EP1897412B1 - Heated laminated glass pane having an improved vision comfort - Google Patents

Heated laminated glass pane having an improved vision comfort Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897412B1
EP1897412B1 EP06778991.7A EP06778991A EP1897412B1 EP 1897412 B1 EP1897412 B1 EP 1897412B1 EP 06778991 A EP06778991 A EP 06778991A EP 1897412 B1 EP1897412 B1 EP 1897412B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glazing
film
thin
separation lines
flow separation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06778991.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1897412A2 (en
EP1897412B9 (en
Inventor
Pierre Chaussade
Guillaume Goffin
Vincent Legois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to PL06778991T priority Critical patent/PL1897412T3/en
Publication of EP1897412A2 publication Critical patent/EP1897412A2/en
Publication of EP1897412B1 publication Critical patent/EP1897412B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1897412B9 publication Critical patent/EP1897412B9/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24926—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including ceramic, glass, porcelain or quartz layer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to laminated heating glazings comprising at least two superimposed folds of transparent, mechanically resistant substrate, with interposition between two adjacent plies of a transparent plastic interlayer, said glazing further comprising, on the surface or in its thickness, at least one conductive and transparent thin layer which extends over at least a portion of the glazing, said layer or layers being heated for defrosting and / or demisting by Joule effect, with a heating zone between two current feeds in case of single-phase power supply or with three heating zones between clean current leads in the case of a three-phase power supply, said current leads being disposed at the glazing limit and being connected to a source of current outside the glazing, at the minus a thin layer having flow separation lines formed by etching for gu iden the intensity of current from one band to another.
  • the defrost is at high electrical power, of the order of 70 Watts / dm 2 , while demisting is at lower power between 15 and 30 Watts / dm 2 .
  • Aircraft cockpit glass windows generally consist of three glass layers A, B, C from the outside of the aircraft, assembled by thermoplastic intermediate layers, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane ( TPU).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • TPU polyurethane
  • the inner face of the fold A face 2 if one refers to the Figure 1 which will be described below
  • the outer face of the fold B face 3
  • the aforementioned thin heating layer usually based on a metal oxide such as SnO 2 or ITO (indium oxide doped with tin).
  • the layer in face 2 is used for defrosting, and the layer in face 3, for defogging the glazing. It can be emphasized that the defogging can also be on the fold B in face 4, or on the fold C, face 5.
  • the thickness of the fold A is 3 mm
  • that of the fold B is 5 or 6 mm in the case of a plane cockpit side window.
  • a transparent and conductive thin layer is heated by the Joule effect between current supply strips (electrodes or collectors or bus-bars), for example based on conducting enamels loaded with silver (silver paste), these strips having been deposited on the inside of fold A or fold B by screen printing.
  • They generally have a width of 5 to 10 mm and are, in the case of a single-phase power supply, deposited over the entire length of the fold A or the fold B (or the width) generally a few millimeters from the edge of the ice so as not to hinder the vision.
  • the feeders delimit between them a heating zone as large as possible relative to the total surface of the glass folds in order to maximum efficiency of defrosting / defogging.
  • the network comprises three zones with clean feeds that can be connected in a star or delta configuration.
  • the glass A After cutting and shaping, is semi-hardened in a vertical quenching furnace, the quenching also making it possible to bake the enamels at the same time. money.
  • the glass B When the ice is curved, the glass B, after shaping round and bent round and bending, is chemically reinforced so as to increase its modulus at break. For example, using a fold made of a glass of a composition which allows a chemical reinforcement with a high exchange depth, greater than 250 microns (example, Solidion® glass).
  • the current leads are screen printed on the glass and then fired at high temperature after the chemical strengthening step.
  • the next step is to deposit the transparent and conductive thin layer on the face of the glass fold provided with its current leads.
  • the deposition is advantageously by a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technique, which consists of spraying source material using the ions extracted from a plasma. If the source material called target is negatively biased to prime the plasma, the technique is sputtering. If a perpendicular magnetic field is joined to the electric field, in order to increase the ion density in an area close to the cathode, it is called magnetron sputtering.
  • a pyrolytic thin-layer deposition method in which a mixture composed of an organic part and a mineral part on a glass heated between 500 and 500 is spray-applied using a spraying system. 700 ° C, especially between 600 and 650 ° C, the burning organic part and the mineral part remaining on the glass as a thin layer. With this technique, it is possible in particular to deposit a layer based on SnO 2 .
  • the thin layers can also be deposited by vacuum evaporation by Joule effect.
  • the feeds follow the geometry of the glazing and are no longer parallel.
  • the heating network must have different zones of local resistance in order to compensate for the variation of distances between the feeds.
  • the Applicant Company is equipped with calculation and fabrication of intrinsically non-homogeneous networks in order to create networks of any shape and homogeneous dissipation, that is to say without the cold zones which are in the acute angles of the glazing. . This leads in particular to producing curved or inflectional lines for flux separation in order to guide the current, these lines being produced by etching the thin heating layer.
  • a separation of the heating network into three zones is also carried out by etching the thin heating layer by etching phase separation lines.
  • the fold A provided with its thin heating layer with a system of metal braided connectors bonded to the current leads, is assembled with the other two glass plies B and C by means of thermoplastic intermediate layers , such as PVB or TPU.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layers such as PVB or TPU.
  • the whole is cooked in a vacuum bag, autoclave at high pressure and high temperature, to give a complete laminated product.
  • the sealing of the edges of the laminate is ensured by peripheral encapsulation by means of polysulfide-type barrier materials, ZED stainless steel and overmoulded silicone gasket, in order to make it possible to arrange the ice in the "airplane" structure.
  • the Applicant Company discovered that the widths of the flux lines could be reduced to the point where they are no longer visible to the naked eye within the glazing, without affecting the good guidance of the flow, this reduction. widths being made possible by the use of laser technology, with the additional advantage of being able to increase the number of these flow separation lines, now invisible to the naked eye, then improve demisting and / or defrosting.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a laminated heating glazing unit of the type of those defined in the first paragraph of the present description, characterized in that the width of said flow separation lines is chosen sufficiently small so that they are invisible to the naked eye in the laminated heating glazing.
  • the flow separation lines each have a width of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • the flux separation lines are formed in particular by etching the thin and conductive layer to a depth that can reach the underlying layer. When the etching does not extend deep to the bottom of the line, that is to say up to the substrate (glass), there remains in this bottom a small layer thickness, which promotes a better homogeneity heating.
  • the flow separation lines may be continuous lines or discontinuous lines, for example dotted lines, for a better compromise electrical insulation / continuity.
  • the thin layer or at least one thin layer comprising flow separation lines is a demisting layer.
  • the flow separation lines are advantageously arranged along substantially parallel lines which are connected substantially orthogonally to their respective two supply belts and which have curvatures or inflections when the two bands or portions of bands facing form an angle between them.
  • the three heating zones are delimited by two phase separation lines advantageously of trace substantially parallel to the flow separation lines and formed by etching up to the sub-layer. and having a width of 1 to 2 mm, the current supply strips being then arranged for mounting star or triangle.
  • the conductive thin film is advantageously a layer of tin-doped indium tin oxide or oxide or of fluorine-doped tin oxide, each of these layers generally having a thickness of 50 to 500 nanometers , or a layer of silver or gold generally having a thickness of 50 to 200 nanometers.
  • the conductive thin film is delimited at its periphery by a closed line on itself, also formed by etching, said line enclosing the current supply strips, and being formed to a depth of up to underlying layer.
  • the width of this peripheral line is 1 to 4 mm.
  • the glazing according to the present invention may notably consist of a vehicle glazing, in particular a side or front mirror for aircraft cockpit, characterized in that the laminated structure comprises at least two structural glass folds (folds B and C ) intended to be fixed in a rabbet of the vehicle, and which are interconnected by a first interlayer of transparent plastic material, at least one third sheet (Ply A), in particular of glass, not fixed to the rabbet and which is bound with the outwardly facing structural glass ply (B-ply), via a second intermediate layer plastic material, at least one conductive thin layer being disposed in the thickness of the glazing.
