EP1905052B1 - Expansion tank for a stepping switch - Google Patents

Expansion tank for a stepping switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1905052B1
EP1905052B1 EP06777798.7A EP06777798A EP1905052B1 EP 1905052 B1 EP1905052 B1 EP 1905052B1 EP 06777798 A EP06777798 A EP 06777798A EP 1905052 B1 EP1905052 B1 EP 1905052B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tap changer
changer according
folding bellows
abovementioned
expansion vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06777798.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1905052A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg FINDEISEN
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority claimed from DE200510033925 external-priority patent/DE102005033925A1/en
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL06777798T priority Critical patent/PL1905052T3/en
Publication of EP1905052A1 publication Critical patent/EP1905052A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1905052B1 publication Critical patent/EP1905052B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0044—Casings; Mountings; Disposition in transformer housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F2027/404—Protective devices specially adapted for fluid filled transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/025—Constructional details of transformers or reactors with tapping on coil or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/55—Oil reservoirs or tanks; Lowering means therefor
    • H01H33/555—Protective arrangements responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filled with an insulating liquid tap changer and means for receiving the thermally induced volume fluctuations of this insulating liquid.
  • the invention enables a hermetic closure of the switch vessel and thus a significant reduction in the aging of the switch oil.
  • the use of the arrangement according to the invention also makes it possible to dispense with dehumidifier, external expansion vessel and associated piping. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem of gas accumulation in the pipeline to the expansion vessel of hermetically sealed switches.
  • Tap changers of the type mentioned above are mainly used in power transformers for regulating the voltage under load. In operation, it comes through heating of the switching resistors, heat dissipation by the surrounding the switch and its vessel insulating and cooling medium of the transformer and other influences to significant temperature fluctuations. These cause significant changes in the volume of the insulating liquid of the tap changer. Furthermore, switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistors cause the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid and resulting gas evolution. These gases rise due to their lower density and must be removed by appropriate measures.
  • the state of the art is the use of expansion vessels mounted above the transformer, which are connected to the switch via an inclined pipeline. Through this pipeline, both the flow of the insulating liquid at thermally induced volume changes, as well as the removal of the gases.
  • WO98 / 54498 is a cover for pressure relief valves known and in DE 10312177 the integration of a cover into a pressure relief valve is described. Both solutions are associated with considerable handling problems and require a large amount of space.
  • the invention described below enables a compensation of the change in the volume of the insulating liquid during operation of the switch, while avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the present invention uses a bellows / compensator to absorb the thermally induced volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the switch.
  • Such arrangements are already off GB425169 and JP03192707 known.
  • This balancing device forms a compact assembly without additional piping and is mounted directly on the switch.
  • the shape of the expansion vessel is largely adapted to the contour of the tap changer head, so that the space requirement is kept small.
  • the expansion tank thus forms a unit with the switch and remains attached during transport. The cumbersome installation of expansion vessel and pipes in the installation of the transformer omitted.
  • this pot is formed so that a cavity is created, which can be used to accommodate or accommodate the necessary protection and monitoring technology.
  • this pot is designed such that it serves as a cover and protective cover for the protection, monitoring and control devices.
  • the design of the pot is provided as a cover and splash guard for a pressure relief valve. The pot takes over the collection and the discharge of the hot oil surge in case of failure.
  • the compensation body becomes part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer. Problems with gas accumulation in pipelines and obstruction of the oil flow with temperature changes of the insulating liquid are excluded by the elimination of the problems associated with these assemblies. Due to the inventive design of the volume compensation device can be a complete completion of the insulating liquid of the switch from the atmosphere / ambient air reach. The absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid is prevented. An influence of the electr. Damping strength of the insulating liquid by moisture is avoided and the aging of the insulating significantly reduced. The outer expansion tank, the dehumidifier and the associated piping can be omitted. Regular checking of the condition The drying agent in the dehumidifier can be saved and it comes to cost savings by eliminating the costly regular replacement of the drying agent. Pollution and disposal problems caused by spent desiccants are avoided.
  • the switch is equipped with a gas release valve (V3).
  • V3 gas release valve
  • This may conveniently be carried out or controlled so that it responds to a small gas pressure, but not in case of insulating liquid.
  • This is advantageously realized by the control of the gas outlet valve by means of a float (SW).
  • SW float
  • D1 large-area pressure relief valve
  • D1 the bellows enclosing the pressure relief valve.
  • this design also allows leakage monitoring.
  • a guide tube By using a guide tube, the bellows of the compensator can be protected against lateral deflection (kinking). This guide tube can also be used to accommodate the occurring during transport of the transformer lateral acceleration forces.
  • the Druckwellenleit adopted for the pressure relief valve is used as a guide tube for the bellows.
  • the Druckwellenleit adopted is designed such that a secure transmission of the pressure waves is ensured both with stretched compensator and with a compressed compensator.
  • Moving basic element of the compensator is the metal bellows, which has an axial mobility due to its annular circumferential waves, which in use used in the expansion vessel according to the invention to compensate for the thermally induced volume changes of the insulating liquid of the tap changer.
  • This bellows draws its flexibility from the flexibility of the radial standing flanks. It is preferable for the described application, the lyre-shaped shaft due to the great flexibility with sufficient compressive strength.
  • the compensating body is provided with a spring element in order to achieve a predetermined pressure play.
  • spring elements can also be formed by the body of the compensator itself.
  • the compensating device is equipped with a volume limitation in one or both directions.
  • a volume limitation in one or both directions.
  • This limitation is also possible by a stroke limitation of the compensation elements and a multi-part compensating device with chambers of different spring constant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switch (S) with a switch head (SK), which is arranged on the cover of a transformer.
  • the space inside the switch (S) is filled with insulating liquid. Since the housing of the switch (S) hermetically seals this, it comes when heating the insulating liquid of the switch to an increase in the internal pressure in the switch. This pressure increase causes an expansion of the compensator (K). Gases forming by thermal decomposition of oil rise upward and are guided through the cylindrical pipe sections (R1) to a monitoring device (D1). One of the two pipe segments (R1) is arranged on the movable end plate of the compensator. These pieces of pipe are designed so that they ensure a safe derivation of pressure waves to the pressure relief valve (D1) at each position of the compensator.
  • the height is dimensioned such that the compensator exploits its full flexibility and a safe flow of oil between the switch and expansion tank is ensured.
  • the cross-section of the pressure wave channel formed by the pipe section (R1) to the pressure relief valve (D1) is so large that pressure waves are passed unhindered to the pressure relief valve.
  • the oil channel in the expansion vessel is formed in the embodiment by the gap between the two pipe or guide pieces (R1) is designed so that it allows for the slowly running thermally induced volume fluctuations sufficient oil flow, for the explosive volume increases in case of damage but one such damping has that the pressure wave is not transmitted to the bellows but within the pipe socket (R1) to the pressure relief valve (D1) is performed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a tap-changer (S) with expansion vessel, a usual for tap changer protective relay (D2) via the pipe (R2) with the interior of the switch (S) is connected.
  • FIG. 3 shows an inventive embodiment of the switch expansion vessel in which a bellows (K) is installed as a negative compensator in the cylindrical expansion vessel.
  • the axial movement of the bellows leads to the adaptation of the volume.
  • the movable inner cover plate of the expansion vessel and the bellows (K) form a cavity which is used to accommodate the monitoring devices of the switch.
  • the movement of the cover plate (P2) is used on a display device (AV) for indicating the oil volume or the corresponding temperature of the insulating liquid of the tap changer.
  • FIG. 4 shows an inventive embodiment of the switch expansion vessel in which a bellows (K) as a positive compensator the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the tap changer compensates.
  • a bellows (K) as a positive compensator the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the tap changer compensates.
  • a fixed pot-shaped inner cylinder which encloses the monitoring devices of the tap changer.
  • This cup-shaped inner cylinder is advantageously largely adapted to the shape of the bellows (K) in the compressed state.
  • this inner cylinder serves at the same time as oil collection hood and splash guard for a pressure relief valve (D1) enclosed by this cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit gefüllten Stufenschalter und Einrichtungen zur Aufnahme der thermisch bedingten Volumenschwankungen dieser Isolierflüssigkeit.The invention relates to a filled with an insulating liquid tap changer and means for receiving the thermally induced volume fluctuations of this insulating liquid.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen hermetischen Abschluss des Schaltergefäßes und damit eine deutliche Reduzierung der Alterung des Schalteröles.
Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ermöglicht weiterhin den Verzicht auf Luftentfeuchter, externes Ausdehnungsgefäß und zugehörige Rohrleitungen. Des Weiteren löst die Erfindung das Problem der Gasansammlung in der Rohrleitung zum Ausdehnungsgefäß von hermetisch abgeschlossenen Schaltern.The invention enables a hermetic closure of the switch vessel and thus a significant reduction in the aging of the switch oil.
The use of the arrangement according to the invention also makes it possible to dispense with dehumidifier, external expansion vessel and associated piping. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem of gas accumulation in the pipeline to the expansion vessel of hermetically sealed switches.

