EP1885668B1 - Pyrotechnic thermal fuse - Google Patents
Pyrotechnic thermal fuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1885668B1 EP1885668B1 EP06716920.1A EP06716920A EP1885668B1 EP 1885668 B1 EP1885668 B1 EP 1885668B1 EP 06716920 A EP06716920 A EP 06716920A EP 1885668 B1 EP1885668 B1 EP 1885668B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- thermal fuse
- pyrotechnic composition
- pyrotechnic
- nitro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanylurea Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(N)=O SQSPRWMERUQXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MJVUDZGNBKFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nitronitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N[N+]([O-])=O MJVUDZGNBKFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000950638 Symphysodon discus Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic thermal fuse, that is, a pellet consisting of a substance with well-defined auto-ignition temperature.
- the field of application for the invention relates to gas generators that inflate an airbag in a vehicle.
- Thermal fuses are used in the automotive industry in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision.
- the function of the thermal fuse is to prevent an explosion in the generator during a fire when all the powder within it could potentially heat up and ignite simultaneously with an instantaneous ignition as a result.
- the thermal fuse has a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the generator, which causes the pellet to ignite before the remaining substances. This will result in a normal inflation of the airbag.
- thermal fuse The main requirement on a thermal fuse is stability during several tests to be able to guarantee functioning even after a long storage time. Furthermore it is required that a thermal fuse have a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the gas generator to be able to function satisfactorily. Another requirement is that a thermal fuse survives storage at 140°C for six hours without igniting but without the requirement that it function after the test. A thermal fuse must even pass a Bonfire test to demonstrate functionality under realistic conditions in which a gas generator heats up during a fire.
- USA patent 5,866,842 describes a composition that ignites between 130-175°C. It consists of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) together with among other ingredients potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and boron.
- NTO 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one
- USA patent US20030145922 A1 discuses preferred organic gas-producing fuels for use in igniter compositions.
- Preferred organic gas-producing fuels contain nitrates of amine or urea derivate.
- One main objective of the invention is to provide a pyrotechnic thermal fuse that fulfills all of the requirements on such a device.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse has a well-defined auto-ignition temperature plus good stability during storage at 107°C for 408 hours and survives six hours at 140°C without igniting.
- a pyrotechnic thermal fuse is made by mixing fuel with oxidizer together with a reducing agent in the form of a slag former in various compositions. These compositions show no sign of being hygroscopic, which can be positive if they should come into contact with moisture inside the gas generator. Some of the tested compositions will be described in a number of examples below.
- the present invention is intended for use for example in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision.
- the invention is placed in a gas generator together with the gas-generating substance found in the above-mentioned gas generators.
- the invention is a pyrotechnic thermal fuse composed of a number of compositions with well-defined auto-ignition temperatures. These auto-ignition temperatures should be considerably lower than the gas-generating substances in the gas generator in order to fulfill the purpose of the thermal fuse.
- the purpose is that the pyrotechnic thermal fuse should ignite the gas-generating substances in the gas generator during a fire and in that way create a controllable function to prevent a potential explosion.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse is compatible with several different gas-generating substances. These gas-generating substances have had auto-ignition temperature from 200°C and upward.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse produces a spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature between 150-180°C depending on the composition and it is thermally stable in the tests that have been conducted, 107°C for 408 hours and it survives six hours at 140°C without igniting.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse even survives a cycle test in the temperature range -40°C to 90°C.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse to which the invention applies can have different auto-ignition temperatures depending on the mixing proportions of the component parts.
- These components are Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight together with 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight.
- oxidizing agent taken from the nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates and oxides of transition metals in the periodic table in proportions of 5-40 percent by weight.
- oxidizing agent taken from the nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates and oxides of transition metals in the periodic table in proportions of 5-40 percent by weight.
- one or more slag-forming substance from one of the groups in the periodic table including Boron or Zirconium in proportions of 0.5-10 percent by weight.
