxymethylen (POM) mit einem Füllstoffgehalt von 5 bis zu 35% Gewichtsanteilen Ruß.
Auch sind Kunststoffmaterialien wie Polyamidverbindungen (PA,PA66) mit einem Füllstoffgehalt (5) von 5 bis 20% aus Metallfasern bestehend, zur Ausbildung der elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsbeschichtung oder Antifhaftungsschicht (2a,2b) verwendbar.
Die in keiner der Figuren näher dargestellten Metallfaserlängen liegen im Bereich von 0,05 mm bis 5 mm.
Es wurde erkannt, dass auch Polycarbonate (PC) mit Metallfaseranteilen von 5 bis 20% Gewichtsanteilen als Füllstoff (5) zur Bildung der elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsschicht/-beschichtung (2a, 2b) verwendet werden können.
Die Metallfasern bestehen aus Stahl und/oder Kupfer und/oder Blei und/oder Messing sowie aus Buntmetallverbindungen. Auch sind geschäumte Metallverbindungen in der Antihaftungsschicht/-beschichtung (2a, 2b) eines nicht erfindungsgemäßen Nasselektrofilters (1a, 1b), gefertigt im Co-Extrusionsverfahren denkbar.A plastic material such as polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polystyrene (PS) with a carbon black-containing filler content (5) of 5 to 35% by weight is used to produce the electrically conductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) and a PVC and / or polyoxymethylene (POM) having a filler content of from 5 up to 35% by weight of carbon black.
Also, plastic materials such as polyamide compounds (PA, PA66) having a filler content (5) of 5 to 20% of metal fibers are usable for forming the electroconductive non-stick coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b).
The metal fiber lengths shown in detail in none of the figures are in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm.
It has been found that polycarbonates (PC) having metal fiber contents of 5 to 20% by weight can also be used as filler (5) to form the electrically conductive anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b).
The metal fibers consist of steel and / or copper and / or lead and / or brass as well as non-ferrous metal compounds. Also, foamed metal compounds are conceivable in the anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b) of a non-inventive wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b) made by the coextrusion process.
Weiterhin wurden auch kohlenstoffhaltige Fasern, mit einem Füllstoffgehalt (5) von 10 bis 40% Gewichtsanteilen in eine aus Polycarbonat (PC) und/oder aus Polyamidverbindung (PA) bestehende Antihaftungsschicht/-beschichtung (2a,2b) zur Verbesserung der Dielektrizitätsverhältnisse im Nasselektrofilter (1 a,1 b) eingebracht und untersucht. Kunststoffmaterialien wie Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und/oder Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) und/oder Polyphenylensulfid (PPS) und/oder Polyetherimid (PEI) wurden ebenfalls mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Faserbestandteilen für die Schaffung der elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsschicht/-beschichtung (2a,2b) verwendet, wobei ein Füllstoffanteil (5) von 30 bis 40% als vorteilhaft erkannt wurde.Furthermore, carbonaceous fibers having a filler content (5) of 10 to 40% by weight have also been incorporated in a polycarbonate (PC) and / or polyamide compound (PA) anti-adhesion layer / coating (2a, 2b) for improving the dielectric ratios in the wet electrostatic precipitator (US Pat. 1 a, 1 b) introduced and examined. Plastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and / or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and / or polyetherimide (PEI) have also been used with carbonaceous fiber components to provide the electrically conductive non-stick layer / coating (2a, 2b) a filler content (5) of 30 to 40% was found to be advantageous.
Diese Anordnung befindet sich in der dargestellten Weise in einem Abgasstrom (G), einer nicht weiter abgebildeten Abgasreinigungsanlage (A). Von daher tragen Komponenten, die denjenigen entsprechen, die vorstehend schon erläutert wurden, die gleichen Bezugszeichen und werden nicht nochmals im Einzelnen beschrieben.
Die elektrisch leitfähigen Antihaftungsschichten/-beschichtungen (2a, 2b) können sandwich-artig - im Sinne einer Schichtfolge unterschiedlichen Kunststoffmaterials - mit den jeweils angegebenen Füllstoffgehalten (5) gefüllt sein.
