EP1880046B1 - Spinning preparation machine and contactless measuring method - Google Patents
Spinning preparation machine and contactless measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- EP1880046B1 EP1880046B1 EP06721951A EP06721951A EP1880046B1 EP 1880046 B1 EP1880046 B1 EP 1880046B1 EP 06721951 A EP06721951 A EP 06721951A EP 06721951 A EP06721951 A EP 06721951A EP 1880046 B1 EP1880046 B1 EP 1880046B1
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- voltage
- card
- tips
- clothing
- distance
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
- D01G15/02—Carding machines
- D01G15/12—Details
- D01G15/28—Supporting arrangements for carding elements; Arrangements for adjusting relative positions of carding elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spinning preparation machine and a non-contact measuring method according to the preambles of the independent claims.
- Indirect measuring methods are those in which the immediate distance of the opposing clothing tips is not measured.
- An example of this is in the above DE 42 35 610 A1 which discloses a distance measurement of the drum set to a flat bar in which only the sensors are accommodated.
- DE 39 13 996 A1 are provided on the front sides of the fittings sensor, which are associated with the card drum and measure the distance to opposite counterparts on the lid. It is also known to determine the distance between the sliding shoes, which are attached via cover heads to the flat bars, to the flat fitting. From these indirect distance measurements is then closed on the immediate distance of the clothing tips.
- DE100 53 139 A1 discloses a device on a spinning preparation machine, e.g. B. card, cleaner o. The like., For setting distances to trimmings, in which a garnished roller with a garnished counter surface, z. B. lid, cooperates and in which the distance between the garnished areas is changeable.
- a contact between the tips of the set of at least one flat bar and the tips of the drum set by displacement of the flat bars can be produced and released again and the contact can be detected by a device.
- the aforementioned devices and methods have the disadvantage that on the one hand they are expensive and on the other hand often provide averaged distance values only over a larger number of clothing needles or clothing teeth. In addition, a calibration based on a hand measurement is necessary.
- the advantages of the invention are in particular that a direct distance measurement between the tips of relatively moving sets can be performed.
- the clothing tips themselves are used as sensors, also an extremely cost-effective solution is realized.
- the provoked electrical discharges in the form of voltage and / or current discharges make it possible, in particular, to deduce from the potential difference between the clothing tips prevailing during the voltage discharge, how great the distance between the said tips is.
- the frequency and / or the number and / or the type of discharges can be observed and / or evaluated.
- such direct distance measurements can also be realized in the smallest distance ranges, in particular between 0 and 0.5 mm.
- the invention allows individual distance measurements between each lid to the drum set and / or between certain zones of the flat set to the drum set, as will be explained later.
- the invention offers the advantage that measurements can be performed regardless of material properties, humidity and temperature, if these effects are averaged out.
- an evaluation unit which evaluates the inventive distance determination between clothing tips on the basis of the aforementioned parameters (frequency, number, type of discharges and evaluation of the electrical parameters in electrical discharge).
- a computer-aided evaluation provides fast and precise values for improved adjustment of the Clothing tips to each other, which increases the performance of the machine.
- the evaluation unit evaluates the measured values and gives the operator - for example on a machine display - instructions on how he has to change the distance between the sets.
- the operator can alternatively or additionally be issued information about the current state of wear of the trimmings and / or about the inclination angle (tightening angle) of the flat clothing over the drum, as will be explained later.
- the voltage value is registered immediately before a voltage discharge from a voltage measuring device.
- This voltage value is in direct functional relationship to the smallest distance of the opposing clothing tips in the voltage discharge, so that a precise determination of this distance is possible.
- the voltage source is designed as a pulse generator which is capable of generating a variable voltage, for example a sawtooth-shaped voltage or a DC voltage with sawtooth-shaped tips.
- the constant component i. the DC voltage
- the maximum tension preferably corresponds at least to the largest expected clothing spacing.
- the breakdown is expediently caused in each case during the voltage increase in order to pick up the currently prevailing voltage during the voltage discharge and to evaluate the spacing of the clothing tips.
- the machine according to the invention has an additional pair of electrodes, between which voltage or spark discharges are provoked.
- This electrode pair serves as a reference measuring unit, wherein the distance of the two electrode tips is known. This distance can be changed defined according to a preferred embodiment, whereby here, too, the new distance of the electrode tips must be known.
- the additional electrode pair preferably has a similar surface geometry as the trimmings. Due to the known distance between the reference electrodes and the comparable surface geometry, influences of the surface geometry on the measured values of the voltage discharges between the sets can be reduced by means of the evaluation unit. This procedure thus increases the accuracy of the distance calculation between the clothing tips.
- the additional reference electrode pair may alternatively or, preferably, be used in addition to calculate the influences of the micro-operating environment and / or the set geometries on the electrical discharge measurements between the sets.
- the reference electrodes are to be placed in the same micro-operating climate as the sets.
- the term "micro-operating climate” is to be understood in particular as the air temperature, the air humidity, the air velocity, the presence of ionizing particles and / or residual ionizations.
- the geometry of the clothing should be understood to mean the values of the point angles of the clothing and the values of the peak radii. The The aforementioned parameters have an influence on the corona effect and thus on the magnitude of the discharge voltage.
- the additional electrode pair is arranged outside the carding area of the spinning preparation machine designed as a carding machine in order not to influence the carding process or to reduce its efficiency. It has also proved to be advantageous if the additional pair of electrodes is arranged in a space in which substantially no fibers can penetrate during operation of the spinning preparation machine, so that these no fiber-related breakdowns or other influence on the measurement results with the reference electrodes including a flight of the measuring space can cause. Further, when passing through the measuring space an air stream containing substantially no fibers and originating from the carding area, the micro-operating climate in the measuring space is substantially identical to that between the two sets.
- a user may additionally or alternatively perform optical control of the spark discharges provided they are bright enough to observe them more closely. For this purpose, for example, provide a visible gap through which the gap between the trimmings can be observed.
- one set is designed as a flat set of a card and the other set as an associated drum set. Especially the distance between these two sets is relevant for the carding result, so that an optimal setting is of great advantage. Since virtually all the clothing tips involved in the carding process can be used as sensors, an extremely precise distance determination and thus distance adjustment is possible.
- the method according to the invention is advantageously applicable, since due to the movements of the components involved and the carding the risk of a rapid change in distance exists and thus by adjusting the sets to each other can be reacted quickly.
- each lid comes into electrical contact during its movement.
- each short sliding contacts or brushes are provided at the measuring points, which detect only a single cover.
- the advantage lies in the possibility of monitoring individual lids, for example, to determine any damage and / or the individual clothing wear.
- the traveling lid is measured over a larger, possibly even over the entire, the drum opposite running area.
- a long sliding contact or a long grinding brush which extends over the entire raceway of the revolving cover.
- An electrical insulation between the two sets is advantageously designed such that the flat bars rest on the front side on two sliding arcs, said sliding arches are made of electrically non-conductive plastic or provided with such a plastic layer.
- Such bends are preferably flexible bows on which the lid heads of the flat bars are guided while passing on the drum set. This electrical insulation ensures the voltage discharge between the clothing tips.
- a high accuracy of the distance detection can be obtained when the potential differences for the voltage discharge between the sets over the entire carding width are generated.
- the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention thus make possible a large-area sensor which covers a substantially larger measuring area than the known sensors. If a spark discharge is triggered on this surface, the operator receives an indication of the smallest available distance of all opposing clothing tips and can react accordingly.
- the above-described sliding contact on the flat bar usually has electrical contact with all clothing tips due to the Garniturnadelanbringung the clothing strip. Therefore, in this case, the exact location of the spark discharge can not be located. In contrast, a spatially resolved measurement provides more precise statements.
- at least one at least partially electrically conductive surface element may be provided, which has electrical contact with the clothing tips facing away from the clothing ends. With spark discharges thus current flows from the clothing tips over the Contact the trimmings with the electrically conductive surface element to the voltage source to close the circuit.
- This at least one electrically conductive surface element can be localized, for example, at locations of the clothing strip which are known to be relevant on the flat rod.
- the at least one surface element has a plurality of electrically isolated guide zones distributed on the surface element. It is advisable to distribute these guide zones over the length and / or across the width of the associated clothing strip in order to make special location statements about the voltage discharges and thus about the smallest distance between the associated clothing tips in the respective sections. About appropriate taps and signal lines, these control zones are each connected to the voltage source and the voltage measuring device, which is at voltage discharges, the evaluation unit due to the different circuits capable of distinguishing the control zones from each other.
- the condition of the tips in the various carding zones can be assessed.
- the state of the flexible sheet can be assessed on the basis of signals of such electrical taps, which are assigned to different carding zones of the cover, when these carding zones are arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation.
- the trimmings are moved relative to each other, advantageously a voltage having a repeat sequence of a plurality of successive rising and falling edges is used.
- the repetition sequence is set to the maximum expected relative speed between the clothing tips and to the largest expected clothing peak density.
- a maximum distance-related potential difference produced between the clothing tips is adjustable, which exceeds the dielectric strength of the air (about 3 200 V / mm) and, depending on the desired measurement range, lies in the range between 1000 and 10 000 V. It has proven to be advantageous if this range is adjustable between 2,000 and 5,000 V, and preferably between 2,500 and 3,500 V. At a carding gap of about 0.4 mm, the calculated breakdown voltage is about 1 280 V.
- the discharge energy at spark discharge should amount to less than 10 mJ, otherwise there would be a fire and electric shock hazard. Also, the clothing tips would be worn by electroerosion over masses. Preferably, the discharge energy is even less than 5 mJ and preferably less than 1 mJ. With these discharge energies, there is no danger to the operator if he accidentally short circuits the circuit with his body.
- a further development of the method according to the invention is characterized in that statistical calculations are carried out by the evaluation unit in order to eliminate the effects of fibers in the clothing gap on the measurement results.
- the statistical evaluation provides measured values for spark discharge in fiber-free air, which contain an accurate statement about the actual clothing tip spacing.
- it is alternatively or additionally possible to perform measurements without the presence of fibers in order to make such or similar statements.
- the clothing tip spacing determined by the method according to the invention can be used to automatically optimally adjust the distance.
- corresponding adjustment means are provided which set the clothing spacing on the basis of the arithmetic evaluation and / or the optical control on the part of the operator.
- the evaluation unit after determining the clothing spacing control commands to the adjustment.
- These adjustment means are, for example, actuators, which act on the curve of the flexible bend around the sliding blocks of the flat bars raise or lower, so as to increase the clothing tip distance or to reduce.
- a successive adjustment of the two flat-top end faces be carried out.
- the distance is initially reduced on the first side such that a desired distance value ⁇ is set on the basis of the registered and / or observed spark discharges. Under certain circumstances, this can be controlled by means of the conventional techniques of the measuring rods to be introduced into the carding nip.
- the lid is now parallel to the drum. This procedure ensures a substantially equal distance over the entire carding width of the flat bar.
- the discharge voltage is used as a collision warning when falling below a predetermined distance of the clothing tips. If the tips are very close to each other, the discharge voltage is correspondingly low, so that in particular when falling below a predetermined discharge voltage, a collision indication by means of a corresponding signal apparatus, z. B. acoustically and / or visually, and / or a suitable measure is taken to prevent the Kolission.
- FIG. 1 a known carding machine 1 is shown, wherein flakes F are fed from a hopper 2 to a feed roller 3 and a subsequent brush cutter 4.
- the carding machine 1 comprises a single drum 5 (master cylinder or so-called drum), which is rotatably supported in a frame.
- the drum 5 works in a known manner with a traveling lid assembly 6, a fiber feeding system 7, which in particular includes the feed roller 3 and the breeze 4, and a fiber pickup 8 together, the latter in particular has a so-called.
