EP1878995A2 - Percussion fuse with piezoelectric generator - Google Patents

Percussion fuse with piezoelectric generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1878995A2
EP1878995A2 EP07290832A EP07290832A EP1878995A2 EP 1878995 A2 EP1878995 A2 EP 1878995A2 EP 07290832 A EP07290832 A EP 07290832A EP 07290832 A EP07290832 A EP 07290832A EP 1878995 A2 EP1878995 A2 EP 1878995A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
rocket
piston
cap
generator
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Granted
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EP07290832A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1878995A3 (en
EP1878995B1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Cotet
Laurent Desgland
Nicolas Eches
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Priority to PL07290832T priority Critical patent/PL1878995T3/en
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Publication of EP1878995A3 publication Critical patent/EP1878995A3/en
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Publication of EP1878995B1 publication Critical patent/EP1878995B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
    • F42C11/02—Electric fuzes with piezo-crystal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/10—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact without firing-pin

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of impact rockets for projectiles.
  • Piezoelectric generators are most often constituted by one or more piezoelectric ceramics stacked on top of one another. Such a generator is placed on a support integral with the rocket body and which forms an anvil during impact.
  • the rocket further comprises a piston which comes to exert a mechanical stress on the generator during the shock.
  • the patent FR-1595412 describes such a known impact rocket. The resulting voltage is used to initiate an electrical primer.
  • One of the problems encountered with known rockets is that, in certain impact configurations, the electrical voltage generated may be insufficient to ensure initiation of the primer.
  • the patent FR-2669416 discloses a priming device which comprises a piezoelectric generator integral with the rocket body and which is actuated by a hammer during the impact on a target. Thus the hammer is projected towards the piezoelectric generator during a shock on the cap of the rocket. With such a concept the shock received by the generator is also too short.
  • the patent WO-85/03345 also described a percussion fuse including a piezoelectric generator and means for increasing the safety of use. This last means associates a coil of self induction and a spark gap. Thus, firing is only initiated when the rising edge of the received pulse exceeds a given amplitude.
  • the subject of the invention is an impact rocket comprising a body enclosing a piezoelectric generator placed on a support integral with the body and forming an anvil, a rocket comprising a piston intended to exert a mechanical stress on the generator, a piston which receives the impact force transmitted by a cap, rocket characterized in that the piston is slidably mounted relative to the body and in that it comprises a plastically deformable means which is interposed between the cap and the body, which means is deformed by the displacement of the cap during the impact on a target, this displacement causing the displacement of the piston, the energy consumed by the deformation of the means thus making it possible to ensure a longer and more progressive crushing of the piezoelectric generator during the impact on a target.
  • the plastically deformable means may be constituted by a metal washer having at least one deformable crown.
  • the metal washer may comprise at least two crowns separated by a groove.
  • the washer may be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • Figure 1 shows a rocket 1 ogive for a projectile.
  • This rocket is intended to be put in place at a front end of a projectile (not shown), for example an artillery or tank shell or a mortar projectile.
  • the rocket 1 comprises a body 2 which has a threaded rear portion 2a which is screwed to the projectile and a front portion 2b ogivée.
  • the rear part 2a encloses an electronic circuit 3 which is connected, on one side to a piezoelectric generator 4, and on the other to a primer 5.
  • the piezoelectric generator 4 is placed in a housing 6 arranged at one end of the rear portion 2a of the body 2.
  • the rear portion 2a of the body 2 thus constitutes an anvil support.
  • the rocket 1 comprises a piston 7 which is slidably mounted in an axial bore 8 of the front portion 2b of the body 2.
  • the piston 7 is intended to come to exert a mechanical stress on the generator 4 and therefore has a face which bears against this generator.
  • the piston 7 is secured (for example by screwing) a cap 9 which extends the front portion 2b of the rocket body. During an impact on a target, the cap 9 transmits a force to the piston 7 which in turn communicates to the piezoelectric generator 4.
  • the piston is also partially immobilized in translation by a split elastic ring 13 which is arranged in a peripheral groove of the piston. This ring 13 prevents any extraction of the piston 7 out of his home. It does not, however, prevent the piston 7 from moving towards the generator 4.
  • the ring 13 could be replaced by a shoulder fitted on the piston 7.
  • the rocket comprises a plastically deformable means which is interposed between the cap 9 and the body 2.
  • This means is constituted by a metal washer 10 (made of aluminum or aluminum alloy) and which comprises at least one deformable crown 11. As is more particularly visible in Figure 2 the rings 11 are separated by circular grooves 12.
  • the material of the washer is chosen so as to be plastically deformable during a shock on a target. This means that the deformation of the washer is irreversible.
  • crowns 11 number and thickness
  • rigidity of the washer 10 ensures the immobilization of the piston 7 during the storage phases or during falls.
  • the crowns 11 are dimensioned so as to crash only during the impact on a target subsequent to an effective firing of the projectile.
  • the energy consumed by the deformation of the washer 10 makes it possible to ensure a longer and more progressive crushing of the piezoelectric generator 4. This results in a higher electrical voltage and a greater reliability of the initiation.
  • annular piston 7 associated with a piezoelectric generator also annular
  • annular to allow for example the establishment of a means of programming the operating mode at the axis of the rocket.

