EP1896842A1 - Nichtdestruktives testen von rohren - Google Patents
Nichtdestruktives testen von rohrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1896842A1 EP1896842A1 EP06761063A EP06761063A EP1896842A1 EP 1896842 A1 EP1896842 A1 EP 1896842A1 EP 06761063 A EP06761063 A EP 06761063A EP 06761063 A EP06761063 A EP 06761063A EP 1896842 A1 EP1896842 A1 EP 1896842A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- acoustic
- wall thickness
- fluid
- velocity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002366 time-of-flight method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01M3/243—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations for pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/222—Constructional or flow details for analysing fluids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4418—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
Definitions
- This invention relates to the non-destructive condition assessment of pipes, and in particular buried pipes or pipes that are otherwise inaccessible, such as fire sprinkler systems and pipelines in the oil and gas industry.
- Buried pipes such as pipes used in municipal water systems, lose metal resulting in a reduction in pipe wall thickness, as a result of internal and external corrosion. Sustained wall thickness loss eventually causes the pipe to fail.
- Such pipes have to be periodically inspected and evaluated for structural adequacy. Accurate information about pipe wall thickness is needed to determine the structural capacity of pipes. Also, monitoring of pipe metal loss is needed to estimate the remaining service life of pipes, which is an important part of maintenance management systems of large pipe networks (e.g., urban water or gas distribution systems). It is therefore desirable to be able to assess the condition of buried pipes in a non-destructive and non-intrusive way, that is without damaging the pipe and without taking it out of service.
- One way of determining pipe wall thickness is to obtain pipe coupons (or samples) and then measure the thickness off-site using thickness callipers. Also, wall thickness can be measured using an ultrasonic gauge at locations where the pipe is naturally exposed or intentionally excavated. Both methods provide only a discrete measurement of wall thickness.
- An alternative method for obtaining a continuous measurement of pipe wall thickness employs ultrasonic or magnetic flux leakage or remote-field eddy current devises which are launched inside pipes using robots (known as pipeline pigs).
- the pipe wall thickness is determined from the average propagation velocity of low-frequency acoustic disturbances in the pipe (e.g., pressure fluctuations).
- Low-frequencies typically have a value of less than about 1000Hz.
- the propagation velocity depends on the internal diameter and circumferential thickness profile of the pipe, density and bulk modulus of elasticity of the fluid, and Young's modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of the pipe wall material.
- the velocity can be calculated using the equations derived theoretically.
- the pipe wall thickness is back calculated from these equations using the measured value of the propagation velocity and the above pipe and fluid parameters, which are usually known or easily found.
- the acoustic disturbance can propagate in the in-bracket mode, where the source of the disturbance lies between the two points and the disturbance propagates in opposite directions from the source to the separated points, or in the out-of-bracket mode, where the acoustic source lies outside the two points, and the disturbance propagates from the source and sequentially past the two points in the same direction.
- the propagation velocity can be determined on-site non-destructively and non-intrusively by measuring the time delay between acoustic signals measured at two points on the pipe that are a known distance apart (e.g., control valves or fire hydrants). Ambient noise in the pipe can be used as the acoustic source.
- acoustic noise created by releasing pressurized fluid or by a specially designed device at an in-bracket or out-of-bracket point e.g., a fire hydrant in the case of water distribution pipes
- Acoustic signals can be measured using a pair of vibration sensors (e.g., accelerometers) or hydrophones.
- the time delay between the two measured signals is determined using the well-known time-of- flight method or the cross-correlation function (traditional or enhanced) calculated in the time or frequency domains as described in U.S. patent 6,453,247, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
- the average propagation velocity in the pipe can then be calculated by dividing the difference between the distances of the sensors from the acoustic source by the time delay.
- the acoustic damping capacity of the pipe material can also be determined based on the attenuation of the acoustic signals described above.
- the damping capacity can be determined based on the width of the frequency spectrum peak that corresponds to the fundamental ring frequency of the pipe or based the logarithmic decrement of transient ring vibration.
- the frequency spectrum and logarithmic decrement can found using a simple mechanical impact test at a location where the pipe is exposed, e.g., in an access manhole.