- Carding elements 10 can be arranged in the front, rear and lower carding zones of the carding machine 1. Between the revolving lid arrangement 6 and the carding elements 10, fiber guiding elements not shown in detail are arranged, which will be discussed in more detail later.
- the fiber-receiving system 8 conveys the sliver FB to a schematically indicated sliver storage 11.
- a plurality of flat bars 13 is provided, wherein in the FIG. 1 only individual bars 13 are shown schematically.
- traveling lid assemblies 6 include closely spaced a plurality of flat bars 13 that rotate.
- the flat bars 13 in the vicinity of their respective end faces of endless belts 18 (see FIG. 3 ) and moved against the direction of rotation of the drum 5 and passed on the underside of the traveling lid assembly 6 to the drum 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a flat bar 13 viewed from the front side.
- a central portion 14 of the flat bar 13 is formed as a hollow profile.
- a central web 15 is provided to increase the stability of the flat bar 13.
- On the underside of the central portion 14 is a clothing strip 20 with a flat clothing 21, consisting from a multiplicity of clothing needles, fastened by means of clips or clamps 16.
- the flat bar 13 is guided in the direction of movement D on a provided with a drum set 25 outer surface of a drum 5, which rotates in the direction T.
- the drum assembly 25 has a plurality of schematically illustrated clothing tips which are circumferentially distributed over the drum surface.
- FIG. 3 shows the flat bar the FIG. 2 in a broken longitudinal view. He has at its two end faces in each case a lid head 17, which is inserted into the lower hollow portion of the flat bar 13. Each lid head 17 is provided on its underside with a sliding shoe 19 which rests on the two respective end face of the flat bar 13 arranged flexible sheet 12 to form a sliding surface G and slides along these flexible sheets 12. In the lid heads 17 also engage the upper side, the two endless belts 18 a. For clarity, the brackets 16 in the FIG. 3 not shown.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the spark generation and the measurement of the discharge voltage.
- a voltage generator 41 is connected via a line to a stationary sliding contact 42.
- the sliding contact 42 comes successively into electrical contact with the upper side of the respective, surrounding flat bars 13, which are guided past the sliding contact 42 in the working direction D.
- the already mentioned clothing strip 20 is provided, in which the clothing 21 is inserted in the form of clothing needles.
- the clothing needles penetrate the clothing strip 20, wherein the ends of the needles facing away from the clothing tips rest on the underside of the flat rod 13 with electrical contact formation.
- the flat bar 13 is electrically insulated from the two flexible sheets 12; the flexible bows are for this purpose made for example of plastic.
- the voltage generator 41 is further connected via a line with a stationary sliding contact 43, which rests against the drive shaft 5 a of the only partially illustrated drum 5. About the drum shaft 5a and the walls of the drum 5, the generator 41 is electrically connected to the drum set 25.
- a spark discharge can be generated from the tips 22 of the flat clothing 21 to the tips 26 of the drum assembly 25, which bridges the carding gap 6 between the tips 22, 26 and causes a short circuit in the circuit.
- the discharge voltage is measured by a parallel to the transformer 41 connected voltmeter 49 and transmitted to an evaluation unit 50.
- the evaluation unit 50 calculates, by means of a stored algorithm, the instantaneous distance ⁇ (carding gap) between the clothing tips 22, 26 which exists during the voltage or spark discharge.
- this distance can be displayed, for example. If the carding gap ⁇ is too small, which causes a fear of a collision of the tips 22, 26, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal can be output via a signal device 53. Alternatively and / or additionally, the traveling lid arrangement 6 and / or the drum 5 stopped. Likewise, it may be provided that the evaluation unit 50, which may be designed as a microcomputer, outputs a control command to an actuator 51, which re-sets the flexible bend, which in turn affects the distance ⁇ of the tips 22, 26 (see also FIG. 3 ).
- the carding nip ⁇ can be viewed from the side of the machine, so that an operator can also optically control the generation of spark and possibly use it for manually setting the carding gap ⁇ by means of the flexible bends 12.
- FIG. 5 a simple measuring arrangement for generating the sparks and measuring the discharge voltage is shown.
- a high voltage source 101 charges a capacitor 103 via a variable resistor 102, the magnitude of the set resistance determining the discharge frequency and the capacitance of the capacitor 103 determining the discharge energy.
- the high voltage source 101 is connected to the clothing 21 via a stationary sliding contact 42.
- a stationary sliding contact 43 which rests against the drive shaft 29 of the only partially illustrated drum 5, is grounded.
- the capacitor 103 discharges, wherein the discharge voltage is measured by a voltage measuring arrangement 104, which has a high-impedance input.
- FIG. 6 is the time course of the voltage applied to the tips 22 voltage shown (more precisely, the potential difference between the tips 22, 26), in which case a repetition sequence is selected from a plurality of successive rising and falling edges in the form of a sawtooth. This increases linearly from zero to the voltage U max , and then abruptly drops to zero. In this area A, in which no spark discharges occur, the actual distance ⁇ A (measuring distance) of the clothing tips 22, 26 is greater than the maximum measurable carding gap ⁇ MAX .
- the measuring distance ⁇ B is between 0 and ⁇ MAX , so that spark discharges occur at a breakdown voltage of U E , ie the potential difference between the clothing tips 22, 26 is so great that a Spark discharge occurs, a short circuit occurs and therefore the voltage drops quickly to zero, then to rise again linearly according to the predetermined voltage curve.
- the frequency of the sawtooth voltage is set so that it always - even at large instantaneous relative speeds between flat set 21 and drum set 25 - detects all possible peak and thus discharge positions.
- the discharge voltage U E for subsequent electrical discharges (spark discharges) is substantially the same, provided that the distances to be measured are also identical.
- the measuring distance ⁇ C is smaller than ⁇ B , so that the breakdown voltage U E , is smaller than the breakdown voltage U E in the region B. Therefore, the frequency of breakdowns or the occurrence of spark discharges in the region C is greater than in Area B.
- a measuring arrangement is shown, with which a measurable plasma current is generated.
- a voltage source 201 for generating a low voltage to a voltage regulator 202 is connected to the controllable input of the output of a switching unit 203 is connected.
- the output of the voltage regulator 202 is connected to the input of a first Kommutationsblocks 204, whose other input is fed by a pulse shaper 207.
- a second commutation block 205 also receives corresponding signals from the pulse shaper 207.
- the second commutation block 205 is further connected to a signal shaper 206, which outputs a sawtooth-shaped voltage.
- the respective output of the two commutation blocks 204, 205 is connected to a measuring resistor 208, which is connected between two inputs of the mentioned switching unit 203.
- a measuring channel 209 is connected to one of these two inputs, with which the height of the low or low voltage for the maintenance of the plasma flow is measured.
- a third input of the switching unit 203 is the voltage tap of an adjustable resistor 210, with which the desired plasma current is adjusted.
- the operation of the circuit arrangement according to the FIG. 7 is as follows:
- the two Kommutationsblöcke 204, 205 are controlled by the pulse shaper 207 alternately. If the commutation block 205 in the in FIG. 7 illustrated position is the sawtooth voltage from the signal shaper 206 between the sets of flat bar 13 and drum 5 at. If breakdown occurs, the voltage breaks, which is registered by the switching unit 203. This gives a signal to the pulse shaper 207, which now switches the two Kommutationsblöcke 204, 205 in the other switching state. Now the voltage from the voltage regulator 202 is applied to the measuring resistor 208 and is registered by the measuring channel 209. The magnitude of this voltage (the voltage for maintaining the plasma current across the clothing gap .delta.) Is determined by the switching unit 203, which processes the setpoint plasma current set at the resistor 210 for this purpose.
- FIG. 8 a voltage-time diagram and a current-time diagram for the case of plasma generation for Kardierspaltbeées is reproduced.
- a sawtooth-shaped voltage U is applied.
- the areas A and D correspond to those in the FIG. 6 .
- spark discharges are generated with the discharge current I E, B or I E , V caused.
- the voltage is then adjusted in such a way to a voltage value U P, B or U P, C , that in each case a substantially constant plasma current I P flows.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 an embodiment is shown, by means of which reference measurements can be made.
- a reference electrode pair 71, 75 is mounted within a fiber guiding element 60, which thus has a double function.
- the fiber guiding element 60 is located between the traveling lid arrangement 6 and a carding element 10 (both not shown here, but see FIG FIG. 1 ).
- a narrowing drum in the direction of rotation gap 61 is provided to compress the entrained by the drum 5 air L (dashed dotted line). This is followed in the flow direction of the air L an opening 62, through which the air L penetrates into the interior of the Faserleitelements 60.
- this opening 62 prevent fibers from entering the interior of the fiber guiding element 60.
- the substantially fiber-free air in the housing of the fiber guiding element 60 continues to circulate through a downstream opening 63 on the underside of the fiber guiding element 60, wherein an additional dynamic negative pressure, which arises in the widening, subsequent column 64, supports the air flow movement.
- the openings 62 and 63 can successively in a line or offset (see the supervision according to the FIG. 10 ) can be arranged.
- a closed space is defined by walls 65 and the removable cover 66 (shown in FIG. 9, in FIG. 10 decreased).
- the reference electrode pair on the one hand a fixed electrode 71 which is arranged on an insulator 72 and an electrode tip 73 made of a platinum alloy, and on the other hand by hand at a distance from the electrode 71 adjustable electrode 75 with an electrode tip 76th also comprising a platinum alloy.
- the electrode 75 is pivotally attached to a leg 79. The said distance is set by a leg 79 passing through the adjusting screw 77, which acts on the acted upon by a spring 78, pivotable electrode 75.
- the electrode 75 is z. Example, electrically to the ground and the electrode 71 by means of a guided through an insulator 67 in the cover 66 cable 68 to a measuring unit or a voltmeter 49 (s. FIG. 4 ) connected.
- the electrode tips 73 and 76 have the main geometry features of the tips 26 of the drum set 25 (radius R 1 , angle ⁇ 1 ) and the tips 22 of the flat clothing 21 (radius R 2 , angle ⁇ 2. ). These geometric properties have a direct effect on the corona effect and thus allow comparable results between the reference discharges between the electrodes 71, 75 on the one hand and the Me touchtladept between the tips of the flat clothing 21 and the drum set 25 on the other.
- ⁇ v ⁇ comparison
- the known distance between the reference electrodes 71, 75 and the comparable surface geometry of the reference electrodes 71, 75 is used.
- the term "micro-operating climate” is to be understood in particular as the air temperature, the air humidity, the air velocity, the presence of ionizing particles and / or residual ionizations.
- Under Design geometries are to be understood in particular the values of the point angles of the sets 21, 25 and the values of the tip radii.
- FIG. 11 is an example of an electromechanical solution for adjusting the distance of the reference electrode pair 71, 75 reproduced.
- an electric motor 177 acts on the electrode 75.
- the distance ⁇ V can also be adjusted during the carding operation to a new set desired spacing by the motor 177 is driven by a controller, not shown.
- the distance between the reference electrodes 71, 75 is adjusted by means of piezoelectric components.
- two piezoelectric, equal sized actuators 81 and 82 are arranged on the electrically non-conductive support plate 80.
- the thermal expansion of the two actuators 81, 82 is compensated. If the two piezo actuators 81, 82 are subjected to the same control voltage in a parallel circuit with a reverse polarity, the distance ⁇ V of the two electrodes 71, 75 from each other during production to a new set desired spacing can be adjusted.
- FIG. 13 Another embodiment of the invention is shown to measure the discharge voltage U E.
