EP1889035A2 - Commande d'excedant d'air de bruleurs de four de craqueur - Google Patents

Commande d'excedant d'air de bruleurs de four de craqueur

Info

Publication number
EP1889035A2
EP1889035A2 EP06770146A EP06770146A EP1889035A2 EP 1889035 A2 EP1889035 A2 EP 1889035A2 EP 06770146 A EP06770146 A EP 06770146A EP 06770146 A EP06770146 A EP 06770146A EP 1889035 A2 EP1889035 A2 EP 1889035A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
analyte
combustion gas
excess air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06770146A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James D. Tate
Gerald D. Frederick
Sylvester Irving
Charles W. Lipp
Andy E. Weber
Christopher J. Reed
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of EP1889035A2 publication Critical patent/EP1889035A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • C10G9/206—Tube furnaces controlling or regulating the tube furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners

Definitions

  • the instant invention is in the field of methods for the control of excess air in cracker furnace burners.
  • the production of olefins by thermally cracking a hydrocarbon material, such as petroleum naphtha, is one of the most important processes in the chemical process industry.
  • ABB Corporation reportedly constructed a cracking plant in Port Arthur Texas having a capacity to produce over a million tons of ethylene and propylene per year.
  • the cracking process is conducted in a "cracker".
  • a cracker usually comprises an enclosure containing tubes and a burner. Heat generated by burning a fuel heats the hydrocarbon material flowing in the tubes so that the hydrocarbon material is thermally cracked to produce, among other things, ethylene and propylene.
  • a cracker is comprised of a radiant section and a convection section.
  • the burner is positioned in the radiant section so that the tubes positioned in the radiant section are heated primarily by radiant heat emitted from the walls adjacent to the burner.
  • the combustion gas from the radiant section is then directed to the convection section where heat from the combustion gas is recoverd to heat tubes positioned in the convection section.
  • An oxygen sensor such as a zirconium oxide oxygen sensor, is ordinarily positioned in the cracker between the radiant section and the convection section to facilitate of control the air/fuel ratio of the burner.
  • the overall efficiency of the cracker is primarily a function of the amount of excess air present in the firebox and the temperature of the exhaust gas from the cracker.
  • the oxygen sensor of a conventional cracker is a "point measurement device", i.e., it measures oxygen at the position where the sensor is located. Such a measurement is not representative of the oxygen concentration in the cracker as a whole.
  • Section H4.3 Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems, Global climate & Energy Project, Stanford University, 2004, by Hanson et al., summarized the development of the tunable near-infrared diode laser and absorption spectroscopy approach for the determination of oxygen, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in the combustion gas from a coal fired utility boiler, a waste incinerator as well as from jet engines.
  • the instant invention is a solution, at least in part, to the above-stated problem of the need for a more reliable and representative analysis of combustion gas from a thermal cracker furnace.
  • the instant invention is the application of the tunable near-infrared diode laser and absorption spectroscopy approach for the determination of, for example, oxygen, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in the combustion gas from a thermal cracker furnace.
  • the instant invention is a method for control of the air/fuel ratio of the burners of a thermal cracker comprising the steps of: (a) directing a wavelength modulated beam of near infrared light from a tunable diode laser through combustion gas from the burners to a near infrared light detector to generate a detector signal; (b) analyzing the detector signal for spectroscopic absorption at wavelengths characteristic for an analyte selected from the group consisting of oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide to determine the concentration of the analyte in the combustion gas; and (c) adjusting the air/fuel ratio of the burners (i.e. excess air in the furnace) in response to the concentration of the analyte of step (b).
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a typical thermal cracking furnace 10 for producing olefins
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic rear view of the furnace 10 of Fig. 1 schematic rear view of of the furnace 10 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed view of a preferred tunable diode laser spectroscopy apparatus for use in the instant invention
  • Fig. 4 is a spectra collected using the system of the instant invention showing fine structure absorbance in the wavelength region characteristic for oxygen absorbance of near infrared light generated by a tunable diode laser.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a typical thermal cracking furnace 10 for producing olefins including an enclosure 11 having an air inlet 12 and an exhaust outlet 13.
  • An air inlet fan 14 provides forced draft through a burner 15.
  • An exhaust fan 16 provides an induced draft from the furnace 10.
  • the interior of the furnace 10 is comprised of three primary portions: the firebox portion 17; the bridge wall portion 18; and the convection portion 19. Combustion gases from the burner 15 are first directed into the firebox portion 17 of the furnace 10, then through the bridge wall portion 18, then through the convection portion 19 and then out of the exhaust outlet 13.