Stufenschalter der oben genannten Art kommen vorwiegend in Leistungstransformatoren zum Regeln der Spannung unter Last zum Einsatz. Im Betrieb kommt es durch Erwärmung der Überschaltwiderstände, Wärmeabgabe durch das den Schalter und sein Gefäß umgebende Isolier- und Kühlmedium des Transformators und weitere Einflüsse zu erheblichen Temperaturschwankungen. Diese bewirken wesentliche Änderungen des Volumens der Isolierflüssigkeit des Stufenschalters. Weiterhin kommt es durch Schaltlichtbögen und / oder Aufheizen der Überschaltwiderstände zur thermischer Zersetzung von Isolierflüssigkeit und daraus resultierender Gasentwicklung. Diese Gase steigen auf Grund ihrer geringeren Dichte nach oben und müssen durch geeignete Maßnahmen abgeführt werden.Tap changers of the type mentioned above are mainly used in power transformers for regulating the voltage under load. In operation, it comes through heating of the switching resistors, heat dissipation by the surrounding the switch and its vessel insulating and cooling medium of the transformer and other influences to significant temperature fluctuations. These cause significant changes in the volume of the insulating liquid of the tap changer. Furthermore, switching arcs and / or heating of the switching resistors cause the thermal decomposition of insulating liquid and resulting gas evolution. These gases rise due to their lower density and must be removed by appropriate measures.