- the flat bar 13 serves as a conductor, but between flat bar 13 and clothing strip 20 arranged surface element 30 which is at least partially formed electrically conductive on its underside, but has no electrical contact with the flat bar 13 at the top.
- surface element 30 and clothing strips 20 shown in exploded view. When used in the machine these elements abut each other and are by means of brackets 16 (see FIG. 2 ) held together.
- FIG. 14 a portion of a clothing strip 20 is shown from the side through which the clothing needles of the clothing 21 are pushed from above.
- the clothing strip 20 is usually made of a textile or leather material.
- the rear legs 23 of the clothing needles 21 bear against electrically conductive sections, the conductive zones 34 designated here as such, so that current can flow from the tips 22 of the clothing 21 to the conductive zones 34: the conductive zones 34 are embedded in the planar element 30, imprinted, glued or otherwise provided on the surface element 30.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show two different embodiments of surface elements 30 and 30 'from the bottom.
- the embodiment of the FIG. 15 has three guide zones 31, 34, 37, which are arranged electrically isolated from one another in the longitudinal direction of the surface element 30. These guide zones 31, 34, 37 are connected via signal lines 32, 35, 38 with contacts 33, 36, 39 at the end faces of the surface element 30, which correspond to stationary, opposite sliding contacts. Each of these contacts 33, 36, 39 is connected to the voltmeter 49 (s. FIG. 4 ) to spatially resolved to detect the voltage discharges in the region of the respective guide zones 31, 34 and 37, respectively. This makes it possible, for example, to make statements about the state of the tips in the carding zones assigned to the various guiding zones.
- the embodiment according to the FIG. 16 also offers the possibility of a spatially resolved measurement across the width of the surface element 30 and thus the clothing strip 20.
- six guide zones are provided, with two guide zones 31 'and 34' and 37 'in the direction of movement of the flat bar 13 next to each other.
- These paired guide zones 31 ', 34' and 37 ' are - as in the embodiment according to the FIG. 15 - Distributed over the length of the surface element 30 '.
- This arrangement makes it possible to measure the voltage discharges in six different areas in a spatially resolved manner.
- the arrangement of the lines 32 ', 35', 38 'and the contacts 33', 36 ', 39' at the end faces of the surface element 30 ' correspond to those of FIG. 15 , By the Arrangement according to FIG. 16 if necessary, an assessment of the state of the flexible sheet 12 (s. FIGS. 1 . 3 . 19 ) possible.
- the frequency and / or the number and / or the type of discharges for the evaluation; the necessary counting or measuring devices are not shown in detail. For example, based on a statistical evaluation of the signals can be closed to the conditions in the carding, for example, on the fiber assignment. If necessary, this information can also be used to more accurately determine the clothing tip spacing ⁇ and / or the wear state of the clothings in different carding areas.
- FIG. 17 an embodiment of the invention is shown to realize individual distance measurements between individual flat clothings 21 and the drum set 25.
- FIG. 17 provided three stationary measuring points for measuring the discharge voltages, via the flexible sheet 12 (s. FIG. 1 ) are distributed and at each of which a sliding contact 44, 45, 46 with the respective just transported over the flat bar 13.
- Each sliding contact detects only one flat bar 13.
- Each successive flat bars 13 are in the region of the sliding contact 44 with i-1, i, i + 1, in the region of the sliding contact 45 with j-1, j, j + 1 and in the region of Sliding contacts 46 with k-1, k, k + 1 called.
- the sliding contacts 44, 45, 46 of the three measuring points are connected via connecting lines to independent measuring channels, which are designated here by Roman numerals I, II and III and part of a measuring and evaluation unit 50. Alternatively, only one measuring channel is present, which commutatively processes the signals from the sliding contacts 44, 45, 46.
- the sliding contacts 44, 45, 46 are - as based on the FIGS. 4 . 5 . 7 already explained - connected to voltage sources not shown here.
- the execution according to the FIG. 17 also has two further measuring points 47, 48.
- this is a non-contact detection (eg, inductive, optical, ultrasound, etc.) on the top of the revolving lid assembly 6 (measuring point 47), with a with "1" marked flat bar 13 is detected from the total number n of the flat bars by means of a sensor 91, which allows an assignment of the measured distances to the respective flat bars i, j, k.
- a non-contact detection eg, inductive, optical, ultrasound, etc.
- the further measuring point 48 with a non-contact measuring sensor 92 is provided in the region of the axis of rotation of the drum 5 and reports the instantaneous angular position of the drum 5 on the basis of a cam 5a placed on the axis 5b to the geometric inaccuracies of the drum outer surface (such as roundness error) from the using the measuring channels I, II and III to calculate distance measurements.
- the distance ⁇ of the respective flat clothing 21 of each flat bar 13 from the drum set 25 can be determined with the aid of the voltage measured values (see FIG. FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 ) be determined.
- FIG. 18 these detected values are shown in more detail, wherein on the y-axis for each flat bar k, k + 1, k + 2, ..., j, j + 1, j + 2, ..., i, i + 1, i + 2, ... the measured carding gap ⁇ is plotted as a function of time for the three measurement channels I, II and III.
- the degree of wear of each individual flat garniture 21 or any damage thereto can also be determined. Also, in this way the tightening angle or inclination angle of the flat clothing 21 relative to the drum 5 (s. FIG. 2 ) are measured.
- FIG. 19 a further embodiment is shown, in which case over almost the entire carding area, ie here over a measuring range with an angle ⁇ , the course of the carding gap ⁇ is measured by means of the measurements of the discharge voltages. At least one long sliding contact 144 stretches over this measuring range ⁇ , which comes into electrical contact along the upper side of a specially prepared reference flat bar 13 along the latter. Thus, the carding gap 6 can be measured over the entire path of this flat bar 13.
- a spatial resolution of the Kardierspalt lies across the width of this flat bar 13, that is provided transversely to its direction of rotation.
- a respective sliding contact provided, for this purpose, for example, a surface element 30 with three distributed over the width of guide zones 31, 34, 37 corresponding to FIG. 15 can be provided.
- the contacting of these conductive zones can be realized for example via three adjacent sliding contacts, wherein in the FIG. 19 only such a sliding contact 144 is shown; are accordingly in the FIG. 19 However, three connecting lines are shown leading to a "measuring channel left", a "measuring channel center” or a "measuring channel right". Again, a commutating measuring channel can alternatively be provided.
- the measuring points 47 and 48 with their sensors 91 and 92 correspond to those of FIG. 17 ,
- the size of the carding gap 6 is plotted over the measuring range ⁇ for the three measuring channels.
- These hypothetical curves would give a user of the card hints in which areas of the measuring range ⁇ of the carding nip ⁇ should be readjusted, in particular by replacing flat bars 13 and / or by readjustment of the flexible sheet 12 (s. FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
- the present invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments.
- the distance measurement between the clothing tips 22, 26 of flat clothing 21 and sawtooth assembly 25 of a carding drum 5 has been described.
- the described measuring principle is also for distance measurement between the shege leopardgarnituren the drum 5 and a breeze (see FIG. 1 ) transferable.
- others are Possibilities for electrical contact formation possible, for example drum side by tapping on an annular flange of the drum 5 instead of the drum shaft.
- a stationary busbar can be arranged at least on one end face, which is in sliding contact with the flat bar (in the embodiment according to FIGS FIG. 4 ) or with the contacts 33, 36, 39 and 33 ', 36' and 39 '(in the embodiments according to the FIGS. 15, 16 ) come.
- sliding contacts instead of sliding contacts other voltage taps can also be used.
- spark discharge was used in the preceding, it also includes voltage discharges that are barely or not visible to the naked eye.
- the invention therefore relates to a spinning preparation machine, e.g. Carding, carding, cleaning or the like.
- the tips (22, 26) of the trimmings are in this case made electrically conductive
- a voltage source (41, 101, 201, 206) is connected to tips of at least one of the trimmings, and electrical voltages can be generated by applying a variable potential difference between the tips of the two trimmings ,
- These give an indication of the current distance ( ⁇ ) and / or the distance to be set between the clothing tips and / or the degree of wear of at least one of the trimmings and / or the positioning of one clothing to the other clothing, in particular their inclination angle ( ⁇ ) to each other.
- the invention relates to a corresponding non-contact measuring method.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie ein berührungsloses Messverfahren gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to a spinning preparation machine and a non-contact measuring method according to the preambles of the independent claims.
Es sind verschiedene berührungslose Messverfahren und entsprechende Vorrichtungen zum Ermitteln des Abstandes von Garniturspitzen bekannt. So ist beispielsweise in der
Indirekte Messmethoden sind solche, bei denen nicht der unmittelbare Abstand der sich gegenüberliegenden Garniturspitzen gemessen wird. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist in der oben genannten
Die vorgenannten Vorrichtungen und Verfahren haben den Nachteil, dass sie einerseits aufwendig sind und andererseits oftmals nur über eine grössere Anzahl von Garniturnadeln oder Garniturzähnen gemittelte Abstandwerte liefern. Zusätzlich ist eine Eichung basierend auf einer Handmessung notwendig.The aforementioned devices and methods have the disadvantage that on the one hand they are expensive and on the other hand often provide averaged distance values only over a larger number of clothing needles or clothing teeth. In addition, a calibration based on a hand measurement is necessary.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein kostengünstiges und präzises Messverfahren sowie eine entsprechende Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine zur berührungslosen Messung und/oder Einstellung des Abstandes zweier sich gegenüberliegenden Garnituren und/oder deren Abnutzung und/oder der Messung deren räumlicher Lage zueinander vorzuschlagen.It is an object of the present invention to propose a cost-effective and precise measuring method and a corresponding spinning preparation machine for non-contact measurement and / or adjustment of the distance between two opposing trimmings and / or their wear and / or the measurement of their spatial position to each other.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei der Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine bzw. dem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved in the spinning preparation machine or the method of the type mentioned by the features of the independent claims.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen insbesondere darin, dass eine direkte Abstandsmessung zwischen den Spitzen von relativ zueinander bewegten Garnituren durchgeführt werden kann. Indem die Garniturspitzen selbst als Sensoren herangezogen werden, ist zudem eine äusserst kostengünstige Lösung realisiert. Durch die provozierten elektrischen Entladungen in Form von Spannungs- und/oder Stromentladungen kann insbesondere aus der bei der Spannungsentladung herrschenden Potentialdifferenz zwischen den Garniturspitzen geschlossen werden, wie gross der Abstand zwischen den besagten Spitzen ist. Hierbei können auch die Häufigkeit und/oder die Anzahl und/oder die Art der Entladungen beobachtet und/oder ausgewertet werden. Mittels des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens lassen sich derartige direkte Abstandsmessungen auch in kleinsten Abstandsbereichen, insbesondere zwischen 0 und 0,5 mm realisieren. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Erfindung individuelle Abstandmessungen zwischen jeder einzelnen Deckel- zur Trommelgarnitur und/oder zwischen bestimmte Zonen der Deckelgarnitur zur Trommelgarnitur, wie später erläutert wird. Zudem bietet die Erfindung den Vorteil, dass Messungen unabhängig von Materialeigenschaften, Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur durchgeführt werden können, wenn diese Effekte herausgemittelt werden.The advantages of the invention are in particular that a direct distance measurement between the tips of relatively moving sets can be performed. By the clothing tips themselves are used as sensors, also an extremely cost-effective solution is realized. The provoked electrical discharges in the form of voltage and / or current discharges make it possible, in particular, to deduce from the potential difference between the clothing tips prevailing during the voltage discharge, how great the distance between the said tips is. Here, the frequency and / or the number and / or the type of discharges can be observed and / or evaluated. By means of the method according to the invention, such direct distance measurements can also be realized in the smallest distance ranges, in particular between 0 and 0.5 mm. In addition, the invention allows individual distance measurements between each lid to the drum set and / or between certain zones of the flat set to the drum set, as will be explained later. In addition, the invention offers the advantage that measurements can be performed regardless of material properties, humidity and temperature, if these effects are averaged out.
