EP1618284B1 - Device for analysing at least one gas contained in a liquid, particularly bore fluid - Google Patents

Device for analysing at least one gas contained in a liquid, particularly bore fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1618284B1
EP1618284B1 EP04742533A EP04742533A EP1618284B1 EP 1618284 B1 EP1618284 B1 EP 1618284B1 EP 04742533 A EP04742533 A EP 04742533A EP 04742533 A EP04742533 A EP 04742533A EP 1618284 B1 EP1618284 B1 EP 1618284B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
liquid
membrane
pipe
installation
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EP04742533A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1618284A2 (en
Inventor
Jean-François EVRARD
Jérôme BREVIERE
Jean-Christophe Lasserre
José SANCHEZ MARCANO
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Geoservices Equipements SAS
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Geoservices SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data

Definitions

  • This analysis carried out continuously, comprises two main phases.
  • the first phase consists in extracting the gases conveyed by the sludge (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide).
  • the second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.
  • devices of the aforementioned type have been directly implanted in the drill pipe, upstream of the head of the well, as described in the patent US 5, 469, 917 .
  • These devices comprise a capillary tubular membrane.
  • sludge circulating around the membrane is laden with pieces of rock.
  • the membrane is wound on a threaded rod.
  • the protection of the membrane is then ensured by the threading of the support for pieces of rock having a size greater than the distance separating two consecutive threads of the threaded rod.
  • the main purpose of the invention is thus to provide a device for analyzing gases contained in a liquid containing debris of varied size, in particular a drilling fluid, installed directly in a conduit of a fluid extraction installation. in a basement, without significant constraints on the membrane, particularly with regard to the nature and geometry of the membrane.
  • the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that said first face has a hardness greater than 1400 Vickers (kgf / mm 2 ), especially between 1400 and 1900 Vickers (kgf / mm 2 ) .
  • the installation also relates to a fluid extraction facility in the basement of the type comprising a duct connecting at least one point of the basement to the surface, and a discharge pipe connected to the duct at the level of the surface, characterized in that it further comprises at least one device according to the characteristics described above, and in that the means for sampling said device are mounted on a tubular element constituted by the conduit or the evacuation pipe.
  • a device according to the invention is used for example in a drilling rig of a production well of oil.
  • this installation 11 comprises a drilling pipe 13 in a cavity pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and an analysis device 19 according to the invention mounted on the pipe of FIG. drilling 13.
  • the drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity drilled in the sub-floor 21 by the rotary drilling tool.
  • This duct 13 comprises at the level of the surface a wellhead 23 provided with a discharge pipe 25.
  • the drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.
  • the drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.
  • the liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 making it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 37 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the liquid injection head 31 is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.
  • the surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.
  • the injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.
  • the vibratory screen 45 collects the drilled residue liquid that exits the discharge line 25 and separates the liquid from the solid boreholes.
  • the analysis device 19 comprises a sampling head 51 of at least a fraction of the or each gas and analysis means 53 of the or each gas.
  • the sampling head 51 comprises a porous membrane member 55 whose first planar face 57 is in contact with the liquid flowing in the conduit 13 and a second face 59 opens into a pipe 61 connected to the means analysis 53.
  • the porous membranous member 55 comprises a membrane support 63 and a coating 65 which covers the support 63 on the liquid side along the first face 57.
  • This first face 57 is disposed in the conduit 13 parallel to the axis of elongation of the conduit 13, that is to say parallel to the flow of the liquid flow.
  • this first face 57 is disposed along a wall of the conduit 13 or slightly set back from this wall.
  • the membrane support 63 is made of a porous material, for example a ceramic.
  • the membrane support 63 is in the form of a disk.
  • the diameter of this support is substantially equal to 50 mm and its thickness is less than 10 mm.
  • Examples of materials that can be used to make the membrane support 63 are sintered stainless steel, metal fibers, or alumina.
  • the pore size of the membrane support 63 is between 0.01 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m depending on the desired application. Preferably, the pore diameter is chosen between 0.02 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the coating 65 which constitutes the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 comprises a thin layer based on silicon carbide deposited on the support 63.
  • the thickness of this layer is between 0.5 microns and 2 microns. This thin layer covers the surface of the support between the pores.
  • the membrane member 55 is permeable to all gases present in the sludge.