Abstract

The rocket impact (1) comprises a body (2) having a piezoelectric generator (4) placed on a support of the body, which forms an anvil, and a piston (7) to exert a mechanical constraint on the generator and to receive an effort transmitted by a cap. The piston slides with respect to the body. A plastic deformable unit is interposed between the cap and the body, where the unit is distorted by a movement of the body during the impact of the rocket on a target. An energy consumed by the distortion of the unit ensures a progressive pressing of the piezoelectric generator. The rocket impact (1), comprises a body (2) having a piezoelectric generator (4) placed on a support of the body, which forms an anvil, and a piston (7) to exert a mechanical constraint on the generator and to receive an effort transmitted by a cap. The piston slides with respect to the body. A plastic deformable unit is interposed between the cap and the body, where the unit is distorted by a movement of the body during the impact of the rocket on a target. An energy consumed by the distortion of the unit ensures a gradual collapse of the piezoelectric generator during the impact of rocket on the target. The plastic deformable unit is constituted by a metal washer (10). The metal washer has two deformable caps separated by a groove.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des fusées d'impact pour projectiles.The technical field of the invention is that of impact rockets for projectiles.

Il est connu de réaliser des fusées d'impact qui incorporent un générateur piézoélectrique qui engendre une tension électrique lors de l'impact de la fusée sur une cible.It is known to make impact flares that incorporate a piezoelectric generator that generates an electrical voltage during the impact of the rocket on a target.

Les générateurs piézoélectriques sont le plus souvent constitués par une ou plusieurs céramiques piézoélectriques empilées les unes sur les autres. Un tel générateur est mis en place sur un support solidaire du corps de fusée et qui forme une enclume lors du choc.Piezoelectric generators are most often constituted by one or more piezoelectric ceramics stacked on top of one another. Such a generator is placed on a support integral with the rocket body and which forms an anvil during impact.

La fusée comporte par ailleurs un piston qui vient exercer une contrainte mécanique sur le générateur lors du choc. Le brevet FR-1595412 décrit une telle fusée d'impact connue. La tension électrique obtenue est utilisée pour initier une amorce électrique.The rocket further comprises a piston which comes to exert a mechanical stress on the generator during the shock. The patent FR-1595412 describes such a known impact rocket. The resulting voltage is used to initiate an electrical primer.

Un des problèmes rencontrés avec les fusées connues est que, dans certaines configurations d'impact, la tension électrique engendrée peut s'avérer insuffisante pour assurer l'initiation de l'amorce.One of the problems encountered with known rockets is that, in certain impact configurations, the electrical voltage generated may be insufficient to ensure initiation of the primer.

Cela est dû au fait que le choc reçu par le générateur est trop bref.This is because the shock received by the generator is too short.

Par ailleurs il est nécessaire d'assurer l'intégrité de ces fusées en évitant qu'un impact d'un niveau d'énergie donné relativement faible n'engendre une détérioration de l'enveloppe pouvant perturber la fiabilité.Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of these rockets by avoiding that an impact of a given relatively low energy level does not cause deterioration of the envelope that can disturb the reliability.

Les contraintes rencontrées sont donc relativement contradictoires. Il est d'une part nécessaire de permettre une déformation suffisante du générateur pour assurer une tension électrique nominale permettant l'initiation de l'amorce. Il est d'autre part nécessaire d'interdire la déformation du générateur lors d'un choc de niveau réduit.The constraints encountered are therefore relatively contradictory. It is first necessary to allow sufficient deformation of the generator to ensure a nominal electrical voltage for the initiation of the primer. It is also necessary to prohibit the deformation of the generator during a shock of reduced level.