Vorzugsweise ist eine Auswerteeinheit vorgesehen, welche die erfindungsgemässe Abstandsermittlung zwischen Garniturspitzen auf Grundlage der vorgenannten Parameter (Häufigkeit, Anzahl, Art der Entladungen sowie Auswertung der elektrischen Parameter bei elektrischer Entladung) auswertet. Eine derartige rechnergestützte Auswertung liefert schnell und präzise Werte zur verbesserten Einstellung der Garniturspitzen zueinander, was die Leistungsfähigkeit der Maschine erhöht. Vorzugsweise wertet die Auswerteeinheit die Messwerte aus und gibt dem Bediener - beispielsweise auf einem Maschinendisplay - Hinweise, wie er den Abstand zwischen den Garnituren zu verändern hat. Auch können dem Bediener alternativ oder zusätzlich Hinweise über den momentanen Abnutzungszustand der Garnituren und/oder über den Neigungswinkel (Anzugswinkel) der Deckelgarnitur gegenüber der Trommel ausgegeben werden, wie später zu erläutern sein wird.Preferably, an evaluation unit is provided, which evaluates the inventive distance determination between clothing tips on the basis of the aforementioned parameters (frequency, number, type of discharges and evaluation of the electrical parameters in electrical discharge). Such a computer-aided evaluation provides fast and precise values for improved adjustment of the Clothing tips to each other, which increases the performance of the machine. Preferably, the evaluation unit evaluates the measured values and gives the operator - for example on a machine display - instructions on how he has to change the distance between the sets. Also, the operator can alternatively or additionally be issued information about the current state of wear of the trimmings and / or about the inclination angle (tightening angle) of the flat clothing over the drum, as will be explained later.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird der Spannungswert unmittelbar vor einer Spannungsentladung von einem Spannungsmessgerät registriert. Dieser Spannungswert steht in direktem funktionellem Zusammenhang zum geringsten Abstand der sich gegenüberliegenden Garniturspitzen bei der Spannungsentladung, so dass eine präzise Ermittlung dieses Abstandes möglich ist.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the voltage value is registered immediately before a voltage discharge from a voltage measuring device. This voltage value is in direct functional relationship to the smallest distance of the opposing clothing tips in the voltage discharge, so that a precise determination of this distance is possible.
Eine präzise Ermittlung der Durchschlagspannung bzw. der Spannung bei Spannungsentladungen ist möglich, wenn die Spannungsquelle als Impulsgenerator ausgebildet ist, der eine veränderbare Spannung, beispielsweise eine sägezahnförmige Spannung oder eine Gleichspannung mit sägezahnförmigen Spitzen, zu erzeugen vermag. In dem letztgenannten Fall entspricht die konstante Komponente, d.h. die Gleichspannung, zweckmässigerweise dem kleinsten zulässigen Abstand zwischen den Garniturspitzen. Die maximale Spannung entspricht vorzugsweise mindestens dem grössten zu erwartenden Garniturabstand. Der Durchschlag wird zweckmässigerweise jeweils während des Spannungsanstiegs hervorgerufen, um bei der Spannungsentladung die momentan vorherrschende Spannung abzugreifen und hinsichtlich des Abstandes der Garniturspitzen auszuwerten.A precise determination of the breakdown voltage or the voltage during voltage discharges is possible if the voltage source is designed as a pulse generator which is capable of generating a variable voltage, for example a sawtooth-shaped voltage or a DC voltage with sawtooth-shaped tips. In the latter case, the constant component, i. the DC voltage, expediently the smallest permissible distance between the clothing tips. The maximum tension preferably corresponds at least to the largest expected clothing spacing. The breakdown is expediently caused in each case during the voltage increase in order to pick up the currently prevailing voltage during the voltage discharge and to evaluate the spacing of the clothing tips.
Die Anwesenheit von Fasern in dem Garniturenzwischenraum kann aufgrund der vorhandenen Restfeuchtigkeit zu vorzeitigen Hochspannungsentladungen führen, welche die Messergebnisse verfälschen können. Um solche Einflüsse zu umgehen, kann vorzugsweise im Anschluss an eine Spannungsentladung durch Anlegen einer geeigneten Potentialdifferenz im Tiefspannungsbereich für eine kurze Zeit eine Plasmaentladung mit einem Plasmastromfluss zwischen den Garniturspitzen hervorgerufen werden. Dieses Phänomen kann ausgenutzt werden, indem die Spannung ermittelt wird, die zur Aufrechterhaltung des Plasmastroms (gemäss der Terminologie der Erfindung ebenfalls unter den Begriff "elektrische Entladung" fallend) benötigt wird. Diese Spannung wird auch Plasmalöschspannung genannt. Der kleinste Abstand zwischen den Garniturspitzen ist eine Funktion dieser Löschspannung und des Plasmastroms und somit auch durch rechnerische Auswertung einfach ermittelbar. Die im Tiefspannungsbereich liegende o.g. Potentialdifferenz ist abhängig von dem Garniturspitzenabstand und wird durch die Restfeuchtigkeit der Fasern nicht beeinflusst.The presence of fibers in the clothing gap can lead to premature high-voltage discharges due to the residual moisture present, which can falsify the measurement results. In order to avoid such influences, preferably after a voltage discharge by applying a suitable potential difference in the low-voltage region for a short time, a plasma discharge with a plasma current flow between the clothing tips be caused. This phenomenon can be exploited by determining the voltage needed to maintain the plasma current (also falling within the terminology of the invention under the term "electrical discharge"). This voltage is also called plasma extinction voltage. The smallest distance between the clothing tips is a function of this erase voltage and the plasma current and thus easily determined by computational evaluation. The above-mentioned potential difference in the low-voltage region is dependent on the clothing tip spacing and is not influenced by the residual moisture of the fibers.
Besonders bevorzugt weist die erfindungsgemässe Maschine ein zusätzliches Elektrodenpaar auf, zwischen denen Spannungs- bzw. Funkenentladungen provoziert werden. Dieses Elektrodenpaar dient als Referenzmesseinheit, wobei der Abstand der beiden Elektrodenspitzen bekannt ist. Dieser Abstand lässt sich gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform definiert verändern, wobei auch hier der neue Abstand der Elektrodenspitzen bekannt sein muss. Das zusätzliche Elektrodenpaar weist bevorzugt eine ähnliche Oberflächengeometrie wie die Garnituren auf. Aufgrund des bekannten Abstandes zwischen den Referenzelektroden und der vergleichbaren Oberflächengeometrie können Einflüsse der Oberflächengeometrie auf die Messwerte der Spannungsentladungen zwischen den Garnituren mittels der Auswerteeinheit reduziert werden. Dieses Vorgehen erhöht somit die Genauigkeit der Abstandsberechnung zwischen den Garniturspitzen.Particularly preferably, the machine according to the invention has an additional pair of electrodes, between which voltage or spark discharges are provoked. This electrode pair serves as a reference measuring unit, wherein the distance of the two electrode tips is known. This distance can be changed defined according to a preferred embodiment, whereby here, too, the new distance of the electrode tips must be known. The additional electrode pair preferably has a similar surface geometry as the trimmings. Due to the known distance between the reference electrodes and the comparable surface geometry, influences of the surface geometry on the measured values of the voltage discharges between the sets can be reduced by means of the evaluation unit. This procedure thus increases the accuracy of the distance calculation between the clothing tips.
Das zusätzliche Referenzelektrodenpaar kann alternativ oder - was vorzuziehen ist - zusätzlich dazu verwendet werden, die Einflüsse des Mikrobetriebsklimas und/oder der Garniturgeometrien auf die Messwerte der elektrischen Entladungen zwischen den Garnituren herauszurechnen. Hierzu sind die Referenzelektroden in das gleiche Mikrobetriebsklima wie die Garnituren zu plazieren. Unter dem Begriff "Mikrobetriebsklima" sind insbesondere die Lufttemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit, die Luftgeschwindigkeit, die Anwesenheit von ionisierenden Partikeln und/oder Restionisationen zu verstehen. Unter Garniturgeometrien sind insbesondere die Werte der Spitzenwinkel der Garnitur und die Werte der Spitzenradien zu verstehen. Die vorgenannten Parameter haben Einfluss auf den Corona-Effekt und somit auf die Höhe der Entladungsspannung.The additional reference electrode pair may alternatively or, preferably, be used in addition to calculate the influences of the micro-operating environment and / or the set geometries on the electrical discharge measurements between the sets. For this purpose, the reference electrodes are to be placed in the same micro-operating climate as the sets. The term "micro-operating climate" is to be understood in particular as the air temperature, the air humidity, the air velocity, the presence of ionizing particles and / or residual ionizations. In particular, the geometry of the clothing should be understood to mean the values of the point angles of the clothing and the values of the peak radii. The The aforementioned parameters have an influence on the corona effect and thus on the magnitude of the discharge voltage.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das zusätzliche Elektrodenpaar ausserhalb des Kardierbereichs der als Karde ausgebildeten Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine angeordnet, um den Kardiervorgang nicht zu beeinflussen bzw. die Effizienz nicht herabzusetzen. Es hat sich zudem als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das zusätzliche Elektrodenpaar in einem Raum angeordnet ist, in den bei Betrieb der Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine im wesentlichen keine Fasern eindringen können, so dass diese keine faserbedingten Durchschläge oder sonstige Beeinflussung der Messergebnisse mit den Referenzelektroden einschliesslich einer Verflugung des Messraumes verursachen können. Wenn durch den Messraum des weiteren ein Luftstrom geleitet wird, der im wesentlichen keine Fasern enthält und aus dem Kardierbereich stammt, ist das Mikrobetriebsklima im Messraum im wesentlichen identisch mit demjenigen zwischen den beiden Garnituren.Advantageously, the additional electrode pair is arranged outside the carding area of the spinning preparation machine designed as a carding machine in order not to influence the carding process or to reduce its efficiency. It has also proved to be advantageous if the additional pair of electrodes is arranged in a space in which substantially no fibers can penetrate during operation of the spinning preparation machine, so that these no fiber-related breakdowns or other influence on the measurement results with the reference electrodes including a flight of the measuring space can cause. Further, when passing through the measuring space an air stream containing substantially no fibers and originating from the carding area, the micro-operating climate in the measuring space is substantially identical to that between the two sets.
Bei geeigneter Ausbildung der Maschine kann ein Benutzer zusätzlich oder alternativ eine optische Kontrolle der Funkenentladungen durchführen, vorausgesetzt diese sind hell genug, um sie genauer zu beobachten. Hierzu ist beispielsweise ein einsehbarer Spalt vorzusehen, durch den der Zwischenraum zwischen den Garnituren beobachtet werden kann.With appropriate design of the machine, a user may additionally or alternatively perform optical control of the spark discharges provided they are bright enough to observe them more closely. For this purpose, for example, provide a visible gap through which the gap between the trimmings can be observed.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die eine Garnitur als Deckelgarnitur einer Karde und die andere Garnitur als zugeordnete Trommelgarnitur ausgebildet. Gerade der Abstand zwischen diesen beiden Garnituren ist relevant für das Kardierergebnis, so dass eine optimale Einstellung von grossem Vorteil ist. Da praktisch alle am Kardierprozess beteiligten Garniturspitzen als Sensoren herangezogen werden können, ist eine äusserst präzise Abstandsermittlung und damit Abstandseinstellung möglich.In a preferred embodiment, one set is designed as a flat set of a card and the other set as an associated drum set. Especially the distance between these two sets is relevant for the carding result, so that an optimal setting is of great advantage. Since virtually all the clothing tips involved in the carding process can be used as sensors, an extremely precise distance determination and thus distance adjustment is possible.