  • Feed stream 20 is conducted through tubing 21 to preheat the feed.
  • FIG. 1 showing the exterior walls of the firebox portion 17, the bridge wall portion 18 and the convection portion 19.
  • a tunable diode laser system 26 is mounted at the bridge wall portion 18 of the furnace 10 so that light from the tunable diode laser of the tunable diode laser system 26 can be shown through the combustion gas flowing through the bridge wall portion 18 to a light detector system 27.
  • FIG. 3 therein is shown a more detailed view of the diode laser system 26 and light detector system 27 shown in Fig. 2.
  • the system shown in Fig. 3 includes a laser module 37 containing the tunable diode laser.
  • a control unit 31 contains the central processing unit programmed for signal processing (to be discussed below in greater detail) as well as the temperature and current control for the tunable diode laser and a user interface and display.
  • the control unit may be contained in a separate unit as shown or may be included in one of the other components of the system, e.g. contron unit contained in the transmitter.
  • Alignment plate 29 and adjustment rods 30 allow alignment of the laser beam 41.
  • the laser beam passes through a window or windows (e.g.
  • the windows such as dual sapphire windows 28 may be mounted in a four inch pipe flange 40.
  • the space between the windows 28 is purged with 25 Liters per minute of nitrogen at ten pounds per square inch gauge pressure.
  • the flange 40 is mounted through the wall of the furnace.
  • the laser beam 41 is passed through a window or windows 33 (they maybe dual sapphire or other suitable material such as fused silica) to a near infrared light detector 38.
  • the windows 33 may be mounted in a four inch pipe flange 39. The space between the windows 33 is purged with 25 Liters per minute of nitrogen at ten pounds per square inch gauge pressure.
  • the flange 39 is mounted through the wall of the furnace. Alignment plate 34 and adjustment rods 35 allow alignment of the detector optics with the laser beam 41.
  • Detector electronics 36 are in electrical communication with the control unit 31 by way of cable 37.
  • the control unit 31 is also in electrical communication with the process control system 32 for controlling the furnace 10 (by way of electrical cables 38).
  • the optical path length of the laser beam 41 is about sixty feet.
  • the system shown in Fig. 3 is commercially available from Analytical Specialties of Houston, Texas.
  • the system shown in Fig. 3 operates by measuring the amount of laser light that is absorbed (lost) as it travels through the combustion gas. Oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide each have spectral absorption that exhibits unique fine structure. The individual features of the spectra are seen at the high resolution of the tunable diode laser 37.
  • the tunable diode laser 37 is modulated (that is scanned or tuned from one wavelength to another) by controlling its input current from the control unit 31.
  • Fig. 4 therein is shown a spectrum in the region where oxygen absorbs the modulated beam of near infrared light from the tunable diode laser.
  • the absorbance shown in Fig. 4 is proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the combustion gas.
  • a carbon monoxide absorbance line near 2333 nanometers is used to determine low parts per million concentration of carbon monoxide.
  • a carbon monoxide absorbance line near 1570 is used to determine higher concentrations of carbon monoxide.
  • a nitrogen oxide absorbance line near 2740 nanometers is used to determine low to sub parts per million concentration of nitrogen oxide.
  • a nitrogen oxide absorbance line near 1800 is used to determine higher concentrations of nitrogen oxide.
  • the air/fuel ratio of the burners (excess air in furnace) 15 (which is controlled by the process controller 32 of Fig. 3) can be controlled to optimize the oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide concentrations in the combustion gas in response to the tunable diode laser spectroscopic analysis of oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide outlined above.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de commande de rapport air/combustible du ou des brûleurs (excédant d'air) d'un craqueur thermique qui comprend trois étapes. La première étape consiste à diriger un faisceau modulé en longueur d'onde d'une lumière proche de l'infrarouge à partir d'un laser à diode accordable par combustion de gaz du brûleur vers un détecteur de lumière proche de l'infrarouge afin de générer un signal de détecteur. La seconde étape consiste à analyser ce signal de détecteur en vue d'une absorption spectroscopique à des longueurs d'onde caractéristiques d'un analyte sélectionné dans le groupe constitué d'oxygène, monoxyde de carbone et oxyde d'azote afin de déterminer la concentration de cet analyte dans le gaz de combustion. La troisième étape consiste à réguler le rapport air/combustible du ou des brûleurs (excédant d'air) en réponse à la concentration de cet analyte de la seconde étape.
EP06770146A 2005-05-16 2006-05-09 Commande d'excedant d'air de bruleurs de four de craqueur Ceased EP1889035A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68154905P 2005-05-16 2005-05-16
PCT/US2006/017977 WO2006124422A2 (fr) 2005-05-16 2006-05-09 Commande d'excedant d'air de bruleurs de four de craqueur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1889035A2 true EP1889035A2 (fr) 2008-02-20