Als vorteilhaft hat sich eine so genannte Gradientenschicht (GS) erwiesen. Hierzu wird ein höherer Füllstoffgehalt (5) an der dem Abgasstrom (G) zugewandten Seite des Nasselektrofilters (1a, 1b) verwendet , wobei zur rohr- oder wabenförmigen Wandungsmitte (M) des Nasselektrofilters (1 a,1 b) ein abnehmender Gewichtsanteil des Füllstoffmaterials (5) verwendet und im Coextrusionsverfahren hergestellt eingestellt wird.
Dadurch wurde ebenfalls eine Reduktion der Haftung der im Abgasstrom (G) befindlichen Abgaspartikel auf der Innenwand (3a, 3b) des Nasselektrofilters (1 a,1 b) in Experimenten erreicht. Der gradientenartige Schichtaufbau schafft eine gute Anpassung an die dielektrischen Verhältnisse (ε) im Abgasstrom (G) und führt so zu einer homogenen elektrischen Feldlinienstabilität im Dauerbetrieb der Abgasreinigungsanlage.
Im Falle einer mehrschichtigen, aus unterschiedlichen Kunststoffmaterialien bestehenden Antihaftungsschicht (2a,2b) und mit den jeweiligen Füllstoffen (5) und Füllstoffgehalten, können die Durchgangswiderstände, die im Bereich von 7 bis 10-2 Ω cm liegen, angepasst an die im Abgasstrom (G) befindlichen Abgaspartikel bei der Herstellung der Nasselektrofilter (1a,1b) voreingestellt werden, das heißt zum Beispiel ein gezielter Einsatz für spezifische Industrieabgase aus Kokereien, chemischen Anlagen etc erreicht werden.This arrangement is located in the manner shown in an exhaust gas flow (G), not shown exhaust emission control system (A). Therefore, components corresponding to those already explained above bear the same reference numerals and will not be described again in detail.
The electrically conductive anti-adhesion layers / coatings (2a, 2b) can be filled with the specified filler contents (5) in a sandwich-like manner in the sense of a layer sequence of different plastic material.
A so-called gradient layer (GS) has proved to be advantageous. For this purpose, a higher filler content (5) is used on the side of the wet electric filter (1a, 1b) facing the exhaust gas flow (G), wherein a decreasing proportion by weight of the filler material to the tubular or honeycomb wall center (M) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b) (5) used and prepared by coextrusion is set.
As a result, a reduction in the adhesion of the exhaust gas particles in the exhaust gas flow (G) to the inner wall (3a, 3b) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b) has also been achieved in experiments. The gradient-like layer structure provides a good adaptation to the dielectric conditions (ε) in the exhaust gas flow (G) and thus leads to a homogeneous electric field line stability in continuous operation of the exhaust gas purification system.
In the case of a multi-layer, consisting of different plastic materials anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) and with the respective fillers (5) and Füllstoffgehalten, the volume resistances, which are in the range of 7 to 10-2 Ω cm, adapted to the in the exhaust stream (G ) are preset in the production of the wet electrostatic precipitator (1a, 1b), that is, for example, a targeted use for specific industrial emissions from coking plants, chemical plants etc are achieved.
