EP1899719A2 - Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro- ou nanofluidique - Google Patents
Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro- ou nanofluidiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1899719A2 EP1899719A2 EP06778690A EP06778690A EP1899719A2 EP 1899719 A2 EP1899719 A2 EP 1899719A2 EP 06778690 A EP06778690 A EP 06778690A EP 06778690 A EP06778690 A EP 06778690A EP 1899719 A2 EP1899719 A2 EP 1899719A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymers
- capillary
- coating
- use according
- polymer coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 126
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- CCIDRBFZPRURMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-propylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C CCIDRBFZPRURMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)C=C WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005570 flexible polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUYFVAKRDKPGNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-3-phenyldiazenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)O)=CN=NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUYFVAKRDKPGNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(N)=O WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFIHOXAQIJAIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C=C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 YFIHOXAQIJAIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003213 poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FCZRAAJZTGOYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpent-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)C=C(C)C(N)=O FCZRAAJZTGOYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 49
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 15
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQIGLEFUZMIVHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C(C)=C YQIGLEFUZMIVHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZXQOBTQMLMZFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhex-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCC=C(C)C(N)=O ZXQOBTQMLMZFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVVDKUPCWXUVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Aminosalicylate sodium anhydrous Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C(O)=C1 FVVDKUPCWXUVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SZXDLHQBFACAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCC(O)CCCC[SiH3] Chemical compound OCC(O)CCCC[SiH3] SZXDLHQBFACAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001688 coating polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011557 critical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004226 microchip electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3405—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
- C03C17/004—Coating the inside
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
- G01N27/44752—Controlling the zeta potential, e.g. by wall coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/31—Pre-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of microfluidics and in particular to that of electrophoresis on a micro- or nanofluidic device.
- It relates more particularly to the use of a reactive polymer coating capable of undergoing phase separation under the influence of external stimulation, to modulate electrokinetic flows (electroosmotic and electrophoretic flow during electrophoresis, for example) in a micro device. or nanofluidic, a method for varying the electrokinetic flows within such a device by implementing said coating, as well as micro- or nanofluidic devices comprising at least one channel or a capillary whose internal surface is covered at least partly by such a coating.
- electrophoresis When performing electrophoresis, the movement and subsequent separation of charged objects is caused by the application of an electric field. Originally, electrophoresis was performed on non-convective media such as porous paper or polyacrylamide or agarose gels.
- Capillary electrophoresis is an analytical method of separating charged or neutral molecules under the influence of an electric field inside a capillary.
- An evolution of this technique is to perform the microchip separation, which drastically speeds up the analysis time and reduces it to a few seconds.
- K "1 is the length or thickness of the electrical double layer (also known as the Debye length) and ⁇ z is the surface charge (or zeta potential)
- the Debye length is the largest scale of length in the field of electrokinetics.It is inversely proportional to the square root of the concentration of electrolyte within the solution (K "1 ⁇ c " I / 2 )
- K '1 is of the order of a few nanometers in standard physiological buffers and can reach values up to 1 ⁇ m in pure water at pH 7.
- the electrophoretic mobility becomes independent of the size of the charged molecules in the case of larger molecules (K '1 "R) because the electric force and the friction force are both proportional to the size of the molecules.
- uniformly charged large molecules such as, for example, oligonucleotides larger than 15 mers, DNA, uniformly charged proteins, and polysaccharides migrate in electric fields at non-dependent rates. of their size.
- D the molecular diffusion coefficient
- t the time.
- electrophoretic flow a movement of the electrophoretic solution (aqueous solution of electrolytes) is also observed. This movement is called the electroosmotic flow (FEO) (or in English “Electro-Osmotic Flow”: EOF or "plug-like flow”).
- FEO electroosmotic flow
- EOF electroosmotic flow
- This EOF is characterized by a flat velocity profile and a dispersion of the purely diffusive sample.
- an electrolyte is adjacent to on the surface, this surface can be charged via the ionization of the chemical groups covalently bonded to said surface (for example, glass surfaces which produce SiOH-type surface groups and which release protons in the presence of water) or via adsorbed ions.
- K 1 ( ⁇ b ⁇ 0 k B T / 2cz 2 e 2 ) 1/2 (eq 6) in which, C is the electrolyte concentration, Z is the charge of the electrolyte ions and e is the charge of an electron.
- the local electric field that is tangent to the channel surface generates a force in the fluid mass, the said force inducing shear and generating a movement of the liquid inside the canal.
