EP1881511A1 - Commutateur hybride - Google Patents

Commutateur hybride Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1881511A1
EP1881511A1 EP07112803A EP07112803A EP1881511A1 EP 1881511 A1 EP1881511 A1 EP 1881511A1 EP 07112803 A EP07112803 A EP 07112803A EP 07112803 A EP07112803 A EP 07112803A EP 1881511 A1 EP1881511 A1 EP 1881511A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
static
current
mechanical
mechanical switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07112803A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claudio Ravera
Andrea Florio
Antonio Rebora
Andrea Taffone
Sandro Tenconi
Franco Zanzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Energia SpA
Original Assignee
Ansaldo Ricerche SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ansaldo Ricerche SpA filed Critical Ansaldo Ricerche SpA
Publication of EP1881511A1 publication Critical patent/EP1881511A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/59Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid switch.
  • Static switches produced using semiconductor components, have extremely short switching times and do not produce electric arcs; however, these switches are associated with high conduction losses.
  • Hybrid structures known in the literature are essentially of two types, namely ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) and ZCS (Zero Current Switching).
  • These structures are suitable to reduce the power transferred to the electric arc during current interruption, thereby reducing the opening times and the size of the electric arc.
  • a hybrid switch ( Figure 1) is produced including a mechanical switch MS coupled with a static switch TS (constituted in the example in Figure 1 consists in two IGBTs T1, T2, placed in series with each other) placed in parallel with the contacts of the mechanical switch MS .
  • the structure of the static switch is completed by the capacities of clamps C1, C2 and by the resistors R1, R2 placed in parallel with the respective IGBTs T1, T2.
  • a switch of the type illustrated above is described in the patent application EP 1 168 397 entitled "Static Power Switch Device".
  • the opening steps of a ZVS hybrid switch include:
  • the operations are executed in the reverse order.
  • the static switch TS is closed first; the mechanical switch MS is closed subsequently, with a voltage of a few volts; in this case, if the static switch TS were to be closed on a short circuit, it would be re-opened immediately, within reaction times of a few millionths of second, and the mechanical switch MS would not be made to close at all, as explained in greater detail below.
  • the ZVS technology illustrated above requires static switches capable of withstanding the entire current that is interrupted, which in the case of a fault can be significantly higher than the rated current of the switch. These static switches must be mounted strictly coupled with the electromechanical contacts to minimize parasitic reactances between mechanical switch and static switch, which determine the value and duration of the arc voltage.
  • ZVS hybrid switches have large dimensions as static switches must be dimensioned as a function of the maximum current to be interrupted, the value of which depends on the maximum current admissible in the switch, on the separation time of the contacts (fractions of millisecond at best) and on the derivative of the fault current. As a result, ZVS hybrid switches are difficult to produce for high powers.
  • a hybrid switch is produced ( Figure 2) including a mechanical switch MS coupled with an inductive-capacitive circuit LC implemented on a branch parallel with the contacts of the mechanical switch MS.
  • This parallel branch is connectable to/disconnectable from the contacts by means of a static switch TH, for example a thyristor.
  • a bypass diode D is placed between the contacts of the mechanical switch MS.
  • Opening of a ZCS hybrid switch includes the following steps:
  • a ZCS hybrid switch requires minimization of the inductance only of the loop including the mechanical switch MS and the diode D.
  • the ZCS switch is preferable to the ZVS switch, which requires minimization of the inductances of the entire loop including the mechanical switch MS and the static switch TS.
  • the ZCS layout therefore allows the mechanical switch MS and the diode D to be placed separately from the rest of the electronic components.
  • the layout of the ZCS hybrid switch allows greater freedom with respect to ZVS technology.
  • the ZCS hybrid switch also has the important characteristic of not requiring (as is instead the case for the ZVS layout) semiconductors capable of carrying high currents. It can be produced with thyristors, i.e. with simple, reliable and relatively inexpensive semiconductor components.
  • the ZCS switch has some drawbacks.
  • the capacitor C of the resonant circuit present in the ZCS layout must store considerable energy. Therefore, it is bulky and costly, and must be kept suitably charged at all times during operation to ensure an adequate current pulse. Moreover, according to the ZCS layout, the pulse current cannot be regulated and therefore the full pulse current is delivered even in the case of opening of currents considerably lower than the rated current carried by the mechanical switch.
  • Another drawback of the ZCS layout is that the closing operation (unlike the ZVS type) cannot be executed by first closing the static switch TS and only subsequently the mechanical switch MS; therefore the electric arcs that develop during closing under load (also caused by bouncing of the contacts) cannot be eliminated and, above all in the case of short circuit closing, the times of the re-opening operation are conditional upon the re-opening times of the mechanical contacts; while the ZVS switch does not have these drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a hybrid switch that overcomes the drawbacks of prior art hybrid switches.
  • the preceding object is achieved by the present invention as it relates to a hybrid switch characterized in that it includes: a mechanical switch; at least one first static switch placed on a first branch (R1) parallel with the contacts of the mechanical switch; at least one backup charge, in particular a capacitor, placed on a second branch parallel with the contacts of the mechanical switch and couplable with/decouplable from the mechanical switch by means of a second static switch; and an electronic control unit suitable to produce at least one control cycle of said first static switch and of said second static switch to extinguish the arc that forms between said contacts following opening under load of the mechanical switch.