  • folds B and C the laminated structure
  • the laminated structure comprises at least two structural glass folds (folds B and C ) intended to be fixed in a rabbet of the vehicle, and which are interconnected by a first interlayer of transparent plastic material, at least one third sheet (Ply A), in particular of glass, not fixed to the rabbet and which is bound with the outwardly facing structural glass
  • Such glazing may also include a thin deicing layer on the fold A facing inwardly facing the glazing (face 2).
  • the conductive thin layer has generally been applied by the known means described above to the associated glass layer, which has advantageously been provided with means for supplying the current.
  • Said current supply strips may be arranged between the layers of the glazing which comprise between them the conductive thin layer.
  • the glazing unit according to the present invention may also comprise at least one functional thin film other than the heating layer, for example a layer for solar protection or an electrochromic layer, several of these thin functional layers being able to be in the form of a stack of layers.
  • a functional thin film other than the heating layer for example a layer for solar protection or an electrochromic layer, several of these thin functional layers being able to be in the form of a stack of layers.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a method of manufacturing a glazing unit as defined above, according to which an assembly of the plies of transparent substrate by means of interlayer layers of transparent plastic material, at least one of these folds being provided with a transparent conductive thin layer having flow separation lines and means for supplying the current, characterized in that the YAG laser ablation flow separation lines, such as a Nd-YAG pulsed laser, 1064 nm lambda, with a pump power of 20 W, and a peak power ranging from 2.8 to 110 are realized. kW.
  • the YAG laser ablation flow separation lines such as a Nd-YAG pulsed laser, 1064 nm lambda
  • the lines separating the flow, the line delimiting the periphery of the conductive layer and, in the case of a three-phase supply, the phase separation lines are produced simultaneously.
  • the heated glazing 1 for aircraft cockpit shown on the Figure 1 comprises, in a manner known per se, two structural glass sheets 2, 3 which are interconnected by means of an interlayer 4 of transparent thermoplastic material such as PVB or TPU
  • the glass sheet 3 which is turned towards the outside of the cockpit, has a surface larger than the glass sheet 2. It is covered, on its outer face, with a third glass sheet 5, via a second interlayer 6, also transparent plastic material, such as PVB or TPU.
  • the sheet 5 is made of tempered glass or chemically reinforced.
  • the sheet 5 and the intermediate layer 6 have a reduced surface area with respect to the structural glass sheet 3.
  • an overlying peripheral rim 7 is formed by which the glazing can be fixed in a rebate of the cockpit, not shown.
  • a first annular seal 8 made of silicone or fluorosilicone is fixed around said flange 7.
  • the seal 8 has a profile having the general shape of a U having two wings 8a and 8b interconnected by a bottom 8 c.
  • the wing 8a is applied against the inner wall of the glass sheet 2, with the interposition of a shim 9 of aluminum.
  • the bottom 8c has a variable thickness in view of the fact that the sheet 2 is smaller in area than the sheet 3.
  • a second annular seal 10 having the shape of a ring coming to bear against the edge of sheets 5 and 6, having, along one of its borders, a return angle iron 10 has outwardly applying between the sheet 3 and the flange 8b of the seal 8, and along the other edge, a return of square 10b inwardly coming against the outer face of the outer glass sheet 5.
  • the seal 10 is reinforced by a metal strip 10 c of the same profile as the seal 10 and embedded therein.
  • An electroconductive film or heating conductive thin layer 11 is inserted between the outer glass sheet 5 and the intermediate layer 6.
  • the electroconductive film 11 is transparent and can be made of tin doped indium oxide or tin doped with fluorine. It has a thickness of 50 nm to 500 nm.
  • the electroconductive film 11 is connected to two current supply strips or collectors 12. These strips 12 are connected to a power source external to the glazing. On the Figure 1 , the strips 12 have been shown in the same plane as the electroconductive film 11 but they could also be offset on other layers of the glazing.
  • the electroconductive film 11 and the current supply strips 12 are separated from the inner structural glass sheet 2 by a relatively large material thickness.
  • a disturbance in the regulation of the temperature of the glazing occurs and as a result of short-circuits and localized overheating occur, they could cause damage to the elements of the glazing that are in contact with the conductive film 11, but in no case with the inner glass sheet 2.
  • the glazing thus damaged could withstand the differential pressures existing between the external environment and the internal environment.
  • flow separation lines 13, substantially parallel to one another, intended to guide the intensity of the current, are formed by laser etching in the layer 11. These etchings are made substantially over a width of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and some or all of the thickness of the conductive heating layer. These lines can be engraved discontinuously as indicated above.
  • Ice cream Figure 2 with a single-phase power supply has a pentagonal shape, having, in mounting position, a horizontal bottom edge, two vertical side edges having two opposite current supply strips 12 extending along the lower horizontal edge and the opposite edge which has the shape of a broken line.
  • Ice cream Figures 3A, 3B with three-phase power supply, has the general shape of a rectangle trapezoid with rounded edges, the two bases of the trapezium being arranged according to the height of the glass in the mounting position.
  • the two collectors 12 are arranged along the border of the two opposite opposite sides and are arranged as described below.
  • the flow separation lines 13 are connected substantially orthogonally to the strip 12 and it is arranged that outside their connection zones to the strips 12, they tend to be parallel to the sides without bandaged ; as a result they have shapes with curvatures ( Figure 2 ) or inflections ( Figures 3A, 3B) , their layout is accurate and calculated by the skilled person as mentioned above.
  • the layer 11 also comprises two phase separation lines 14 replacing two flow separation lines, formed in the same way by etching or laser ablation over the entire thickness of the layer 11 but over a width of 0.5 to 2 mm, to avoid any possibility of short circuit between two phases, high ddp, while -the two flow separation lines in the same phase where there is no risk of short circuit in because of the low ddp, have a width of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • the leads can be connected in a star-shaped arrangement ( Figure 3A ) or in triangle ( Figure 3B ).
  • the upper band 12 is connected to the neutral and the lower band is discontinuous, comprising three bands 12 1 , 12 2 , 12 3 connected to the phases respectively P 1 , P 2 and P 3 .
  • the two upper and lower bands are discontinuous, forming respectively a band 12 1 and a band element 12 2 , and the other band element 12 3 and the band element 12 2 , each band 12 1 , 12 2 and 12 3 being connected to the phases respectively P 1 , P 2 and P 3 .
  • the layer 11 is delimited at its periphery by a line 15 closed on itself, also formed by etching to the underlying layer and over a width of 1 to 4 mm, the lateral portions of the line 12 being substantially parallel to the flow separation lines 13 and the upper and lower edges. lower being parallel to the edges of the glazings.
  • Line 15 encloses the strips 12.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les vitrages chauffants feuilletés comprenant au moins deux plis superposés de substrat transparent, mécaniquement résistant, avec interposition entre deux plis voisins d'une couche intercalaire en matière plastique transparente, ledit vitrage comportant en outre, en surface ou dans son épaisseur, au moins une couche mince conductrice et transparente qui s'étend sur une partie au moins du vitrage, ladite couche ou lesdites couches étant chauffante en vue du dégivrage et/ou du désembuage par effet Joule, avec une zone chauffante entre deux amenées de courant en cas d'alimentation en courant monophasé ou avec trois zones chauffantes entre des amenées de courant propres en cas d'alimentation en courant triphasé, lesdites amenées de courant étant disposées en limite de vitrage et étant reliées à une source de courant extérieure au vitrage, au moins une couche mince comportant des lignes de séparation de flux formées par gravure pour guider l'intensité de courant d'une bande à l'autre.The present invention relates to laminated heating glazings comprising at least two superimposed folds of transparent, mechanically resistant substrate, with interposition between two adjacent plies of a transparent plastic interlayer, said glazing further comprising, on the surface or in its thickness, at least one conductive and transparent thin layer which extends over at least a portion of the glazing, said layer or layers being heated for defrosting and / or demisting by Joule effect, with a heating zone between two current feeds in case of single-phase power supply or with three heating zones between clean current leads in the case of a three-phase power supply, said current leads being disposed at the glazing limit and being connected to a source of current outside the glazing, at the minus a thin layer having flow separation lines formed by etching for gu iden the intensity of current from one band to another.

