EP1875036B1 - Device for extracting at least one type of gas contained in a drilling mud, an analysis arrangement and a related extraction method - Google Patents

Device for extracting at least one type of gas contained in a drilling mud, an analysis arrangement and a related extraction method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1875036B1
EP1875036B1 EP06755453A EP06755453A EP1875036B1 EP 1875036 B1 EP1875036 B1 EP 1875036B1 EP 06755453 A EP06755453 A EP 06755453A EP 06755453 A EP06755453 A EP 06755453A EP 1875036 B1 EP1875036 B1 EP 1875036B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
gas
pipe
extraction
pressure
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EP06755453A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1875036A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François EVRARD
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Geoservices Equipements SAS
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Geoservices Equipements SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/067—Separating gases from drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an extraction device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the analysis carried out continuously, comprises two main phases.
  • the first phase consists in extracting the gases transported by the sludge (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, helium and nitrogen).
  • the second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.
  • degassers with mechanical stirring of the aforementioned type ( FR-A-2,799,790 ) are used frequently.
  • the gases extracted from the sludge, mixed with the carrier gas introduced into the chamber, are conveyed by suction via the gas extraction pipe to an analyzer which allows the quantification of the extracted gases.
  • the degasser of the aforementioned type comprises means for introducing a carrier gas into the chamber.
  • the carrier gas flow rate is set at a determined value to obtain an acceptable transit time in the extraction line.
  • the rate of extraction of the gases from the sludge in the enclosure is affected by the presence of the carrier gas, especially when a large amount of gas is contained in the mud.
  • the transit time in the extraction pipe varies during the analysis, which affects its quality.
  • the main purpose of the invention is to provide an extraction device of the aforementioned type, reliability and constant accuracy regardless of the gaseous content of the drilling mud.
  • the subject of the invention is a device according to claim 1.
  • the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the features of claims 2 to 10.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly according to claim 11.
  • the invention also relates to a method for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud, according to claim 12.
  • the method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the features of claims 13 and 14.
  • upstream and downstream refer to the direction of normal flow of a fluid in a pipe.
  • An analysis assembly according to the invention is used, for example, in a drilling installation of an oil production well.
  • this installation 11 comprises a drill pipe 13 disposed in a cavity 14 pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and an analysis assembly 19 according to the invention.
  • the drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity 14 formed in the subsoil 21 by the rotary drilling tool.
  • This conduit 13 comprises, at the level of the surface 22, a wellhead 23 provided with a drain line 25.
  • the drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.
  • the drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.
  • the liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 which makes it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 22 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the liquid injection head 31 is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.
  • the surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.
  • the injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.
  • the vibratory screen 45 collects the drilled residue liquid that exits the drain line 25 and separates the liquid from the solid boreholes.
  • the analysis assembly 19 comprises means 51 for sampling the sludge, stitched on the drain line 25, a device 53 for extracting gas, and means 55 for analyzing the extracted gases.
  • the sampling means 51 are stitched into a liquid receiving tank into which the drain line 25 opens.
  • the sampling means are stitched into a tank of the sludge injection means 43.
  • the sampling means 51 comprise a liquid picking head 57 disposed projecting in the drain line 25, a connecting pipe 59, and a peristaltic pump 61 whose flow rate is adjustable.
  • the extraction device 53 comprises an enclosure 63, a pipe 65 for supplying mud into the enclosure 63, a pipe 67 for discharging the sludge of the enclosure 63, means 69 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 63, and a pipe 71 for extracting the gases extracted from the enclosure 63.
  • the enclosure 63 comprises a sealed container whose internal volume is for example between 0.4 liters and 3 liters.
  • This enclosure 63 comprises a lower part 73, in which the sludge circulates and an upper portion 75 which has a gaseous sky.
  • the chamber 63 is also provided with stirring means 77, comprising an agitator 79, projecting into the chamber 63 and driven in rotation by a motor 81 mounted on the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63.
  • agitator 79 comprises a stirring mobile 83 immersed in the sludge.
  • the mud feed pipe 65 extends between the outlet of the peristaltic pump 61 and an inlet opening 85 formed in the lower part 73 or upper 75 of the enclosure 63.
  • This feed line 65 may be provided with means for heating the sludge (not shown), in order to bring the temperature of this sludge to values of between 25 and 150 ° C., preferably between 60 and 90 ° C.
  • the evacuation duct 67 extends between an overflow passage 87 formed in the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63, and a retention tank 89 intended to receive the sludge discharged from the device 53.
  • the retention tank 89 is formed by a receiving tank 90 of the liquids extracted from the vibrating screen 45, shown in FIG. Figure 1 .
  • the discharge pipe 67 comprises successively an upstream portion 91 inclined downwards, which forms an angle of approximately 45 ° with the horizontal, a bent portion 93 forming a siphon, and a substantially vertical downstream portion 95, open at its lower end. 97 disposed opposite the tray 89, above the level of the liquid contained in the tray 89.
  • the sludge collected in the holding tank 89 and in the tank 90 is recycled to the injection means 43 via a sludge recirculation pipe 98.
  • the means 69 for introducing a carrier gas into the chamber comprise a source 111 of carrier gas, a conduit 113 for introducing carrier gas extending between the source 111 and an injection inlet 115 of vector gas in the enclosure, and means 117 for controlling the introduction of carrier gas into the chamber 63.
  • the carrier gas source 111 contains a neutral gas with respect to the analysis carried out in the analysis means 55.
  • This gas is, for example, substantially pure nitrogen, or substantially pure helium.
  • nitrogen as a carrier gas makes it possible to analyze, by a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer, certain non-hydrocarbon compounds contained in the sludge such as hydrogen sulphide.
  • helium makes it possible to analyze the nitrogen contained in the drilling muds.
  • the carrier gas in the source 111 is maintained at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, for example greater than 1.5 bar absolute.
  • a mass or volume flowmeter 119 is mounted on the introduction pipe 113 in the vicinity of the source 111, downstream of this source.
  • the vector gas injection inlet 115 opens opposite the overflow passage 87 in the upstream portion 91 of the evacuation pipe 67.
  • the control means 117 comprise a valve 121 with adjustable passage section mounted on the introduction pipe 113, a pressure sensor 123 disposed in the pipe 113 downstream of the valve 121, and a regulator 125.
  • the valve 121 is mounted on the introduction pipe in the vicinity of the inlet inlet 115, downstream of the flow meter 119.
  • a downstream section 127 of the pipe 113 connects the valve 121 to the inlet entry.
  • the length of this downstream section 127 is non-zero and for example between 5 cm and 200 cm.
  • the instantaneous fluctuations of the pressure of the chamber 63 are filtered in the downstream section 127 of the pipe 113.
  • the valve 121 is for example a valve valve type "all or nothing". Thus, the valve valve 121 is movable between an open position in which the passage section of the carrier gas in the valve 121 is maximum and a closed position in which this section is substantially zero.
  • the valve 121 comprises control means 131 of the valve between its open position and its closed position.
  • the sensor 123 is mounted at a point downstream of the valve 121.
  • the pressure sensor 123 is mounted in the downstream section 127 of the pipe 113, in the vicinity of the inlet 115, but away from this entry 115.
  • the regulator 125 comprises means 133 for calculating the difference between a determined gas extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor 123, a memory 135 containing a pressure difference threshold error value, and means 137. comparing the difference calculated by the calculation means 125 with the threshold error value stored in the memory 135.
  • the comparison means 137 are connected to the control means 131 of the valve.
  • the determined gas extraction pressure is for example equal to the atmospheric pressure.
  • the threshold error value is, for example, less than 2 mbar and advantageously equal to 0.1 mbar.
  • the vector gas injection inlet 115 opens directly into the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63.