Entsprechendes gilt im Falle eines Krempels, bei dem die Erfindung ähnlich umgesetzt sein kann wie bei einer Karde.The same applies in the case of a card, in which the invention can be implemented similarly as in a card.
Insbesondere bei der Abstandsermittlung zweier sich relativ zueinander bewegenden Garnituren (entweder im Gleich- oder Gegensinn) ist das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren mit Vorteil anwendbar, da aufgrund der Bewegungen der beteiligten Bauteile sowie den Kardierbedingungen die Gefahr einer raschen Abstandsveränderung besteht und somit durch Nachregulieren der Garnituren zueinander hierauf schnell reagiert werden kann.In particular, when determining the distance between two relatively moving sets (either in the same or inverse sense), the method according to the invention is advantageously applicable, since due to the movements of the components involved and the carding the risk of a rapid change in distance exists and thus by adjusting the sets to each other can be reacted quickly.
In den meisten Anwendungsfällen wird bei auftretender Spannungsentladung die Potentialdifferenz zwischen den Spitzen der sich momentan gegenüber angeordneten Garniturspitzen gemessen; es sind daher entsprechende Abgriffe für diese Spannungswerte notwendig. Es bietet sich an, im Falle der Abstandsmessungen zwischen den Deckel- und Trommelgarnituren entsprechende Schleifkontakte an den Deckelstäben und/oder der Trommelwelle vorzusehen, wobei mindestens einer der Kontakte mit der Spannungsquelle verbunden ist. Der andere Kontakt kann geerdet oder ebenfalls mit der Spannungsquelle verbunden sein.In most applications, the potential difference between the tips of the momentarily opposite arranged clothing tips is measured when occurring voltage discharge; Therefore, appropriate taps for these voltage values are necessary. It is advisable to provide in the case of the distance measurements between the cover and drum sets corresponding sliding contacts on the flat bars and / or the drum shaft, wherein at least one of the contacts is connected to the voltage source. The other contact may be grounded or also connected to the voltage source.
Es gibt hierbei mehrere Möglichkeiten, die elektrischen Werte abzugreifen. Bei einer Möglichkeit werden z.B. alle Deckel gemessen, wobei beispielsweise an bestimmten Messpunkten entlang der Deckelgarnitur fixe Messpunkte vorgesehen sind, mit denen jeder Deckel während seiner Bewegung in elektrischen Kontakt kommt. Hierzu sind an den Messpunkten jeweils kurze Schleifkontakte bzw. Schleifbürsten vorgesehen, die nur jeweils einen einzigen Deckel erfassen. Der Vorteil liegt in der Möglichkeit der Überwachung einzelner Deckel, um beispielsweise eventuelle Schäden und/oder die individuelle Garniturabnutzung zu ermitteln.There are several ways to tap the electrical values. In one possibility, e.g. all covers measured, for example, at certain measuring points along the flat set fixed measuring points are provided with which each lid comes into electrical contact during its movement. For this purpose, each short sliding contacts or brushes are provided at the measuring points, which detect only a single cover. The advantage lies in the possibility of monitoring individual lids, for example, to determine any damage and / or the individual clothing wear.
Bei einer weiteren Möglichkeit wird über einen grösseren, ggf. sogar über den gesamten, der Trommel gegenüberliegenden Laufbereich der Wanderdeckel gemessen. Bei einer derartigen Messung über den gesamten Kardierbereich wird vorzugsweise ein langer Schleifkontakt bzw. eine lange Schleifbürste verwendet, welche sich über die gesamte Laufbahn der Wanderdeckel erstreckt. Der Vorteil liegt hierbei in der Möglichkeit der Überprüfung und Überwachung der Positionsgenauigkeit des Flexibelbogens, der Trommel, des Trommelschildes und/oder der Deckelstäbe unter Last, d.h. im Betrieb, und bei den während der Produktion entstehenden thermischen Bedingungen.In another possibility, the traveling lid is measured over a larger, possibly even over the entire, the drum opposite running area. In such a measurement over the entire carding area, it is preferable to use a long sliding contact or a long grinding brush, which extends over the entire raceway of the revolving cover. The advantage here lies in the possibility of checking and monitoring the position accuracy of the flexible sheet, the drum, the drum shield and / or the flat bars under load, ie during operation, and during the thermal conditions arising during production.
Selbstverständlich ist auch eine Kombination der beiden Methoden möglich, wobei z.B. an einer Maschinenseite die kurzen Schleifbürsten und an der anderen die lange Schleifbürste vorgesehen sind.Of course, a combination of the two methods is also possible, e.g. on one side of the machine the short brushes and on the other the long brush are provided.
Eine elektrische Isolierung zwischen den beiden Garnituren ist vorteilhafterweise dergestalt ausgebildet, dass die Deckelstäbe stirnseitig auf zwei Gleitbögen aufliegen, wobei diese Gleitbögen aus elektrisch nicht leitfähigem Kunststoff bestehen oder mit einer derartigen Kunststoffschicht versehen sind. Derartige Gleitbögen sind vorzugsweise Flexibelbögen, auf denen die Deckelköpfe der Deckelstäbe während des Vorbeiwanderns an der Trommelgarnitur geführt werden. Diese elektrische Isolation gewährleistet die Spannungsentladung zwischen den Garniturspitzen.An electrical insulation between the two sets is advantageously designed such that the flat bars rest on the front side on two sliding arcs, said sliding arches are made of electrically non-conductive plastic or provided with such a plastic layer. Such bends are preferably flexible bows on which the lid heads of the flat bars are guided while passing on the drum set. This electrical insulation ensures the voltage discharge between the clothing tips.
Eine grosse Genauigkeit der Abstandsermittlung kann erhalten werden, wenn die Potentialdifferenzen zur Spannungsentladung zwischen den Garnituren über die gesamte Kardierbreite erzeugt werden. Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung bzw. das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglichen somit einen grossflächigen Sensor, der gegenüber den bekannten Sensoren eine wesentlich grössere Messfläche abdeckt. Wird auf dieser Fläche eine Funkenentladung ausgelöst, erhält der Bediener einen Hinweis auf den kleinsten vorhandenen Abstand aller sich gegenüberliegenden Garniturspitzen und kann dementsprechend reagieren.A high accuracy of the distance detection can be obtained when the potential differences for the voltage discharge between the sets over the entire carding width are generated. The device according to the invention or the method according to the invention thus make possible a large-area sensor which covers a substantially larger measuring area than the known sensors. If a spark discharge is triggered on this surface, the operator receives an indication of the smallest available distance of all opposing clothing tips and can react accordingly.
Der oben beschriebene Schleifkontakt am Deckelstab hat üblicherweise aufgrund der Garniturnadelanbringung am Garniturstreifen elektrischen Kontakt mit allen Garniturspitzen. Daher lässt sich in diesem Fall nicht der genaue Ort der Funkenentladung lokalisieren. Demgegenüber liefert eine ortsaufgelöste Messung präzisere Aussagen. Hierzu kann zwischen Deckelstab und Garniturstreifen mindestens ein zumindest abschnittsweise elektrisch leitendes Flächenelement vorgesehen sein, welches elektrischen Kontakt mit den den Garniturspitzen abgewandten Garniturenden hat. Bei Funkenentladungen fliesst somit Strom von den Garniturspitzen über den Kontakt der Garnituren mit dem elektrisch leitenden Flächenelement zur Spannungsquelle, um den Stromkreis zu schliessen. Dieses mindestens eine elektrisch leitende Flächenelement kann beispielsweise an bekanntermassen relevanten Stellen des Garniturstreifens am Deckelstab lokalisiert sein.The above-described sliding contact on the flat bar usually has electrical contact with all clothing tips due to the Garniturnadelanbringung the clothing strip. Therefore, in this case, the exact location of the spark discharge can not be located. In contrast, a spatially resolved measurement provides more precise statements. For this purpose, between the flat bar and clothing strips at least one at least partially electrically conductive surface element may be provided, which has electrical contact with the clothing tips facing away from the clothing ends. With spark discharges thus current flows from the clothing tips over the Contact the trimmings with the electrically conductive surface element to the voltage source to close the circuit. This at least one electrically conductive surface element can be localized, for example, at locations of the clothing strip which are known to be relevant on the flat rod.
Gemäss einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das mindestens eine Flächenelement mehrere elektrisch voneinander isolierte Leitzonen verteilt auf das Flächenelement auf. Hierbei bietet es sich an, diese Leitzonen über die Länge und/oder über die Breite des zugeordneten Garniturstreifens zu verteilen, um spezielle Ortsaussagen über die Spannungsentladungen und damit über den geringsten Abstand der zugeordneten Garniturspitzen in den jeweiligen Abschnitten zu treffen. Über entsprechende Abgriffe und Signalleitungen sind diese Leitzonen jeweils mit der Spannungsquelle und dem Spannungsmessgerät verbunden, wobei bei Spannungsentladungen die Auswerteeinheit aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Stromkreise die Leitzonen voneinander zu unterscheiden vermag.According to an advantageous embodiment, the at least one surface element has a plurality of electrically isolated guide zones distributed on the surface element. It is advisable to distribute these guide zones over the length and / or across the width of the associated clothing strip in order to make special location statements about the voltage discharges and thus about the smallest distance between the associated clothing tips in the respective sections. About appropriate taps and signal lines, these control zones are each connected to the voltage source and the voltage measuring device, which is at voltage discharges, the evaluation unit due to the different circuits capable of distinguishing the control zones from each other.
Ganz allgemein kann durch Signalauswertung von verschiedenen elektrisch voneinander isolierten, einem Deckel zugeordneten elektrischen Abgriffen, die verschiedenen Kardierzonen des Deckels zugeordnet sind, der Zustand der Spitzen in den verschiedenen Kardierzonen beurteilt werden.In general, by evaluating the signal from various electrical taps, which are electrically insulated from one another and associated with a cover, which are assigned to different carding zones of the cover, the condition of the tips in the various carding zones can be assessed.
In einem ähnlichen, ebenfalls vorteilhaften Verfahren kann anhand von Signalen derartiger elektrischer Abgriffe, die verschiedenen Kardierzonen des Deckels zugeordnet sind, der Zustand des Flexibelbogens beurteilt werden, wenn diese Kardierzonen in Umlaufrichtung gesehen hintereinander angeordnet sind.In a similar, likewise advantageous method, the state of the flexible sheet can be assessed on the basis of signals of such electrical taps, which are assigned to different carding zones of the cover, when these carding zones are arranged one behind the other in the direction of rotation.
Da die Garnituren relativ zueinander bewegt werden, wird vorteilhafterweise eine Spannung mit einer Wiederholsequenz aus mehreren aufeinander folgenden an- und abfallenden Flanken verwendet. Vorteilhafterweise wird hierbei die Wiederholsequenz auf die maximal zu erwartenden relativen Geschwindigkeit zwischen den Garniturspitzen und auf die grössten zu erwartenden Garniturspitzendichte festgelegt.Since the trimmings are moved relative to each other, advantageously a voltage having a repeat sequence of a plurality of successive rising and falling edges is used. Advantageously, in this case the repetition sequence is set to the maximum expected relative speed between the clothing tips and to the largest expected clothing peak density.