Stand der Technik ist die Verwendung von über dem Transformator angebrachten Ausdehnungsgefäßen, welche über eine geneigte Rohrleitung mit dem Schalter verbunden werden. Über diese Rohrleitung erfolgt sowohl der Fluss der Isolierflüssigkeit bei thermisch bedingten Volumenänderungen, als auch der Abtransport der Gase.The state of the art is the use of expansion vessels mounted above the transformer, which are connected to the switch via an inclined pipeline. Through this pipeline, both the flow of the insulating liquid at thermally induced volume changes, as well as the removal of the gases.

Bekannt ist die Verwendung eines gemeinsamen Ausdehnungsgefäßes für den Transformator und den Schalter, dabei kommt es jedoch zu einer Mischung der Isolierflüssigkeiten. Deshalb wird zurzeit überwiegend ein Zweikammerausdehnungsgefäß eingesetzt. Solche Ausdehnungsgefäße sind zum Beispiel in DE19527763C2 beschrieben. Nachteil dieser Ausdehnungsgefäße ist der Kontakt der Öloberfläche mit der Außenluft, was die Verwendung von so genannten Luftentfeuchtern erfordert. In diesen Luftentfeuchtern wird die Luft über ein Trocknungsmittel geführt und hierbei entfeuchtet. Die Adsorptionsfähigkeit des Trocknungsmittels (Hygroskopizität) wird hierbei aufgebraucht und das Trocknungsmittel muss regelmäßig erneuert werden. Die periodisch notwendigen Sichtprüfungen sowie der regelmäßige Austausch des Trocknungsmittels, insbesondere in Gegenden mit hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit, stellt einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor dar (Empfohlener Wartungsintervall: 3 Monate). Diese Luftentfeuchter bieten des Weiteren keinen sicheren Abschluss gegen die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit und Sauerstoff durch die Isolierflüssigkeit, insbesondere bei schneller Abkühlung des Transformators.It is known to use a common expansion vessel for the transformer and the switch, but it comes to a mixture of insulating fluids. For this reason, a two-chamber expansion vessel is currently used predominantly. Such expansion vessels are for example in DE19527763C2 described. Disadvantage of these expansion vessels is the contact of the oil surface with the outside air, which requires the use of so-called dehumidifiers. In these dehumidifiers, the air is passed over a desiccant and thereby dehumidified. The adsorption capacity of the drying agent (hygroscopicity) is used up here and the desiccant has to be renewed regularly. The periodic visual inspections and the regular replacement of the desiccant, especially in areas with high humidity, represent a considerable cost factor (recommended maintenance interval: 3 months). Furthermore, these dehumidifiers do not offer a reliable seal against the absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid, in particular during rapid cooling of the transformer.

In DE10010737A1 wird ein hermetisch abgeschlossener Transformator beschrieben, welcher zum Volumenausgleich einen dehnbaren Radiator vorsieht. Die Verwendung eines solchen Radiators zur Kompensation der Volumenausdehnung der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters erfordert einen erheblichen Aufwand und bringt Probleme bei der Abführung von Gasen aus dem Schaltergefäß. Für die Ausdehnung der Isolierflüssigkeit von Transformatoren sind Ausdehnungsgefäße bekannt, welche in der Hauptkammer eine Membran zur Trennung der Isolierflüssigkeit von der Umgebungsluft verwenden. Ein solches ist in DE3206368 beschrieben. Diese Ausdehnungsgefäße bieten zwar einen sicheren Abschluss der Isolierflüssigkeit von der Umgebungsluft, benötigen aber dennoch einen Luftentfeuchter, was mit den bereits erwähnten Nachteilen verbunden ist. Weiterhin führt der Kontakt mit der Umgebungsluft zur Alterung der Membran und bedingt somit technische Unsicherheiten.In DE10010737A1 a hermetically sealed transformer is described, which provides an expansible radiator for volume compensation. The use of such a radiator to compensate for the volume expansion of the insulating liquid of the switch requires considerable effort and brings problems in the discharge of gases from the switch vessel. For the expansion of the insulating liquid of transformers expansion vessels are known which use a membrane in the main chamber to separate the insulating liquid from the ambient air. Such is in DE3206368 described. Although these expansion vessels provide a secure conclusion of the insulating liquid from the ambient air, but still need a dehumidifier, which is associated with the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, the contact with the ambient air leads to aging of the membrane and thus causes technical uncertainties.

