EP1904864A1 - Dispositif concu pour commander un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique et procede pour tester une premiere inductance d'un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif concu pour commander un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique et procede pour tester une premiere inductance d'un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique

Info

Publication number
EP1904864A1
EP1904864A1 EP06763696A EP06763696A EP1904864A1 EP 1904864 A1 EP1904864 A1 EP 1904864A1 EP 06763696 A EP06763696 A EP 06763696A EP 06763696 A EP06763696 A EP 06763696A EP 1904864 A1 EP1904864 A1 EP 1904864A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inductance
resonant circuit
switch
circuit
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06763696A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hartmut Schumacher
Thomas Kottke
Jens Wirth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1904864A1 publication Critical patent/EP1904864A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/2829—Testing of circuits in sensor or actuator systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/888—Head-rests with arrangements for protecting against abnormal g-forces, e.g. by displacement of the head-rest
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/72—Testing of electric windings

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for controlling an electromagnetic actuator or a method for testing a first inductance of an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the inventive device for controlling an electromagnetic actuator or the method for testing a first inductance of an electromagnetic actuator with the features of the independent claims have the advantage that the inductance is monitored or tested by means of a resonant circuit and thus a more accurate determination of the inductance possible and better monitoring of the electromagnetic actuator is achieved.
  • a precise characterization of the inductance is possible. If the inductance corresponds to predetermined parameters, the frequency of the resonant circuit is within predetermined tolerances. In the event of a defect in the inductance, for example due to reduced inductance or short-circuit circuit between coil turns, the frequency of the resonant circuit is correspondingly outside these tolerances.
  • this measurement result can then be permanently stored in a memory, for example a fault memory or a crash recorder. This is particularly useful for demonstrating a function of the actuator.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea that an inductance can be characterized particularly precisely as part of a resonant circuit, if the other parameters of the other components of the resonant circuit are known.
  • test circuit which is coupled to the inductance such that the resonant circuit is formed, for having a capacitor which is connected in parallel with a switch which is itself connected in series with the inductance.
  • Switch can advantageously be a low-side or a so-called high-side switch, so the two power switches, which are switched when the inductance is to be energized to control the actuator. These switches are thus usually switched through in the case of activation. These are, for example, power transistors, in particular MOSFET power transistors. However, it is possible that the switch may also be the high-side switch, which is thus between the inductance and the supply voltage, while the low-side switch is located between the inductance and ground. Due to the parallel connection of the capacitor to the switch, it is later possible to open the switch in the monitoring or test case, so that the capacitor then becomes part of the overall circuit and with the inductance the
  • Zener diode is provided parallel to this capacitor, to which the evaluation circuit is then coupled in order to measure the voltage in the resonant circuit.
  • the Zener diode fulfills the function of breaking through excessively high voltages in order to protect the switch, in particular the circuit breaker, from such overvoltages.
  • a capacitor is connected directly parallel to the inductance. In this case, a charge of the capacitor is then provided.
  • a test switch is advantageously provided parallel to the inductance and the switch, which is closed in the test case, so that the inductance with the switched-capacitor and the line, which has switched through the test switch, can form a resonant circuit.
  • the test switch is connected in parallel to this overall configuration. However, if only one switch is used, the test switch is connected in parallel with this switch and the inductor. In addition to these two circuit breakers, it is also possible to provide a main switch when multiple actuators are switched. This allows for increased security.
  • the two power switches can be arranged on a common substrate. However, it is possible to arrange them on separate substrates. These combination options are also given with a possible main switch. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a second test switch which is connected in parallel with an open high-side switch and connects the resonant circuit to the energy supply, that is to say, for example, the battery voltage or an energy reserve, and thus enables charging of the capacitor so that with it
  • Resonant circuit can be powered and the second switch is then closed again after charging the capacitor has been reached.
  • this voltage which is used for charging, must not be so high that a triggering of the actuator is possible. Therefore, the voltage applied to this second test switch is lower than the voltage delivered directly from the power reserve, so instead of 40V only 5V. If the energy for charging the resonant circuit from the energy reserve, preferably taken from a capacitor, then the voltage must be converted downward, most easily by a voltage divider.
  • the discharge behavior of the capacitor can be monitored in a first stage of a test method, for example in the first 10 milliseconds. It is also possible to monitor the charging behavior of the capacitor and to determine the capacitance of the capacitor based on this behavior. Then, with this measured capacitance value, the frequency of the resonant circuit can be determined more precisely, and thus also via the Thomsonian oscillation formula, the inductance.
  • a reference potential which acts as an auxiliary voltage source and charges the resonant circuit with energy.
  • the test circuit can be configured such that the resonant circuit vibrates with this oscillation around this reference potential.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first block diagram
  • FIG. 2 shows a first circuit diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows a second circuit diagram
  • FIG. 4 shows a third circuit diagram
  • FIG. 5 shows a first flow chart
  • FIG. 6 shows a first voltage-time diagram