Bevorzugt ist eine maximale,' zwischen den Garniturspitzen erzeugte abstandsbezogene Potentialdifferenz einstellbar, welche die Durchschlagfestigkeit der Luft (ca. 3 200 V/mm) überschreitet und abhängig vom erwünschten Messbereich im Bereich zwischen 1 000 und 10 000 V liegt. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn dieser Bereich zwischen 2 000 und 5 000 V und vorzugsweise zwischen 2 500 und 3 500 V einstellbar ist. Bei einem Kardierspalt von ca. 0,4 mm liegt die rechnerische Durchschlagspannung bei ca. 1 280 V.Preferably, a maximum distance-related potential difference produced between the clothing tips is adjustable, which exceeds the dielectric strength of the air (about 3 200 V / mm) and, depending on the desired measurement range, lies in the range between 1000 and 10 000 V. It has proven to be advantageous if this range is adjustable between 2,000 and 5,000 V, and preferably between 2,500 and 3,500 V. At a carding gap of about 0.4 mm, the calculated breakdown voltage is about 1 280 V.
Die Entladungsenergie bei Funkenentladung sollte sich,auf unter 10 mJ belaufen, da ansonsten eine Brand- und Elektroschockgefahr bestünde. Auch würden die Garniturspitzen durch Elektroerosion über Massen abgenützt werden. Vorzugsweise liegt die Entladungsenergie sogar unter 5 mJ und bevorzugt unter 1 mJ. Bei diesen Entladungsenergien besteht keine Gefahr für den Bediener, falls er den Stromkreis mit seinem Körper versehentlich kurzschliesst.The discharge energy at spark discharge should amount to less than 10 mJ, otherwise there would be a fire and electric shock hazard. Also, the clothing tips would be worn by electroerosion over masses. Preferably, the discharge energy is even less than 5 mJ and preferably less than 1 mJ. With these discharge energies, there is no danger to the operator if he accidentally short circuits the circuit with his body.
Eine Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass statistische Berechnungen seitens der Auswerteeinheit durchgeführt werden, um Auswirkungen von Fasern im Garniturspalt auf die Messergebnisse zu eliminieren. Die statistische Auswertung liefert im Ergebnis somit Messwerte bei Funkenentladung in faserfreier Luft, die eine genaue Aussage über den tatsächlichen Garniturspitzenabstand beinhalten. Selbstverständlich ist es alternativ oder zusätzlich möglich, Messungen auch ohne die Anwesenheit von Fasern durchzuführen, um derartige oder ähnliche Aussagen zu treffen.A further development of the method according to the invention is characterized in that statistical calculations are carried out by the evaluation unit in order to eliminate the effects of fibers in the clothing gap on the measurement results. As a result, the statistical evaluation provides measured values for spark discharge in fiber-free air, which contain an accurate statement about the actual clothing tip spacing. Of course, it is alternatively or additionally possible to perform measurements without the presence of fibers in order to make such or similar statements.
Gemäss einer Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung kann der durch das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermittelte Garniturspitzenabstand herangezogen werden, um automatisch den Abstand optimal einzustellen. Hierzu sind entsprechende Einstellmittel vorgesehen, die auf Grundlage der rechnerischen Auswertung und/oder der optischen Kontrolle seitens des Bedieners den Garniturabstand einstellen. Vorzugsweise gibt die Auswerteeinheit nach Ermittlung des Garniturabstandes Stellbefehle an die Einstellmittel. Diese Einstellmittel sind beispielsweise Stelltriebe, die auf den Kurvenverlauf des Flexibelbogens einwirken, um die Gleitschuhe der Deckelstäbe anzuheben oder abzusenken, um damit den Garniturspitzenabstand zu vergrössern bzw. zu verkleinern.
Gemäss einer Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zum Einstellen des Abstandes der Garniturspitzen wird vorgeschlagen, dass eine sukzessive Einstellung der beiden Deckelstabstirnseiten durchgeführt wird. Hierzu wird zunächst auf der ersten Seite der Abstand derart verringert, dass auf Grundlage der registrierten und/oder beobachteten Funkenentladungen ein gewünschter Abstandswert δ eingestellt wird. Dieser kann unter Umständen mit Hilfe der konventionellen Techniken der in den Kardierspalt einzuführenden Messstäbe kontrolliert werden. Dieser Abstandswert δ entspricht einem Durchschlagspannungswert UE = f(δ) bzw. einer vom Piasmastrom abhängigen Löschspannung UP= f(δ, IP). Im Anschluss daran wird die zweite Stirnseite des entsprechenden Deckelstabs mit Hilfe des Flexibelbogens angenähert. Solange der Abstand zwischen der neu eingestellten Deckelseite zur Trommel δN ≥ δ beträgt, entstehen wegen der Neigung des Deckels Funken an der ersten Deckelseite; somit bleiben auch die elektrischen Messparameter UE = f(δ) bzw. UP = f(δ,IP) zunächst unverändert. Sobald aber der Abstand zwischen der zweiten Deckelseite zur Trommel δN < δ wird, wechselt die Funkenbildung die Seite und der neue Durchschlagspannungswert beträgt UEN = f(δN) < UE bzw. die vom Plasmastrom abhängige neue Löschspannung beträgt UPN = f(δN, IP) < UP. Da in diesem Fall der zweite Abstand einen optimalen Wert unterschritten hat, wird anschliessend die zweite Stirnseite wieder angehoben, bis der neue Durchschlagspannungswert UEN = UE bzw. die vom Plasmastrom abhängige neue Löschspannung UPN = UP. Damit wird erreicht, dass auch der neue Abstandswert δN den Sollwert δ annimmt. Hierbei steht nun der Deckel parallel zur Trommel. Dieses Prozedere gewährleistet einen im wesentlichen gleichen Abstand über die gesamte Kardierbreite des Deckelstabs.According to a further development of the invention, the clothing tip spacing determined by the method according to the invention can be used to automatically optimally adjust the distance. For this purpose, corresponding adjustment means are provided which set the clothing spacing on the basis of the arithmetic evaluation and / or the optical control on the part of the operator. Preferably, the evaluation unit after determining the clothing spacing control commands to the adjustment. These adjustment means are, for example, actuators, which act on the curve of the flexible bend around the sliding blocks of the flat bars raise or lower, so as to increase the clothing tip distance or to reduce.
According to a further development of the method according to the invention for adjusting the spacing of the clothing tips, it is proposed that a successive adjustment of the two flat-top end faces be carried out. For this purpose, the distance is initially reduced on the first side such that a desired distance value δ is set on the basis of the registered and / or observed spark discharges. Under certain circumstances, this can be controlled by means of the conventional techniques of the measuring rods to be introduced into the carding nip. This distance value δ corresponds to a breakdown voltage value U E = f (δ) or a piasm current-dependent erasing voltage U P = f (δ, I P ). Subsequently, the second end face of the corresponding flat bar is approximated by means of the flexible arch. As long as the distance between the newly set cover side to the drum δ N ≥ δ, due to the inclination of the lid sparks arise on the first side of the cover; Thus, the electrical measurement parameters U E = f (δ) and U P = f (δ, I P ) initially remain unchanged. But as soon as the distance between the second cover side to the drum δ N δ <, sparking changes the page and the new breakdown voltage value is U EN = f (δ N) <U E and is dependent from the plasma stream new erase voltage U PN = f (δ N , I P ) <U P. Since in this case the second distance has fallen below an optimum value, the second end side is then raised again until the new breakdown voltage value U EN = U E or the new deletion voltage U PN = U P dependent on the plasma current. This ensures that the new distance value δ N also assumes the setpoint value δ. Here, the lid is now parallel to the drum. This procedure ensures a substantially equal distance over the entire carding width of the flat bar.
Bei einer besonders einfachen, aber wirkungsvollen Anwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird die Entladungsspannung als Kollisionsvorwarnung bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Abstandes der Garniturspitzen herangezogen. Wenn die Spitzen sehr dicht beieinander sind, ist die Entladungsspannung entsprechend gering, so dass insbesondere bei Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Entladungsspannung ein Kollisionshinweis mittels eines entsprechenden Signalapparates, z. B. akustisch und/oder optisch, ausgegeben wird und/oder eine geeignete Massnahme ergriffen wird, um die Kolission zu verhindern.In a particularly simple but effective application of the method according to the invention, the discharge voltage is used as a collision warning when falling below a predetermined distance of the clothing tips. If the tips are very close to each other, the discharge voltage is correspondingly low, so that in particular when falling below a predetermined discharge voltage, a collision indication by means of a corresponding signal apparatus, z. B. acoustically and / or visually, and / or a suitable measure is taken to prevent the Kolission.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche gekennzeichnet.Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features of the subclaims.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
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Figur 1 - eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Karde;
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Figur 2 - eine Seitenansicht eines Deckelstabs mit einem Teil einer Kardentrommel;
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Figur 3 - eine Vorderansicht eines Deckelstabs mit einem Teil einer Kardentrommel;
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Figur 4 - eine schematische Darstellung der Funkenerzeugung zwischen einer Deckelgarnitur und einer Trommelgarnitur;
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Figur 5 - ein Schaltbild einer Messanordnung zur Messung der Entladungsspannung;
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Figur 6 - ein Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramm sowie ein Strom-Zeit-Diagramm zur Darstellung der Funkenentladungen;
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Figur 7 - ein Schaltbild einer Messanordnung für die Messung eines Plasmastroms;
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Figur 8 - ein Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramm zur Darstellung eines Plasmastroms, ersichtlich im darunter befindlichen Strom-Zeit-Diagramm;
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Figur 9 - ein Faserleitelement in Seitenansicht mit integriertem Referenzelektrodenpaar, geschnitten entlang der Linie I-I in
der Figur 10 ; -
Figur 10 - die
Anordnung der Figur 9 in Aufsicht; -
Figur 11 - eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Referenzelektrodenpaares in Seitenansicht;
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Figur 12 - eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Referenzelektrodenpaares in Seitenansicht;
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Figur 13 - eine perspektivische Sicht auf einen Deckelstab mit elektrisch leitendem Flächenelement zwischen Deckelstab und Garniturstreifen;
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Figur 14 - eine vergrösserte Seitenansicht eines Garniturstreifens mit eingesteckten Garniturnadeln sowie Flächenelement;
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Figur 15 - eine erste Ausführungsform elektrisch leitender Flächenelemente in Unteransicht;
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Figur 16 - eine zweite Ausführungsform elektrisch leitender Flächenelementen in Unteransicht;
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Figur 17 - eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Wanderdeckelanordnung mit drei unabhängigen Messstellen;
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Figur 18 - eine Darstellung der gemessen Kardierspaltwerte an den drei Messstellen in Abhängigkeit der Zeit;
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Figur 19 - eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Wanderdeckelanordnung mit drei langgestreckten Schleifkontakten entlang des Kardierwegs eines Deckelstabs, und
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Figur 20 - eine Darstellung von hypothetisch gemessenen Kardierspaltwerten an den drei Schleifkontakten in Abhängigkeit vom Messbereich β.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic side view of a card;
- FIG. 2
- a side view of a flat rod with a part of a card drum;
- FIG. 3
- a front view of a flat bar with a part of a card drum;
- FIG. 4
- a schematic representation of the spark generation between a flat fitting and a drum set;
- FIG. 5
- a circuit diagram of a measuring arrangement for measuring the discharge voltage;
- FIG. 6
- a voltage-time diagram and a current-time diagram illustrating the spark discharges;
- FIG. 7
- a circuit diagram of a measuring arrangement for the measurement of a plasma stream;
- FIG. 8
- a voltage-time diagram for representing a plasma stream, seen in the underlying current-time diagram;
- FIG. 9
- a fiber guide in side view with integrated reference electrode pair, cut along the line II in the
FIG. 10 ; - FIG. 10
- the arrangement of
FIG. 9 in supervision; - FIG. 11
- a second embodiment of a reference electrode pair in side view;
- FIG. 12
- a third embodiment of a reference electrode pair in side view;
- FIG. 13
- a perspective view of a flat bar with electrically conductive surface element between the flat bar and clothing strips;
- FIG. 14
- an enlarged side view of a clothing strip with inserted Garniturnadeln and surface element;
- FIG. 15
- a first embodiment of electrically conductive surface elements in a bottom view;
- FIG. 16
- a second embodiment of electrically conductive surface elements in a bottom view;
- FIG. 17
- a schematic side view of a traveling lid assembly with three independent measuring points;
- FIG. 18
- a representation of the measured carding gap values at the three measuring points as a function of time;
- FIG. 19
- a schematic side view of a traveling lid assembly with three elongated sliding contacts along the carding path of a flat bar, and
- FIG. 20
- a representation of hypothetically measured carding gap values at the three sliding contacts in dependence on the measuring range β.