- This movement of liquid is called electroosmosis.
- the electroosmotic flow velocity is zero on the surface • of the channel and increases near the electric double layer and becomes constant beyond this double layer.
- the speed of the electroosmotic flow is proportional to the intensity of the electric field and to the surface potential (zeta potential) and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid within the double electric layer; it does not depend on the diameter of the channel as long as the diameter d is much larger than the thickness of the electric double layer (J "K). Obviously, this applies to most microfluidic systems in which the diameter of the channels or capillaries is usually of the order of one micron while the thickness of the Debye layer is of the order of one nanometer.
- capillary or microchip electrophoresis has a number of significant disadvantages.
- it is very sensitive to both the chemistry of the solution and the chemistry of the surface of the capillary or microchip. This often leads to flux changes during the analysis that compromise reproducibility and quantification.
- uncontrolled and unexpected changes in the electroosmotic flow can lead to the failure of the method.
- electroosmosis is therefore an important task, especially during electrophoretic separations, insofar as the magnitude and direction of the electroosmotic flow affect the eigenmobility of the analytes in the system.
- the electroosmotic flow is indeed influenced by the presence of the Debye layer present at the solid / liquid interface and is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the surface and the electrolyte composition.
- Water is the solvent usually used in capillary electrophoresis (CE).
- CE capillary electrophoresis
- the electroosmotic flow (FEO) in silica glass capillaries is directed to the cathode and the magnitude depends on the pH of the buffer and its concentration. It is possible to vary the FEO by adding surfactants to the electrolyte. However, this approach has a number of disadvantages in that it requires changes in the composition of the aqueous solution of electrolytes that are not always allowed, nor reversible; it is also difficult to implement dynamically during the analysis.
- One of the most effective ways to vary the FEO in micro- or nanofluidic systems, and particularly in capillary electrophoresis devices, is the chemical modification of the surface of the capillaries by the application of appropriate surface coatings.
- Coatings of a chemical nature often consist of hydrophilic, neutral or charged polymer brushes.
- a coating consisting of neutral polymer brushes is generally employed.
- Such polymer brushes significantly increase the viscosity of the solution in the electrical double layer and hydrodynamically couple this electrical double layer with the rest of the solution.
- Nashabed W. and El Rassi Z. disclose the preparation of silica glass capillaries having hydroxylated polyether functions attached to the inner surface of the walls and their use for separation. proteins by EC.
- the hydrophilic coatings consist of two layers: an underlayer of glyceropropylpolysiloxane (covalently bonded to the inner surface of the capillary) and a polyether type surface layer.
- the capillary wall is coated with polysiloxane polyether chains covalently attached to the inner surface of the capillary. The authors indicate that these coatings reduce the adsorption of solutes on the walls, while being stable and with separative properties, thus leading to reliable and reproducible results.
- epoxy polymers covalently bound to the silica via a glycerylpropylsilane arm (coating limiting the interactions with the proteins by steric hindrance due to the presence of the silanol groups);
- crosslinked polyvinylmethylsiloxanediols then coated with a linear polyacrylamide layer attached via double bonds to the siloxanediol; the polyacrylamide being finally crosslinked with formaldehyde (static neutral coating);
- polyvinyl alcohols making it possible to produce permanent coatings which are stable over a wide pH range and which can be used for the separation of glycoproteins; homopolymers simply adsorbed on the internal surfaces of the capillaries such as PVA, polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA), polyethylene oxides (PEO) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and leading to polymer layers with a fractal structure; the best performing polymer for removing the OEM is PDMA (Madabhushi R.S., Electrophoresis, 1998, 19, 224-230). All of these polymers nevertheless have the disadvantage of leading to passive coatings, that is to say for which it is not possible to vary the properties under the action of external stimulation.
- reactive polymer brushes may for example be obtained from poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) type polymers (PNIPAM) which undergo a phase transition (ball-cell) to their lowest critical solution temperature (LCST), which is about 32 ° C ⁇ 1 to 2 ° C pure in water (Heskins, M. et al, J Macromol, Sci., Chem., 1968, A2, 1441 and Schild, HG, Polym Sci Prog, 1992, 17, 163).
- LCST lowest critical solution temperature
- the surfaces coated with such a polymer have temperature-dependent properties such as wettability and coating thickness.