  • the inlet 115 opens into the lower part 73 of the enclosure 63.
  • the carrier gas is then directly injected into the mud.
  • the pressure sensor 123 is placed in the upper part 75 or downstream of this part 75.
  • the extraction pipe 71 extends between an extraction opening 153 formed in the upper part 75 of the chamber and the analysis means 55. It comprises, from upstream to downstream, a volume flow regulator 155, a transport line 157 and suction means 159.
  • the flow regulator 155 is formed by a tube having a calibrated cross-sectional throat.
  • the pipe 71 comprises a filtration stage (not shown) interposed between the extraction opening 153 and the flow regulator 155.
  • the transport line 157 connects the enclosure 63 disposed in the vicinity of the wellhead 23, in an explosive zone, to the analysis means 55, disposed away from the wellhead 23, in a non-explosive zone, for example in a pressurized cabin (not shown).
  • the analysis means 55 are arranged in the vicinity of the enclosure 63, in an explosive zone.
  • This transport line 157 is preferably made of an inert material with respect to the gaseous compounds extracted from the sludge. It has for example a length of between 10 cm and 500 m.
  • the transmission line 157 is also provided, in the example shown, with a volume flowmeter 161.
  • the suction means comprise a vacuum pump 159 which allows suction conveying the gases extracted from the chamber to the analysis means 55.
  • the analysis means 55 comprise an instrumentation 171 which allows the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases and a computer 173, which makes it possible to determine the volume and the concentration of these gases extracted from the drilling mud.
  • the instrumentation 171 comprises, for example, infrared detection apparatus for the quantification of carbon dioxide, FID (flame ionization detector) chromatographs for the detection of hydrocarbons or TCD (thermal conductivity detector), depending on the gases to be measured. analyze. It also includes a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer, this system being designated by the abbreviation "GC-MS”. The simultaneous detection and quantification of a plurality of gases is therefore possible.
  • FID flame ionization detector
  • TCD thermal conductivity detector
  • the instrumentation 171 is connected to a stitching or bypass 175 on the line 157 situated upstream or downstream of the vacuum pump 159, in the vicinity of this pump 159.
  • the computer 173 is connected to the instrumentation 171, and to the respective flow meters 161 and 119 of the extraction pipe 157 and the introduction pipe 113.
  • the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41.
  • a drilling fluid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43.
  • the liquid descends to the drill head 27, and passes into the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33.
  • the liquid collects the solid cuttings resulting from the drilling and goes up through the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13, and is discharged through the drain line 25.
  • the liquid containing the cuttings then forms the drilling mud to be analyzed.
  • the peristaltic pump 61 is then activated, in order to collect, continuously, a determined fraction of the drilling mud circulating in line 25.
  • This fraction of sludge is conveyed to the chamber 63 via the supply line 65, and introduced into the enclosure.
  • the sludge introduced into the enclosure 63 via the supply line 65 is evacuated by overflow into the evacuation pipe 67 through the overflow passage 87. Furthermore, a portion of the evacuated sludge temporarily resides in the trap 93. of the evacuation pipe 67, which prevents the entry of gas into the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63 by the lower end 97 of the evacuation pipe 67.
  • the introduction of gas into the chamber 63 is therefore carried out only by means of introducing vector gas 69.
  • the agitator 79 is rotated by the motor 81, and agitates the sludge in the lower part 73 of the enclosure 63 to cause the extraction of the gases contained in the sludge, as well as the mixture of the extracted gases with the carrier gas. introduced by the injection passage 99.
  • the senor 123 measures the pressure in the introduction pipe 113, downstream of the valve 121. This pressure is substantially equal to the pressure in the chamber 63.
  • the calculation means 133 determine the difference between a determined pressure, for example the atmospheric pressure, and the instantaneous pressure measured.
  • the comparison means 137 compare at each instant, this difference to the threshold error value stored in the memory 135. If this difference is greater than the threshold error value stored in the memory 135, the comparison means 137 activate the control means of the valve 131 to pass this valve from its closed position to its open position.
  • a carrier gas flow rate is then introduced into the chamber 63 through the valve 121 and the inlet inlet 115.
  • the carrier gas introduced into the chamber 63 decreases the pressure difference between the determined pressure and the pressure in the chamber 63.
  • the comparison means 137 determine that the pressure difference is smaller than the threshold error value, they activate the control means 131 of the valve to move it from its open position to its closed position.
  • the gaseous mixture extracted from the enclosure 63 is conveyed via the extraction pipe 71 under the effect of the suction produced by the vacuum pump 159. This mixture is transported to the analysis means 55 where it is qualified. and quantified by the instrumentation 171 and the computer 173.
  • the calculation of the volume and the content of a specific gas extracted from the sludge at a given moment is made on the basis of the value measured by the instrumentation 171 at a subsequent time which depends on the transit time of the gas extracted in the extraction pipe 71, on the basis of the flow rate Q gas extracted from gas extracted from the sludge in the chamber 63 at the given instant calculated by formula (1) above, and on the basis of the flow rate Q m gas introduction line injected into the chamber 63, as measured by the flow meter 119 at a later time which depends on the time required for a solicitation of the valve 121 is perceived by the flow meter 119, at the other end of the introduction pipe 113.
  • the flow rate Q gas extracted from the gas extracted from the sludge in the chamber 63 is known at each instant, the analysis set 19 according to the invention thus makes it possible to perform the quantitative analysis of a part of the compounds extracted from the slurry. mud, without the need to perform quantitative analysis of all compounds extracted from the mud at any time.
  • the extraction pipe 71 is devoid of a flow meter 161.
  • the flow rate of gas flowing in the pipe 71 is kept constant by the flow regulator 155. The value of this flow rate is determined or confirmed by calibration. by circulating water in the enclosure 63 and by measuring the flow of carrier gas injected into the enclosure 63 by means of the flowmeter 119 on the introduction pipe 113.
  • the analysis assembly 19 is calibrated before it is connected to the installation 11.
  • the carrier gas source is replaced by a standard mixture of gas to be analyzed which is injected into the chamber 63, in which one circulates water or other fluid containing no gas to extract and neutral against the standard mixture.
  • the analysis parameters such as the determined gas extraction pressure and the flow rate of gas flowing through the regulator 155, are chosen to be substantially equal to those used later in the analysis of the sludge.
  • the senor 123 is mounted upstream of the extraction opening 153, for example in the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63.
  • the senor 123 is mounted in the extraction pipe 71, in the vicinity of the extraction opening 153, preferably upstream of the flow regulator 155.
  • the sensor 123 is mounted at a point of this pipe 71 such as the instantaneous difference between the pressure that prevails at this point and the pressure in the enclosure 63 is less than 200 mbar.
  • valve 121 is of the proportional type and comprises a gas flow orifice of adjustable section.
  • the method according to the invention comprises, at each moment, a step of controlling the gas passage section in the valve 121 as a function of the difference between the determined extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor 123.
  • the pressure in the chamber 63 is regulated substantially at the determined pressure, to the threshold error value. Consequently, whatever the variations in the gaseous content of the drilling mud, the pressure in the enclosure 63 remains substantially constant, and the gas extraction conditions in this enclosure 63 are substantially independent of the gaseous content of the sludge. The quantification of the gases contained in the drilling mud is therefore very precise.
  • the gas flow sucked through the extraction pipe 151 under the effect of the pump 159 is substantially compensated by the gas flow introduced through the pipe. introduction 113, which avoids clogging of the extraction pipe 171.
  • the transit time in the extraction pipe 71 is kept substantially constant regardless of the instantaneous amount of gas extracted from the sludge.
  • the extraction conditions in the device according to the invention are therefore automatically regulated, which increases its reliability.
  • the pressure in the enclosure 63 remains substantially identical, and the extraction of gas in the enclosure 63 is continued under substantially similar conditions.
  • the analysis assembly 19 can calculate the content of a given gas extracted from the sludge at each instant, without quantitatively calculating the content of all the extracted gases. mud.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract

A device (53) comprises an enclosure (63) and means (65, 67) for circulating a drilling mud in the enclosure (63). The inventive device is also provided with means (69) for introducing a gas carrier into the enclosure (63), which comprises a pipe (113) provided with a unit (121) for adjusting the gas carrier flowrate. The device (53) comprises a gas extracting pipe (71) open into the enclosure (63). The gas introducing means (69) comprise a sensor (123) for measuring a pressure at a point located downstream of the adjusting unit (121) and means (117) for controlling the flowrate of the gas carrier injected through said adjusting unit (121) according to the difference between a pressure measured by the sensor (123) and a determined gas extraction pressure.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'extraction selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to an extraction device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Lors du forage d'un puits de pétrole ou d'un autre effluent (notamment gaz, vapeur, eau), il est connu de réaliser une analyse des composés gazeux contenus dans les boues de forage émergeant du puits. Cette analyse permet de reconstituer la succession géologique des formations traversées lors du forage et intervient dans la détermination des possibilités d'exploitation des gisements de fluides rencontrés.When drilling an oil well or other effluent (in particular gas, steam, water), it is known to perform an analysis of the gaseous compounds contained in the drilling muds emerging from the well. This analysis makes it possible to reconstitute the geological succession of the formations traversed during the drilling and intervenes in the determination of the possibilities of exploitation of the deposits of fluids encountered.

Cette analyse, réalisée en continu, comprend deux phases principales. La première phase consiste à extraire les gaz véhiculés par la boue (par exemple composés hydrocarbonés, dioxyde de carbone, sulfure d'hydrogène, hélium et azote). La deuxième phase consiste à qualifier et quantifier les gaz extraits.This analysis, carried out continuously, comprises two main phases. The first phase consists in extracting the gases transported by the sludge (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, helium and nitrogen). The second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.

Dans la première phase, des dégazeurs à agitation mécanique du type précité ( FR-A-2 799 790 ) sont utilisés de manière fréquente. Les gaz extraits de la boue, mélangés avec le gaz vecteur introduit dans l'enceinte, sont convoyés par aspiration via la conduite d'extraction de gaz jusqu'à un analyseur qui permet la quantification des gaz extraits.In the first phase, degassers with mechanical stirring of the aforementioned type ( FR-A-2,799,790 ) are used frequently. The gases extracted from the sludge, mixed with the carrier gas introduced into the chamber, are conveyed by suction via the gas extraction pipe to an analyzer which allows the quantification of the extracted gases.

Pour régler le temps de transport des gaz extraits à travers la conduite d'extraction, le dégazeur du type précité comprend des moyens d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte. Le débit de gaz vecteur est réglé à une valeur déterminée pour obtenir un temps de transit acceptable dans la conduite d'extraction.To regulate the transport time of the gases extracted through the extraction line, the degasser of the aforementioned type comprises means for introducing a carrier gas into the chamber. The carrier gas flow rate is set at a determined value to obtain an acceptable transit time in the extraction line.

Toutefois, le contenu gazeux des boues de forage varie lors du forage. Ce contenu augmente notablement lorsque les moyens de forage atteignent une zone riche en hydrocarbures. Au contraire, ce contenu gazeux est sensiblement plus pauvre hors de ces zones.However, the gaseous content of drilling muds varies during drilling. This content increases significantly when the drilling means reach a zone rich in hydrocarbons. On the contrary, this gaseous content is substantially poorer outside these areas.

Compte tenu de l'introduction d'un débit déterminé de gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte, le taux d'extraction des gaz de la boue dans l'enceinte est affecté par la présence du gaz vecteur, notamment lorsqu'une quantité importante de gaz est contenue dans la boue. Par ailleurs, le temps de transit dans la conduite d'extraction varie lors de l'analyse, ce qui nuit à sa qualité.Given the introduction of a determined flow of carrier gas into the enclosure, the rate of extraction of the gases from the sludge in the enclosure is affected by the presence of the carrier gas, especially when a large amount of gas is contained in the mud. Moreover, the transit time in the extraction pipe varies during the analysis, which affects its quality.

De même, lorsque la quantité de gaz contenue dans la boue est faible ou nulle, le débit des gaz extraits à travers la conduite d'extraction n'est pas compensé totalement par le débit de gaz vecteur introduit, ce qui peut provoquer l'aspiration de la boue à travers la conduite d'extraction et l'engorgement du dispositif. US 4,635,735 décrit un dispositif du type précité et constitue l'état de l'art antérieur le plus proche.Similarly, when the amount of gas contained in the sludge is low or zero, the flow rate of the gases extracted through the extraction pipe is not fully offset by the flow of introduced carrier gas, which can cause the suction sludge through the extraction pipe and clogging the device. US 4,635,735 describes a device of the aforementioned type and constitutes the state of the closest prior art.

L'invention a pour but principal de fournir un dispositif d'extraction du type précité, de fiabilité et de précision constante quel que soit le contenu gazeux de la boue de forage.The main purpose of the invention is to provide an extraction device of the aforementioned type, reliability and constant accuracy regardless of the gaseous content of the drilling mud.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device according to claim 1.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 2 à 10.The device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the features of claims 2 to 10.

L'invention a également pour objet un ensemble selon la revendication 11.The invention also relates to an assembly according to claim 11.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé d'extraction d'au moins un gaz contenu dans une boue de forage, selon la revendication 12.The invention also relates to a method for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud, according to claim 12.

Le procédé selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 13 et 14.The method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the features of claims 13 and 14.

Un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la Figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d'une installation de forage, munie d'un ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention ; et
  • la Figure 2 est une vue schématique, en coupe verticale des principaux éléments de l'ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention.
An exemplary implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the Figure 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a drilling installation, provided with an analysis assembly according to the invention; and
  • the Figure 2 is a schematic view, in vertical section of the main elements of the analysis assembly according to the invention.

Dans tout ce qui suit, les termes « amont » et « aval » s'entendent par rapport au sens de circulation normal d'un fluide dans une conduite.In what follows, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the direction of normal flow of a fluid in a pipe.

Un ensemble d'analyse selon l'invention est utilisé par exemple dans une installation de forage d'un puits de production de pétrole.An analysis assembly according to the invention is used, for example, in a drilling installation of an oil production well.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 1, cette installation 11 comprend un conduit de forage 13 disposé dans une cavité 14 percée par un outil de forage 15 rotatif, une installation de surface 17, et un ensemble d'analyse 19 selon l'invention.As illustrated on the Figure 1 , this installation 11 comprises a drill pipe 13 disposed in a cavity 14 pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and an analysis assembly 19 according to the invention.

Le conduit de forage 13 est disposé dans la cavité 14 ménagée dans le sous-sol 21 par l'outil de forage 15 rotatif. Ce conduit 13 comporte, au niveau de la surface 22, une tête de puits 23 munie d'une conduite 25 de vidange.The drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity 14 formed in the subsoil 21 by the rotary drilling tool. This conduit 13 comprises, at the level of the surface 22, a wellhead 23 provided with a drain line 25.

L'outil de forage 15 comprend une tête de forage 27, une garniture de forage 29, et une tête 31 d'injection de liquide.The drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.