- the damping capacity of the pipe material can be used to obtain information about its tensile strength, especially for cast iron pipes, based on published relationships.
- the method in accordance with the invention has the advantage of being nondestructive and non-intrusive. All required measurements can be made from the ground surface.
- the length of the pipe section represented by the average profile can be arbitrarily chosen. Initially, a 100 metres long section, which is the usual distance between fire hydrants in urban areas, can be chosen. Subsequently, if higher resolution is needed, small access holes to the pipe may be drilled, e.g., using keyhole vacuum excavation technologies, to measure the thickness over shorter pipes sections. Alternatively, arrays of closely spaced hydrophones may be inserted into pipes thru fire hudrants or corporation stops. The measurement and calculation of the pipe wall thickness can be easily made using Windows- based PC software. The proposed method is easy to implement (e.g., in conjunction with routine leak detection surveys). Also, it does not require a high level of operator skill.
- Figure Ia shows an arrangement for measuring propagation velocity of buried pipes in accordance with a first embodiment
- Figure Ib shows an arrangement for measuring propagation velocity of buried pipes in accordance with a second embodiment
- Figures 2a and 2b show PC screens displaying the results of a wall thickness measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 shows the variation of predicted pipe thickness as a function of bulk modulus of water
- Figure 4 shows the frequency spectrum of impact-echo tests on ductile iron sample of reference pipe; and [0018] Figure 5 shows the predicted wall thickness of reference pipe using adjusted bulk modulus of elasticity of water of 1.95 GPa at 20.8 0 C.
- V 0 ⁇ yKIp (1)
- K is the bulk modulus of elasticity of the fluid, pis its density, and ⁇ is the ratio of the specific heats of the fluid (i.e., the ratio of the fluid's heat capacity in a constant pressure process to the heat capacity in a constant volume process).
- the elasticity of the wall of a pressurized fluid-carrying pipe reduces the velocity of acoustic waves in the fluid.
- the amount of the reduction of the velocity depends on the size and shape of the cross-sectional area of the pipe and the elastic modulus of the material of the pipe.
- the general equation of the velocity of acoustic waves in the fluid is defined by the following equation:
- the acoustic velocity may be approximated as:
- ⁇ c and ⁇ a are circumferential and axial stresses in the pipe wall, respectively, and E and ⁇ is the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the pipe material.
- ⁇ is the frequency of the propagating pressure wave (in radians per second)
- the maximum frequency of acoustic noise signals is typically 800 Hz.
- the minimum thickness of the pipe, t m ⁇ n can be back calculated using Eqs. (18) or (23) for pipes with linearly varying wall thickness.
- the maximum thickness, t max is assumed to be equal to the original thickness of the pipe wall, which is usually known or can be measured using a single pipe sample. This is justified based on the observation that a certain part of the pipe's cross-section normally retains its original thickness. This part corresponds to the cathode of the corrosion cell created by differential aeration of the pipe's surface.
- the minimum thickness can also be calculated using Eq. (16) from the mean thickness back calculated using Eq. (20) or (26) for pipes having uniform wall thickness. This will lead to less accurate results than would be obtained using Eq.
- the velocity of acoustic waves in the pipe, v can be measured by correlating acoustic noise signals, which can be ambient or created by intentionally by an acoustic source at a known location.
- the internal diameter of the pipe, D, bulk modulus of elasticity of the fluid, K, and its density, p, elastic modulus of the pipe material, E, and its Poisson's ratio, ⁇ are usually known or can be easily found.
- V 0 1.402385 x 10 3 + 5.038813 f 5.799136 x 10 "2 T 2 +3.287156 x 10 "4 T 3 (28)
- T is the water temperature in 0 C.
- This expression is based on Marczak, W. (1997), Water as a standard in the measurement of the speed of sound in liquids. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 102, No. 5, pp. 2776-2779, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Table 1 lists the velocity of sound, density and the corresponding bulk modulus of elasticity for temperatures between 0 and 40 0 C. Density values are based on the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, 85 th edition, 2004-2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Bulk modulus values were obtained by using Eq. 2.