- PNIPAM-containing copolymer-modified silica beads have been used as a stationary phase for controlled temperature liquid chromatographic separations (Kanazawa, H. et al., Anal Chem., 1996, 68, 100-105). ). Magnetic particles functionalized with PNIPAM were used in controlled adsorption and desorption experiments of proteins (Elaissari A.
- the term "regulation" means any increase, decrease or disappearance of the electrokinetic flows, from the static and dynamic, spatial and temporal point of view.
- the inventors have, in particular, surprisingly found that under certain conditions, the grafting of a coating on at least a portion of the internal surface of a channel of variable geometry or of a capillary of a micro- or nanofluidic device , makes it possible to respond to this technical problem when said coating is obtained from flexible polymers capable of undergoing phase separation in aqueous solution (reversible separation: ball-cell transition).
- the present invention therefore firstly relates to the use of a reactive polymer coating, grafted onto at least a portion of the internal surface of a channel or capillary of a micro-or nanofluidic device containing at least one solution.
- aqueous electrolyte composition said surface comprising electrically charged chemical groups forming a double electrical layer at the liquid-solid interface, said coating having the following characteristics: a) it consists of a layer of flexible polymers capable of undergoing separation phase (ball-cell transition) in aqueous solution under the influence of external stimulation of a physical or chemical nature, b) the polymers are grafted covalently on said surface by only one of their ends, to modulate, reversibly, and control the electrokinetic flows within said device by varying the viscosity of the aqueous solution of electrolytes only within the electrical double layer under the influence of external activation of a chemical or physical nature.
- the thickness of the layer of polymers constituting the grafted coating can vary due to a phase separation (ball-cell transition). polymers that become more or less soluble in the aqueous solution of electrolytes.
- the change in thickness of the polymer coating varies the viscosity of the solution of the electrical double layer present at the liquid-solid interface of the micro- or nanofluidic device but does not vary the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution outside. from this area. This viscosity change of the solution near the internal surface only (of the order of a few nanometers) thus makes it possible to significantly vary the electrokinetic properties of the device or those of the charged molecules.
- a decrease in the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution present within the electrical double layer located at the liquid-solid interface of the micro- or nanofluidic device causes an increase in the electrokinetic flow.
- the polymers are said to be "activated", the thickness of the polymer coating is less than the thickness of the electrical double layer present at the liquid-solid interface of the micro- or nanofluidic device, thus leading to an increase in the electrokinetic flow.
- an increase in the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution present within the electrical double layer located at the liquid-solid interface of the micro- or nanofluidic device causes a decrease in the electrokinetic flow.
- the polymers are said to be "inactivated", the thickness of the polymer coating is greater than the thickness of the electrical double layer present at the liquid-solid interface of the micro- or nanofluidic device, thus leading to a decrease in electroosmotic flow.
- grafted onto at least a portion of the inner surface means that the grafting of the polymers may be carried out on an inner surface having an area less than or equal to the total area of the inner surface of the capillary.
- the thickness of the electric double layer present at the interface of the electrophoresis device is generally between about 0.1 nm and 1 ⁇ m, preferably between about 0.5 and 10 nm and even more preferentially. between 1 and 5 nm approximately.
- the inner surface of the device may be flat, concave or micro- or nanostructured and may consist of any solid material whose surface may be functionalized with ionizable chemical groups in aqueous solution.
- any solid material whose surface may be functionalized with ionizable chemical groups in aqueous solution.
- materials there may be mentioned glass, quartz, silica and polymeric materials such as plastics.
- the channel of the device may have a variable geometry.
- the channel and the capillary have dimensions such that their smaller width or diameter is greater than the thickness of the electric double layer. This dimension is preferably less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than or equal to about 0.5 mm and even more preferably less than or equal to about 0.1 mm.
- the chemical groups present on the internal surface of the channel or the capillary are electrically charged because they are chosen from ionizable chemical groups in the presence of an aqueous solution.
- silanol groups when the inner surface is a hydrated silica oxide, quartz or glass; primary, secondary or tertiary amines; sulphate, sulphonate, phosphonate and carboxylic groups. It is the presence of these charged groups on the internal surface of the device which leads to the formation of the electrical double layer at the liquid-solid interface.
- the polymers that can be used according to the invention are grafted covalently onto the inner surface of said channel or said capillary, preferably via chemical groups chosen from silanol (-Si-OH) and vinyl (CH-CH 2 ) groups. , carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH 2 ), epoxy (-CH- (O) CH 2 ), oxyamine (-O-NH 2 ), thiol (-SH), halide (-Br or -Cl), etc.