- compositions of the pyrotechnic thermal fuse include 1. Guanylurea dinitramide 35 percent by weight
- test compositions have been produced for this purpose by dry-blending the component parts and then sifting them through 100 mesh sized wire sieve. Pellets of 5 mm diameter have been pressed from the compositions and these have then been used to test auto-ignition temperatures. A pressure exponent has even been measured for Examples No. 1 and 2. The following abbreviations have been used for the tests:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic thermal fuse, that is, a pellet consisting of a substance with well-defined auto-ignition temperature. The field of application for the invention relates to gas generators that inflate an airbag in a vehicle.
- Thermal fuses are used in the automotive industry in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision. The function of the thermal fuse is to prevent an explosion in the generator during a fire when all the powder within it could potentially heat up and ignite simultaneously with an instantaneous ignition as a result. The thermal fuse has a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the generator, which causes the pellet to ignite before the remaining substances. This will result in a normal inflation of the airbag.
- The main requirement on a thermal fuse is stability during several tests to be able to guarantee functioning even after a long storage time. Furthermore it is required that a thermal fuse have a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the gas generator to be able to function satisfactorily. Another requirement is that a thermal fuse survives storage at 140°C for six hours without igniting but without the requirement that it function after the test. A thermal fuse must even pass a Bonfire test to demonstrate functionality under realistic conditions in which a gas generator heats up during a fire.
- There are a number of previous and similar projects that claim to have a solution to the problem described above. However, none of them mention the requirement to survive 140°C for six hours. USA patent
5,084,118 describes how 5-aminotetrazole together with potassium or sodium chlorate and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine provide spontaneous ignition at approximately 177°C. Chlorates are sensitive to moisture and can form hydrochloric acid in contact with water, which is why they should be avoided in environments where moisture can be found. - USA patent
5,380,380 describes how a hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is mixed with various oxidizers to cause spontaneous ignition between 130-210°C. Nothing is mentioned about the stability of the compositions. - USA patent
5,866,842 describes a composition that ignites between 130-175°C. It consists of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) together with among other ingredients potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and boron. - USA patent
US2001042577 describes how 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one (NTO) together with for example guanidine nitrate and an oxidizer cause spontaneous ignition at temperatures from 150°C and upward. - USA patent
US20030145922 A1 discuses preferred organic gas-producing fuels for use in igniter compositions. Preferred organic gas-producing fuels contain nitrates of amine or urea derivate. - One main objective of the invention is to provide a pyrotechnic thermal fuse that fulfills all of the requirements on such a device. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse has a well-defined auto-ignition temperature plus good stability during storage at 107°C for 408 hours and survives six hours at 140°C without igniting.
- As claimed in the present invention, a pyrotechnic thermal fuse is made by mixing fuel with oxidizer together with a reducing agent in the form of a slag former in various compositions. These compositions show no sign of being hygroscopic, which can be positive if they should come into contact with moisture inside the gas generator. Some of the tested compositions will be described in a number of examples below.
- The main objective is fulfilled by the characteristics described in the patent claim.
- The present invention is intended for use for example in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision. The invention is placed in a gas generator together with the gas-generating substance found in the above-mentioned gas generators.
- The invention is a pyrotechnic thermal fuse composed of a number of compositions with well-defined auto-ignition temperatures. These auto-ignition temperatures should be considerably lower than the gas-generating substances in the gas generator in order to fulfill the purpose of the thermal fuse. The purpose is that the pyrotechnic thermal fuse should ignite the gas-generating substances in the gas generator during a fire and in that way create a controllable function to prevent a potential explosion. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse is compatible with several different gas-generating substances. These gas-generating substances have had auto-ignition temperature from 200°C and upward.
- The pyrotechnic thermal fuse produces a spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature between 150-180°C depending on the composition and it is thermally stable in the tests that have been conducted, 107°C for 408 hours and it survives six hours at 140°C without igniting. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse even survives a cycle test in the temperature range -40°C to 90°C.
- The pyrotechnic thermal fuse to which the invention applies can have different auto-ignition temperatures depending on the mixing proportions of the component parts. These components are Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight together with 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight.