Gesamthaft sind in Experimenten mit den vorgenannten Kunststoffmaterialien und den jeweils angegebenen Füllstoffen (5) und Füllstoffgehalten sowie Zusammensetzungen (Faser, Metallschäume) für die Antihaftungsbeschichtung/-schicht (2a,2b) Verminderungen der Partikelhaftung auf der Innenoberfläche (3a,3b) eines Nasselektrofilters (2a,2b) erzielt worden, wobei gleichzeitig die elektrische Durch-/Überschlagsfestigkeit einer in Betrieb befindlichen Abgasreinigungsanlage (A) vorteilhaft erhöht wird und damit zu Kosteneinsparungen für den Betreiber führt.Overall, in experiments with the above-mentioned plastic materials and the specified fillers (5) and filler contents as well as compositions (fiber, metal foams) for the non-stick coating / layer (2a, 2b) decreases the particle adhesion on the inner surface (3a, 3b) of a wet electrostatic precipitator ( 2a, 2b) has been achieved, at the same time the electrical breakdown / flashover resistance of an operating exhaust gas purification system (A) is advantageously increased and thus leads to cost savings for the operator.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in den
Von daher tragen Komponenten, die denjenigen entsprechen, die vorstehend schon erläutert wurden, die gleichen Bezugszeichen und werden nicht nochmals im Einzelnen beschrieben. Die Nasselektrofilter (1a, 1 b) bestehen aus alternierenden Materialien und Füllstoffen (5) mit den jeweiligen Füllstoffgehalten nach Anspruch 1 und sind in einer Abgasreinigungsanlage (A) angeordnet. Hierzu sind auch Abschnitte (6a, 6b) mit unterschiedlichen Füllstoffen (5) und Füllstoffanteilen untersucht worden. Experimentell ergaben sich ebenfalls gute Antihaftungseigenschaften der Innenoberfläche (3a, 3b) der Nasselektrofilter (1a, 1b). Weiterhin konnten auch selektiv wirkende Abgasreinigungsstufen für Industrieabgase (G) unterschiedlichster Zusammensetzung geschaffen werden. Vorteilhaft wurde eine Abgasreinigungsanlage (A) mit mehreren Nasselektrofilterbausätzen (6a, 6b) kaskadenförmig hintereinander angeordnet, wodurch ein hohes Trennvermögen der im Abgasstrom (G) befindlichen Abgaspartikel mit einer Größenordnung im Bereich von 0,3 bis 1 µm erreicht wurde.
Auch sind parallel zueinander angeordnete Nasselektrofilterbausätze (6a, 6b) in einer Abgasreinigungsanlage (A) denkbar, insbesondere wenn der Abgasstrom in einem vorgeschalteten Abgasteiler geführt wird.In a further embodiment of the invention is in the
Therefore, components corresponding to those already explained above bear the same reference numerals and will not be described again in detail. The wet electrostatic precipitators (1a, 1b) consist of alternating materials and fillers (5) with the respective filler contents according to
Also, parallel to each other wet electrostatic filter kits (6a, 6b) in an emission control system (A) are conceivable, especially when the exhaust stream is guided in an upstream exhaust divider.
Claims (5)
- Tubular or honeycomb-like wet electrofilter (1a, 1 b) for the separation of particulates from waste gases or waste gas admixtures (G) by means of a fluid, having an anti-adhesion coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) comprising a plastics material, characterized in that an electrically conductive anti-adhesion coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) is provided on the wet electrofilter inner side (3a, 3b), in that the electrically conductive anti-adhesion coating or anti-adhesion layer (2a, 2b) comprises a polyethylene (PE) and/or a polypropylene (PP) and/or a polystyrene (PS) and/or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or a polyoxymethylene (POM) and is filled with a carbon black content of from 5 to 35% by weight.
- Construction kit (6a, 6b) for a wet electrofilter installation comprising at least two tubular and/or honeycomb-like wet electrofilters (1a, 1 b) according to Claim 1.
- Construction kit (6a, 6b) for a wet electrofilter installation according to Claim 2, which is set up in such a manner that selective cleaning of the exhaust gas particulates located in the waste gas flow (G) is carried out along the inner surface (3a, 3b) of the wet electrofilters (1a, 1 b).
- Waste gas cleaning installation (A) comprising at least one construction kit (6a, 6b) according to either Claim 2 or 3 for cleaning industrial waste gases (G) which are charged with waste gas particulates.