In der
An der genannten Wanderdeckelanordnung 6 ist eine Vielzahl von Deckelstäben 13 vorgesehen, wobei in der
In einem Kardierspalt δ zwischen der Deckelgarnitur 21 und der Trommelgarnitur 25 werden die der Karde zugeführten Faserflocken bis zur Einzelfaser aufgelöst, die hierbei zudem eine erhebliche Längsorientierung erfahren. Ausserdem werden verbliebene Unreinheiten inklusive Staub ausgeschieden, ein Teil der vorhandenen Kurzfasern eliminiert sowie Nissen aufgelöst. Damit diese Aufgaben einwandfrei durchgeführt werden können, ist es wesentlich, dass die Breite des Kardierspalts δ, welche nur einige wenige Zehntel eines Millimeters beträgt, korrekt eingehalten wird.In a carding nip δ between the
Aufgrund der Krümmung der Trommeloberfläche sowie des daran angepassten Verlaufs der Flexibelbögen 12 weisen die Garniturnadeln der Deckelgarnitur 21 über die Breite B des Deckelstabs 13 verschiedenen Abstände zur Trommelgarnitur 25 auf. In der
Der Spannungsgenerator 41 ist weiterhin über eine Leitung mit einem ortsfesten Schleifkontakt 43 verbunden, der an der Antriebswelle 5a der nur ausschnittweise dargestellten Trommel 5 anliegt. Über die Trommelwelle 5a und die Wände der Trommel 5 ist der Generator 41 mit der Trommelgarnitur 25 elektrisch verbunden. Durch Anlegen einer veränderbaren Spannung kann von den Spitzen 22 der Deckelgarnitur 21 zu den Spitzen 26 der Trommelgarnitur 25 eine Funkenentladung erzeugt werden, die den Kardierspalt ö zwischen den Spitzen 22, 26 überbrückt und einen Kurzschluss im Stromkreis verursacht. Die Entladungsspannung wird mit einem parallel zum Transformator 41 geschalteten Voltmeter 49 gemessen und an eine Auswerteeinheit 50 übermittelt. Die Auswerteeinheit 50 berechnet mittels eines hinterlegten Algorithmus' den momentanen, bei der Spannungs- bzw. Funkenentladung bestehenden Abstand δ (Kardierspalt) zwischen den Garniturspitzen 22, 26. Über eine Anzeige 52 kann dieser Abstand beispielsweise angezeigt werden. Bei einem zu geringen Kardierspalt δ, der eine Kollision der Spitzen 22, 26 befürchten lässt, kann über eine Signaleinrichtung 53 ein optisches und/oder akustisches Warnsignal ausgegeben werden. Alternativ und/oder zusätzlich wird die Wanderdeckelanordnung 6 und/oder die Trommel 5 gestoppt. Gleichfalls kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Auswerteeinheit 50, die als Mikrocomputer ausgebildet sein kann, einen Stellbefehl an einen Stelltrieb 51 ausgibt, der den Flexibelbogen neu einstellt, was wiederum Auswirkungen auf den Abstand δ der Spitzen 22, 26 hat (s. auch
Vorteilhafterweise ist der Kardierspalt δ von der Seite der Maschine her einsichtbar, damit ein Bediener auch optisch die Funkenerzeugung kontrollieren und evtl. zum manuellen Einstellen des Kardierspalts δ mittels der Flexibelbögen 12 nutzen kann.Advantageously, the carding nip δ can be viewed from the side of the machine, so that an operator can also optically control the generation of spark and possibly use it for manually setting the carding gap δ by means of the flexible bends 12.
In der
In der
Im Bereich B hingegen liegt der Messabstand δB zwischen 0 und δMAX, so dass Funkenentladungen bei einer Durchschlagspannung von UE auftreten, d.h. die Potentialdifferenz zwischen den Garniturspitzen 22, 26 ist so gross, dass eine Funkenentladung auftritt, ein Kurzschluss entsteht und daher die Spannung schnell auf Null sinkt, um anschliessend entsprechend dem vorgegebenen Spannungsverlauf wieder linear anzusteigen. Die Frequenz der Sägezahnspannung wird derart festgelegt, dass diese stets - auch bei grossen momentanen Relativgeschwindigkeiten zwischen Deckelgarnitur 21 und Trommelgarnitur 25 - alle möglichen Spitzen- und damit Entladungspositionen erfasst. In diesem Fall ist die Entladungsspannung UE für darauf folgende elektrische Entladungen (Funkenentladungen) im wesentlichen gleich gross, vorausgesetzt, dass die zu messenden Abstände auch identisch sind.In the area B, however, the measuring distance δ B is between 0 and δ MAX , so that spark discharges occur at a breakdown voltage of U E , ie the potential difference between the
Im Bereich C ist der Messabstand δC kleiner als δB, so dass die Durchschlagspannung UE, kleiner ist als die Durchschlagspannung UE im Bereich B. Daher ist auch die Häufigkeit der Durchschläge bzw. des Auftretens von Funkenentladungen im Bereich C grösser als im Bereich B.In the region C, the measuring distance δ C is smaller than δ B , so that the breakdown voltage U E , is smaller than the breakdown voltage U E in the region B. Therefore, the frequency of breakdowns or the occurrence of spark discharges in the region C is greater than in Area B.
In der unteren Hälfte der
Schliesslich ist im Bereich D die Situation eines Kurzschlusses dargestellt, bei der ein konstanter Kurzschlussstrom fliesst.Finally, in the area D, the situation of a short circuit is shown in which a constant short-circuit current flows.
Sowohl im Bereich B als auch im Bereich C ist zudem jeweils dargestellt, wie insbesondere Fasern die Entladungsspannung bzw. den Entladungsstrom beeinflussen können (s. jeweils mit einem Stern markierte Stellen). Die durch Fasern verursachte Durchschlagspannung ist kleiner als bei faserfreiem Kardierspalt δ. Entsprechend ist auch der Entladungsstrom kleiner (siehe untere Hälfte der
In der
Die Funktionsweise der Schaltungsanordnung gemäss der
In der
Wie in der
In den
In dem Innenraum des Faserleitelements 60 wird ein geschlossener Raum durch Wände 65 und die abnehmbare Abdeckung 66 (in 9 aufgesetzt, in
Die Elektrodenspitzen 73 bzw. 76 besitzen die Hauptgeometriemerkmale der Spitzen 26 der Trommelgarnitur 25 (Radius R1, Winkel α1) bzw. der Spitzen 22 der Deckelgarnitur 21 (Radius R2, Winkel α2.). Diese geometrischen Eigenschaften haben einen direkten Einfluss auf den Corona-Effekt und ermöglichen damit vergleichbare Ergebnisse zwischen den Referenzentladungen zwischen den Elektroden 71, 75 einerseits und den Messentladungen zwischen den Spitzen der Deckelgarnitur 21 und der Trommelgarnitur 25 andererseits. Durch das Einstellen des Abstandes zwischen den Elektroden 71 und 75 auf einem Wert δv (=δVergleich), der ähnlich gross wie der zu erwartende Garniturabstand δ ist, werden die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, Einflüsse der Oberflächengeometrien der Garnituren 21, 25 sowie der Mikrobetriebsklimafaktoren auf die Messentladungen zu eliminieren. Hierzu wird der bekannte Abstand zwischen den Referenzelektroden 71, 75 und die vergleichbare Oberflächengeometrie der Referenzelektroden 71, 75 herangezogen. Unter dem Begriff "Mikrobetriebsklima" sind insbesondere die Lufttemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit, die Luftgeschwindigkeit, die Anwesenheit von ionisierenden Partikeln und/oder Restionisationen zu verstehen. Unter Garniturgeometrien sind insbesondere die Werte der Spitzenwinkel der Garnituren 21, 25 und die Werte der Spitzenradien zu verstehen.The
In der
In der
In der
In der
In den
Die Ausführungsform gemäss der
Neben der Registrierung des Abstandes zwischen den Garniturspitzen 22, 26 anhand der Entladungs- bzw. Löschspannung ist es ebenfalls möglich, die Häufigkeit und/oder die Anzahl und/oder die Art der Entladungen zur Auswertung heranzuziehen; die hierzu notwendigen Zähl- bzw. Messeinrichtungen sind nicht näher dargestellt. Beispielsweise auf Grundlage einer statistischen Auswertung der Signale kann auf die Bedingungen im Kardierspalt geschlossen werden, beispielsweise auf die Faserbelegung. Diese Informationen können ggf. auch zur genaueren Bestimmung des Garniturspitzenabstandes δ und/oder dem Abnutzungszustand der Garnituren in verschiedenen Kardierbereichen herangezogen werden.In addition to the registration of the distance between the
In der
Die Ausführung gemäss der
An jeder der drei Schleifkontakten 44, 45, 46 kann der Abstand δ der jeweiligen Deckelgarnitur 21 jedes Deckelstabs 13 von der Trommelgarnitur 25 mit Hilfe der Spannungsmesswerte (s.
Mit Hilfe der Ausführungsform der
In der
Bevorzugt ist eine Ortsauflösung der Kardierspaltmessung über die Breite dieses Deckelstabs 13, d.h. quer zu seiner Umlaufrichtung, vorgesehen. Hierzu ist beispielsweise an der linken und der rechten Seite des Deckelstabs 13 sowie in seiner Mitte ein jeweiliger Schleifkontakt vorgesehen, wobei hierzu beispielsweise ein Flächenelement 30 mit drei über die Breite verteilten Leitzonen 31, 34, 37 entsprechend der
Die Messstellen 47 und 48 mit ihren Sensoren 91 bzw. 92 entsprechen denjenigen der
In der
Analog zu der Ausführungsform gemäss der
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So wurde anhand der Figuren die Abstandsmessung zwischen den Garniturspitzen 22, 26 von Deckelgarnitur 21 und Sägezahngarnitur 25 einer Kardentrommel 5 beschrieben. Ohne Einschränkungen ist das beschriebene Messprinzip auch zur Abstandsmessung zwischen den Sägezahngarnituren der Trommel 5 und einem Briseur (siehe
Wenn im Vorstehenden der Begriff Funkenentladung verwendet wurde, sind damit auch Spannungsentladungen mitumfasst, die für das blosse Auge kaum oder nicht zu sehen sind.If the term "spark discharge" was used in the preceding, it also includes voltage discharges that are barely or not visible to the naked eye.