Le brevet FR-2669416 décrit un dispositif d'amorçage qui comprend un générateur piézoélectrique solidaire du corps de fusée et qui est actionné par un marteau lors de l'impact sur une cible. Ainsi le marteau est projeté vers le générateur piézoélectrique lors d'un choc sur la coiffe de la fusée. Avec un tel concept le choc reçu par le générateur est également trop bref.The patent FR-2669416 discloses a priming device which comprises a piezoelectric generator integral with the rocket body and which is actuated by a hammer during the impact on a target. Thus the hammer is projected towards the piezoelectric generator during a shock on the cap of the rocket. With such a concept the shock received by the generator is also too short.

Le brevet WO-85/03345 décrit par ailleurs une fusée à percussion comportant un générateur piézoélectrique et un moyen permettant d'accroître la sécurité d'emploi. Ce dernier moyen associe une bobine de self induction et un éclateur. Ainsi on ne provoque la mise à feu que lorsque le front de montée de l'impulsion reçue dépasse une amplitude donnée.The patent WO-85/03345 also described a percussion fuse including a piezoelectric generator and means for increasing the safety of use. This last means associates a coil of self induction and a spark gap. Thus, firing is only initiated when the rising edge of the received pulse exceeds a given amplitude.

Le but recherché par ce brevet est différent de celui visé par l'invention puisqu'il s'agit ici de réaliser une liaison mécanique assurant une impulsion élevée et brève du piston sur le cristal.The purpose of this patent is different from that of the invention since it is here to achieve a mechanical connection ensuring a high and short pulse of the piston on the crystal.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer une fusée d'impact à générateur piézoélectrique ayant une fiabilité d'initiation améliorée tout en présentant une sécurité d'emploi optimale.It is the object of the invention to provide a piezoelectric generator impact rocket having improved initiation reliability while having optimum safety of use.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet une fusée d'impact comportant un corps renfermant un générateur piézoélectrique mis en place sur un support solidaire du corps et formant enclume, fusée comportant un piston destiné à venir exercer une contrainte mécanique sur le générateur, piston qui reçoit l'effort d'impact transmis par une coiffe, fusée caractérisée en ce que le piston est monté coulissant par rapport au corps et en ce qu'elle comporte un moyen plastiquement déformable qui est interposé entre la coiffe et le corps, moyen qui est déformé par le déplacement de la coiffe lors de l'impact sur une cible, ce déplacement entraînant le déplacement du piston, l'énergie consommée par la déformation du moyen permettant ainsi d'assurer un écrasement plus long et plus progressif du générateur piézoélectrique lors de l'impact sur une cible.Thus, the subject of the invention is an impact rocket comprising a body enclosing a piezoelectric generator placed on a support integral with the body and forming an anvil, a rocket comprising a piston intended to exert a mechanical stress on the generator, a piston which receives the impact force transmitted by a cap, rocket characterized in that the piston is slidably mounted relative to the body and in that it comprises a plastically deformable means which is interposed between the cap and the body, which means is deformed by the displacement of the cap during the impact on a target, this displacement causing the displacement of the piston, the energy consumed by the deformation of the means thus making it possible to ensure a longer and more progressive crushing of the piezoelectric generator during the impact on a target.

Le moyen plastiquement déformable pourra être constitué par une rondelle métallique comportant au moins une couronne déformable. La rondelle métallique pourra comporter au moins deux couronnes séparées par un sillon. Par ailleurs la rondelle pourra être réalisée en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium.The plastically deformable means may be constituted by a metal washer having at least one deformable crown. The metal washer may comprise at least two crowns separated by a groove. In addition, the washer may be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier e réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une fusée selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de face de la rondelle mise en oeuvre dans cette fusée.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a rocket according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the washer implemented in this rocket.

La figure 1 montre une fusée 1 d'ogive pour un projectile. Cette fusée est destinée à être mise en place au niveau d'une extrémité avant d'un projectile (non représenté), par exemple un obus d'artillerie ou de char ou un projectile de mortier.Figure 1 shows a rocket 1 ogive for a projectile. This rocket is intended to be put in place at a front end of a projectile (not shown), for example an artillery or tank shell or a mortar projectile.

La fusée 1 comporte un corps 2 qui présente une partie arrière 2a filetée qui se visse au projectile et une partie avant 2b ogivée. La partie arrière 2a renferme un circuit électronique 3 qui est relié, d'un côté à un générateur piézoélectrique 4, et de l'autre à une amorce 5.The rocket 1 comprises a body 2 which has a threaded rear portion 2a which is screwed to the projectile and a front portion 2b ogivée. The rear part 2a encloses an electronic circuit 3 which is connected, on one side to a piezoelectric generator 4, and on the other to a primer 5.

Ce circuit électronique ne fait pas l'objet de la présente invention et il ne sera donc pas décrit en détails.This electronic circuit is not the subject of the present invention and it will not be described in detail.