In DE10224074A1 ist eine Anordnung für die in den Stufenschalter führende Rohrleitung beschrieben, welche ein Labyrinthsystem zur Vermeidung des Strömens von Gasen zum Ausdehnungsgefäß nutzt. Dieses System bietet aber weder einen hermetischen Abschluss des Schalters, noch kann es das Eindringen von Gasen in die Rohrleitung vollständig verhindern. Auch die aufwändige Rohrleitungsanordnung zum Ölausdehnungsgefäß bleibt erforderlich.In DE10224074A1 an arrangement is described for the pipeline leading into the tap changer, which uses a labyrinth system to prevent the flow of gases to the expansion vessel. However, this system does not provide a hermetic closure of the switch, nor can it completely prevent the entry of gases into the pipeline. The complex piping arrangement to the oil conservator remains required.

Aus DE3504916C2 ist weiterhin ein Ausdehnungsgefäß bekannt, welches direkt auf dem Stufenschalterkopf montiert wird. Diese Lösung benötigt ebenfalls einen Luftentfeuchter, was die bekannten bereits eingangs genannten Nachteile zur Folge hat. Ein hermetischer Abschluss lässt sich auch damit nicht erzielen.Out DE3504916C2 Furthermore, an expansion vessel is known, which is mounted directly on the tap changer head. This solution also requires a dehumidifier, which has the known disadvantages already mentioned above result. A hermetic conclusion can not be achieved with it.

Aus WO98/54498 ist eine Abdeckhaube für Druckentlastungsventile bekannt und in DE 10312177 ist die Integration einer Abdeckhaube in ein Druckentlastungsventil beschrieben. Beide Lösungen sind mit erheblichen Handhabungsproblemen behaftet und erfordern einen großen Raumbedarf.Out WO98 / 54498 is a cover for pressure relief valves known and in DE 10312177 the integration of a cover into a pressure relief valve is described. Both solutions are associated with considerable handling problems and require a large amount of space.

Die im Folgenden beschriebene Erfindung ermöglicht eine Kompensation der Änderung des Volumens der Isolierflüssigkeit beim Betrieb des Schalters, bei Vermeidung der oben genannten Nachteile.The invention described below enables a compensation of the change in the volume of the insulating liquid during operation of the switch, while avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Die vorliegende Erfindung nutzt zur Aufnahme der thermisch bedingten Volumenschwankungen der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters einen Faltenbalg / Kompensator. Solche Anordnungen sind bereits aus GB425169 und JP03192707 bekannt. Diese Ausgleichvorrichtung bildet eine kompakte Baugruppe ohne zusätzliche Rohrleitungen und wird direkt auf dem Schalter montiert. Die Form des Ausdehnungsgefäßes wird weitgehend der Kontur des Stufenschalterkopfes angepasst, so dass der Raumbedarf klein gehalten wird. Das Ausdehnungsgefäß bildet somit mit dem Schalter eine Einheit und bleibt auch beim Transport angebaut. Die umständliche Montage von Ausdehnungsgefäß und Rohrleitungen bei Aufstellung des Transformators entfallen.The present invention uses a bellows / compensator to absorb the thermally induced volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the switch. Such arrangements are already off GB425169 and JP03192707 known. This balancing device forms a compact assembly without additional piping and is mounted directly on the switch. The shape of the expansion vessel is largely adapted to the contour of the tap changer head, so that the space requirement is kept small. The expansion tank thus forms a unit with the switch and remains attached during transport. The cumbersome installation of expansion vessel and pipes in the installation of the transformer omitted.