Family

ID=37038383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06770146A Ceased EP1889035A2 (fr) 2005-05-16 2006-05-09 Commande d'excedant d'air de bruleurs de four de craqueur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110062056A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1889035A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5142986B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101175988B (fr)
WO (1) WO2006124422A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102175642B (zh) * 2010-12-31 2012-12-12 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 气体的在位测量方法及装置
GB2514341B (en) * 2013-05-20 2016-08-24 Edwards Ltd Radiant burner combustion monitoring
EP3553499B1 (fr) 2018-04-13 2020-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Analyseur de gaz et procédé de mesure des oxydes d'azote dans un gaz d'échappement
EP3561487B1 (fr) * 2018-04-25 2023-01-18 ABB Schweiz AG Dispositif de mesure destiné à l'analyse d'une composition d'un gaz de combustion pourvu d'une chambre filtrante disposée devant un détecteur
EP4105297A1 (fr) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-21 Linde GmbH Procédé et système de mesure permettant de déterminer une teneur en oxygène dans un four, four et installation technique

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5443040A (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-22 Chiyoda Corporation Pipestill heater and method for controlling combustion in pipestill heater

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US2037379A (en) * 1923-09-24 1936-04-14 Sinclair Refining Co Cracking of oil
US3831030A (en) * 1971-07-19 1974-08-20 Texas Instruments Inc Laser-operated system for spectroscopic analysis
GB2064780B (en) * 1979-11-23 1984-04-18 Neotronics Ltd Apparatus for measuring the efficiency of combustion appliances
JPH01275691A (ja) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-06 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp 熱分解炉の制御法
FR2631957B1 (fr) * 1988-05-30 1990-08-31 Bp Chimie Sa Procede et appareillage de fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines par reaction de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures controlee a l'aide d'un systeme comprenant un spectrophotometre infrarouge
SE8802536D0 (sv) * 1988-07-07 1988-07-07 Altoptronic Ab Metod och apparat for spektroskopisk metning av koncentrationen av en gas i ett prov
US5252060A (en) * 1992-03-27 1993-10-12 Mckinnon J Thomas Infrared laser fault detection method for hazardous waste incineration
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US5656150A (en) * 1994-08-25 1997-08-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for treating the radiant tubes of a fired heater in a thermal cracking process
US20020031737A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-03-14 American Air Liquide, Inc. Method for continuously monitoring chemical species and temperature in hot process gases
EP2264435A3 (fr) * 2000-06-26 2011-12-07 Murray Thomson Procédé permettant une commande ameliorée de processus dans des applications relatives a la combustion
CN1150300C (zh) * 2001-04-11 2004-05-19 中国石化集团扬子石油化工有限责任公司 乙烯装置中裂解炉的智能控制方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006124422A3 (fr) 2007-01-04
JP5142986B2 (ja) 2013-02-13
CN101175988B (zh) 2010-08-25
WO2006124422A2 (fr) 2006-11-23
CN101175988A (zh) 2008-05-07
JP2008540804A (ja) 2008-11-20
US20110062056A1 (en) 2011-03-17

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