La tête de forage 27 comprend des moyens de perçage 33 des roches du sous-sol 21. Elle est montée sur la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage 29 et est positionnée dans le fond du conduit de forage 13.The drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.

La garniture 29 comprend un ensemble de tubes de forage creux. Ces tubes délimitent un espace interne 35 qui permet d'amener un liquide depuis la surface 22 jusqu'à la tête de forage 27. A cet effet, la tête d'injection 31 de liquide est vissée sur la partie supérieure de la garniture 29.The liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 which makes it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 22 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the liquid injection head 31 is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.

L'installation de surface 17 comprend des moyens 41 de support et d'entraînement en rotation de l'outil de forage 15, des moyens 43 d'injection du liquide de forage et un tamis vibrant 45.The surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.

Les moyens d'injection 43 sont reliés hydrauliquement à la tête d'injection 31 pour introduire et faire circuler un liquide dans l'espace interne 35 de la garniture de forage 29.The injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.

Le tamis vibrant 45 collecte le liquide chargé de résidus de forage qui sort de la conduite de vidange 25 et sépare le liquide des résidus de forage solides.The vibratory screen 45 collects the drilled residue liquid that exits the drain line 25 and separates the liquid from the solid boreholes.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 2, l'ensemble d'analyse 19 comprend des moyens 51 de prélèvement de la boue, piqués sur la conduite de vidange 25, un dispositif 53 d'extraction de gaz, et des moyens 55 d'analyse des gaz extraits. En variante, les moyens de prélèvement 51 sont piqués dans une cuve de réception du liquide dans laquelle débouche la conduite de vidange 25. Dans une autre variante, les moyens de prélèvement sont piqués dans une cuve des moyens d'injection de boue 43.As illustrated on the Figure 2 , the analysis assembly 19 comprises means 51 for sampling the sludge, stitched on the drain line 25, a device 53 for extracting gas, and means 55 for analyzing the extracted gases. In a variant, the sampling means 51 are stitched into a liquid receiving tank into which the drain line 25 opens. In another variant, the sampling means are stitched into a tank of the sludge injection means 43.

Les moyens de prélèvement 51 comprennent une tête 57 de prélèvement de liquide, disposée en saillie dans la conduite de vidange 25, une tubulure 59 de raccordement, et une pompe péristaltique 61 dont le débit est réglable.The sampling means 51 comprise a liquid picking head 57 disposed projecting in the drain line 25, a connecting pipe 59, and a peristaltic pump 61 whose flow rate is adjustable.

Le dispositif d'extraction 53 comprend une enceinte 63, une conduite 65 d'amenée de boue dans l'enceinte 63, une conduite 67 d'évacuation de la boue de l'enceinte 63, des moyens 69 d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte 63, et une conduite 71 d'extraction des gaz extraits hors de l'enceinte 63.The extraction device 53 comprises an enclosure 63, a pipe 65 for supplying mud into the enclosure 63, a pipe 67 for discharging the sludge of the enclosure 63, means 69 for introducing a carrier gas into the enclosure 63, and a pipe 71 for extracting the gases extracted from the enclosure 63.

L'enceinte 63 comporte un récipient étanche dont le volume interne est par exemple compris entre 0,4 litres et 3 litres. Cette enceinte 63 comprend une partie inférieure 73, dans laquelle la boue circule et une partie supérieure 75 qui présente un ciel gazeux. L'enceinte 63 est par ailleurs munie de moyens d'agitation 77, comprenant un agitateur 79, monté en saillie dans l'enceinte 63 et entraîné en rotation par un moteur 81 monté sur la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63. L'agitateur 79 comprend un mobile d'agitation 83 plongé dans la boue.The enclosure 63 comprises a sealed container whose internal volume is for example between 0.4 liters and 3 liters. This enclosure 63 comprises a lower part 73, in which the sludge circulates and an upper portion 75 which has a gaseous sky. The chamber 63 is also provided with stirring means 77, comprising an agitator 79, projecting into the chamber 63 and driven in rotation by a motor 81 mounted on the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63. agitator 79 comprises a stirring mobile 83 immersed in the sludge.

La conduite 65 d'amenée de boue s'étend entre la sortie de la pompe péristaltique 61 et une ouverture d'entrée 85, ménagée dans la partie inférieure 73 ou supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63.The mud feed pipe 65 extends between the outlet of the peristaltic pump 61 and an inlet opening 85 formed in the lower part 73 or upper 75 of the enclosure 63.

Cette conduite d'amenée 65 peut être munie de moyens de chauffage de la boue (non représentés), afin de porter la température de cette boue à des valeurs comprises entre 25 et 150°C, de préférence entre 60 et 90°C.This feed line 65 may be provided with means for heating the sludge (not shown), in order to bring the temperature of this sludge to values of between 25 and 150 ° C., preferably between 60 and 90 ° C.

La conduite d'évacuation 67 s'étend entre un passage 87 à débordement, ménagé dans la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63, et un bac de rétention 89 destiné à recevoir les boues évacuées du dispositif 53.The evacuation duct 67 extends between an overflow passage 87 formed in the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63, and a retention tank 89 intended to receive the sludge discharged from the device 53.

En variante, le bac de rétention 89 est formé par une cuve de réception 90 des liquides extraits du tamis vibrant 45, représentée sur la Figure 1.Alternatively, the retention tank 89 is formed by a receiving tank 90 of the liquids extracted from the vibrating screen 45, shown in FIG. Figure 1 .

La conduite d'évacuation 67 comprend successivement une partie amont 91 inclinée vers le bas, qui forme un angle de 45° environ avec l'horizontale, une partie coudée 93 formant siphon, et une partie aval 95 sensiblement verticale, ouverte à son extrémité inférieure 97 disposée en regard du bac 89, au-dessus du niveau du liquide contenu dans le bac 89.The discharge pipe 67 comprises successively an upstream portion 91 inclined downwards, which forms an angle of approximately 45 ° with the horizontal, a bent portion 93 forming a siphon, and a substantially vertical downstream portion 95, open at its lower end. 97 disposed opposite the tray 89, above the level of the liquid contained in the tray 89.

La boue collectée dans le bac de rétention 89 et dans la cuve 90 est recyclée vers-les moyens d'injection 43 par une conduite 98 de recirculation de boue.The sludge collected in the holding tank 89 and in the tank 90 is recycled to the injection means 43 via a sludge recirculation pipe 98.

Les moyens 69 d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte comprennent une source 111 de gaz vecteur, une conduite 113 d'introduction de gaz vecteur s'étendant entre la source 111 et une entrée d'injection 115 de gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte, et des moyens 117 de commande de l'introduction de gaz vecteur dans l'enceinte 63.The means 69 for introducing a carrier gas into the chamber comprise a source 111 of carrier gas, a conduit 113 for introducing carrier gas extending between the source 111 and an injection inlet 115 of vector gas in the enclosure, and means 117 for controlling the introduction of carrier gas into the chamber 63.

La source de gaz vecteur 111 contient un gaz neutre vis-à-vis de l'analyse effectuée dans les moyens d'analyse 55. Ce gaz est par exemple de l'azote sensiblement pur, ou de l'hélium sensiblement pur. L'utilisation d'azote comme gaz vecteur permet d'analyser par un système de chromatographie gaz couplé à un spectromètre de masse certains composés non-hydrocarbonés contenus dans la boue tels que le sulfure d'hydrogène. L'utilisation d'hélium permet d'analyser l'azote contenu dans les boues de forage.The carrier gas source 111 contains a neutral gas with respect to the analysis carried out in the analysis means 55. This gas is, for example, substantially pure nitrogen, or substantially pure helium. The use of nitrogen as a carrier gas makes it possible to analyze, by a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer, certain non-hydrocarbon compounds contained in the sludge such as hydrogen sulphide. The use of helium makes it possible to analyze the nitrogen contained in the drilling muds.