Für Volumenausgleichsvorgänge lässt sich bei Faltenbälgen und / oder Kompensatoren nur das Differenzvolumen zwischen dem gestreckten Zustand und dem zusammengefalteten Zustand nutzen. Das Grundvolumen im zusammengefalteten Zustand ist nicht nutzbar. Das nicht nutzbare Volumen wird durch Einbringen eines napf- oder topfförmigen Einsatzes auf ein Minimum begrenzt. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird dieser Topf so ausgebildet das ein Hohlraum entsteht, der zur Aufnahme oder Unterbringung der notwendigen Schutz und Überwachungstechnik genutzt werden kann.
In einer weiteren besonderen Ausbildung der Erfindung wird dieser Topf derart gestaltet, dass er als Abdeck- und Schutzhaube für die Schutz-, Überwachungs-, und Regelgeräte dient. In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Gestaltung des Topfes als Abdeckung und Spritzschutz für ein Druckentlastungsventil vorgesehen. Der Topf übernimmt das Auffangen und die Ableitung des heißen Ölschwalles im Fehlerfall.For volume compensation operations, only the differential volume between the stretched condition and the collapsed condition can be used with bellows and / or compensators. The basic volume in the folded state is not usable. The unusable volume is limited by introducing a cup or cup-shaped insert to a minimum. In a particular embodiment of the invention, this pot is formed so that a cavity is created, which can be used to accommodate or accommodate the necessary protection and monitoring technology.
In a further particular embodiment of the invention, this pot is designed such that it serves as a cover and protective cover for the protection, monitoring and control devices. In a further embodiment of the invention, the design of the pot is provided as a cover and splash guard for a pressure relief valve. The pot takes over the collection and the discharge of the hot oil surge in case of failure.

Durch diese Anordnung wird der Ausgleichkörper zum Bestandteil des Schalters. Zusätzliche externe Baugruppen entfallen und führen zu einer Vereinfachung des gesamten Transformators. Probleme mit Gasansammlungen in Rohrleitungen und eine Behinderung der Ölströmung bei Temperaturänderungen der Isolierflüssigkeit sind durch Entfall der mit diesen Problemen behafteten Baugruppen ausgeschlossen.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung der Volumenkompensationseinrichtung lässt sich ein völliger Abschluss der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters von der Atmosphäre / Umgebungsluft erreichen. Die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit und Sauerstoff durch die Isolierflüssigkeit wird verhindert. Eine Beeinflussung der elektr. Durchschlagfestigkeit der Isolierflüssigkeit durch Feuchtigkeit wird vermieden sowie die Alterung der Isolierflüssigkeit deutlich herabgesetzt. Das äußere Ausdehnungsgefäß, der Luftentfeuchter sowie die zugehörigen Rohrleitungen können entfallen. Die regelmäßige Prüfung des Zustandes des Trocknungsmittels im Luftentfeuchter kann eingespart werden und es kommt zu Kosteneinsparungen durch den Entfall des kostspieligen regelmäßigen Austausches des Trocknungsmittels. Umweltverschmutzungs- und Entsorgungsprobleme durch verbrauchte Trocknungsmittel werden vermieden.By this arrangement, the compensation body becomes part of the switch. Additional external assemblies are eliminated and simplify the entire transformer. Problems with gas accumulation in pipelines and obstruction of the oil flow with temperature changes of the insulating liquid are excluded by the elimination of the problems associated with these assemblies.
Due to the inventive design of the volume compensation device can be a complete completion of the insulating liquid of the switch from the atmosphere / ambient air reach. The absorption of moisture and oxygen by the insulating liquid is prevented. An influence of the electr. Damping strength of the insulating liquid by moisture is avoided and the aging of the insulating significantly reduced. The outer expansion tank, the dehumidifier and the associated piping can be omitted. Regular checking of the condition The drying agent in the dehumidifier can be saved and it comes to cost savings by eliminating the costly regular replacement of the drying agent. Pollution and disposal problems caused by spent desiccants are avoided.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Schalter mit einem Gasablassventil (V3) ausgerüstet. Dieses kann zweckmäßigerweise derart ausgeführt oder gesteuert werden, dass es bei einem kleinen Gasdruck anspricht, nicht jedoch bei Anliegen von Isolierflüssigkeit. Dies wird vorteilhafterweise durch die Steuerung des Gasablassventiles mittels eines Schwimmers (SW) realisiert. Dadurch ist ein ständiges Abpumpen der Gase möglich. Zum Schutz vor im Fehlerfall auftretenden Druckwellen ist erfindungsgemäß ein übliches großflächiges Druckentlastungsventil (D1) vorgesehen, wobei der Faltenbalg das Druckentlastungsventil umschließt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switch is equipped with a gas release valve (V3). This may conveniently be carried out or controlled so that it responds to a small gas pressure, but not in case of insulating liquid. This is advantageously realized by the control of the gas outlet valve by means of a float (SW). As a result, a constant pumping of the gases is possible. To protect against pressure waves occurring in the event of a fault, a conventional large-area pressure relief valve (D1) is provided according to the invention, the bellows enclosing the pressure relief valve.