D'un manière générale, le dégivrage est à forte puissance électrique, de l'ordre de 70 Watts/dm2, alors que le désembuage est à puissance inférieure entre 15 et 30 Watts/dm2.In general, the defrost is at high electrical power, of the order of 70 Watts / dm 2 , while demisting is at lower power between 15 and 30 Watts / dm 2 .

A titre d'exemple de ce vitrage feuilleté, on peut mentionner les glaces de véhicules, en particulier les glaces de cockpit d'avion, dont un exemple typique (non limitatif) de structure et de fabrication peut être décrit de la façon suivante :By way of example of this laminated glazing, mention may be made of vehicle windows, in particular aircraft cockpit windows, of which a typical (non-limiting) example of structure and fabrication can be described as follows:

Structure:Structure:

Les glaces en verre de cockpit d'avion sont généralement constituées de trois plis de verre A, B, C en partant de l'extérieur de l'avion, assemblés par des couches intercalaires thermoplastiques, notamment en polyvinylbutyral (PVB) ou en polyuréthanne (TPU). Généralement, la face interne du pli A (face 2 si l'on se réfère à la Figure 1 qui sera décrite ci-après) ou la face externe du pli B (face 3) est revêtue de la couche mince chauffante précitée, le plus souvent à base d'un oxyde métallique tel que SnO2 ou ITO (oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain). La couche en face 2 est utilisée pour le dégivrage, et la couche en face 3, pour le désembuage du vitrage. On peut souligner que le désembuage peut également être sur le pli B en face 4, ou sur le pli C, face 5. Typiquement l'épaisseur du pli A est de 3 mm, et celle du pli B est de 5 ou 6 mm dans le cas d'une glace latérale de cockpit d'avion.Aircraft cockpit glass windows generally consist of three glass layers A, B, C from the outside of the aircraft, assembled by thermoplastic intermediate layers, in particular polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane ( TPU). Generally, the inner face of the fold A (face 2 if one refers to the Figure 1 which will be described below) or the outer face of the fold B (face 3) is coated with the aforementioned thin heating layer, usually based on a metal oxide such as SnO 2 or ITO (indium oxide doped with tin). The layer in face 2 is used for defrosting, and the layer in face 3, for defogging the glazing. It can be emphasized that the defogging can also be on the fold B in face 4, or on the fold C, face 5. Typically the thickness of the fold A is 3 mm, and that of the fold B is 5 or 6 mm in the case of a plane cockpit side window.

Formation des bandes d'amenée de courant : Formation of the current supply strips :

Une couche mince transparente et conductrice est chauffante par effet Joule entre des bandes d'amenée de courant (électrodes ou collecteurs ou bus-bars) par exemple à base d'émaux conducteurs chargés à l'argent (pâte d'argent), ces bandes ayant été déposées sur la face interne du pli A ou du pli B par sérigraphie. Elles ont généralement une largeur de 5 à 10 mm et sont, dans le cas d'une alimentation en courant monophasé, déposées sur toute la longueur du pli A ou du pli B (ou la largeur) généralement à quelques millimètres du bord de la glace pour ne pas gêner la vision. Les amenées délimitent entre elles une zone chauffante la plus grande possible par rapport à la surface totale des plis de verre en vue d'une efficacité maximale du dégivrage /désembuage. Comme indiqué, en alimentation monophasée, il n'y a que deux amenées. En alimentation triphasée, le réseau comporte trois zones avec des amenées propres pouvant être reliées suivant un montage en étoile ou en triangle.A transparent and conductive thin layer is heated by the Joule effect between current supply strips (electrodes or collectors or bus-bars), for example based on conducting enamels loaded with silver (silver paste), these strips having been deposited on the inside of fold A or fold B by screen printing. They generally have a width of 5 to 10 mm and are, in the case of a single-phase power supply, deposited over the entire length of the fold A or the fold B (or the width) generally a few millimeters from the edge of the ice so as not to hinder the vision. The feeders delimit between them a heating zone as large as possible relative to the total surface of the glass folds in order to maximum efficiency of defrosting / defogging. As indicated, in single-phase supply, there are only two leads. In three-phase supply, the network comprises three zones with clean feeds that can be connected in a star or delta configuration.

Lorsque la glace est plane, comme cela est très souvent le cas pour les pare-brise, le verre A, après découpe et façonnage, est semi-trempé dans un four de trempe vertical, la trempe permettant aussi de cuire les émaux à l'argent.When the ice is flat, as is very often the case for windshields, the glass A, after cutting and shaping, is semi-hardened in a vertical quenching furnace, the quenching also making it possible to bake the enamels at the same time. money.

Lorsque la glace est bombée, le verre B, après façonnage en joint rond douci et bombage, est renforcé chimiquement de manière à augmenter son module à la rupture. A titre d'exemple, on utilise un pli fait d'un verre d'une composition qui autorise un renforcement chimique à forte profondeur d'échange, supérieure à 250 microns (exemple, verre Solidion®). Les amenées de courant sont sérigraphiées sur le verre puis cuites à haute température après l'étape de renforcement chimique.When the ice is curved, the glass B, after shaping round and bent round and bending, is chemically reinforced so as to increase its modulus at break. For example, using a fold made of a glass of a composition which allows a chemical reinforcement with a high exchange depth, greater than 250 microns (example, Solidion® glass). The current leads are screen printed on the glass and then fired at high temperature after the chemical strengthening step.

Formation d'une couche mince chauffante : Formation of a thin heating layer :

L'étape suivante consiste à déposer la couche mince transparente et conductrice sur la face du pli de verre muni de ses amenées de courant.The next step is to deposit the transparent and conductive thin layer on the face of the glass fold provided with its current leads.