- the inner surface of the channel or the capillary can be modified by at least two types of chemical groups of different nature.
- the first type of chemical groups can be used for the covalent grafting of the polymers constituting the reactive coating
- the second type of chemical groups can be used to electrically charge the inner surface of the channel or the capillary and possibly to fix molecules such as probe molecules of biological nature that are not sensitive to chemical or physical activation that will be used to activate the polymer coating.
- the probe molecules become accessible for the target molecules possibly present in the aqueous electrolyte solution, whereas they are not accessible when the reactive polymers are not activated.
- the graft density of the polymer chains constituting the reactive coating is less than the density of the surface chemical groups, and this, whatever their nature. In this case, chemical groups remain free after the grafting of the polymer coating.
- the polymers that can be used in accordance with the invention respond to external stimulation by phase separation.
- the thickness of the reactive polymer coating is greater than that of the electrical double layer.
- the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution in the double electric layer is greater than that of the aqueous electrolyte solution outside this double layer and tends to infinity.
- the electrokinetic flow of the aqueous electrolyte solution electrokinetic flow of the aqueous electrolyte solution (electroosmotic flow) tends to zero.
- the thickness of the polymer coating is lower than that of the electrical double layer (polymers in globular conformation).
- the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution within the electrical double layer is equal to or substantially equal to that of the aqueous electrolyte solution outside this double layer.
- the electroosmotic flow of the aqueous electrolyte solution is different from zero and proportional to the surface potential (zeta potential).
- the graft density of the polymers forming the coating is such that the distance separating the anchoring points of two polymer chains on said surface is greater than, equal to or less than the radius of gyration of said chains.
- the grafting density of the polymers is such that the polymers are in the form of a discontinuous and heterogeneous coating when the polymers are in the collapsed state ("activated" polymers) and form holes allowing the surface charges to be exposed to the aqueous solution of electrolytes.
- a polymer is said to be "flexible” when the theoretical length of its chain L is greater than its remanent length.
- the polymers that can form the coating that can be used according to the invention can be linear or branched. They are preferably chosen from linear polymers.
- the polymers that can be used according to the invention can be classified according to the nature of the activation to which they are conformationally sensitive (chemical: pH, ionic strength for example or physical: light, temperature, magnetic field). or electric).
- the polymer coating consists of polymers chosen from polymers sensitive to external activation of a physical nature.
- polymers sensitive to temperature variations that is to say whose solubility, and therefore the three-dimensional conformation, vary as a function of temperature variations.
- the polymer brushes constituting the reagent coating that can be used according to the invention are in a hydrated state and swollen in an aqueous solution when the temperature of said solution is less than.
- LCST and become hydrophobic and collapse when the temperature of the solution is higher than the LCST.
- polymers sensitive to physical activation mention may also be made of polymers sensitive to light irradiation.
- polymers sensitive to light irradiation include especially polymers comprising an azobenzene unit, among which may be mentioned for example copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and N- (4- (phenylazo) -phenyl) -acrylamide, copolymers of dimethylacrylamide and phenylazophenylacrylate.
- the polymer brushes constituting the reactive coating used according to the invention are in a hydrated state and swollen in aqueous solution when they are not activated by light and become hydrophobic and collapse after light irradiation.
- the polymer coating consists of polymers sensitive to external activation of a chemical nature such as a pH variation. It is thus possible to obtain a polymer coating consisting of neutral polymers in the form of a brush of swollen and hydrophilic polymers at acidic pH (or conversely at basic pH) while the coating collapses and becomes hydrophobic at pH basic (or conversely at acidic pH).
- Such coatings can be obtained from hydrophilic monomers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and monomers having ionizable chemical groups in aqueous solution such as acrylic groups.
- the polymer coating can be synthesized in situ or ex situ according to the polymerization and grafting techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the reactive polymer coating that may be used according to the invention may, for example, be prepared in situ, by bringing the surface to be coated into contact with a solution containing the monomers corresponding to the polymers that it is desired to obtain, and then by in situ polymerization according to the techniques conventional polymerization commonly used by those skilled in the art, said surface naturally comprising, or having previously been functionalized by, chemical groups capable of binding covalently to one end of the monomers.
- the polymer coating can also be prepared from polymers already formed, that is to say previously synthesized ex situ, in which case the internal surface of the capillary is brought into contact with a solution of polymers already formed in order to allow their grafting. covalent on the inner surface having naturally or, having been previously functionalized by, chemical groups capable of bonding with only one end of the polymer chains.