Le générateur piézoélectrique 4 est mis en place dans un logement 6 aménagé à une extrémité de la partie arrière 2a du corps 2. La partie arrière 2a du corps 2 constitue ainsi un support formant enclume.The piezoelectric generator 4 is placed in a housing 6 arranged at one end of the rear portion 2a of the body 2. The rear portion 2a of the body 2 thus constitutes an anvil support.

La fusée 1 comporte un piston 7 qui est monté coulissant dans un alésage axial 8 de la partie avant 2b du corps 2.The rocket 1 comprises a piston 7 which is slidably mounted in an axial bore 8 of the front portion 2b of the body 2.

Le piston 7 est destiné à venir exercer une contrainte mécanique sur le générateur 4 et il comporte donc une face qui est en appui contre ce générateur.The piston 7 is intended to come to exert a mechanical stress on the generator 4 and therefore has a face which bears against this generator.

Le piston 7 est rendu solidaire (par exemple par vissage) d'une coiffe 9 qui prolonge la partie avant 2b du corps de fusée. Lors d'un impact sur une cible, la coiffe 9 transmet un effort au piston 7 qui le communique à son tour au générateur piézoélectrique 4. Le piston est par ailleurs en partie immobilisé en translation par un anneau élastique fendu 13 qui est disposé dans une gorge périphérique du piston. Cet anneau 13 interdit toute extraction du piston 7 hors de son logement. Il n'empêche pas par contre le déplacement du piston 7 en direction du générateur 4. On pourrait remplacer l'anneau 13 par un épaulement aménagé sur le piston 7.The piston 7 is secured (for example by screwing) a cap 9 which extends the front portion 2b of the rocket body. During an impact on a target, the cap 9 transmits a force to the piston 7 which in turn communicates to the piezoelectric generator 4. The piston is also partially immobilized in translation by a split elastic ring 13 which is arranged in a peripheral groove of the piston. This ring 13 prevents any extraction of the piston 7 out of his home. It does not, however, prevent the piston 7 from moving towards the generator 4. The ring 13 could be replaced by a shoulder fitted on the piston 7.

Conformément à l'invention la fusée comporte un moyen plastiquement déformable qui est interposé entre la coiffe 9 et le corps 2. Ce moyen est constitué par une rondelle métallique 10 (réalisée en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium) et qui comporte au moins une couronne déformable 11. Comme cela est plus particulièrement visible sur la figure 2 les couronnes 11 sont séparées par des sillons circulaires 12.According to the invention the rocket comprises a plastically deformable means which is interposed between the cap 9 and the body 2. This means is constituted by a metal washer 10 (made of aluminum or aluminum alloy) and which comprises at least one deformable crown 11. As is more particularly visible in Figure 2 the rings 11 are separated by circular grooves 12.

Le matériau de la rondelle est choisi de façon à être déformable plastiquement lors d'un choc sur une cible. Cela signifie que la déformation de la rondelle est irréversible.The material of the washer is chosen so as to be plastically deformable during a shock on a target. This means that the deformation of the washer is irreversible.

Sont donc exclues pour réaliser la rondelle 10 les matières plastiques ou les matériaux qui restent (dans les conditions de chocs sur une cible) dans un domaine de déformation élastique.Are therefore excluded to achieve the washer 10 plastics or materials that remain (under the conditions of shocks on a target) in a field of elastic deformation.

L'Homme du Métier dimensionnera donc les couronnes 11 (nombre et épaisseur) en fonction des contraintes opérationnelles rencontrées. Par ailleurs la rigidité de la rondelle 10 assure l'immobilisation du piston 7 au cours des phases de stockage ou lors des chutes.The skilled person will therefore size the crowns 11 (number and thickness) according to the operational constraints encountered. Furthermore the rigidity of the washer 10 ensures the immobilization of the piston 7 during the storage phases or during falls.

Les couronnes 11 sont dimensionnées de façon à s'écraser uniquement lors de l'impact sur une cible consécutif à un tir effectif du projectile. L'énergie consommée par la déformation de la rondelle 10 permet d'assurer un écrasement plus long et plus progressif du générateur piézoélectrique 4. Il en résulte une tension électrique supérieure et une plus grande fiabilité de l'initiation.The crowns 11 are dimensioned so as to crash only during the impact on a target subsequent to an effective firing of the projectile. The energy consumed by the deformation of the washer 10 makes it possible to ensure a longer and more progressive crushing of the piezoelectric generator 4. This results in a higher electrical voltage and a greater reliability of the initiation.