  • FIG. 7 shows a second voltage diagram
  • Figure 8 is a third circuit diagram.
  • crash-active headrests are being installed in vehicles. These crash-active headrests have the purpose to more effectively protect against cervical vertebrae, which can happen, for example, in a rear-end collision, and thus to minimize the damage to the person.
  • a resonant circuit is formed and based on electrical parameters of the resonant circuit is determined whether the inductance is within predetermined tolerances.
  • the measurement or characterization of a resonant circuit is extremely precise and simple.
  • crash-active headrests and actuators of a pedestrian protection system can be controlled electromagnetically. It is therefore in the present case generally locking or unlocking systems for personal protection as well as roll bars.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention.
  • the actuator is represented by block 11.
  • the actuator is supplied via the block 10 with energy in the drive case.
  • a monitoring case which can take place periodically, for example, every hour, or even in much shorter time intervals, connected to a test circuit 12 to then determine via the evaluation circuit 13, whether the actuator 11 is within predetermined parameters.
  • connection of the test circuit 12 to the actuator 11 in order to form the resonant circuit with the inductance of the actuator 11 according to the invention is achieved by a microcontroller .mu.C via a switch, which is also connected to the evaluation circuit 13 and the actuator 11 is connected to check the parameters as to whether they are within predetermined tolerances. It is at least to provide a switching element that ensures that the resonant circuit is supplied with energy. This energy can be taken from the power reserve of the controller or from the battery voltage. The energy must be sized to avoid triggering the actuator 11, for example, by downconversion or current limiting that can be achieved by a current mirror.
  • the evaluation circuit 13 can be a series resistor which is connected directly to an analog digital input of the microcontroller .mu.C.
  • the microcontroller ⁇ C is furthermore connected to a sensor 14 in order to enable the actuation of the actuator 11 as a function of this sensor signal.
  • the sensor 40 may be an acceleration sensor, an environmental sensor system or combinations of acceleration and ambient sensors are possible here, and a contact sensor may additionally or instead be provided.
  • the circuit shown in Figure 1 is simplified, so that not all components are shown, which are necessary torik for the complete operation of the device for driving the actuator 11. Here is focused solely on the monitoring of the actuator 11.
  • FIG. 8 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • An energy supply VT as a voltage source is connected to a series resistor R Test and to ground on the other side.
  • the series resistor R Test is connected on the other side to a test switch T, a high-side switch HI and a coil L.
  • the high-side switch HI is a circuit breaker connected to an energy reserve or other energy source. If the high-side switch HI turns on, then the coil is energized with this energy and the actuator 11 is triggered.
  • the power supply VT is dimensioned via the series resistor R Test so that it does not lead to the actuation of the actuator, but only to charge the resonant circuit.
  • the coil L is here a real coil, so with energy loss through the volume resistance.
  • the coil is connected on the other side with a capacitor C and a low-side switch, which are connected to ground on the other sides.
  • the test switch T is connected to ground on the other side.
  • the switch LO is opened, so that the capacitor C in series with the coil
  • the test switch T is closed, because until then, the capacitor C is charged and thus the resonant circuit.
  • the coil is tested by determining the frequency of the resonant circuit, because the frequency and the known capacitance of the capacitor C can be determined by the Thomson oscillation formula
  • Inductance of the coil L can be determined
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • a high side switch HI is connected on one side to a power supply and on the other side to a coil L and a test switch Tl and a test switch T2.
  • the test switch Tl is on the other side also connected to the power supply or an auxiliary voltage.
  • the test switch T2 is connected on the other side to ground or a diode D to a capacitor C and the low-side switch LO.
  • the coil L is connected on the other side to a resistor R which is to represent the ohmic resistance of the coil L, i. the coil L represents an ideal inductance.
  • the resistance R of the coil is connected on the other side to the other side of the diode D, the other side of the capacitor C and the other side of the low side switch LO. At this point, the signal to be evaluated can be tapped in the test case.
  • the high side switch HI is initially opened, the test switch Tl is closed and the test switch T2 is opened.
  • the low side switch LO is also open.
  • the capacitor C can be charged.
  • the test switch Tl is opened and the test switch T2 is closed.
  • a resonant circuit of the coil L and the capacitor C and the resistor R is formed, and it comes to vibrations. These vibrations over each Component of the resonant circuit can be tapped, are mainly via the diode D, which is designed as a Zener diode, measured and the evaluation circuit 13 is supplied. About the vibrations, the frequency of the resonant circuit can be measured. From the frequency above the known value of the capacitance of the capacitor C, the inductance L of the coil can be determined. The resistor R leads only to the damping of the vibrations and has only a small influence on the frequency of the resonant circuit, which can be determined by the known Thomson 'see vibration formula.
  • the value of the inductance L is then compared via the evaluation circuit 13 and the microcontroller .mu.C with predetermined values in order to determine whether the inductance L is still within predetermined tolerances. If the inductance L is outside given tolerances, this is indicated to the driver to initiate a workshop visit.
  • test switch T 1 is necessary in order not to load the high-side switch H 1 with the high voltage of the energy reserve in such a way that the maximum permissible voltage is exceeded
  • Non-tripping current is exceeded and the energy content of the coil L would take too high a level and the negative amplitude of the oscillation could reach too much below the ground potential, so that the function of the microcontroller ⁇ C could be disturbed, the positive amplitude could be above the allowable positive voltage at Input of an analog-to-digital converter of the evaluation circuit.
  • Figure 3 illustrates in a further circuit example an extension of the circuit according to Figure 2.