- a second object of the present invention is a method for reversibly varying and controlling electrokinetic flows within a micro- or nanofluidic device comprising at least one channel or at least one capillary capable of containing an aqueous solution.
- electrolytes characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: i) forming a reactive polymer coating on at least a portion of the inner surface of said channel or said capillary, said surface having electrically charged chemical groups forming an electrical double layer at the liquid-solid interface, said coating being as defined above, ii) increasing and / or decreasing the viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte solution only within the electrical double layer by activating and / or inactivating said coating by applying external stimulation of a physical or chemical nature.
- step ii) is an activation step.
- the polymer coating is preferably made of polymers sensitive to temperature variations and the activation is carried out by heating the aqueous electrolyte solution to a temperature above the LCST of the polymers constituting the coating.
- the reactive coating consists of PNIPAM polymers and the activation is carried out by heating the aqueous electrolyte solution to a temperature slightly above about 32 ° C., preferably at a temperature between 35 and 50 ° C.
- step ii) is an inactivation step.
- the polymer coating is preferably made of polymers sensitive to temperature variations and the inactivation is carried out by cooling the aqueous electrolyte solution to a temperature below the LCST of the polymers constituting the coating.
- the reactive coating consists of PNIPAM polymers and the inactivation is carried out by cooling the electrophoretic solution at a temperature slightly below 32 ° C., preferably at a temperature of between 15 and 30 ° C.
- a last object of the invention is a micro- or nanofluidic device characterized in that it comprises at least one channel or at least one capillary of which at least a part of the internal surface is electrically charged and covered with a reactive polymer coating as previously described.
- a particularly preferred micro- or nanofluidic device according to the invention is a device in which the reactive coating consists of polymers sensitive to external stimulation of a physical nature, and in particular to temperature variations, such as PNIPAM-type polymers.
- the micro- or nanofluidic device according to the invention is preferably equipped with means for reversibly varying and controlling, locally or globally, the temperature of an aqueous solution.
- electrolyte present inside the channel or the capillary (means of heating and / or cooling).
- the channel or the capillary of the micro- or nanofluidic device according to the invention may for example be connected to at least two reservoirs which contain an aqueous solution of electrolytes, said solutions being identical or different from a reservoir. to the other, as well as electrodes for applying an electrical potential through the channel or the capillary.
- the channel or the capillary of the device according to the invention can be connected at one of its ends to a reservoir containing an aqueous solution of electrolytes and at the other end to a mass spectrometer.
- the channel or capillary may be part of a micro- or nanofluidic device comprising a plurality of reservoirs containing aqueous solutions of electrolytes identical to or different from each other and a plurality of electrodes.
- the invention also comprises other arrangements which will emerge from the description which follows, which refers to examples of preparation of silica glass capillaries whose inner surface comprises a reactive polymer coating according to the invention.
- invention as well as in appended Figures 1 to 5, in which:
- Figure 1 represents the speed of the electroosmotic flow expressed in cmW.s. as a function of the temperature expressed in 0 C, in a silica glass capillary whose inner surface comprises a PNIPAM-based polymer coating;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a micro- or nanofluidic device according to the invention.
- This device consists of a furnace 1 provided with a high voltage supply 2 connected to two electrodes of plates 4 each immersed in a plastic reservoir 6 filled with a buffer solution, said platinum electrodes 4 being connected to the power supply. 2 via high voltage cables 5; the two tanks are connected to each other by a silica glass capillary 3, each end of which is immersed in an aqueous solution of electrolytes contained in the tanks 6.
- the inner surface of the capillary 3 is covered with a PNIPAM-type polymer coating;
- FIG. 3 represents the infrared (IR) spectrum of a PNIPAM-based polymer coating grafted onto a silica surface on which the absorbance expressed in arbitrary units is a function of the wavelength expressed in cm -1 ;
- FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the advance contact contact angle of water as a function of temperature on a grafted surface with a silane layer (open triangles) and on a grafted surface with a polymer coating based on PNIPAM (filled diamonds);
- FIG. 5 represents the speed of the electroosmotic flow expressed in cm 2 / Vs as a function of the temperature expressed in ° C., in an untreated silica glass capillary (solid diamonds), in a silica glass capillary whose surface internal comprises a polyacrylamide polymer coating (solid squares) and in a silica glass capillary whose inner surface comprises a polymer coating based on PNIPAM (solid triangles).