Dans le cas d'une couche en ITO notamment, le dépôt se fait avantageusement par une technique PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), qui consiste à pulvériser du matériau source grâce aux ions extraits d'un plasma. Si le matériau source appelé cible est polarisé négativement pour amorcer le plasma, la technique est une pulvérisation cathodique. Si l'on joint au champ électrique un champ magnétique perpendiculaire, afin d'augmenter la densité ionique dans une zone proche de la cathode, on parle de pulvérisation magnétron. On peut citer une pulvérisation cathodique avec une cible ITO céramique sur un « magnétron planar », qui dépose de l'ITO sur toute la surface du verre. Les paramètres de puissance magnétron et de vitesse de passage du verre permettent de fixer une résistance par carré et donc une résistance électrique entre amenées, par rapport aux caractéristiques tension/courant d'alimentation du vitrage chauffant.In the case of an ITO layer in particular, the deposition is advantageously by a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technique, which consists of spraying source material using the ions extracted from a plasma. If the source material called target is negatively biased to prime the plasma, the technique is sputtering. If a perpendicular magnetic field is joined to the electric field, in order to increase the ion density in an area close to the cathode, it is called magnetron sputtering. One can quote a spray cathodic with a ceramic ITO target on a "planar magnetron", which deposits ITO on the entire surface of the glass. The parameters of magnetron power and speed of passage of the glass make it possible to fix a resistance per square and thus an electrical resistance between leads, with respect to the supply voltage / current characteristics of the heating glazing.

On peut également citer le procédé de dépôt en couches minces par pyrolyse, technique suivant laquelle on projette à l'aide d'un système de pulvérisation un mélange composé d'une partie organique et d'une partie minérale sur un verre chauffé entre 500 et 700°C, notamment entre 600 et 650°C, la partie organique brûlant et la partie minérale restant sur le verre sous forme de couche mince. Avec cette technique, on peut notamment déposer une couche à base de SnO2.It is also possible to mention the pyrolytic thin-layer deposition method, in which a mixture composed of an organic part and a mineral part on a glass heated between 500 and 500 is spray-applied using a spraying system. 700 ° C, especially between 600 and 650 ° C, the burning organic part and the mineral part remaining on the glass as a thin layer. With this technique, it is possible in particular to deposit a layer based on SnO 2 .

On peut également déposer les couches minces par évaporation sous-vide par effet Joule.The thin layers can also be deposited by vacuum evaporation by Joule effect.

Dans le cas le plus fréquent de vitrages non rectangulaires, les amenées suivent la géométrie du vitrage et ne sont alors plus parallèles. Le réseau chauffant doit, dans ce cas, présenter des zones de résistances locales différentes afin de compenser la variation de distances entre amenées. La Société déposante est dotée de moyens de calcul et de fabrication de réseaux intrinsèquement non homogènes afin de réaliser des réseaux de forme quelconque et de dissipation homogène, c'est-à-dire sans les zones froides qui se trouvent dans les angles aigus des vitrages. Ceci conduit notamment à réaliser des lignes courbes ou à inflexions pour la séparation de flux afin de guider le courant, ces lignes étant réalisées par gravure de la couche mince chauffante.In the most frequent case of non-rectangular glazing, the feeds follow the geometry of the glazing and are no longer parallel. In this case, the heating network must have different zones of local resistance in order to compensate for the variation of distances between the feeds. The Applicant Company is equipped with calculation and fabrication of intrinsically non-homogeneous networks in order to create networks of any shape and homogeneous dissipation, that is to say without the cold zones which are in the acute angles of the glazing. . This leads in particular to producing curved or inflectional lines for flux separation in order to guide the current, these lines being produced by etching the thin heating layer.

Dans le cas d'une alimentation triphasée, on réalise aussi, par gravure de la couche mince chauffante, une séparation du réseau chauffant en trois zones par gravure de lignes de séparation de phase.In the case of a three-phase power supply, a separation of the heating network into three zones is also carried out by etching the thin heating layer by etching phase separation lines.

Assemblage/Autoclavage/Finition : Assembly / Autoclaving / Finishing :

Pour terminer la fabrication de la glace, le pli A, muni de sa couche mince chauffante avec un système de connectique par tresse métallique collée aux amenées de courant, est assemblé avec les deux autres plis de verre B et C au moyen de couches intercalaires thermoplastiques, telles que PVB ou TPU. L'ensemble est cuit sous poche à vide, en autoclave à haute pression et haute température, pour donner un produit feuilleté complet. L'étanchéité des bords du feuilleté est assurée par une encapsulation périphérique au moyen de matériaux barrières de type polysulfure, ZED inox et joint silicone surmoulé, afin de permettre de disposer la glace dans la structure « avion ».To complete the manufacture of the ice, the fold A, provided with its thin heating layer with a system of metal braided connectors bonded to the current leads, is assembled with the other two glass plies B and C by means of thermoplastic intermediate layers , such as PVB or TPU. The whole is cooked in a vacuum bag, autoclave at high pressure and high temperature, to give a complete laminated product. The sealing of the edges of the laminate is ensured by peripheral encapsulation by means of polysulfide-type barrier materials, ZED stainless steel and overmoulded silicone gasket, in order to make it possible to arrange the ice in the "airplane" structure.

Lorsqu'une couche mince chauffante est prévue sur le pli B, une telle couche est appliquée avant l'assemblage des plis A, B, C.When a thin heating layer is provided on the fold B, such a layer is applied before assembling the folds A, B, C.

Le problème qui se pose est que les lignes de séparation de flux, qui sont réalisées avec des largeurs de 0,5mm par les techniques courantes dans les couches minces chauffantes, sont visibles à travers le vitrage, ce qui diminue le confort de vision et l'esthétique du vitrage. Ces techniques courantes sont représentées par le document GB-A-1 206 194 .The problem is that the flow separation lines, which are made with widths of 0.5mm by the techniques common in the thin heating layers, are visible through the glazing, which reduces the comfort of vision and the aesthetics of glazing. These common techniques are represented by the document GB-A-1 206 194 .

Pour résoudre ce prabléme, la Société déposante a découvert que les largeurs des lignes de flux pouvaient être diminuées jusqu'au point où elles ne sont plus visibles à l'oeil nu au sein du vitrage, sans nuire au bon guidage du flux, cette diminution des largeurs étant rendue possible par l'utilisation d'une technologie laser, avec l'avantage complémentaire de pouvoir augmenter le nombre de ces lignes de séparation de flux, dorénavant invisibles à l'oeil nu, permettant alors d'améliorer le désembuage et/ou le dégivrage.To solve this problem, the Applicant Company discovered that the widths of the flux lines could be reduced to the point where they are no longer visible to the naked eye within the glazing, without affecting the good guidance of the flow, this reduction. widths being made possible by the use of laser technology, with the additional advantage of being able to increase the number of these flow separation lines, now invisible to the naked eye, then improve demisting and / or defrosting.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un vitrage chauffant feuilleté du type de ceux définis dans le premier paragraphe de la présente description, caractérisé par le fait que la largeur desdites lignes de séparation de flux est choisie suffisamment faible pour que celles-ci soient invisibles à l'oeil nu dans le vitrage chauffant feuilleté.The subject of the present invention is therefore a laminated heating glazing unit of the type of those defined in the first paragraph of the present description, characterized in that the width of said flow separation lines is chosen sufficiently small so that they are invisible to the naked eye in the laminated heating glazing.