- VoI 69, No 3, pp 696-701 that a system that exhibits attenuation, which is the case for water, must exhibit dispersion, i.e., dependence of phase velocity on frequency. Also, they showed that acoustic velocities at low frequencies are typically lower than those at higher ones. Consequently, the bulk moduli of water in distribution pipes may be lower than those listed in Table 1.
- the uncertainty regarding the appropriate value of the bulk modulus to be used for thickness calculations can be minimized in accordance with an embodiment of the invention by careful measurement.
- the acoustic velocity is measured for a "reference" pipe of a known wall thickness, diameter and Young's modulus.
- a recently installed pipe of a known class should be used and its Young's modulus should be measured dynamically for an exhumed or leftover sample.
- the bulk modulus is back calculated from the appropriate theoretical acoustic velocity equation or a numerical model for water-filled pipes together with other already known or measured pipe parameters. Measurement of the acoustic velocity of the reference pipe and other pipes should be performed within few days of each other. This is to ensure that temperatures of the fluids in the pipes are similar.
- the bulk modulus may be determined from a relationship established from a set of measurements of the fluid's bulk modulus and temperature for the reference pipe at different times of the year. Determination of the bulk modulus as described here amounts to calibrating the whole thickness measurement method.
- the back calculated modulus implicitly includes corrections for approximations made in the derivation of the velocity equation, e.g., neglecting small terms and inertial effects.
- the acoustic wave velocity can be determined by the following equation, given in Fluid Transients in Pipes and Tunnels: Speed of Propagation of Pressure Waves.
- the thicknesses of the metal section and cement lining for 152 mm 0 Class 52 ductile iron pipes are 7.9 and 2 mm, respectively.
- the thickness of an "equivalent' * ductile iron pipe with no cement lining is equal to 8.2 mm, as found from Eq. 29.
- the equivalent pipe has the same acoustic wave velocity as the cement-lined one.
- Young's modulus of ductile iron is equal to 169 GPa, as found from the resonance frequency of a rod sample using an impact-echo test that can be seen in Figure 4; Poisson's ratio was taken equal to 0.3; and Young's modulus of the cement lining was taken equal to 24 GPa.
- the impact- echo test and modulus calculation was performed in accordance with ASTM standard E 1876-01: Standard test method for dynamic Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio by impulse excitation of vibration, 2001.
- a system of linear equations can be formed based on the relationship between time delays of acoustic signals induced by acoustic sources at different locations, acoustic propagation velocity in the pipe, and lengths of connecting pipes. Time delays between measured acoustic noise can be determined using the time-flight method or the cross- correlation function (either traditional or enhanced). The acoustic velocity can then be found by solving the system of linear equations.
- the number of acoustic sources at different locations should be equal to the number of unknowns. Two or three acoustic sources are sufficient in most cases.
- This non-destructive technology in accordance with embodiments of the present invention to measure pipe metal loss, i.e., to determine the remaining thickness of pipe walls, provides these utilities with a reliable and accurate way to obtain data that allows them to calculate the remaining service life of pipes. This allows the formulation of capital budget plans that are based on technically sound engineering data, which in turn enhances the decision making process.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/156,573 US7328618B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | Non-destructive testing of pipes |
PCT/CA2006/000996 WO2006136013A1 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2006-06-19 | Non-destructive testing of pipes |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1896842A1 true EP1896842A1 (de) | 2008-03-12 |
EP1896842A4 EP1896842A4 (de) | 2011-08-10 |
EP1896842B1 EP1896842B1 (de) | 2017-03-01 |
Family
ID=37570059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06761063.4A Active EP1896842B1 (de) | 2005-06-21 | 2006-06-19 | Nichtdestruktives testen von rohren |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7328618B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1896842B1 (de) |
JP (3) | JP2008544260A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2006261535B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2612835C (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ564647A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006136013A1 (de) |
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US8017858B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2011-09-13 | Steve Mann | Acoustic, hyperacoustic, or electrically amplified hydraulophones or multimedia interfaces |
US7328618B2 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2008-02-12 | National Research Council Of Canada | Non-destructive testing of pipes |