Durch die Kombination einer füllstandsunabhängigen Druckentlastungseinrichtung und einer bereits bei geringem Überdruck ansprechenden füllstandsabhängigen Druckentlastungseinrichtung, lässt sich ein sicherer Berstschutz für das Schaltergefäß bei kontinuierlicher Abfuhr sich bildender Gase ermöglichen.The combination of a level-independent pressure relief device and a level-dependent pressure relief device that responds even at low overpressure, enables safe burst protection for the switch vessel with continuous removal of forming gases.

Weiterhin ist durch Verwendung eines mehrwandigen Balges eine völlige Berstsicherheit erzielbar, diese Ausführung ermöglicht außerdem eine Leckageüberwachung. Durch Verwendung eines Führungsrohres kann der Balg des Kompensators gegen seitliches Ausweichen (Knicken) geschützt werden. Dieses Führungsrohr kann ebenfalls zur Aufnahme der beim Transport des Transformators auftretenden Querbeschleunigungskäfte genutzt werden. Die Druckwellenleiteinrichtung für das Druckentlastungsventil wird als Führungsrohr für den Balg genutzt.
Die Druckwellenleiteinrichtung wird derart gestaltet, dass sowohl bei gedehntem Kompensator als auch bei gestauchtem Kompensator eine sichere Weiterleitung der Druckwellen gewährleistet ist. Bewegliches Grundelement des Kompensators ist der Metallbalg, der aufgrund seiner ringförmig umlaufenden Wellen eine axiale Beweglichkeit aufweist, die bei Anwendung im erfindungsgemäßen Ausdehnungsgefäß zum Ausgleich der thermisch bedingten Volumenänderungen der Isolierflüssigkeit des Stufenschalters genutzt wird. Dieser Balg bezieht seine Beweglichkeit aus der Biegsamkeit der radial stehenden Wellenflanken. Dabei ist für den beschriebenen Anwendungsfall die lyraförmige Welle aufgrund der großen Beweglichkeit bei ausreichender Druckfestigkeit zu bevorzugen.Furthermore, by using a multi-walled bellows a complete bursting security can be achieved, this design also allows leakage monitoring. By using a guide tube, the bellows of the compensator can be protected against lateral deflection (kinking). This guide tube can also be used to accommodate the occurring during transport of the transformer lateral acceleration forces. The Druckwellenleiteinrichtung for the pressure relief valve is used as a guide tube for the bellows.
The Druckwellenleiteinrichtung is designed such that a secure transmission of the pressure waves is ensured both with stretched compensator and with a compressed compensator. Moving basic element of the compensator is the metal bellows, which has an axial mobility due to its annular circumferential waves, which in use used in the expansion vessel according to the invention to compensate for the thermally induced volume changes of the insulating liquid of the tap changer. This bellows draws its flexibility from the flexibility of the radial standing flanks. It is preferable for the described application, the lyre-shaped shaft due to the great flexibility with sufficient compressive strength.

In einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform wird der Ausgleichskörper mit einem Federelement versehen, um ein vorbestimmtes Druckspiel zu erzielen. Diese Federelemente können auch durch den Körper des Kompensators selbst gebildet werden.In a further particular embodiment, the compensating body is provided with a spring element in order to achieve a predetermined pressure play. These spring elements can also be formed by the body of the compensator itself.