Le gaz vecteur dans la source 111 est maintenu à une pression supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, par exemple supérieure à 1,5 bars absolus.The carrier gas in the source 111 is maintained at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, for example greater than 1.5 bar absolute.

Un débitmètre massique ou volumique 119 est monté sur la conduite d'introduction 113 au voisinage de la source 111, en aval de cette source.A mass or volume flowmeter 119 is mounted on the introduction pipe 113 in the vicinity of the source 111, downstream of this source.

L'entrée d'injection de gaz vecteur 115 débouche en regard du passage à débordement 87 dans la partie amont 91 de la conduite d'évacuation 67.The vector gas injection inlet 115 opens opposite the overflow passage 87 in the upstream portion 91 of the evacuation pipe 67.

Les moyens de commande 117 comprennent une vanne 121 à section de passage réglable montée sur la conduite d'introduction 113, un capteur 123 de pression disposé dans la conduite 113 en aval de la vanne 121, et un régulateur 125.The control means 117 comprise a valve 121 with adjustable passage section mounted on the introduction pipe 113, a pressure sensor 123 disposed in the pipe 113 downstream of the valve 121, and a regulator 125.

La vanne 121 est montée sur la conduite d'introduction au voisinage de l'entrée d'introduction 115, en aval du débitmètre 119. Un tronçon aval 127 de la conduite 113 relie la vanne 121 à l'entrée d'introduction. La longueur de ce tronçon aval 127 est non-nulle et par exemple comprise entre 5 cm et 200 cm.The valve 121 is mounted on the introduction pipe in the vicinity of the inlet inlet 115, downstream of the flow meter 119. A downstream section 127 of the pipe 113 connects the valve 121 to the inlet entry. The length of this downstream section 127 is non-zero and for example between 5 cm and 200 cm.

Comme on le verra plus bas, les fluctuations instantanées de la pression de l'enceinte 63 sont filtrées dans le tronçon aval 127 de la conduite 113.As will be seen below, the instantaneous fluctuations of the pressure of the chamber 63 are filtered in the downstream section 127 of the pipe 113.

La vanne 121 est par exemple une vanne à clapet du type « tout ou rien ». Ainsi, le clapet de la vanne 121 est mobile entre une position ouverte dans laquelle la section de passage du gaz vecteur dans la vanne 121 est maximale et une position obturée dans laquelle cette section est sensiblement nulle.The valve 121 is for example a valve valve type "all or nothing". Thus, the valve valve 121 is movable between an open position in which the passage section of the carrier gas in the valve 121 is maximum and a closed position in which this section is substantially zero.

La vanne 121 comprend des moyens de pilotage 131 du clapet entre sa position ouverte et sa position obturée.The valve 121 comprises control means 131 of the valve between its open position and its closed position.

Le capteur 123 est monté en un point situé en aval de la vanne 121. Dans cet exemple, le capteur de pression 123 est monté dans le tronçon aval 127 de la conduite 113, au voisinage de l'entrée d'introduction 115, mais à l'écart de cette entrée 115.The sensor 123 is mounted at a point downstream of the valve 121. In this example, the pressure sensor 123 is mounted in the downstream section 127 of the pipe 113, in the vicinity of the inlet 115, but away from this entry 115.

Le régulateur 125 comprend des moyens 133 de calcul de la différence entre une pression d'extraction des gaz déterminée et la pression mesurée par le capteur 123, une mémoire 135 contenant une valeur d'erreur de seuil de différence de pression, et des moyens 137 de comparaison de la différence calculée par les moyens de calcul 125 à la valeur d'erreur de seuil stockée dans la mémoire 135. Les moyens de comparaison 137 sont reliés aux moyens de pilotage 131 du clapet.The regulator 125 comprises means 133 for calculating the difference between a determined gas extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor 123, a memory 135 containing a pressure difference threshold error value, and means 137. comparing the difference calculated by the calculation means 125 with the threshold error value stored in the memory 135. The comparison means 137 are connected to the control means 131 of the valve.

La pression d'extraction de gaz déterminée est par exemple égale à la pression atmosphérique.The determined gas extraction pressure is for example equal to the atmospheric pressure.

La valeur d'erreur de seuil est par exemple inférieure à 2 mbar et avantageusement égale à 0,1 mbar.The threshold error value is, for example, less than 2 mbar and advantageously equal to 0.1 mbar.

En variante, l'entrée d'injection de gaz vecteur 115 débouche directement dans la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63. Dans une autre variante, l'entrée 115 débouche dans la partie inférieure 73 de l'enceinte 63. Le gaz vecteur est alors directement injecté dans la boue. Dans cette variante, le capteur de pression 123 est placé dans la partie supérieure 75 ou en aval de cette partie 75.In a variant, the vector gas injection inlet 115 opens directly into the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63. In another variant, the inlet 115 opens into the lower part 73 of the enclosure 63. The carrier gas is then directly injected into the mud. In this variant, the pressure sensor 123 is placed in the upper part 75 or downstream of this part 75.

La conduite d'extraction 71 s'étend entre une ouverture d'extraction 153 ménagée dans la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte et les moyens d'analyse 55. Elle comprend, d'amont en aval, un régulateur 155 de débit volumique, une ligne de transport 157 et des moyens d'aspiration 159.The extraction pipe 71 extends between an extraction opening 153 formed in the upper part 75 of the chamber and the analysis means 55. It comprises, from upstream to downstream, a volume flow regulator 155, a transport line 157 and suction means 159.

Le régulateur de débit 155 est formé par un tube présentant un étranglement de section transversale calibrée.The flow regulator 155 is formed by a tube having a calibrated cross-sectional throat.

En variante, la conduite 71 comprend un étage de filtration (non représenté) interposé entre l'ouverture d'extraction 153 et le régulateur de débit 155.In a variant, the pipe 71 comprises a filtration stage (not shown) interposed between the extraction opening 153 and the flow regulator 155.

La ligne de transport 157 relie l'enceinte 63 disposée au voisinage de la tête de puits 23, en zone explosive, aux moyens d'analyse 55, disposés à l'écart de la tête de puits 23, dans une zone non-explosive, par exemple dans une cabine pressurisée (non-représentée).The transport line 157 connects the enclosure 63 disposed in the vicinity of the wellhead 23, in an explosive zone, to the analysis means 55, disposed away from the wellhead 23, in a non-explosive zone, for example in a pressurized cabin (not shown).

En variante, les moyens d'analyse 55 sont disposés au voisinage de l'enceinte 63, en zone explosive.In a variant, the analysis means 55 are arranged in the vicinity of the enclosure 63, in an explosive zone.

Cette ligne de transport 157 est de préférence réalisée à base d'un matériau inerte en regard des composés gazeux extraits de la boue. Elle présente par exemple une longueur variant entre 10 cm et 500 m. La ligne de transport 157 est par ailleurs munie, dans l'exemple représenté, d'un débitmètre volumique 161.This transport line 157 is preferably made of an inert material with respect to the gaseous compounds extracted from the sludge. It has for example a length of between 10 cm and 500 m. The transmission line 157 is also provided, in the example shown, with a volume flowmeter 161.

Les moyens d'aspiration comprennent une pompe à vide 159 qui permet le convoyage par aspiration des gaz extraits de l'enceinte jusqu'aux moyens d'analyse 55.The suction means comprise a vacuum pump 159 which allows suction conveying the gases extracted from the chamber to the analysis means 55.