Les lignes de séparation de flux ont notamment chacune une largeur de 0,1 à 0,2 mm.The flow separation lines each have a width of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

Les lignes de séparation de flux sont formées notamment par gravure de la couche mince et conductrice sur une profondeur pouvant aller jusqu'à la couche sous-jacente. Lorsque la gravure ne s'étend pas en profondeur jusqu'au fond de la ligne, c'est-à-dire jusqu'au substrat (verre), il reste donc dans ce fond une faible épaisseur de couche, laquelle favorise une meilleure homogénéité du chauffage.The flux separation lines are formed in particular by etching the thin and conductive layer to a depth that can reach the underlying layer. When the etching does not extend deep to the bottom of the line, that is to say up to the substrate (glass), there remains in this bottom a small layer thickness, which promotes a better homogeneity heating.

Les lignes de séparation de flux peuvent être des lignes continues ou des lignes discontinues, par exemple des lignes en pointillés, ce, pour un meileur compromis isolation électrique/continuité.The flow separation lines may be continuous lines or discontinuous lines, for example dotted lines, for a better compromise electrical insulation / continuity.

Avantageusement, la couche mince ou au moins une couche mince comportant des lignes de séparation de flux est une couche de désembuage.Advantageously, the thin layer or at least one thin layer comprising flow separation lines is a demisting layer.

Les lignes de séparation de flux sont avantageusement disposées suivant des lignes sensiblement parallèles qui se raccordent sensiblement orthogonalement à leurs deux bandes d'amenée respectives et qui présentent des courbures ou inflexions lorsque les deux bandes ou parties de bandes en regard forment un angle entre elles.The flow separation lines are advantageously arranged along substantially parallel lines which are connected substantially orthogonally to their respective two supply belts and which have curvatures or inflections when the two bands or portions of bands facing form an angle between them.

Dans le cas où l'alimentation en courant est une alimentation triphasée, les trois zones chauffantes sont délimitées par deux lignes de séparation de phase avantageusement de tracé sensiblement parallèle aux lignes de séparation de flux et formées par gravure allant jusqu'à la couche sous-jacente et ayant une largeur de 1 à 2 mm, les bandes d'amenée de courant étant alors agencées pour un montage en étoile ou en triangle.In the case where the power supply is a three-phase power supply, the three heating zones are delimited by two phase separation lines advantageously of trace substantially parallel to the flow separation lines and formed by etching up to the sub-layer. and having a width of 1 to 2 mm, the current supply strips being then arranged for mounting star or triangle.

La couche mince conductrice est avantageusement une couche d'oxyde d'étain ou d'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ou d'oxyde d'étain dopé au fluor, chacune de ces couches ayant généralement une épaisseur de 50 à 500 nanomètres, ou une couche d'argent ou d'or ayant généralement une épaisseur de 50 à 200 nanomètres.The conductive thin film is advantageously a layer of tin-doped indium tin oxide or oxide or of fluorine-doped tin oxide, each of these layers generally having a thickness of 50 to 500 nanometers , or a layer of silver or gold generally having a thickness of 50 to 200 nanometers.

De façon généralement préférée, la couche mince conductrice est délimitée à sa périphérie par une ligne fermée sur elle-même, également formée par gravure, la dite ligne enfermant les bandes d'amenée de courant, et étant formées une profondeur allant jusqu'à la couche sous-jacente. La largeur de cette ligne périphérique est de 1 à 4 mm.In a generally preferred manner, the conductive thin film is delimited at its periphery by a closed line on itself, also formed by etching, said line enclosing the current supply strips, and being formed to a depth of up to underlying layer. The width of this peripheral line is 1 to 4 mm.

Le vitrage selon la présente invention peut notamment consister en une glace pour véhicule, en particulier en une glace latérale ou frontale pour cockpit d'avion, caractérisé par le fait que la structure feuilletée comprend au moins deux plis de verre structuraux (Plis B et C) destinés à être fixés dans une feuillure du véhicule, et qui sont liées entre elles par une première couche intercalaire en matière plastique transparente, au moins une troisième feuille (Pli A), notamment en verre, non fixée à la feuillure et qui est liée au pli de verre structural qui est tourné vers l'extérieur (Pli B), par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde couche intercalaire en matière plastique, au moins une couche mince conductrice étant disposée dans l'épaisseur du vitrage.The glazing according to the present invention may notably consist of a vehicle glazing, in particular a side or front mirror for aircraft cockpit, characterized in that the laminated structure comprises at least two structural glass folds (folds B and C ) intended to be fixed in a rabbet of the vehicle, and which are interconnected by a first interlayer of transparent plastic material, at least one third sheet (Ply A), in particular of glass, not fixed to the rabbet and which is bound with the outwardly facing structural glass ply (B-ply), via a second intermediate layer plastic material, at least one conductive thin layer being disposed in the thickness of the glazing.

Un tel vitrage peut comporter au moins une couche mince de désembuage, les positions possibles de la ou de chaque couche de désembuage étant :

  • sur le pli B, en face tournée vers l'extérieur du vitrage (face 3) ou en face tournée vers l'intérieur du vitrage (face 4);
  • sur le pli C, en face tournée vers l'extérieur du vitrage (face 5).
Such glazing may comprise at least one thin layer of defogging, the possible positions of the or each demister layer being:
  • on the fold B, facing outwardly of the glazing (face 3) or facing inwardly of the glazing (face 4);
  • on the fold C, facing outwardly of the glazing (face 5).

Un tel vitrage peut également comporter une couche mince de dégivrage sur le pli A, en face tournée vers l'intérieur du vitrage (face 2).Such glazing may also include a thin deicing layer on the fold A facing inwardly facing the glazing (face 2).

La couche mince conductrice a été généralement appliquée par les moyens connus décrits plus haut, sur la couche de verre associée, laquelle a été avantageusement dotée des moyens d'amenée du courant.The conductive thin layer has generally been applied by the known means described above to the associated glass layer, which has advantageously been provided with means for supplying the current.

Lesdites bandes d'amenée de courant peuvent être disposées entre les couches du vitrage qui comprennent entre elles la couche mince conductrice.Said current supply strips may be arranged between the layers of the glazing which comprise between them the conductive thin layer.

Le vitrage selon la présente invention peut également comporter au moins une couche mince fonctionnelle autre que la couche chauffante, par exemple une couche pour la protection solaire ou une couche électrochrome, plusieurs de ces couches minces fonctionnelles pouvant se présenter sous la forme d'un empilement de couches. Dans certains cas, par exemple celui d'une glace frontale de cockpit d'avion, il est possible d'avoir une couche d'ITO de dégivrage sur le pli A et une couche de désembuage sur le pli B.The glazing unit according to the present invention may also comprise at least one functional thin film other than the heating layer, for example a layer for solar protection or an electrochromic layer, several of these thin functional layers being able to be in the form of a stack of layers. In some cases, for example that of a frontal ice of aircraft cockpit, it is possible to have a deicing layer of ITO on the fold A and a defogging layer on the fold B.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage tel que défini ci-dessus, suivant lequel on réalise un assemblage des plis de substrat transparent au moyen de couches intercalaires en matière plastique transparente, au moins un de ces plis étant doté d'une couche mince conductrice transparente comportant des lignes de séparation de flux et des moyens d'amenée du courant, caractérisé par le fait que l'on réalise les lignes de séparation de flux par ablation au laser YAG, tel qu'un laser pulsé Nd-YAG, lambda 1064 nm, de puissance de pompage de 20 W, et d'une puissance de crête allant de 2,8 à 110 kW.The subject of the present invention is also a method of manufacturing a glazing unit as defined above, according to which an assembly of the plies of transparent substrate by means of interlayer layers of transparent plastic material, at least one of these folds being provided with a transparent conductive thin layer having flow separation lines and means for supplying the current, characterized in that the the YAG laser ablation flow separation lines, such as a Nd-YAG pulsed laser, 1064 nm lambda, with a pump power of 20 W, and a peak power ranging from 2.8 to 110 are realized. kW.