In einer speziellen Ausführung wird die Ausgleichsvorrichtung mit einer Volumenbegrenzung in eine oder auch beide Richtungen ausgerüstet. Dadurch kann beispielsweise im Schaltergefäß ein besonderen Anforderungen entsprechendes Druckspiel realisiert werden. Diese Begrenzung ist ebenfalls durch eine Hubbegrenzung der Ausgleichselemente sowie eine mehrteilige Ausgleichvorrichtung mit Kammern unterschiedlicher Federkonstante möglich.In a special embodiment, the compensating device is equipped with a volume limitation in one or both directions. As a result, for example, in the switch vessel a special requirements corresponding printing game can be realized. This limitation is also possible by a stroke limitation of the compensation elements and a multi-part compensating device with chambers of different spring constant.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Schalter (S) mit einem Schalterkopf (SK), welcher am Deckel eines Transformators angeordnet ist. Der Raum innerhalb des Schalters (S) ist mit Isolierflüssigkeit gefüllt. Da das Gehäuse des Schalters (S) diesen hermetisch abschließt, kommt es bei Erwärmung der Isolierflüssigkeit des Schalters zu einer Erhöhung des Innendruckes im Schalter. Diese Druckerhöhung bewirkt eine Streckung des Kompensators (K). Sich durch thermische Ölzersetzung bildende Gase steigen nach oben und werden durch die zylindrischen Rohrstücke (R1) zu einer Überwachungseinrichtung (D1) geführt.
Eines der beiden Rohrsegmente (R1) ist an der beweglichen Endplatte des Kompensators angeordnet. Diese Rohrstücke sind derart gestaltet das sie bei jeder Stellung des Kompensators eine sichere Ableitung von Druckwellen zum Druckentlastungsventil (D1) gewährleisten. Die Höhe ist derart bemessen dass der Kompensator seine volle Beweglichkeit ausnutzt und eine sichere Ölströmung zwischen Schalter und Ausdehnungsgefäß gewährleistet ist. Der Querschnitt des von dem Rohrstück (R1) gebildeten Druckwellenkanals zum Druckentlastungsventil (D1) ist dabei so groß, dass Druckwellen ungehindert zum Druckentlastungsventil geleitet werden. Der Ölkanal in das Ausdehnungsgefäß der im Ausführungsbeispiel durch den Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Rohr- bzw. Führungsstücken (R1) gebildet wird, ist derart gestaltet dass er für die langsam verlaufenden thermisch bedingten Volumenschwankungen einen genügenden Ölfluss ermöglicht, für die explosionsartigen Volumenvergrößerungen im Schadensfall aber eine solche Dämpfung besitzt dass die Druckwelle nicht auf den Balg übertragen wird sondern innerhalb des Rohrstutzens (R1) zum Druckentlastungsventil (D1) geführt wird. FIG. 1 shows a switch (S) with a switch head (SK), which is arranged on the cover of a transformer. The space inside the switch (S) is filled with insulating liquid. Since the housing of the switch (S) hermetically seals this, it comes when heating the insulating liquid of the switch to an increase in the internal pressure in the switch. This pressure increase causes an expansion of the compensator (K). Gases forming by thermal decomposition of oil rise upward and are guided through the cylindrical pipe sections (R1) to a monitoring device (D1).
One of the two pipe segments (R1) is arranged on the movable end plate of the compensator. These pieces of pipe are designed so that they ensure a safe derivation of pressure waves to the pressure relief valve (D1) at each position of the compensator. The height is dimensioned such that the compensator exploits its full flexibility and a safe flow of oil between the switch and expansion tank is ensured. The cross-section of the pressure wave channel formed by the pipe section (R1) to the pressure relief valve (D1) is so large that pressure waves are passed unhindered to the pressure relief valve. The oil channel in the expansion vessel is formed in the embodiment by the gap between the two pipe or guide pieces (R1) is designed so that it allows for the slowly running thermally induced volume fluctuations sufficient oil flow, for the explosive volume increases in case of damage but one such damping has that the pressure wave is not transmitted to the bellows but within the pipe socket (R1) to the pressure relief valve (D1) is performed.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Stufenschalter (S) mit Ausdehnungsgefäß, wobei ein für Stufenschalter übliches Schutzrelais (D2) über die Rohrleitung (R2) mit dem Innenraum des Schalters (S)verbunden ist. FIG. 2 shows a tap-changer (S) with expansion vessel, a usual for tap changer protective relay (D2) via the pipe (R2) with the interior of the switch (S) is connected.

Die Figur 3 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel des Schalterausdehnungsgefäßes bei welchem ein Balg (K) als negativer Kompensator in das zylindrische Ausdehnungsgefäß eingebaut ist. Die axiale Bewegung des Balges führt zur Anpassung des Volumens. Dabei bilden die bewegliche innere Deckplatte des Ausdehnungsgefäßes und der Balg (K) einen Hohlraum welcher zur Unterbringung der Überwachungsgeräte des Schalters genutzt wird. Die Bewegung der Deckplatte (P2) wird an einer Anzeigevorrichtung (AV) zur Anzeige des Ölvolumens oder der diesem entsprechenden Temperatur der Isolierflüssigkeit des Stufenschalters genutzt.The FIG. 3 shows an inventive embodiment of the switch expansion vessel in which a bellows (K) is installed as a negative compensator in the cylindrical expansion vessel. The axial movement of the bellows leads to the adaptation of the volume. In this case, the movable inner cover plate of the expansion vessel and the bellows (K) form a cavity which is used to accommodate the monitoring devices of the switch. The movement of the cover plate (P2) is used on a display device (AV) for indicating the oil volume or the corresponding temperature of the insulating liquid of the tap changer.