- EXAMPLE 1 PREPARATION OF A SILICA GLASS CAPILLARY COMPRISING AN INTERNAL SURFACE COVERED WITH A POLYMERIC COATING OF THE PNIPAM TYPE
- This example as well as FIG. 1, relate to the application of a PNIPAM-type polymer coating on the inner surface of a silica glass electrophoresis capillary (capillary sold by Polymicro Technology, L.LC. .) with an internal diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an external diameter of 365 ⁇ m, as well as its use to vary the viscosity of an aqueous electrolyte solution within the electrical double layer by external stimulation and thus control the electroosmotic flow.
- PNIPAM-type polymer coating on the inner surface of a silica glass electrophoresis capillary (capillary sold by Polymicro Technology, L.LC. .) with an internal diameter of 100 ⁇ m and an external diameter of 365 ⁇ m, as well as its use to vary the viscosity of an aqueous electrolyte solution within the electrical double layer by external stimulation and thus control the electroosmotic flow.
- the polymer coating was synthesized from monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) sold under the reference 415324 by Sigma-Aldrich.
- NIPAM N-isopropylacrylamide
- the capillary was washed with sodium hydroxide solution (0.2M) for 2 hours, then with hydrochloric acid (0.2 M) for 2 hours also and finally with deionized water (sold under the trademark MiIiQ by the company Millipore) for 30 minutes.
- the capillary was then dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 ° C for 2 hours, rinsed with ethanol for 30 minutes and then with trichlorethylene for 30 minutes.
- the inner surface of the capillary was then silanized with a 10% (w / v: w / v) solution of 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (sold as M6514 by Sigma-Aldrich) in trichlorethylene for 2 hours.
- NIPAM sodium metabisulfite
- the electroosmotic flow in the capillary thus obtained was measured on an electrophoresis apparatus capillary sold under the trade name P / ACE MDQ® by the company Beckmam-Coulter.
- Acetone has been used as a neutral marker for the measurement of electroosmotic flow; this compound can be detected by UV absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm.
- the total length of the capillary in the device P / ACE MDQ ® was 33 cm and the distance between the injection point and the detection point was 20 cm.
- the electroosmotic flow was measured according to the method known as the "three-peak method" (Williams, BA, Vigh, G., Anal Chem, 1996, 68, 1174-1180), for temperatures below 30 ° C. 3 peaks method is usually used to measure weak electroosmotic flow. To measure the electroosmotic flow at temperatures above 30 ° C, a single peak method was used, ie by measuring the acetone marker migration time between the injection point and the point detection for a given electrical intensity.
- This example relates to the control of the electroosmotic flow in a microfluidic device according to the invention comprising a silica glass capillary (capillary sold by Polymicro Technology, L.LC., internal diameter: 76 ⁇ m, external diameter of 365 ⁇ m). length 6 cm) thanks to the use of polymeric coatings on the inner surface of the capillary that allow to vary the viscosity of the solution within the electrical double layer after external activation.
- a silica glass capillary capillary sold by Polymicro Technology, L.LC., internal diameter: 76 ⁇ m, external diameter of 365 ⁇ m). length 6 cm
- the capillary was washed with sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 M) for 2 hours, then hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) for 2 hours, deionized water for 30 minutes and finally ethanol for 30 minutes. minutes.
- the capillary was then dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 2 hours and then rinsed with ethanol for 30 minutes.
- the inner surface of the capillary was then silanized for 2 hours with an ethanol solution containing 10% w / v (0.4 M) of 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and 10% w / v (0.45 M).
- 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane sold under the reference 09324 by Sigma-Aldrich.
- the capillary was washed with ethanol (30 minutes) and dried in an oven at a temperature of 0 ° C for 30 minutes. 5 ml of a 5% w / v (0.44 M) NIPAM solution in deionized water was then prepared and saturated with nitrogen for 3 hours.
- NIPAM N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine
- this device consists of a furnace 1 sold under the trade name Salvis-Lab ® VACUCENTER by the company Salvis (Switzerland) equipped with a high voltage power supply 2 sold under the reference HVS448 3000D by the LabSmith company connected to two platinum electrodes 4 sold by the company GoodFellow (USA) each immersed in a plastic reservoir 6 of the Eppendorf type with a capacity of 1.5 ml and filled with a buffer solution, said platinum electrodes being connected to the power supply 2 by means of high voltage cables 5; the two tanks are interconnected by a silica glass capillary 3 having an inner diameter of 76 ⁇ m, an outer diameter of 365 ⁇ m and a length of 5 cm (Polymicro Technology LLC, USA), each end of which plunges into the buffer solution contained in the tanks 6.