Différentes variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Different variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Il est ainsi possible de faire varier la position axiale de la rondelle 10 par rapport au corps 2. On notera que plus la rondelle 10 se trouve en arrière plus la fusée voit sa sensibilité augmentée lors d'un impact rasant. On pourra par ailleurs prévoir une interface conique entre le piston 7 et la coiffe 9 (tout comme décrit par le brevet FR1595412 ).It is thus possible to vary the axial position of the washer 10 relative to the body 2. Note that the further the washer 10 is back plus the rocket sees its sensitivity increased during a grazing impact. We will be able elsewhere provide a conical interface between the piston 7 and the cap 9 (all as described by the patent FR1595412 ).

On pourra également réaliser un piston 7 annulaire (associé à un générateur piézoélectrique lui aussi annulaire) pour permettre par exemple la mise en place d'un moyen de programmation du mode de fonctionnement au niveau de l'axe de la fusée.It will also be possible to realize an annular piston 7 (associated with a piezoelectric generator also annular) to allow for example the establishment of a means of programming the operating mode at the axis of the rocket.

Claims (4)

Fusée d'impact (1) comportant un corps (2) renfermant un générateur piézoélectrique (4) mis en place sur un support solidaire du corps (2) et formant enclume, fusée comportant un piston (7) destiné à venir exercer une contrainte mécanique sur le générateur, piston qui reçoit l'effort d'impact transmis par une coiffe (9), fusée caractérisée en ce que le piston (7) est monté coulissant par rapport au corps (2) et en ce qu'elle comporte un moyen (10) plastiquement déformable qui est interposé entre la coiffe (9) et le corps (2), moyen qui est déformé par le déplacement de la coiffe (9) lors de l'impact sur une cible, ce déplacement entraînant le déplacement du piston (7), l'énergie consommée par la déformation du moyen (10) permettant ainsi d'assurer un écrasement plus long et plus progressif du générateur piézoélectrique (4) lors de l'impact sur une cible.Impact fuze (1) comprising a body (2) enclosing a piezoelectric generator (4) placed on a support integral with the body (2) and forming an anvil, a rocket comprising a piston (7) designed to exert a mechanical stress on the generator, piston which receives the impact force transmitted by a cap (9), rocket characterized in that the piston (7) is slidably mounted relative to the body (2) and in that it comprises a means (10) plastically deformable which is interposed between the cap (9) and the body (2), which means is deformed by the displacement of the cap (9) during the impact on a target, this displacement causing the displacement of the piston (7), the energy consumed by the deformation of the means (10) thus making it possible to ensure a longer and more progressive crushing of the piezoelectric generator (4) during the impact on a target. Fusée d'impact selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le moyen (10) plastiquement déformable est constitué par une rondelle métallique (10) comportant au moins une couronne (11) déformable.Impact fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (10) plastically deformable is constituted by a metal washer (10) having at least one deformable ring (11). Fusée d'impact selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la rondelle métallique (10) comporte au moins deux couronnes (11) séparées par un sillon (12).Impact fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal washer (10) has at least two rings (11) separated by a groove (12). Fusée d'impact selon une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que la rondelle (10) est réalisée en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium.Impact fuse according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the washer (10) is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
EP07290832A 2006-07-13 2007-07-02 Percussion fuse with piezoelectric generator Active EP1878995B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL07290832T PL1878995T3 (en) 2006-07-13 2007-07-02 Percussion fuse with piezoelectric generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0606449A FR2903772B1 (en) 2006-07-13 2006-07-13 IMPACT FUSE WITH PIEZOELECTRIC GENERATOR.

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EP1878995A2 true EP1878995A2 (en) 2008-01-16
EP1878995A3 EP1878995A3 (en) 2008-08-27
EP1878995B1 EP1878995B1 (en) 2011-02-16

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AT (1) ATE498817T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007012487D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2361441T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2903772B1 (en)
NO (1) NO336875B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1878995T3 (en)

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RU205478U1 (en) * 2021-03-09 2021-07-15 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Курганприбор" PIEZOGENERATOR EXPLOSER

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US20080011178A1 (en) 2008-01-17
ATE498817T1 (en) 2011-03-15
EP1878995A3 (en) 2008-08-27
PL1878995T3 (en) 2011-07-29
ES2361441T3 (en) 2011-06-17
US7661363B2 (en) 2010-02-16
EP1878995B1 (en) 2011-02-16
FR2903772B1 (en) 2010-10-22
NO20073609L (en) 2008-01-14
NO336875B1 (en) 2015-11-23
FR2903772A1 (en) 2008-01-18
DE602007012487D1 (en) 2011-03-31

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