  • the hybrid switch 1 shown in Figure 3 includes a first mechanical switch 2 (of known type, in particular electro-mechanical) with a first contact 2a connected to a first electrical line 4 and a second contact 2b connected to a second electrical line 6.
  • a first mechanical switch 2 of known type, in particular electro-mechanical
  • first contact 2a connected to a first electrical line 4
  • second contact 2b connected to a second electrical line 6.
  • the hybrid switch 1 also includes a first unidirectional semiconductor static switch 9, interposed between the contacts 2a and 2b and produced, in the example of embodiment shown, by an IGCT.
  • the switch 9 is therefore placed in a first branch R1 parallel with the contacts 2a, 2b of the mechanical switch 2.
  • a bypass diode 11 is placed with the cathode connected to the contact 2a and the anode connected to the contact 2b.
  • the electrical connection that places the contact 2a, the cathode of the diode 11 and the anode of the switch 9 in communication is produced to have a low inductance value.
  • the electrical connection that places the anode of the diode 11, the cathode of the switch 9 and the contact 2b in communication is produced to have a low inductance value.
  • the hybrid switch 1 also includes an oscillating inductive-capacitive circuit 13 wherein the inductive and capacitive elements are placed in series with one another.
  • the oscillating inductive-capacitive circuit 13 is placed in series with a second unidirectional static switch 16 (which in the example of embodiment shown is produced by a thyristor 16a and a diode 16b placed in series with each other) which constitute, as a whole, a branch R2 in parallel with the mechanical switch 2.
  • a second unidirectional static switch 16 which in the example of embodiment shown is produced by a thyristor 16a and a diode 16b placed in series with each other
  • the oscillating circuit 13 includes a capacitor 15 (backup charge) with a first terminal (+) connected to the electrical line 6 and a second terminal (-) connected to a first terminal of an inductor 17, having in turn a second terminal connected to the electrical line 4 through the interposition of the second static switch 16.
  • a dissipation resistor 22 is placed in parallel with the capacitor 15 through the interposition of a third unidirectional static switch 24 produced, in the example shown, by a component with controllable voltage (in the example of embodiment shown the third static switch is produced using an IGCT).
  • the resistor 22 is used to dissipate the magnetic energy present in the circuit, which is interrupted by opening the switch 2, said energy being transferred to the capacitor 15 when the first static switch 9 is opened.
  • a fourth unidirectional static switch 18 is interposed between the second terminal of the inductor 17 and the first terminal of the capacitor 15.
  • a diode 19 is placed in series with the static switch 18.
  • the first electrical line 4 is connected to a first polarity (+) of a direct voltage source Vcc so that a first terminal of the fourth static switch is connected to a reference voltage, the second electrical line 6 feeds a first terminal of a load 26 having a second terminal connected to a second polarity (-) of the direct voltage source Vcc through an electrical return line 28.
  • a bypass diode 30 is placed in parallel with the charge 26 between the lines 6 and 28.
  • the bypass diode 30 has the task of preventing inversion of the voltage on the load 26; although the presence of this diode 30 is not essential, it makes the switch-off time of the hybrid switch 1 (seen from the generator, i.e. from the voltage source Vcc) independent from any high inductance of the load 6.
  • the hybrid switch 1 is controlled by an electronic control unit 35, which is suitable to control switching of the static switches 9, 16, 24 and 18 and of the mechanical switch 2.
  • the electronic control unit controls the value of the current Ic that is currently carried by the mechanical switch.
  • the electronic control unit 35 controls closing of said first static switch 9 according to step b) for a time interval T that takes account of three factors, these being:
  • the operations above are not possible as the static switch 9 would not be capable of extinguishing a current above Isoglia without being irreparably damaged; therefore, the operations to open the hybrid switch 1 as controlled by the electronic control unit 35 according to a different operating mode are as follows:
  • the voltage at the end of the first terminal of the capacitor 15 (which when loaded and disconnected has a positive value) is inverted (charge reversal) due to the current coming from the mechanical switch 2 being opened which has the opposite direction to that of the pulse current Ir.
  • the fourth static switch 18 is closed, injecting at the ends of the capacitor 15 a current that re-establishes the positive polarity at the ends of the first terminal thereof.
  • Closing of the fourth static switch 18 allows the direction of the charge to be reversed again, simultaneously minimizing the time to restore the initial charge and the dissipated power.
  • the hybrid switch 1 also provides considerable advantages during the closing operation, in particular if it takes place in the presence of a short circuit (short circuit closing). In this case the closing process of the hybrid switch 1 is as follows:
  • diode 11 has been replaced by the diode bridge 11p constituted by the diodes 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, wherein:
  • the diode bridge (11p) has a first I and a second II terminal connected to the first and to the second contact 2a, 2b of the mechanical switch 2; the first static switch 9 is interposed between third III and fourth IV terminals of the diode bridge 11p.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP07112803A 2006-07-20 2007-07-19 Commutateur hybride Withdrawn EP1881511A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20060539 ITTO20060539A1 (it) 2006-07-20 2006-07-20 Interruttore ibrido