- the capillary 3, the buffer solution tanks 6 and the electrodes 4 were enclosed in the oven 1 in order to be able to work at given temperatures (at 60 ° C. and at 20 ° C.).
- the inlet buffer tank was filled with a weakly concentrated citric acid buffer (25 mM) whose pH was adjusted to 3 with sodium hydroxide, while the outlet buffer tank and the capillary 3 were filled with a buffer highly concentrated citric acid (50 mM) whose pH was adjusted to 3 with sodium hydroxide.
- the inner wall of the capillary 3 was found positively charged at this pH given the presence of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane grafted to the surface.
- ⁇ E o x / tE (eq.8) in which X is the length of the capillary in cm, t is the time of replacement of the highly concentrated citric acid solution (50 mM) with the weakly concentrated citric acid solution (25 mM) in the capillary and E is the intensity of the electric fields.
- a silica surface (1.5 ⁇ 7.5 cm) was covered with a PNIPAM polymer coating according to the protocol described above in Example 2, step 1).
- IR Infra-Red
- a spectrometer sold under the trade name Equinox® IFS 55 FT-IR by Bruker Optics Inc. (USA, Billerica, MA), adapted to the laboratory.
- This spectrometer makes it possible to record IR spectra in multi-internal reflection (MIR).
- MIR multi-internal reflection
- the spectrum obtained is represented in the appended FIG. 3, in which the absorbance (in arbitrary units) is expressed as a function of the wavelength (in cm -1 ).
- EXAMPLE 4 PREPARATION OF GLASS PLATES COMPRISING A SURFACE COVERED WITH A POLYMERIC COATING OF PNIPAM
- the surface of a glass plate (dimension 1 ⁇ 2 cm) of a coating of PNIPAM was coated according to the protocol described above in Example 2, step 1).
- the glass plate was washed with ethanol (30 minutes) and oven dried at a temperature of 110 ° C for 30 minutes.
- a drop of water was deposited on each of the glass plates thus prepared and dynamic contact angle measurements were performed using a device for manually depositing the drops and measuring the contact angles. sold under the trade name DIGIDROP® by GBX (France).
- the purpose of this example is to compare the variations of the electroosmotic flows in several capillaries:
- Capillary A control capillary, non-functionalized
- - Capillary B capillary whose inner surface is covered with a coating of polyacrylamide type
- Capillary C capillary according to the invention, that is to say whose inner surface is covered with a polymer coating of PNIPAM.
- PNIPAM polymer coating of PNIPAM
- these capillaries were washed with a 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution for 30 minutes and then with a 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes and finally with deionized water (sold under the trade name MiIiQ by the company Millipore) also for 30 minutes.
- the capillaries were then dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 2 hours and then rinsed with ethanol for 30 minutes.
- Capillary A did not undergo any additional treatment.
- the internal surface of the capillary C was then silanized and covered with a PNIPAM coating according to the protocol described above in Example 2, step 1.
- the inner surface of the capillary B was silanized and coated with a polyacrylamide coating according to the same protocol as that used for the capillary C, but using acrylamide in place of the NIPAM.
- the measurements of the speed of the electroosmotic flow in the capillaries A, B and C were carried out according to the method described above in Example 2 (2- Measurement of the electroosmotic flow).
- capillary A the speed of the electroosmotic flow increases linearly as a function of temperature.
- capillary B which does not conform to the present invention because it has a polyacrylamide-type coating, no variation in the electroosmotic flow is observed as a function of temperature, the flow being non-existent.
- the capillary C according to the present invention, that is to say having a PNIPAM internal coating, it is found that the electroosmotic flow is non-existent up to a temperature of approximately 30 ° C., and that from this point, the rise in temperature causes a very rapid increase in the electroosmotic flow.