Les moyens d'analyse 55 comprennent une instrumentation 171 qui permet la détection et la quantification d'un ou plusieurs gaz extraits et un calculateur 173, qui permet de déterminer le volume et la concentration de ces gaz extraits de la boue de forage.The analysis means 55 comprise an instrumentation 171 which allows the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases and a computer 173, which makes it possible to determine the volume and the concentration of these gases extracted from the drilling mud.

L'instrumentation 171 comprend par exemple des appareils à détection infrarouge pour la quantification du dioxyde de carbone, des chromatographes FID (détecteur à ionisation de flammes) pour la détection des hydrocarbures ou encore TCD (détecteur à conductivité thermique), en fonction des gaz à analyser. Elle comprend également un système de chromatographie gaz couplé à un spectromètre de masse, ce système étant désigné par l'abréviation anglaise « GC-MS ». La détection et la quantification simultanée d'une pluralité de gaz est donc possible.The instrumentation 171 comprises, for example, infrared detection apparatus for the quantification of carbon dioxide, FID (flame ionization detector) chromatographs for the detection of hydrocarbons or TCD (thermal conductivity detector), depending on the gases to be measured. analyze. It also includes a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer, this system being designated by the abbreviation "GC-MS". The simultaneous detection and quantification of a plurality of gases is therefore possible.

L'instrumentation 171 est reliée à un piquage ou à une dérivation 175 sur la ligne 157 situé en amont ou en aval de la pompe à vide 159, au voisinage de cette pompe 159.The instrumentation 171 is connected to a stitching or bypass 175 on the line 157 situated upstream or downstream of the vacuum pump 159, in the vicinity of this pump 159.

Le calculateur 173 est relié à l'instrumentation 171, et aux débitmètres respectifs 161 et 119 de la conduite d'extraction 157 et de la conduite d'introduction 113.The computer 173 is connected to the instrumentation 171, and to the respective flow meters 161 and 119 of the extraction pipe 157 and the introduction pipe 113.

Le fonctionnement de l'ensemble d'analyse 19 selon l'invention, lors du forage d'un puits va maintenant être décrit comme exemple, en référence à la Figure 1.The operation of the analysis assembly 19 according to the invention, during the drilling of a well will now be described as an example, with reference to the Figure 1 .

Pour effectuer le forage, l'outil de forage 15 est entraîné en rotation par l'installation de surface 41. Un liquide de forage est introduit dans l'espace intérieur 35 de la garniture de forage 29 par les moyens d'injection 43. Ce liquide descend jusqu'à la tête de forage 27, et passe dans le conduit de forage 13 à travers la tête de forage 27. Ce liquide refroidit et lubrifie les moyens de perçage 33. Puis, le liquide collecte les déblais solides résultant du forage et remonte par l'espace annulaire défini entre la garniture de forage 29 et les parois du conduit de forage 13, puis est évacué par la conduite de vidange 25. Le liquide contenant les déblais forme alors la boue de forage à analyser.To perform the drilling, the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41. A drilling fluid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43. The liquid descends to the drill head 27, and passes into the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33. Then, the liquid collects the solid cuttings resulting from the drilling and goes up through the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13, and is discharged through the drain line 25. The liquid containing the cuttings then forms the drilling mud to be analyzed.

En référence à la Figure 2, la pompe péristaltique 61 est alors activée, afin de prélever, de manière continue, une fraction déterminée de la boue de forage circulant dans la conduite 25.With reference to the Figure 2 , the peristaltic pump 61 is then activated, in order to collect, continuously, a determined fraction of the drilling mud circulating in line 25.

Cette fraction de boue est convoyée jusqu'à l'enceinte 63 via la conduite d'amenée 65, et introduite dans l'enceinte.This fraction of sludge is conveyed to the chamber 63 via the supply line 65, and introduced into the enclosure.

La boue introduite dans l'enceinte 63 via la conduite d'amenée 65, est évacuée par débordement dans la conduite d'évacuation 67 à travers le passage à débordement 87. Par ailleurs, une partie de la boue évacuée réside temporairement dans le siphon 93 de la conduite d'évacuation 67, ce qui évite l'entrée de gaz dans la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63 par l'extrémité inférieure 97 de la conduite d'évacuation 67. L'introduction de gaz dans l'enceinte 63 s'effectue donc uniquement par les moyens d'introduction de gaz vecteur 69.The sludge introduced into the enclosure 63 via the supply line 65 is evacuated by overflow into the evacuation pipe 67 through the overflow passage 87. Furthermore, a portion of the evacuated sludge temporarily resides in the trap 93. of the evacuation pipe 67, which prevents the entry of gas into the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63 by the lower end 97 of the evacuation pipe 67. The introduction of gas into the chamber 63 is therefore carried out only by means of introducing vector gas 69.

L'agitateur 79 est entraîné en rotation par le moteur 81, et agite la boue dans la partie inférieure 73 de l'enceinte 63 pour provoquer l'extraction des gaz contenus dans la boue, ainsi que le mélange des gaz extraits avec le gaz vecteur introduit par le passage d'injection 99.The agitator 79 is rotated by the motor 81, and agitates the sludge in the lower part 73 of the enclosure 63 to cause the extraction of the gases contained in the sludge, as well as the mixture of the extracted gases with the carrier gas. introduced by the injection passage 99.

A chaque instant, le capteur 123 mesure la pression dans la conduite d'introduction 113, en aval de la vanne 121. Cette pression est sensiblement égale à la pression dans l'enceinte 63.At each instant, the sensor 123 measures the pressure in the introduction pipe 113, downstream of the valve 121. This pressure is substantially equal to the pressure in the chamber 63.

Les moyens de calcul 133 déterminent la différence entre une pression déterminée, par exemple la pression atmosphérique, et la pression instantanée mesurée.The calculation means 133 determine the difference between a determined pressure, for example the atmospheric pressure, and the instantaneous pressure measured.

Les moyens de comparaison 137 comparent à chaque instant, cette différence à la valeur d'erreur de seuil stockée dans la mémoire 135. Si cette différence est supérieure à la valeur d'erreur de seuil stockée dans la mémoire 135, les moyens de comparaison 137 activent les moyens de pilotage du clapet 131 pour passer ce clapet de sa position obturée à sa position ouverte.The comparison means 137 compare at each instant, this difference to the threshold error value stored in the memory 135. If this difference is greater than the threshold error value stored in the memory 135, the comparison means 137 activate the control means of the valve 131 to pass this valve from its closed position to its open position.

La pression dans la source de gaz 111 étant supérieure à la pression d'extraction de gaz choisie, un débit de gaz vecteur est alors introduit dans l'enceinte 63 à travers la vanne 121 et l'entrée d'introduction 115. Le gaz vecteur introduit dans l'enceinte 63 diminue la différence de pression entre la pression déterminée et la pression dans l'enceinte 63.As the pressure in the gas source 111 is greater than the selected gas extraction pressure, a carrier gas flow rate is then introduced into the chamber 63 through the valve 121 and the inlet inlet 115. The carrier gas introduced into the chamber 63 decreases the pressure difference between the determined pressure and the pressure in the chamber 63.

Lorsque les moyens de comparaison 137 déterminent que la différence de pression est inférieure à la valeur d'erreur de seuil, ils activent les moyens de pilotage 131 du clapet pour le passer de sa position ouverte à sa position obturée.When the comparison means 137 determine that the pressure difference is smaller than the threshold error value, they activate the control means 131 of the valve to move it from its open position to its closed position.