US7810378B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2010-10-12 | National Research Council Of Canada | Monitoring of leakage in wastewater force mains and other pipes carrying fluid under pressure |
MX2010010142A (es) | 2008-03-14 | 2010-12-20 | Cidra Corporate Services Inc | Administracion de flujo y tubo usando medicion de perfil de velocidad y/o espesor de pared de tubo y monitoreo de desgaste. |
US9182081B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2015-11-10 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Rapid data-based data adequacy procedure for pipeline integrity assessment |
US7941282B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2011-05-10 | Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited | Estimating worst case corrosion in a pipeline |
CN102171559B (zh) * | 2008-08-05 | 2014-12-17 | 全技术有限公司 | 评估管道壁强度损伤的装置和方法 |
US9097601B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2015-08-04 | Adelaide Research & Innovation Pty Ltd. | Method and system for assessment of pipeline condition |
GB0914463D0 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2009-09-30 | Sev Trent Water Ltd | Leak detector |
WO2011061739A1 (en) * | 2009-11-22 | 2011-05-26 | Acousticeye Ltd | Apparatus and method for real time monitoring of tube systems |
KR100989515B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-03 | 2010-10-26 | 부경엔지니어링주식회사 | 마이크로프로세서를 이용한 관로 파이프 구간의 검사 장치 및 그 방법 |
JP5654124B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 | 2015-01-14 | ミューラー インターナショナル エルエルシーMueller International,Llc | インフラ監視装置、システム、および方法 |
RU2467299C1 (ru) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-20 | Дочернее Открытое Акционерное Общество (ДОАО) "Оргэнергогаз" ОАО "Газпром" | Способ гидравлического испытания на удар и реабилитации трубопровода, осуществляемый при его нагружении повышенным давлением в полевых условиях |
GB2492802A (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-16 | Statoil Petroleum As | Using distributed acoustic measurements for surveying a hydrocarbon producing well and for compensating other acoustic measurements |
US9772250B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2017-09-26 | Mueller International, Llc | Leak detector and sensor |
US11221291B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2022-01-11 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Measurement-based, in-service method for updating the internal inspection interval of an AST |
US10345270B1 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2019-07-09 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Measurement-based, in-service method for determining the time to the next internal inspection of an AST |
US9228932B1 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2016-01-05 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extending the time between out-of-service, in-tank inspections |
US9766175B1 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2017-09-19 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for in-service measurement of the bottom thickness and corrosion rate of a tank bottom |
US11796450B1 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2023-10-24 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining the time between internal inspections of a tank |
US10775293B1 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2020-09-15 | Vista Precision Solutions, Inc. | Measurement-based, in-service method for updating the internal inspection interval of an AST |
JP5673593B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-11 | 2015-02-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 漏水検知方法および漏水検知装置 |
DK2912416T3 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2018-09-10 | Mueller Int Llc | Detecting Leaks in a Fluid Distribution System |
EP2808677B1 (de) | 2012-10-27 | 2021-09-22 | Valerian Goroshevskiy | Verfahren zum berührungslosen Prüfen von metallischen Konstruktionen |
WO2014148933A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and monitoring device for monitoring a structure |
RU2516766C1 (ru) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-05-20 | Открытое Акционерное Общество (ОАО) "Оргэнергогаз" | Способ восстановления несущей способности трубопровода |
US9651445B2 (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2017-05-16 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Fluid pipeline leak detection and location with miniature RF tags |
EP2986962A1 (de) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-02-24 | Gutermann AG | Verfahren zur bewertung akustischer sensordaten in einem flüssigkeitsführenden netzwerk und bewertungseinheit |
US9528903B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2016-12-27 | Mueller International, Llc | Piezoelectric vibration sensor for fluid leak detection |
JP5801520B1 (ja) * | 2014-10-01 | 2015-10-28 | 中国電力株式会社 | 高クロム鋼管の余寿命を推定する余寿命推定方法 |
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US9835592B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-12-05 | Mueller International, Llc | Determination of tuberculation in a fluid distribution system |
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US7475596B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
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