- the presence of the PNIPAM polymer coating on the inner wall of the capillary C makes it possible to block and then to vary the electroosmotic flow, which is not possible in the capillaries A and B not forming part of the invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0507014A FR2887787B1 (fr) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro-ou nanofluidique |
| PCT/FR2006/001496 WO2007003756A2 (fr) | 2005-07-01 | 2006-06-28 | Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro- ou nanofluidique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1899719A2 true EP1899719A2 (fr) | 2008-03-19 |
Family
ID=36127489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06778690A Withdrawn EP1899719A2 (fr) | 2005-07-01 | 2006-06-28 | Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro- ou nanofluidique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090200165A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1899719A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2887787B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007003756A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI346585B (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2011-08-11 | Great Eastern Resins Ind Co Ltd | Primer composition for cured silicon-containing surface and its uses |
| US8414987B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2013-04-09 | Great Eastern Resins Industrial Co., Ltd. | Primer composition for cured silicon-containing surface and its uses |
| CN119198000B (zh) * | 2024-11-29 | 2025-02-25 | 山东大学 | 一种小长径比管道多参数减阻效果测试装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4680201A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1987-07-14 | Stellan Hjerten | Coating for electrophoresis tube |
| JPH05281276A (ja) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-10-29 | Toshiba Corp | 液中静電力検出装置 |
| US5569364A (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1996-10-29 | Soane Biosciences, Inc. | Separation media for electrophoresis |
| US6258275B1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-07-10 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne | Affinity macroligands |
| US20030042140A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2003-03-06 | Arizona Board Of Regents | Chemical furface for control of electroosmosis by an applied external voltage field |
-
2005
- 2005-07-01 FR FR0507014A patent/FR2887787B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-28 US US11/994,267 patent/US20090200165A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-28 WO PCT/FR2006/001496 patent/WO2007003756A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-06-28 EP EP06778690A patent/EP1899719A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007003756A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2887787A1 (fr) | 2007-01-05 |
| US20090200165A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| FR2887787B1 (fr) | 2007-10-05 |
| WO2007003756A2 (fr) | 2007-01-11 |
| WO2007003756A3 (fr) | 2007-03-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Dolník | Wall coating for capillary electrophoresis on microchips | |
| Horvath et al. | Polymer wall coatings for capillary electrophoresis | |
| Rodriguez et al. | Surface deactivation in protein and peptide analysis by capillary electrophoresis | |
| Ngola et al. | Conduct-as-cast polymer monoliths as separation media for capillary electrochromatography | |
| US6056860A (en) | Surface modified electrophoretic chambers | |
| US6596238B1 (en) | Coatings with cross-linked hydrophilic polymers | |
| CA2259503A1 (fr) | Procede ameliore pour electrophorese capillaire des acides nucleiques, des proteines et des composes a bas poids moleculaire | |
| Huang et al. | Capillary zone electrophoresis with fluid-impervious polymer tubing inside a fused-silica capillary | |
| EP1899719A2 (fr) | Utilisation de polymeres reactifs pour moduler et controler les flux electrocinetiques dans un dispositif micro- ou nanofluidique | |
| Leinweber et al. | Capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins with poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-coated capillaries: fundamentals and applications | |
| JP3399593B2 (ja) | キャピラリーの内表面の不活性化方法 | |
| JPH04315046A (ja) | ゲル電気泳動用ミクロカラムおよびその製造法 | |
| Loughran et al. | Simultaneous iso-electric focusing of proteins in a micro-fabricated capillary coated with hydrophobic and hydrophilic plasma polymerized films | |
| He et al. | Tunable thick polymer coatings for on-chip electrophoretic protein and peptide separation | |
| Kitagawa et al. | One-step immobilization of cationic polymer onto a poly (methyl methacrylate) microchip for high-performance electrophoretic analysis of proteins | |
| NL194562C (nl) | Capillaire gels gevormd door ruimtelijke progressieve polymerisatie waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van een bewegende initiator. | |
| Paumier et al. | Nanoscale actuation of electrokinetic flows on thermoreversible surfaces | |
| Střelec et al. | Modification of capillary electrophoresis capillaries by poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly (diethylene glycol monomethacrylate) and poly (triethylene glycol monomethacrylate) | |
| AU777680C (en) | Surfaces with reduced electroosmotic flow | |
| Sola | Column technology for capillary electromigration methods | |
| US6821417B2 (en) | Chromatographic and electrophoretic separation of chemicals using electrically conductive polymers | |
| Chiari et al. | Capillary coatings: choices for capillary electrophoresis of DNA | |
| Kumlangdudsana et al. | Surface modification of microfluidic devices | |
| CA2811109A1 (fr) | Tube capillaire pour l'electrophorese | |
| Kok | Capillaries and the Electroosmotic Flow |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080118 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20100920 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20131121 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20140402 |