  • the same components are designated here by the same designations.
  • a reference potential V is provided, which raises the reference point to a potential that is easy to evaluate.
  • the reference potential is provided by a voltage regulator, which is usually present in the controller as an ASIC or part of an ASIC.
  • the HET is a counter that measures the zero crossings within a certain period of time.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment variant of the device according to the invention.
  • two actuator coils Ll and L2 connected in parallel.
  • Two high side Switches Hl and H2 are each connected to one another on the one side and connected to the supply voltage via a polarity reversal protection diode, not shown.
  • the high side switch Hl is connected to the coil Ll, which is connected on the other side to the capacitor C5 and the low side switch LOl.
  • the low-side switch LO1 is connected to ground on the other side as well as the capacitor C5.
  • the high side switch H2 is connected on the other side to the coil L2, which is connected on the other side to the capacitor C6 and the low side switch LO2.
  • the low side switch LO2 is connected to ground on the other side like the capacitor C6. Furthermore, a test switch Tl is provided, which connects a power supply, so that the capacitors C5 and C6 can be charged.
  • the test switch Tl is connected via a diode D13 to the coils Ll and L2 and the high-side switches Hl and H2.
  • the high side switches Hl and H2 remain open and the test switch Tl is closed in order to supply the capacitors C5 and C6 with energy.
  • the low-side switches LO1 and LO2 remain open, as also during the charging process, so that the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C6 are in each case in series with the coils L1 and L2 and are charged.
  • the actuator coils L1 and L2 and the capacitors C5 and C6 then form a resonant circuit.
  • the oscillation frequency does not then correspond to a predetermined value when the coils Ll and L2 differ in the inductance.
  • the voltage is measured via Zener diodes (not shown, for example), a voltage curve is obtained which has a vibration behavior with damping. This can also be obtained over any other component of the resonant circuit.
  • the time of the first maximum is determined. If the maximum is outside a certain tolerance limit, it must be assumed that one of the two coils is defective. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the frequency by determining the time interval between two maxima.
  • the inductance can be calculated by means of the Thomson oscillation formula.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention.
  • the test circuit is switched on to form the resonant circuit.
  • the resonant circuit may begin to vibrate, it must be powered, which is performed in step 501.
  • the capacitor is charged. This charging process can be monitored to determine the capacitance of the capacitor. This then makes the subsequent determination of the inductance more precise.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor is determined by means of its charging curve. But also the discharge curve can be used.
  • this value can then be taken into account for the calculation for the inductance of the coil, which is determined starting from the time, for example, of 20 milliseconds on the basis of the resonant circuit frequency.
  • the energy supply is then decoupled and in method step 502b, if appropriate, the side of the inductance connected to the high-side switch is switched to the reference potential or to ground.
  • the one or more corresponding electrical parameters which are characteristic of the resonant circuit are recorded. Characteristic of the resonant circuit is the frequency. This is calculated from the inductance and the capacitance of the resonant circuit. To a lesser extent, the damping also decreases
  • Influence Either, for example, the period between two maxima used for frequency determination, or a timer is started at a zero crossing, stopped at the next zero crossing, measured the duration and determined according to the number of zero crossings the period or frequency. It is also possible to use the time period between only two zero crossings for frequency determination. To eliminate a possible DC component of the voltage to be measured, a capacitor can be inserted between the size to be measured and the evaluation circuit
  • step 504 If the inductance can now be determined by the parameters of the resonant circuit, then it is checked in method step 504 whether the inductance corresponds to predetermined tolerances. If so, the process waits in step 505 until the next test cycle can be performed. If this is not the case, in step 506 this error is signaled to the driver.
  • the signaling can be provided via the on-board computer, via dashboard lamps, via voice output or via a head-up display. be taken. An automatic transmission to a remote maintenance is possible. In addition, it is possible to store this result in a memory in order to be available for later evaluation.
  • the capacitor In a first time period according to FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 to Ti, the capacitor is charged. For the voltage drops from 8 volts to 4 volts as shown in FIG. Starting from Ti, the oscillations which occur periodically and are attenuated due to the coil resistance R and therefore decay in amplitude with an e-function. In FIG. 6, the oscillation is around the ground potential, in FIG. 7 the potential Uref of the reference voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif conçu pour commander un système d'actionnement électromagnétique, ainsi qu'un procédé pour tester une inductance d'un système d'actionnement électromagnétique. Selon cette invention, l'inductance est reliée à un circuit de test de manière à obtenir un circuit oscillant. Un circuit d'évaluation permet d'évaluer au moins un paramètre électrique de ce circuit oscillant afin de déterminer si l'inductance se trouve dans des tolérances prédéfinies.
EP06763696A 2005-07-13 2006-06-14 Dispositif concu pour commander un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique et procede pour tester une premiere inductance d'un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique Withdrawn EP1904864A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005033151A DE102005033151A1 (de) 2005-07-13 2005-07-13 Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer elektromagnetischen Aktuatorik und Verfahren zum Testen einer ersten Induktivität einer elektromagnetischen Aktuatorik
PCT/EP2006/063182 WO2007006620A1 (fr) 2005-07-13 2006-06-14 Dispositif concu pour commander un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique et procede pour tester une premiere inductance d'un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1904864A1 true EP1904864A1 (fr) 2008-04-02