- These are then mixed with oxidizing agent taken from the nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates and oxides of transition metals in the periodic table in proportions of 5-40 percent by weight. Additionally, one or more slag-forming substance from one of the groups in the periodic table including Boron or Zirconium in proportions of 0.5-10 percent by weight.
- Particularly favorable compositions of the pyrotechnic thermal fuse include 1. Guanylurea dinitramide 35 percent by weight
- NTO 40 percent by weight
- Boron 5 percent by weight or zirconium 10 percent by weight
- Potassium nitrate 20 percent by weight
- It is known that a hydrazine salt of NTO can be produced using a simple method and it is probable that this compound could be used as a substitute for NTO in the compositions belonging to the invention.
- A number of test compositions have been produced for this purpose by dry-blending the component parts and then sifting them through 100 mesh sized wire sieve. Pellets of 5 mm diameter have been pressed from the compositions and these have then been used to test auto-ignition temperatures. A pressure exponent has even been measured for Examples No. 1 and 2. The following abbreviations have been used for the tests:
- GuDN = Guanylurea dinitramide
- NTO = 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
- KClO4 = Potassium perchlorate
- KNO3 = Potassium nitrate
- B = Boron
- Zr = Zirconium
- A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- 35% GuDN
- 40% NTO
- 20% KN03
- 5% B
- Auto-ignition temperature TA was 155°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 155°C. The pressure exponent was 0.3.
- A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- 35% GuDN
- 35 % NTO
- 20% KNO3
- 10% Zr
- Auto-ignition temperature TA was 155°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 155°C. The pressure exponent was 0.35.
Claims (4)
- A pyrotechnic composition intended for a thermal fuse to produce spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition comprises; 5 - 50 weight % guanylurea dinitramide, 5 - 50 weight % 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one, 5 - 40 weight % oxidizing agent and 0.5 - 10 weight % slag-former.
- A pyrotechnic composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition comprises 35 weight-% guanylurea dinitramide, 40 weight % 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one, 5 weight-% boron and 20 weight-% potassium nitrate.
- A pyrotechnic composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition comprises 35 weight-% guanylurea dinitramide, 35 weight % 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one, 10 weight-% zirconium and 20 weight-% potassium nitrate.
- A pyrotechnic composition intended for a thermal fuse to produce spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition comprises; 5 - 50 weight % guanylurea dinitramide, 5 - 50 weight % hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one, 5 - 40 weight % oxidizing agent and 0.5 - 10 weight % slag-former.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0501183A SE527743C2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2005-05-26 | Pyrotechnic thermic safety device comprises self-ignition system for gas generator for inflating airbag in event of motor vehicle collision |
| PCT/SE2006/000230 WO2006126927A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-02-22 | Pyrotechnic thermal fuse |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1885668A1 EP1885668A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| EP1885668A4 EP1885668A4 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| EP1885668B1 true EP1885668B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
Family
ID=36499124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06716920.1A Active EP1885668B1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-02-22 | Pyrotechnic thermal fuse |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1885668B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE527743C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006126927A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8778104B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2014-07-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Insensitive gun propellant, ammunition round assembly, armament system, and related methods |
| US8425703B1 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2013-04-23 | The United States of Amierica as Represented by the Secretary of the Navy | Insensitive munitions primers |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5084118A (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition composition for inflator gas generators |
| US5380380A (en) | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-10 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
| US5866842A (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1999-02-02 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Low temperature autoigniting propellant composition |
| US6453816B2 (en) | 1996-07-20 | 2002-09-24 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff-Und Systemtechnik | Temperature fuse with lower detonation point |
| US20030145922A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2003-08-07 | Taylor Robert D. | Vehicular occupant restraint |
| DE202004009449U1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-10-28 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gas generating composition |
| DE202004009621U1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2004-08-19 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Pyrotechnic composition |
-
2005
- 2005-05-26 SE SE0501183A patent/SE527743C2/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-02-22 EP EP06716920.1A patent/EP1885668B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-22 WO PCT/SE2006/000230 patent/WO2006126927A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE0501183L (en) | 2006-05-30 |
| EP1885668A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| EP1885668A4 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| WO2006126927A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
| SE527743C2 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
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