Le mélange gazeux extrait de l'enceinte 63 est convoyé via la conduite d'extraction 71 sous l'effet de l'aspiration produite par la pompe à vide 159. Ce mélange est transporté jusqu'aux moyens d'analyse 55 où il est qualifié et quantifié par l'instrumentation 171 et le calculateur 173.The gaseous mixture extracted from the enclosure 63 is conveyed via the extraction pipe 71 under the effect of the suction produced by the vacuum pump 159. This mixture is transported to the analysis means 55 where it is qualified. and quantified by the instrumentation 171 and the computer 173.

Lors de cette quantification, le débit Qgaz extrait de gaz extrait de la boue est calculé, à chaque instant, par la formule suivante: Q gaz extrait = Q m conduite dʹextraction - Q m conduite dʹintroduction

Figure imgb0001

où Q m conduite d'extraction est le débit de gaz mesuré par le débitmètre 161 sur la conduite d'extraction 71 et Qm conduite d'introduction est le débit de gaz mesuré par le débitmètre 119 sur la conduite d'introduction 113.During this quantification, the flow rate Q gas extracted from gas extracted from the sludge is calculated, at each instant, by the following formula: Q extracted gas = Q m extraction pipe - Q m introductory driving
Figure imgb0001
where Q m extraction line is the flow rate of gas measured by the flowmeter 161 on the extraction line 71 and Q m introduction line is the gas flow rate measured by the flow meter 119 on the introduction line 113.

Le calcul du volume et de la teneur en un gaz déterminé extrait de la boue, à un instant donné, est effectué sur la base de la valeur mesurée par l'instrumentation 171 à un instant ultérieur qui dépend du temps de transit du gaz extrait dans la conduite d'extraction 71, sur la base du débit Qgaz extrait de gaz extrait de la boue dans l'enceinte 63 à l'instant donné calculé par la formule (1) ci-dessus, et sur la base du débit Qm conduite d'introduction de gaz injecté dans l'enceinte 63, tel que mesuré par le débitmètre 119 à un instant ultérieur qui dépend du temps nécessaire pour qu'une sollicitation de la vanne 121 soit perçue par le débitmètre 119, à l'autre extrémité de la conduite d'introduction 113.The calculation of the volume and the content of a specific gas extracted from the sludge at a given moment is made on the basis of the value measured by the instrumentation 171 at a subsequent time which depends on the transit time of the gas extracted in the extraction pipe 71, on the basis of the flow rate Q gas extracted from gas extracted from the sludge in the chamber 63 at the given instant calculated by formula (1) above, and on the basis of the flow rate Q m gas introduction line injected into the chamber 63, as measured by the flow meter 119 at a later time which depends on the time required for a solicitation of the valve 121 is perceived by the flow meter 119, at the other end of the introduction pipe 113.

Le débit Qgaz extrait de gaz extrait de la boue dans l'enceinte 63 étant connu à chaque instant, l'ensemble d'analyse 19 selon l'invention permet donc de réaliser l'analyse quantitative d'une partie des composés extraits de la boue, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de réaliser l'analyse quantitative de tous les composés extraits de la boue à chaque instant.The flow rate Q gas extracted from the gas extracted from the sludge in the chamber 63 is known at each instant, the analysis set 19 according to the invention thus makes it possible to perform the quantitative analysis of a part of the compounds extracted from the slurry. mud, without the need to perform quantitative analysis of all compounds extracted from the mud at any time.

Dans une variante, la conduite d'extraction 71 est dépourvue de débitmètre 161. Dans cette variante, le débit de gaz circulant dans la conduite 71 est maintenu constant par le régulateur de débit 155. La valeur de ce débit est déterminée ou confirmée par calibration en faisant circuler de l'eau dans l'enceinte 63 et en mesurant le débit de gaz vecteur injecté dans la l'enceinte 63 à l'aide du débitmètre 119 sur la conduite d'introduction 113.In a variant, the extraction pipe 71 is devoid of a flow meter 161. In this variant, the flow rate of gas flowing in the pipe 71 is kept constant by the flow regulator 155. The value of this flow rate is determined or confirmed by calibration. by circulating water in the enclosure 63 and by measuring the flow of carrier gas injected into the enclosure 63 by means of the flowmeter 119 on the introduction pipe 113.

Dans une autre variante, l'ensemble d'analyse 19 est calibré avant son raccordement sur l'installation 11. La source de gaz vecteur est remplacée par un mélange étalon de gaz à analyser qui est injecté dans l'enceinte 63, dans laquelle on fait circuler de l'eau ou un autre fluide ne contenant pas de gaz à extraire et neutres en regard du mélange étalon. Les paramètres d'analyse, tels que la pression d'extraction de gaz déterminée et le débit de gaz circulant à travers le régulateur 155 sont choisis sensiblement égaux à ceux utilisés ultérieurement lors de l'analyse de la boue.In another variant, the analysis assembly 19 is calibrated before it is connected to the installation 11. The carrier gas source is replaced by a standard mixture of gas to be analyzed which is injected into the chamber 63, in which one circulates water or other fluid containing no gas to extract and neutral against the standard mixture. The analysis parameters, such as the determined gas extraction pressure and the flow rate of gas flowing through the regulator 155, are chosen to be substantially equal to those used later in the analysis of the sludge.

En variante, le capteur 123 est monté en amont de l'ouverture d'extraction 153, par exemple dans la partie supérieure 75 de l'enceinte 63.In a variant, the sensor 123 is mounted upstream of the extraction opening 153, for example in the upper part 75 of the enclosure 63.

Dans une autre variante, le capteur 123 est monté dans la conduite d'extraction 71, au voisinage de l'ouverture d'extraction 153, de préférence en amont du régulateur de débit 155. Le capteur 123 est monté en un point de cette conduite 71 tel que la différence instantanée entre la pression qui règne à ce point et la pression qui règne dans l'enceinte 63 est inférieure à 200 mbar.In another variant, the sensor 123 is mounted in the extraction pipe 71, in the vicinity of the extraction opening 153, preferably upstream of the flow regulator 155. The sensor 123 is mounted at a point of this pipe 71 such as the instantaneous difference between the pressure that prevails at this point and the pressure in the enclosure 63 is less than 200 mbar.

Dans une autre variante, la vanne 121 est de type proportionnelle et comprend un orifice de circulation de gaz de section réglable. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend, à chaque instant, une étape de commande de la section de passage de gaz dans la vanne 121 en fonction de la différence entre la pression d'extraction déterminée et la pression mesurée par le capteur 123.In another variant, the valve 121 is of the proportional type and comprises a gas flow orifice of adjustable section. The method according to the invention comprises, at each moment, a step of controlling the gas passage section in the valve 121 as a function of the difference between the determined extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor 123.

Dans le dispositif 53 selon l'invention, la pression dans l'enceinte 63 est régulée sensiblement à la pression déterminée, à la valeur d'erreur de seuil près. Par suite, quelles que soient les variations du contenu gazeux de la boue de forage, la pression dans l'enceinte 63 reste sensiblement constante, et les conditions d'extraction des gaz dans cette enceinte 63 sont sensiblement indépendantes du contenu gazeux de la boue. La quantification des gaz contenus dans la boue de forage est donc très précise.In the device 53 according to the invention, the pressure in the chamber 63 is regulated substantially at the determined pressure, to the threshold error value. Consequently, whatever the variations in the gaseous content of the drilling mud, the pressure in the enclosure 63 remains substantially constant, and the gas extraction conditions in this enclosure 63 are substantially independent of the gaseous content of the sludge. The quantification of the gases contained in the drilling mud is therefore very precise.