Avantageusement, on réalise simultanément aux lignes de séparation de flux, la ligne délimitant la périphérie de la couche conductrice et, dans le cas d'une alimentation triphasée, les lignes de séparation de phase.Advantageously, the lines separating the flow, the line delimiting the periphery of the conductive layer and, in the case of a three-phase supply, the phase separation lines are produced simultaneously.

Pour mieux illustrer l'objet de la présente invention, on va maintenant en décrire un mode de réalisation particulier avec référence au dessin annexé.To better illustrate the object of the present invention, we will now describe a particular embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Sur ce dessin :

  • La Figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'un vitrage chauffant feuilleté pour cockpit d'avion conforme à l'invention ;
  • La Figure 2 est une vue schématique de face d'un vitrage chauffant feuilleté selon l'invention à alimentation monophasée et ;
  • Les Figures 3A et 3B est une vue schématique de face d'un vitrage chauffant feuilleté selon l'invention à alimentation triphasée, avec respectivement un montage en étoile ou en triangle.
On this drawing :
  • The Figure 1 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a laminated heating glazing for aircraft cockpit according to the invention;
  • The Figure 2 is a schematic front view of a laminated heating glazing unit according to the invention with single-phase power supply and;
  • The Figures 3A and 3B is a diagrammatic front view of a laminated heating glazing according to the invention with three-phase power supply, with respectively a star or delta mounting.

Le vitrage chauffant 1 pour cockpit d'avion représenté sur la Figure 1 comprend, de façon connue en soi, deux feuilles de verre structurales 2, 3 qui sont reliés entre elles par l'intermédiaire d'une couche intercalaire 4 de matière thermoplastique transparentes telle que le PVB ou le TPUThe heated glazing 1 for aircraft cockpit shown on the Figure 1 comprises, in a manner known per se, two structural glass sheets 2, 3 which are interconnected by means of an interlayer 4 of transparent thermoplastic material such as PVB or TPU

La feuille de verre 3, qui est tournée vers l'extérieur du cockpit, a une surface plus grande que la feuille de verre 2. Elle est recouverte, sur sa face extérieure, d'une troisième feuille de verre 5, par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde couche intercalaire 6, également en matière plastique transparente, telle que le PVB ou le TPU.The glass sheet 3, which is turned towards the outside of the cockpit, has a surface larger than the glass sheet 2. It is covered, on its outer face, with a third glass sheet 5, via a second interlayer 6, also transparent plastic material, such as PVB or TPU.

La feuille 5 est en verre trempé ou renforcé chimiquement.The sheet 5 is made of tempered glass or chemically reinforced.

La feuille 5 et la couche intercalaire 6 ont une surface réduite par rapport à la feuille de verre structurale 3. Il se forme donc sur les feuilles 2 et 3 un rebord périphérique débordant 7 par lequel le vitrage peut être fixé dans une feuillure du cockpit, non représentée.The sheet 5 and the intermediate layer 6 have a reduced surface area with respect to the structural glass sheet 3. On the sheets 2 and 3, an overlying peripheral rim 7 is formed by which the glazing can be fixed in a rebate of the cockpit, not shown.

Un premier joint annulaire 8 en silicone ou fluorosilicone est fixé autour dudit rebord 7. Le joint 8 présente un profil ayant la forme générale d'un U comportant deux ailes 8a et 8b raccordées entre elles par un fond 8c. L'aile 8a vient s' appliquer contre la paroi interne de la feuille de verre 2, avec interposition d'une cale d'épaisseur 9 en aluminium.A first annular seal 8 made of silicone or fluorosilicone is fixed around said flange 7. The seal 8 has a profile having the general shape of a U having two wings 8a and 8b interconnected by a bottom 8 c. The wing 8a is applied against the inner wall of the glass sheet 2, with the interposition of a shim 9 of aluminum.

Le fond 8c présente une épaisseur variable compte tenu du fait que la feuille 2 est de plus petite surface que la feuille 3.The bottom 8c has a variable thickness in view of the fact that the sheet 2 is smaller in area than the sheet 3.

Entre l'aile 8b et la face externe de la feuille de verre 3, est disposé un second joint annulaire 10 ayant la forme d'une bague venant s'appliquer contre le bord de feuilles 5 et 6, présentant, le long de l'une de ses bordures, un retour d'équerre 10a vers l'extérieur s'appliquant entre la feuille 3 et l'aile 8b du joint 8, et, le long de l'autre bordure, un retour d'équerre 10b vers l'intérieur venant s'appliquer contre la face externe de la feuille de verre externe 5.Between the flange 8b and the outer face of the glass sheet 3, is disposed a second annular seal 10 having the shape of a ring coming to bear against the edge of sheets 5 and 6, having, along one of its borders, a return angle iron 10 has outwardly applying between the sheet 3 and the flange 8b of the seal 8, and along the other edge, a return of square 10b inwardly coming against the outer face of the outer glass sheet 5.

Le joint 10 est renforcé par un feuillard métallique 10c de même profil que le joint 10 et noyé au sein de celui-ci.The seal 10 is reinforced by a metal strip 10 c of the same profile as the seal 10 and embedded therein.

Un film électroconducteur ou couche mince conductrice chauffante 11 est inséré entre la feuille de verre externe 5 et la couche intercalaire 6. Le film électroconducteur 11 est transparent et peut être réalisé en oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ou d'oxyde d'étain dopé au fluor. Il a une épaisseur de 50 nm à 500 nm. Le film électroconducteur 11 est relié à deux bandes d'amenée du courant ou collecteurs 12. Ces bandes 12 sont reliées à une source de courant extérieure au vitrage. Sur la Figure 1, les bandes 12 ont été représentées dans le même plan que le film électroconducteur 11 mais elles pourraient également être déportées sur d'autres couches du vitrage.An electroconductive film or heating conductive thin layer 11 is inserted between the outer glass sheet 5 and the intermediate layer 6. The electroconductive film 11 is transparent and can be made of tin doped indium oxide or tin doped with fluorine. It has a thickness of 50 nm to 500 nm. The electroconductive film 11 is connected to two current supply strips or collectors 12. These strips 12 are connected to a power source external to the glazing. On the Figure 1 , the strips 12 have been shown in the same plane as the electroconductive film 11 but they could also be offset on other layers of the glazing.

Le film électroconducteur 11 et les bandes d'amenée de courant 12 sont séparées de la feuille de verre structurale intérieure 2 par une épaisseur de matière relativement importante. Il en résulte que, si une perturbation de la régulation de la température du vitrage se produisait et qu'en conséquence des courts-circuits et des surchauffes localisées apparaissaient, ils pourraient occasionner des dégâts aux éléments du vitrage qui sont en contact avec le film conducteur 11, mais en aucun cas avec la feuille de verre intérieure 2. Le vitrage ainsi endommagé pourrait résister aux pressions différentielles existantes entre le milieu extérieur et le milieu intérieur.The electroconductive film 11 and the current supply strips 12 are separated from the inner structural glass sheet 2 by a relatively large material thickness. As a result, if a disturbance in the regulation of the temperature of the glazing occurs and as a result of short-circuits and localized overheating occur, they could cause damage to the elements of the glazing that are in contact with the conductive film 11, but in no case with the inner glass sheet 2. The glazing thus damaged could withstand the differential pressures existing between the external environment and the internal environment.