Die Erfindung betrifft daher eine Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine, z.B. Karde, Krempel, Reiniger o.dgl., mit einer Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen und/oder Einstellen von Parametern bei zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Garnituren (21, 25). Die Spitzen (22, 26) der Garnituren sind hierbei elektrisch leitend ausgebildet, eine Spannungsquelle (41; 101; 201, 206) ist mit Spitzen mindestens einer der Garnituren verbunden, und durch Anlegen einer veränderbaren Potentialdifferenz zwischen Spitzen der beiden Garnituren sind elektrische Entladungen erzeugbar. Diese geben einen Hinweis auf den aktuellen Abstand (δ) und/oder den einzustellenden Abstand zwischen den Garniturspitzen und/oder den Abnutzungsgrad mindestens einer der Garnituren und/oder die Positionierung der einen Garnitur zu der anderen Garnitur, insbesondere deren Neigungswinkel (Θ) zueinander. Gleichfalls betrifft die Erfindung ein entsprechendes berührungsloses Messverfahren.The invention therefore relates to a spinning preparation machine, e.g. Carding, carding, cleaning or the like., With a device for non-contact measuring and / or setting of parameters at two opposite sets (21, 25). The tips (22, 26) of the trimmings are in this case made electrically conductive, a voltage source (41, 101, 201, 206) is connected to tips of at least one of the trimmings, and electrical voltages can be generated by applying a variable potential difference between the tips of the two trimmings , These give an indication of the current distance (δ) and / or the distance to be set between the clothing tips and / or the degree of wear of at least one of the trimmings and / or the positioning of one clothing to the other clothing, in particular their inclination angle (Θ) to each other. Likewise, the invention relates to a corresponding non-contact measuring method.
Claims (37)
- A spinning preparation machine, e.g. a carding machine, a cleaner or the like, comprising a device for contactless measurement and/or adjustment of parameters in two opposite card clothings (21, 25), characterised in that the tips (22, 26) of the clothings (21, 25) are electrically conducting, a voltage source (41; 101; 201, 206) is connected to tips (22, 26) of at least one of the card clothings (21, 25) and electric discharges can be produced by applying a variable potential difference between tips (22, 26) of the two card clothings (21, 25), which give an indication of the actual distance (δ) and/or the distance to be adjusted between the card clothing tips (22, 26) and/or the degree of wear of at least one of the card clothings (21, 25) and/or the positioning of one card clothing (21) with respect to the other card clothing (25), in particular their angle of inclination (Θ) relative to one another.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that there is provided an evaluation unit (50) which can determine the distance (δ) between the card clothing tips (22, 26) from the registered frequency and/or number and/or type of discharges and/or at least one electrical parameter in relation to the at least one electric discharge.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the voltage value (UE) before the electric discharge (spark discharge) can be recorded by a voltage measuring device (49; 104; 209), wherein this voltage value corresponds to a value for the shortest distance (δ) between the card clothing tips during the spark discharge.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the voltage source (41; 101 + 102 + 103; 206) is configured as a voltage generator (pulse generator) for generating a variable voltage, for example, a sawtooth voltage or a DC voltage having sawtooth peaks.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an additional electrode pair (71, 75) for the electric discharge is provided as a reference measuring unit, whose optionally variable distance is known and which has a similar surface geometry to said card clothing tips (22, 26) at the tips (73, 76).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the additional electrode pair (71, 75) is located outside the carding region of the spinning preparation machine configured as a carding machine.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the additional electrode pair (71, 75) is located in a space into which substantially no fibres can penetrate during operating of the spinning preparation machine (1).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the additional electrode pair (71, 75) is located in a space through which an air flow (L) is passed during operation of the spinning preparation machine (1).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two card clothings (21, 25) together with their intermediate space are visible for the operator in such a manner that the electric discharges can be monitored visually.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one card clothing (21) is the flat clothing of a carding machine (1) and the other card clothing (25) is the associated cylinder clothing.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two card clothings (21, 25) revolve either in the same direction or in opposite directions.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flat bars (13) are electrically insulated with respect to the two quadrants (12) on which the front sides of the flat bars (13) temporarily rest during a revolution.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that potential differences between the card clothings (21, 25) can be generated over the entire carding width (B).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one sliding contact (42, 43; 44, 45, 46; 144) is provided for making contact on the flat bars (13) and/or the cylinder shaft (46), wherein at least one of the sliding contacts (42, 43; 44, 45, 46; 144) is connected to a voltage source (41).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of sliding contacts (43, 44, 45) not connected electrically to one another, are provided along the carding path for making contact with various flat bars (13).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one elongated sliding contact (144) is provided along at least one partial section of the carding path with which at least one carding bar (13) is in electrical contact during transport along the cylinder (5).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of elongated sliding contacts (144) are provided when viewed over the width of a flat bar (13), which contacts are in electrical contact with various electrically separate zones of the card clothing (21) of the at least one flat bar (13).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one surface element (30) which is electrically conducting at least in sections is provided between the flat bar (13) and card clothing strips (20), which element is in electrical contact with the card clothing ends (23) facing away from the card clothing tips (22) and via which the discharge current produced during the electric discharge flows.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one surface element (30) has a plurality of conducting zones (31, 32, 33; 31', 32', 33') which are electrically separated from one another, which are distributed over the length and/or over the width of the associated card clothing strip (20).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a maximum distance-related potential difference which exceeds the breakdown strength of air, can be set between said tips (22, 26) of the two card clothings (21, 25) depending on the desired measurement range in the range between 1000 and 10 000, preferably between 2000 and 5000 V, and preferably between 2500 and 3500 V.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the card clothings (21, 25) and the impedance of the voltage source are tuned to one another in such a manner that the discharge energy during the measurement is limited to below 10 mJ, preferably to below 5 mJ and preferably to below 1 mJ.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the card clothings (21, 25) are arranged with respect to one another and said potential difference can be applied by a voltage source (201) in such a manner that following a voltage discharge a plasma is formed for a short time interval between the card clothings (21, 25).
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the voltage for maintaining a plasma current or the plasma extinguishing voltage (UP) can be recorded.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the evaluation unit (50) for determining the distance (δ) of the card clothings (21, 25) or for evaluation the electric discharge is connected to adjusting means (51) for adjusting the distance (δ) between the two card clothings and can transmit a command for adjusting the distance to these.
- The machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that if the distance (δ) between the clothing tips (22, 26) falls below a predetermined level, a collision warning can be delivered by means of a signal device (53) and/or a suitable measure can be taken to prevent a collision.
- A contactless measuring method in the area of two opposing card clothings (21, 25) on a spinning preparation machine, in particular a carding machine (1), a cleaner or the like wherein the card clothing tips (22, 26) consist of an electrically conducting material, characterised in that a variable potential difference is generated between the tips (22, 26) of the two card clothings (21, 25) to produce an electric discharge between the tips (22, 26) wherein the distance (δ) between at least a part of the card clothing tips (22, 26) and/or the degree of wear of at least one of the card clothings (21, 25) and/or the positioning of one card clothing (21) with respect to the other card clothing (25), in particular their angle of inclination (Θ) relative to one another, is determined from the frequency and/or the number and/or the type of discharges and/or at least one electrical parameter in relation to the electric discharges.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that there is provided an additional electrode pair (71, 75), whose optionally variable tip distance (δV) is known and which is located in the same operating microclimate as said card clothings (21, 25), wherein this additional electrode pair (71, 75) is used as a reference measuring unit in order to calculate the influences of the operating microclimate on the measured values of the electric discharge.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that there is provided an additional electrode pair (71, 75) whose optionally variable tip distance (δV) is known and which has a similar surface geometry to said card clothings (21, 25) at the tips (73, 76), wherein this additional electrode pair (71, 75) is used as a reference measuring unit in order to take into account the influences of the surface geometry on the measured values of the electric discharges between the card clothings (21, 25).
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that a repetition sequence comprising a plurality of successive ascending and descending flanks is used as the voltage, wherein the frequency of this repetition sequence is matched to the rotational speed of one or both card clothings (21, 25).
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that a repetition sequence comprising a plurality of successive ascending and descending flanks is used as the voltage, wherein the frequency of this repetition sequence is matched to the number of card clothing tips (22, 26).
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that the voltage value (UE) is measured directly before a voltage discharge.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that following a voltage discharge a plasma is generated in the intermediate space between the two card clothings for a time interval in the millisecond range or below, wherein the distance between the card clothing tips (22, 26) is determined or adjusted from the plasma voltage for maintaining the plasma current or from the extinguishing voltage.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that a separation is made by means of statistical calculations between measured values for discharges in the presence of fibres and measured values in a discharge in fibre-free air.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that for the purpose of adjusting the distance between the card clothing tips (22, 26) over the entire width of the flat clothing (21), a first side of the flat clothing (21) is adjusted so that the measured voltage (UE) directly before the electric discharge corresponds to a desired card clothing distance (δ) for this first side and then the second side is lowered or optionally raised again until the same voltage (UE) and therefore the same card clothing distance (δ) as on the first side is present on this second side.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that on the basis of the determined voltage (UE) a collision warning is given if the distance (δ) between the card clothing tips (22, 26) falls below a predetermined value.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that signals from electrical taps associated with a flat, which are electrically insulated from one another and associated with different carding zones of the flat are evaluated to assess the state of the tips in the various carding zones.
- The method according to any one of the preceding process claims, characterised in that signals from electrical taps associated with a flat, which are electrically insulated from one another and associated with different carding zones of the flat located one after the other in the direction of revolution, are evaluated to assess the state of the flexible arc (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH8332005 | 2005-05-11 | ||
PCT/CH2006/000249 WO2006119658A1 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-09 | Spinning preparation machine and contactless measuring method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1880046A1 EP1880046A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
EP1880046B1 true EP1880046B1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
Family
ID=36603498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06721951A Active EP1880046B1 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-09 | Spinning preparation machine and contactless measuring method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1880046B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101175877B (en) |
DE (1) | DE502006006043D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006119658A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH699538B1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2010-03-31 | Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus at a spinning preparation machine, in particular a carding or carding, for monitoring and / or adjustment of intervals of components. |
WO2008055367A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Textile machine and contactless measurement process |
CH704982A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-30 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Apparatus for separating dirt and short fibers to a carder. |
EP2743385B1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-07-23 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Method and device for monitoring contacts of a rotating component of a textile machine |
DE102017101865A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-02 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Card with a device for adjusting the carding gap |
DE102017101863A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-02 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Detection device on a spinning preparation machine and provided for flat bar garnish |
DE102018112053A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Method for determining the drum assignment on a card as well as a card with an associated control |
DE102019110654A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-29 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Method and textile machine for automatically setting and maintaining a defined distance between a rotatably mounted drum and another component |
DE102019110699A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-29 | Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Card with a device for adjusting the carding gap |
CN110470330B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-07-20 | 南京六合高新建设发展有限公司 | Electrodeless corner sensor |
CH720172A1 (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-05-15 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Device and method for adjusting a carding gap of a card |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19826542C2 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2001-05-31 | Graf & Co Ag | Scraper fitting for cards and / or carding machines |
DE10037710A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-14 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Device for adjusting the working gap between the tips of cover sets and the tips of the drum set of a card |
DE10046916A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-11 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Adjustment to the working gap between the facing points of the clothing of revolving flats and the carding drum, at a carding machine, has a spring or piezo-electric unit at each flat to set its height |
DE10053139B4 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2018-08-02 | Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Device on a spinning preparation machine, e.g. Carding machine, cleaner or the like, for setting distances on trimmings |
DE10251574A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-19 | Trützschler GmbH & Co KG | Device on a spinning preparation machine, e.g. Card, cleaner or the like, for measuring distances on cover sets |
-
2006
- 2006-05-09 EP EP06721951A patent/EP1880046B1/en active Active
- 2006-05-09 WO PCT/CH2006/000249 patent/WO2006119658A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-05-09 DE DE502006006043T patent/DE502006006043D1/en active Active
- 2006-05-09 CN CN2006800164005A patent/CN101175877B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101175877B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
DE502006006043D1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
EP1880046A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
CN101175877A (en) | 2008-05-07 |
WO2006119658A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
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