De plus, le gaz vecteur utilisé n'étant pas prélevé dans l'atmosphère qui règne-autour du puits, toute pollution par des composés hydrocarbonés provenant de cette atmosphère est évitée.In addition, since the carrier gas used is not taken from the atmosphere around the well, any pollution by hydrocarbon compounds from this atmosphere is avoided.

Par ailleurs, lorsque le contenu gazeux de la boue est faible ou sensiblement nul, le débit gazeux aspiré à travers la conduite d'extraction 151 sous l'effet de la pompe 159 est sensiblement compensé par le débit gazeux introduit à travers la conduite d'introduction 113, ce qui évite l'engorgement de la conduite d'extraction 171.Moreover, when the gaseous content of the sludge is low or substantially zero, the gas flow sucked through the extraction pipe 151 under the effect of the pump 159 is substantially compensated by the gas flow introduced through the pipe. introduction 113, which avoids clogging of the extraction pipe 171.

Le temps de transit dans la conduite d'extraction 71 est maintenu sensiblement constant quelque soit la quantité instantanée de gaz extraite de la boue.The transit time in the extraction pipe 71 is kept substantially constant regardless of the instantaneous amount of gas extracted from the sludge.

Les conditions d'extraction dans le dispositif selon l'invention se régulent donc automatiquement, ce qui augmente sa fiabilité.The extraction conditions in the device according to the invention are therefore automatically regulated, which increases its reliability.

Ainsi, en cas de bouchage partiel du régulateur de débit 155 lors de l'analyse, la pression dans l'enceinte 63 reste sensiblement identique, et l'extraction de gaz dans l'enceinte 63 se poursuit dans des conditions sensiblement analogues.Thus, in the event of partial blockage of the flow regulator 155 during the analysis, the pressure in the enclosure 63 remains substantially identical, and the extraction of gas in the enclosure 63 is continued under substantially similar conditions.

Lorsque le capteur de pression 123 est disposé hors de l'enceinte 63 dans la conduite d'introduction 113, la régulation de la pression dans l'enceinte 63 est facilitée puisque les fluctuations instantanées de la pression de l'enceinte 63 sont filtrées dans le tronçon aval 127 de la conduite 113.When the pressure sensor 123 is disposed outside the enclosure 63 in the introduction pipe 113, the regulation of the pressure in the enclosure 63 is facilitated since the instantaneous fluctuations of the pressure of the enclosure 63 are filtered in the downstream section 127 of the pipe 113.

Lorsqu'un débitmètre 119 est monté sur la conduite d'introduction 113, l'ensemble d'analyse 19 peut calculer la teneur en un gaz donné extrait de la boue à chaque instant, sans calculer de manière quantitative la teneur de tous les gaz extraits de la boue.When a flowmeter 119 is mounted on the introduction pipe 113, the analysis assembly 19 can calculate the content of a given gas extracted from the sludge at each instant, without quantitatively calculating the content of all the extracted gases. mud.

Claims (14)

  1. Device (53) for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud, of the type comprising:
    - an enclosure (63);
    - means (65) for conveying the drilling mud into the enclosure (63);
    - means (67) for removing the drilling mud from the enclosure (63);
    - means (69) for admitting a carrier gas into the enclosure comprising a carrier gas admission pipe (113), connecting a source (111) of carrier gas to the enclosure (63), the admission pipe (113) being equipped with a regulating device (121) for regulating the flow of carrier gas circulating in the pipe (113); and
    - a gas extraction pipe (71) opening into the enclosure (63) via a gas extraction opening (153);
    characterised in that the means (69) for admitting the carrier gas comprise:
    - a sensor (123) for measuring an instantaneous pressure which is substantially identical to the pressure inside the enclosure (63) at a point located downstream of the regulating device (121); and
    - means (125) for controlling the regulating device (121) which are connected to the sensor (123) in order to control the flow of carrier gas injected into the enclosure (63) via the regulating device (121) at any moment in time as a function of the difference between the pressure measured by the sensor (123) and a specified gas extraction pressure.
  2. Device (53) according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor (123) is located upstream of the extraction opening (153).
  3. Device (53) according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the sensor (123) is located in the carrier gas admission pipe (113).
  4. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor (123) is located in the extraction pipe (71).
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the extraction pipe (71) comprises a flow regulator (155), the sensor (123) being located upstream of the flow regulator (155).
  6. Device (53) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the regulating device (121) is located close to the enclosure (63), the admission pipe (113) comprising a downstream section (127) of a length which is greater than zero located between the enclosure (63) and the regulating device (121).
  7. Device (53) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control means (125) comprise means (133) for calculating the difference between the specified extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor (123), means (137) for comparing the calculated difference from a threshold error value and means (131) for controlling the regulating device (121) as a function of the result obtained by the comparison means (137).
  8. Device (53) according to claim 7, characterised in that the threshold error value is less than 2 mbar.
  9. Device (53) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the admission pipe (113) comprises a flowmeter (119).
  10. Device (53) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas extraction pipe (71) is connected downstream to suction means (159).
  11. Assembly (19) for analysing the gases contained in a drilling mud, characterised in that it comprises:
    - an extraction device (53) according to any of the preceding claims;
    - means (51) for sampling drilling mud which are connected to the transfer means (65); and
    - analysis means (55) connected to the extraction pipe (71).
  12. Method for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud of the type comprising the following stages:
    - conveying the drilling mud into an enclosure (63);
    - admission of a carrier gas into the enclosure (63) via an admission pipe (113), this admission including regulation of the flow of carrier gas admitted into the enclosure (63) by a regulating device (121);
    - gas extraction from the enclosure (63) via an extraction pipe (71) opening in the enclosure (63) via a gas extraction opening (153); and
    - removal of the drilling mud from the enclosure (63);
    characterised in that the admission stage comprises:
    - instantaneous measurement of a pressure substantially equal to the pressure prevailing in the enclosure (63), at a point located downstream of the regulating device (121); and
    - at any moment in time, control of the flow of carrier gas injected into the enclosure (63) through the regulating device (121) as a function of the difference between the pressure measured and a specified gas extraction pressure.
  13. Process according to Claim 12, characterised in that control of the carrier gas flow comprises the following stages:
    - calculation of the difference between the specified extraction pressure and the pressure measured by the sensor (123);
    - comparison of the calculated difference from a threshold error value; and
    - control of the regulating device (121) as a function of the result obtained by the said comparison.
  14. Process according to Claim 13, characterised in that the threshold error value is less than 2 mbar.
EP06755453A 2005-04-27 2006-04-24 Device for extracting at least one type of gas contained in a drilling mud, an analysis arrangement and a related extraction method Not-in-force EP1875036B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0504249A FR2885165B1 (en) 2005-04-27 2005-04-27 DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING AT LEAST ONE GAS CONTAINED IN A DRILLING MUD, ANALYZING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING THE SAME
PCT/FR2006/000914 WO2006114512A1 (en) 2005-04-27 2006-04-24 Device for extracting at least one type of gas contained in a drilling mud, an analysis arrangement and a related extraction method

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EP1875036A1 EP1875036A1 (en) 2008-01-09
EP1875036B1 true EP1875036B1 (en) 2012-03-14

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US (1) US8677814B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1875036B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE549482T1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2885165B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2006114512A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2606415C (en) 2013-09-03
WO2006114512A1 (en) 2006-11-02
FR2885165A1 (en) 2006-11-03
CA2606415A1 (en) 2006-11-02
NO20075589L (en) 2007-11-26
FR2885165B1 (en) 2008-12-05
US20110094736A1 (en) 2011-04-28
ATE549482T1 (en) 2012-03-15
BRPI0612934A2 (en) 2010-12-07
EP1875036A1 (en) 2008-01-09
US8677814B2 (en) 2014-03-25

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