Conformément à la présente invention, des lignes 13 de séparation de flux, sensiblement parallèles entre elles, destinées à guider l'intensité du courant, sont formées par gravure au laser dans la couche 11. Ces gravures sont effectuées sensiblement sur une largeur de l'ordre de 0,1 à 0,2 mm et sur une partie ou la totalité de l'épaisseur de la couche conductrice chauffante. Ces lignes peuvent être gravées de façon discontinue comme indiqué plus haut.According to the present invention, flow separation lines 13, substantially parallel to one another, intended to guide the intensity of the current, are formed by laser etching in the layer 11. These etchings are made substantially over a width of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and some or all of the thickness of the conductive heating layer. These lines can be engraved discontinuously as indicated above.

De telles lignes de séparation de flux, lesquelles sont en réalité invisibles, sont donc matérialisées par les courbes 13 représentées sur les Figures 2 et 3A, 3B. Ces dernières illustrent des vitrages chauffants feuilletés du type de ceux commercialisés pour les glaces latérales arrière des avions Airbus respectivement A300-340 et A380, la glace des Figures 3A, 3B étant représentée à plus petite échelle que celle de la Figure 2.Such flow separation lines, which are in fact invisible, are therefore materialized by the curves 13 represented on the Figures 2 and 3A, 3B. The latter illustrate laminated heating panes of the type marketed for the rear side windows of the Airbus A300-340 and A380 aircraft respectively. Figures 3A, 3B being represented on a smaller scale than that of the Figure 2 .

La glace de la Figure 2 à alimentation en courant monophasé a une forme pentagonale, présentant, en position -de montage, une bordure inférieure horizontale, deux bordures latérales verticales ayant deux bandes opposées 12 d'amenée du courant s'étendant le long du bord horizontal inférieur et du bord opposé qui a la forme d'une ligne brisée.Ice cream Figure 2 with a single-phase power supply has a pentagonal shape, having, in mounting position, a horizontal bottom edge, two vertical side edges having two opposite current supply strips 12 extending along the lower horizontal edge and the opposite edge which has the shape of a broken line.

La glace des Figures 3A, 3B, à alimentation en courant triphasé, présente la forme générale d'un trapèze rectangle à bordures arrondies, les deux bases du trapèze étant disposées selon la hauteur de la glace en position de montage. Les deux collecteurs 12 sont disposés le long de la bordure des deux côtés opposés restants et sont agencés comme décrit ci-après.Ice cream Figures 3A, 3B , with three-phase power supply, has the general shape of a rectangle trapezoid with rounded edges, the two bases of the trapezium being arranged according to the height of the glass in the mounting position. The two collectors 12 are arranged along the border of the two opposite opposite sides and are arranged as described below.

Dans les deux cas, les lignes 13 de séparation de flux sont raccordées sensiblement orthogonalement à la bande 12 et l'on s'arrange pour qu'en dehors de leur zones de raccordement aux bandes 12, elles aient tendance à être parallèles aux côtés sans bande ; il en résultent qu'elles présentent des formes avec des courbures (Figure 2) ou des inflexions (Figures 3A, 3B), leur tracé est précis et calculé par l'homme du métier comme évoqué plus haut.In both cases, the flow separation lines 13 are connected substantially orthogonally to the strip 12 and it is arranged that outside their connection zones to the strips 12, they tend to be parallel to the sides without bandaged ; as a result they have shapes with curvatures ( Figure 2 ) or inflections ( Figures 3A, 3B) , their layout is accurate and calculated by the skilled person as mentioned above.

La glace des Figures 3A, 3B étant alimentée en courant triphasé, la couche 11 comporte également deux lignes 14 de séparation de phase remplaçant deux lignes de séparation de flux, formées de la même façon par gravure ou ablation laser sur toute l'épaisseur de la couche 11 mais sur une largeur de 0,5 à 2 mm, pour éviter toute possibilité de court-circuit entre deux phases, haute ddp, alors que -les deux lignes de séparation de flux dans une même phase où il n'y a pas de risque de court-circuit en raison de la basse ddp, ont une largeur de 0,1 à 0,2 mm.Ice cream Figures 3A, 3B being fed with three-phase current, the layer 11 also comprises two phase separation lines 14 replacing two flow separation lines, formed in the same way by etching or laser ablation over the entire thickness of the layer 11 but over a width of 0.5 to 2 mm, to avoid any possibility of short circuit between two phases, high ddp, while -the two flow separation lines in the same phase where there is no risk of short circuit in because of the low ddp, have a width of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

Dans un montage en triphasé, les amenées peuvent être reliées suivant un montage en étoile (Figure 3A) ou en triangle (Figure 3B). Dans le premier cas, la bande 12 supérieure est reliée au neutre et la bande inférieure est discontinue, comportant trois bandes 121, 122, 123 reliées aux phases respectivement P1, P2 et P3.In a three-phase arrangement, the leads can be connected in a star-shaped arrangement ( Figure 3A ) or in triangle ( Figure 3B ). In the first case, the upper band 12 is connected to the neutral and the lower band is discontinuous, comprising three bands 12 1 , 12 2 , 12 3 connected to the phases respectively P 1 , P 2 and P 3 .

Dans le second cas, les deux bandes supérieure et inférieure sont discontinues, formant respectivement une bande 121 et un élément de bande 122, et l'autre élément de bande 123 et l'élément de bande 122, chaque bande 121, 122 et 123 étant reliée aux phases respectivement P1, P2 et P3.In the second case, the two upper and lower bands are discontinuous, forming respectively a band 12 1 and a band element 12 2 , and the other band element 12 3 and the band element 12 2 , each band 12 1 , 12 2 and 12 3 being connected to the phases respectively P 1 , P 2 and P 3 .

Dans tous les cas qui viennent d'être décrits, la couche 11 est délimitée à sa périphérie par une ligne 15 fermée sur elle-même, également formée par gravure jusqu'à la couche sous-jacente et sur une largeur de 1 à 4 mm, les parties latérales de la ligne 12 étant sensiblement parallèles aux lignes de séparation de flux 13 et les bords supérieur et inférieur étant parallèles aux bords des vitrages. La ligne 15 enferme les bandes 12.In all the cases which have just been described, the layer 11 is delimited at its periphery by a line 15 closed on itself, also formed by etching to the underlying layer and over a width of 1 to 4 mm, the lateral portions of the line 12 being substantially parallel to the flow separation lines 13 and the upper and lower edges. lower being parallel to the edges of the glazings. Line 15 encloses the strips 12.