- Waste gas cleaning installation (A) according to Claim 4, in which there are arranged wet electrofilter construction kits (6a, 6b) which are arranged parallel with each other in the case of an upstream division of the waste gas flow (G).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200631583T SI1909964T1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-06 | Plastic tube for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device |
PL06762439T PL1909964T3 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-06 | Plastic tube for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005035539A DE102005035539A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2005-07-29 | Tubular or honeycomb-like wet electro-filter for cleaning waste gas streams in power stations and chemical plants comprises an electrically conducting anti-adhesion coating or layer arranged on the inner side of the filter |
PCT/EP2006/006582 WO2007014615A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-06 | Plastic tubes for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1909964A1 EP1909964A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
EP1909964B1 true EP1909964B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
Family
ID=37000008
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06762439A Active EP1909964B1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-06 | Plastic tube for wet electrical filters and a kit for an exhaust gas cleaning device |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1909964B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005035539A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1909964T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2407142T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1909964T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1909964T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007014615A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107398349A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-28 | 德阳护球环保科技有限公司 | Improve the electric field structure of fume purifying efficiency |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202007004263U1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-07-05 | Otto Spanner Gmbh | Electric filter for cleaning flue gas, has electrode arrangement comprising spraying electrode and precipitation electrode, where one of electrodes is provided with electrically conducting coating on surface facing filter space |
EP2535115A1 (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-12-19 | GEA Bischoff GmbH | Device and method for removing particles from a gas |
EP2676734A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for separating magnetic and/or magnetisable particles from a suspension and use of the same |
AT517161A1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-15 | P & P Ind Gmbh | tube filter |
DE102019008157A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh | Electrostatic precipitator |
Citations (3)
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DE29809320U1 (en) * | 1998-05-23 | 1998-09-17 | Pestel, Manfred, Dipl.-Ing., 51067 Köln | Coating of collector plates (precipitation plates) of electrostatic filters with a non-stick coating (PTFE or similar) |
DE29920576U1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2000-02-17 | Ktd Plasticon Kunststofftechni | Wet electrostatic precipitator |
DE20115351U1 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-02-20 | Hengst Gmbh & Co Kg | Electrostatic precipitator for removal of particles wet with oil from air stream has spray electrode and collecting electrode with surface angled so that particles impact against it |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9421801U1 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1996-10-02 | Steuler-Industriewerke GmbH, 56203 Höhr-Grenzhausen | Honeycomb-shaped hollow body made of plastic, preferably polyolefins |
DE29924343U1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2002-10-24 | Steuler Industriewerke Gmbh | Rain tube bundle for wet electrostatic precipitators |
US7033668B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2006-04-25 | Tesa Ag | Electrically conductive, preferably unbacked adhesive tape with permanent full-area pressure sensitive adhesion, composed of a film of a pressure sensitive adhesive which is preferably coated onto an antiadhesive medium and has an alkaline surface |
DE10341977B4 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2016-10-06 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Apparatus for separating paint overspray, equipment for painting workpieces with such a device and method for separating paint overspray |
-
2005
- 2005-07-29 DE DE102005035539A patent/DE102005035539A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-07-06 SI SI200631583T patent/SI1909964T1/en unknown
- 2006-07-06 PL PL06762439T patent/PL1909964T3/en unknown
- 2006-07-06 DK DK06762439.5T patent/DK1909964T3/en active
- 2006-07-06 ES ES06762439T patent/ES2407142T3/en active Active
- 2006-07-06 EP EP06762439A patent/EP1909964B1/en active Active
- 2006-07-06 WO PCT/EP2006/006582 patent/WO2007014615A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29809320U1 (en) * | 1998-05-23 | 1998-09-17 | Pestel, Manfred, Dipl.-Ing., 51067 Köln | Coating of collector plates (precipitation plates) of electrostatic filters with a non-stick coating (PTFE or similar) |
DE29920576U1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2000-02-17 | Ktd Plasticon Kunststofftechni | Wet electrostatic precipitator |
DE20115351U1 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-02-20 | Hengst Gmbh & Co Kg | Electrostatic precipitator for removal of particles wet with oil from air stream has spray electrode and collecting electrode with surface angled so that particles impact against it |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107398349A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-28 | 德阳护球环保科技有限公司 | Improve the electric field structure of fume purifying efficiency |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005035539A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
ES2407142T3 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
PL1909964T3 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP1909964A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
SI1909964T1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
WO2007014615A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
DK1909964T3 (en) | 2013-05-27 |
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