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1881511A1 true EP1881511A1 (fr) 2008-01-23

Family

ID=38543571

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07112803A Withdrawn EP1881511A1 (fr) 2006-07-20 2007-07-19 Commutateur hybride

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1881511A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITTO20060539A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010108565A1 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Disjoncteur pour l'interruption galvanique du courant continu
US9337880B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2016-05-10 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Method and apparatus for overriding a PTT switch to activate a microphone
EP3336872A1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-20 General Electric Technology GmbH Appareil de commutation
DE102023203236B3 (de) 2023-04-06 2024-05-23 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Ansteuerschaltung für einen Hybridschalter und Hybridschalter
GB2625391A (en) * 2022-12-17 2024-06-19 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd A hybrid switching device with compact arrangement and a flexibility of control therefore

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056836A (en) * 1976-03-23 1977-11-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and apparatus for interrupting large current
US4723187A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-02-02 General Electric Company Current commutation circuit
EP0945983A2 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-29 Electric Boat Corporation Procédé et montage disjoncteur d'un circuit à courant continu
GB2375902A (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-11-27 Univ Northumbria Newcastle A hybrid fault current limiting and interrupting device
US20030193770A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-16 Lg Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Hybrid DC electromagnetic contactor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056836A (en) * 1976-03-23 1977-11-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Method and apparatus for interrupting large current
US4723187A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-02-02 General Electric Company Current commutation circuit
EP0945983A2 (fr) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-29 Electric Boat Corporation Procédé et montage disjoncteur d'un circuit à courant continu
GB2375902A (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-11-27 Univ Northumbria Newcastle A hybrid fault current limiting and interrupting device
US20030193770A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-16 Lg Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Hybrid DC electromagnetic contactor

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010108565A1 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Disjoncteur pour l'interruption galvanique du courant continu
CN102349124A (zh) * 2009-03-25 2012-02-08 埃伦贝格尔及珀恩斯根有限公司 用于电切断直流电的断路开关
RU2482565C2 (ru) * 2009-03-25 2013-05-20 Элленбергер Унд Поенсген Гмбх Разъединитель для гальванического прерывания постоянного тока
US8742828B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2014-06-03 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Disconnector switch for galvanic direct current interruption
CN102349124B (zh) * 2009-03-25 2015-01-07 埃伦贝格尔及珀恩斯根有限公司 用于电切断直流电的断路开关
US9337880B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2016-05-10 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Method and apparatus for overriding a PTT switch to activate a microphone
EP3336872A1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-20 General Electric Technology GmbH Appareil de commutation
WO2018108770A1 (fr) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 General Electric Technology Gmbh Appareil de commutation
GB2625391A (en) * 2022-12-17 2024-06-19 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd A hybrid switching device with compact arrangement and a flexibility of control therefore
DE102023203236B3 (de) 2023-04-06 2024-05-23 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Ansteuerschaltung für einen Hybridschalter und Hybridschalter

Also Published As

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