Die Figur 4 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel des Schalterausdehnungsgefäßes bei welchem ein Balg (K) als positiver Kompensator die Volumenschwankungen der Isolierflüssigkeit des Stufenschalters ausgleicht. Innerhalb des vom Balg gebildeten Ausdehnungsgefäßes befindet sich ein feststehender topfförmiger Innenzylinder welcher die Überwachungsgeräte des Stufenschalters umschließt. Dieser topfförmige Innenzylinder wird vorteilhafterweise weitgehend der Form des Balges (K) im gestauchten Zustand angepasst. Im Ausführungsbeispiel dient dieser innere Zylinder gleichzeitig als Ölauffanghaube und Spritzschutz für ein von diesem Zylinder umschlossenes Druckentlastungsventil (D1).The FIG. 4 shows an inventive embodiment of the switch expansion vessel in which a bellows (K) as a positive compensator the volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid of the tap changer compensates. Within the expansion vessel formed by the bellows is a fixed pot-shaped inner cylinder which encloses the monitoring devices of the tap changer. This cup-shaped inner cylinder is advantageously largely adapted to the shape of the bellows (K) in the compressed state. In the exemplary embodiment, this inner cylinder serves at the same time as oil collection hood and splash guard for a pressure relief valve (D1) enclosed by this cylinder.

Claims (16)

  1. Tap changer (S) which is filled with an insulating liquid, is provided with a housing (which is sealed tight) and an expansion vessel for absorbing the thermally dependent volume changes of the insulating liquid, wherein the movement of a folding bellows (K) is used to absorb volume fluctuations of the insulating liquid, and the expansion vessel is mounted directly on the head of the tap changer,
    characterized in that
    the folding bellows (K) surrounds a pressure relief valve (D1).
  2. Tap changer according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the oil volume of the expansion vessel is matched to the useable folding bellows volume difference by means of an inner cylinder, in the form of a pot, in the folding bellows which forms the outer wall, or by arrangement of a negative inner folding bellows in an outer cylinder in the form of a pot.
  3. Tap changer according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the inner cylinder or the inner folding bellows of the expansion vessel forms a cavity in which the required monitoring appliances and fittings for the tap changer are accommodated in a space-saving manner.
  4. Tap changer according to Claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the inner cylinder surrounds the pressure relief valve.
  5. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the folding bellows is provided with a spring element in order to achieve a predetermined pressure tolerance range.
  6. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the stationary part and the moving part of the expansion vessel are each provided with guide sleeves, and in that these guide sleeves overlap.
  7. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    a multilayer folding bellows is used.
  8. Tap changer according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that
    a leakage monitoring means is connected to the cavity between the layers for the at least two-layer folding bellows.
  9. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the tap changer is equipped with apparatuses for detection of the filling level of the insulating liquid and/or for detection of the pressure.
  10. Tap changer according to Claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the deformation of the folding bellows caused by the volume change is used for evaluation and/or indication of the switch oil volume.
  11. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the tap changer (S) is equipped with apparatuses (V3) for collecting and for letting out gases that are formed.
  12. Tap changer according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that
    these apparatuses are controlled as a function of the oil level in the expansion vessel.
  13. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the maximum expansion of the folding bellows is limited by means of suitable locks.
  14. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the resetting force for the folding bellows is produced by the weight of a weighting body.
  15. Tap changer according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that
    the required monitoring appliances and fittings for the tap changer switch form the weighting body for the resetting force of the folding bellows.
  16. Tap changer according to one of the abovementioned claims,
    characterized in that
    the folding bellows is covered by a protective shroud.
EP06777798.7A 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Expansion tank for a stepping switch Not-in-force EP1905052B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06777798T PL1905052T3 (en) 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Expansion tank for a stepping switch

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510033925 DE102005033925A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2005-07-15 Insulating-fluid-filled step switch for power transformer, uses movement of bellows to accommodate changes in volume of insulating fluid
DE102005034851 2005-07-17
PCT/EP2006/064292 WO2007009960A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Expansion tank for a stepping switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1905052A1 EP1905052A1 (en) 2008-04-02
EP1905052B1 true EP1905052B1 (en) 2017-03-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06777798.7A Not-in-force EP1905052B1 (en) 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Expansion tank for a stepping switch

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US20080196920A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1905052B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2626259T3 (en)
PL (1) PL1905052T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1905052T (en)
WO (1) WO2007009960A1 (en)

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DE102013100264A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer with a connection to the oil volume of a transformer
DE102013100263A1 (en) 2013-01-11 2014-07-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer with a connection to the oil volume of a transformer
EP2955729A1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2015-12-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Supporting device for an active section of a power converter
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CN108630398A (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-10-09 沈阳海为电力装备股份有限公司 A kind of ripple compensation radiator
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007009960A1 (en) 2007-01-25
EP1905052A1 (en) 2008-04-02
US20080196920A1 (en) 2008-08-21
PL1905052T3 (en) 2017-08-31
ES2626259T3 (en) 2017-07-24
PT1905052T (en) 2017-05-03

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