La fabrication des vitrages qui vient d'être décrite est la même que celle décrite dans le préambule de la présente description, à ceci près que l'on forme des lignes de flux 13 de très faible dimension par un procédé d'ablation par LASER pulsé Nd-YAG de marque Trumpf, lambda 1064 nm, avec un système de scanner qui permet de graver n'importe quel motif dans une fenêtre 180*180mm. C'est ce scanner qui détermine la largeur de la gravure LASER, en décrivant un motif (un cercle de diamètre 0,5mm, 1, 2 ou 4mm...). Ce motif est ensuite guidé sur les vitrages suivant une trajectoire précise, par un bras-robot (marque KUKA). Les programmes pièces (trajectoires) sont stockées dans le robot, suivant un trièdre de référence. Il faut donc re-créer ce trièdre avant traitement LASER d'une glace: les amenées de courant sont un bon repère sur le vitrage / zone chauffante. La puissance moyenne du LASER pour ablation ITO est 3,8 W, la puissance crête environ 18kW.The manufacture of the glazings which has just been described is the same as that described in the preamble of the present description, except that very small flux lines 13 are formed by a pulsed LASER ablation process. Nd-YAG brand Trumpf, lambda 1064 nm, with a scanner system that can burn any pattern in a 180 * 180mm window. It is this scanner that determines the width of the LASER engraving, by describing a pattern (a circle with a diameter of 0.5mm, 1, 2 or 4mm ...). This pattern is then guided on the glazing following a precise trajectory, by a robot arm (KUKA brand). Part programs (trajectories) are stored in the robot, following a reference trihedron. It is therefore necessary to re-create this trihedron before LASER treatment of ice: the current leads are a good reference on the glazing / heating zone. The average power of the LASER for ITO ablation is 3.8 W, the peak power about 18kW.

Claims (15)

  1. Laminated heated glazing comprising at least two superposed transparent and mechanically strong substrate panes (A, B, C) with interposition, between two adjacent panes, of an interlayer (4; 6) made of a transparent plastic, said glazing furthermore including, in its thickness or on the surface, at least one thin transparent conductive film (11) that extends over at least part of the glazing, said film or films (11) being heated for the purpose of deicing and/or demisting by the Joule effect, with a heating area between two current leads (12) in the case of a single-phase current supply, or with three heating areas between their own current leads in the case of three-phase current supply, said current leads being placed on the boundary of the glazing and being connected to a current source external to the glazing, at least one thin film (11) having flow separation lines (13) formed by etching, in order to guide the current from one band to another, characterized in that the width of said flow separation lines (13) is comprised between 0.1 and 0.2 mm.
  2. The heated glazing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flow separation lines (13) are formed by etching the thin conductive film (11) over a depth that may go as far as the subadjacent film.
  3. The heated glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the flow separation lines (13) are continuous lines or discontinuous lines, for example dotted lines.
  4. The heated glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thin film or at least one thin film (11) having flow separation lines (13) is a demisting film.
  5. The heated glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow separation lines (13) are arranged along substantially parallel lines which are joined approximately at right angles to their respective two current lead bands (12) and which have bends or inflections when the two bands or parts of bands (12) facing each other make an angle between them.
  6. The heated glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, in which the current supply is a three-phase supply, characterized in that the three heating areas are bounded by two phase separation lines (14) which are drawn approximately parallel to the flow separation lines (13) and are formed by etching, going down to the subjacent film and having a width of 1 to 2 mm, the current lead bands (12; 121, 122, 123) being arranged for star connection or delta connection.
  7. The glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thin conductive film (11) is a film of tin oxide or a film of tin-doped indium oxide or a film of fluorine-doped tin oxide, each of these films generally having a thickness of 50 to 500 nanometers, or a silver or gold film generally having a thickness of 50 to 200 nanometers.
  8. The glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thin conductive film (11) is bounded on its periphery by a line (15) which is closed on itself and also formed by etching, said line (15) enclosing the current lead band (12) and being formed over a depth going down to the subjacent film.
  9. The glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, consisting of side or front window for an aircraft cockpit, characterized in that the laminated structure comprises at least two structural glass panes (panes B and C) which are intended to be fixed in a rebate of the vehicle and are bonded together via a first interlayer (4) made of transparent plastic, at least a third sheet (pane A), especially made of glass, which is not fixed to the rebate and is linked to the structural glass pane that is turned toward the outside (pane B) via a second interlayer (6) made of plastic, at least one thin conductive film (11) being placed within the thickness of the glazing.
  10. The glazing as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that it includes a thin demisting film, the possible positions of the or each demisting film being:
    - on pane B, as face turned toward the exterior of the glazing (face 3) or as face turned toward the interior of the glazing (face 4);
    - on pane C, as face turned toward the outside of the glazing (face 5).
  11. The glazing as claimed in either of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that it includes a thin deicing film on pane A, as face turned toward the interior of the glazing (face 2).
  12. The glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said current lead bands with a thin conductive film are placed between the layers of the glazing, which comprise between them the thin conductive film.
  13. The glazing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it includes at least one thin functional film other than the heating film, for example a solar protection film or an electrochromic film, several of these thin functional films possibly being in the form of a multilayer stack.
  14. A process for the fabrication of glazing as defined in one of claims 1 to 13, whereby an assembly of transparent substrate panes are joined together by means of transparent plastic interlayers, at least one of these panes being provided with a thin transparent conductive film having flow separation lines and current lead means, characterized in that the flow separation lines are formed by ablation using a YAG laser, such as an Nd:YAG pulsed laser of 1064 nm wavelength, of 20 W pump power and peak power ranging from 2.8 to 110 kW.
  15. The process as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the line defining the periphery of the conductive film and, in the case of a three-phase supply, the phase separation lines are formed simultaneously with the flow separation lines.
EP06778991.7A 2005-06-30 2006-06-29 Heated laminated glass pane having an improved vision comfort Active EP1897412B9 (en)

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FR0551846A FR2888082B1 (en) 2005-06-30 2005-06-30 LADY HEATED GLAZING HAVING IMPROVED VISION COMFORT
PCT/FR2006/050647 WO2007003849A2 (en) 2005-06-30 2006-06-29 Heated laminated glass pane having an improved vision comfort

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US11845240B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2023-12-19 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Three shot plastic tailgate
US10690314B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2020-06-23 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Lighting systems of tailgates with plastic glazing
US10717348B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2020-07-21 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Surfaces of plastic glazing of tailgates
US10948152B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2021-03-16 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Lighting systems of tailgates with plastic glazing
US11267173B2 (en) 2015-09-07 2022-03-08 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Molding of plastic glazing of tailgates
US11466834B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2022-10-11 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Lighting systems for windows having plastic glazing
US11766965B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2023-09-26 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Illuminated graphic in an automotive plastic glazing
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US11865811B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2024-01-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated glazing comprising a transparent substrate with a heating layer having ablation lines each closing on itself
WO2020120879A1 (en) 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated glazing comprising a transparent substrate with a heating layer having flow lines which altogether are of variable width
WO2023161575A1 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Saint-Gobain Glass France Material comprising a solar control coating
WO2023161574A1 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated glass
FR3133026A1 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-09-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France LAMINATED GLAZING
FR3133057A1 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-09-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France Material comprising a solar control coating

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ES2451190T3 (en) 2014-03-26
CA2613891A1 (en) 2007-01-11
WO2007003849A3 (en) 2007-05-31
FR2888082B1 (en) 2007-08-24
EP1897412A2 (en) 2008-03-12
PL1897412T3 (en) 2014-05-30
KR20080028890A (en) 2008-04-02
US8471177B2 (en) 2013-06-25
JP2009500271A (en) 2009-01-08
JP5107242B2 (en) 2012-12-26
EP1897412B9 (en) 2014-06-11
KR101284633B1 (en) 2013-07-23
CA2613891C (en) 2014-08-12
RU2008103347A (en) 2009-08-10
WO2007003849A2 (en) 2007-01-11
US20080318011A1 (en) 2008-12-25
RU2394399C2 (en) 2010-07-10
CN101283626B (en) 2014-05-07
CN101283626A (en) 2008-10-08
FR2888082A1 (en) 2007-01-05

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