Family

ID=36673329

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06763696A Withdrawn EP1904864A1 (fr) 2005-07-13 2006-06-14 Dispositif concu pour commander un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique et procede pour tester une premiere inductance d'un systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090219033A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1904864A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009501505A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005033151A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007006620A1 (fr)

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JP5199231B2 (ja) * 2006-03-21 2013-05-15 ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション シリコーンポリエーテルエラストマーゲル
FR2973155B1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2017-02-10 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede et dispositif de diagnostic d'un actionneur, et actionneur comportant un tel dispositif
DE102014002388A1 (de) * 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH Verfahren und Messeinheit zur Ermittlung von Wicklungsfehlern in Elektrogeräten
TWI589891B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2017-07-01 致茂電子股份有限公司 繞線元件的檢測裝置及其檢測方法
US10578666B2 (en) * 2016-07-18 2020-03-03 Texas Instruments Incorporated Low-energy actuator (LEA) diode detection
CN113325340B (zh) * 2021-04-23 2022-08-12 上海卫星工程研究所 双超卫星磁浮作动器极性测试方法、系统及装置

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DE2021029C3 (de) * 1970-04-24 1974-01-10 Askania Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Verfahren zur Messung der Induktivität von elektrischen Spulen mit einem Eisenkern und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005033151A1 (de) 2007-01-18
US20090219033A1 (en) 2009-09-03
JP2009501505A (ja) 2009-01-15
WO2007006620A1 (fr) 2007-01-18

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