  • the hardness of the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 is greater than 1400 Vickers (kgf / mm 2). In the example described in the figures, this hardness is between 1400 and 1900 Vickers (kgf / mm2).
  • This thin layer thus protects the membrane member 55 against abrasion generated by rock fragments and drilling debris.
  • the coating 65 is modified by grafting fluorinated polymer chains having a strong hydrophobic and oleophobic character.
  • this grafting is carried out based on a perfluoroalkylethoxysilane.
  • This modification of the coating 65 makes it possible to make the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 hydrophobic and oleophobic.
  • the wetting angle of the water on the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 is greater than 120 ° and substantially equal to 130 °.
  • the membrane member 55 is thus impervious to the liquid flowing in the conduit, which contributes to limiting the clogging of the pores of the support with solid residues from this liquid.
  • the pipe 61 connecting the porous membrane member 55 and the analysis means 53 comprises a chamber 71 for receiving the gases, a pressure controller 73 in the chamber, means 75 for conveying the gases extracted from the reception chamber 71 until the analysis means 53 and the means 77 for filtering the extracted gases.
  • the receiving chamber 71 covers the second face 59 of the membrane member, facing the first face 57. It comprises a bell provided with an inlet orifice 79 and an outlet orifice 81 respectively connected to the means conveyor 75 and the pressure controller 73.
  • the pressure controller 73 in the chamber comprises elements 83 for measuring the differential pressure between the liquid in the conduit and the gas in the chamber in connection with a pressure regulator 85 mounted on the pipe downstream of the chamber.
  • This regulator 85 is controlled so that, when the device according to the invention is used for the analysis of the gases contained in the sludge, the pressure difference between the liquid flowing in the pipe 13 and the gas present in the receiving chamber 17 is substantially zero. This substantially zero pressure difference avoids the penetration of the liquid flowing in the conduit 13 into the membrane member 55.
  • the means for conveying the extracted gases comprise means 87 for introducing a carrier gas into the reception chamber 71 via the inlet orifice 79.
  • the carrier gas is, for example, nitrogen or air.
  • a mass flow rate regulator 89 sets the flow rate of the carrier gas entering the chamber 71 and consequently into the analysis means 53. therefore, the dilution of the extracted gases is constant as a function of time.
  • a volume flow meter 91 is mounted on the pipe 61 downstream of the filtration means 77 to measure the gas flow rate resulting from the carrier gas and the extracted gases.
  • the filtration means 77 are arranged on the pipe downstream of the pressure regulator 85. These filtration means 77 in particular eliminate the water vapor present in the extracted gases. They consist, for example, of a desiccator based on silicagel filter cartridges, a molecular sieve or a coalescer filter.
  • the analysis means 53 comprise an instrumentation 93 enabling the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases and a computer 95 for determining the concentration of gas in the liquid flowing in the conduit 13.
  • the instrumentation includes, for example, infrared detection devices for the quantification of carbon dioxide, FID (flame ionization detector) chromatographs for the detection of hydrocarbons or TCD (thermally conductive detector), depending on the gases to be analyzed. .
  • FID flame ionization detector
  • TCD thermalally conductive detector
  • This instrumentation 93 is placed in the explosive zone in the vicinity of the wellhead 23 (FIG. 1) to avoid conveying the gases over a long distance, which increases the accuracy of the measurement.
  • the analysis means further comprise a sensor 97 for measuring the temperature of the liquid flowing in the duct 13.
  • the computer 95 comprises a memory 99 containing calibration charts and a processor 101 for implementing a calculation algorithm.
  • Calibration charts are based on the temperature, flow, and characteristics of the sludge. They contain data that relate the concentration of one or more gases in the sludge to the concentration of gases extracted from that sludge through the membrane organ as measured by instrumentation.
  • the calculation algorithm determines the actual quantities of gas in the sludge from the measurements made by the instrumentation 93, the temperature measured in the conduit 13 by the sensor 97 and data contained in the memory 99.
  • the concentration of gases in the sludge is determined individually or cumulatively.
  • the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41.
  • a drilling liquid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43. This liquid down to the drill head 27, and passes into the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33. Then, the liquid collects the solid cuttings resulting from drilling and goes back by the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13. The flow of this liquid is substantially parallel to these walls.
  • the liquid therefore circulates continuously along the first face 57 of the membrane member 55.
  • a fraction of the gas present in the liquid is extracted through the membrane member 55 and enters the extraction chamber 71.
  • the controller 73 of Pressure in the chamber 71 is activated so that the differential pressure between the chamber 71 and the drill pipe 13 is substantially zero. Thus, penetration of the liquid into the membrane member 55 is avoided.
  • the extracted gases are then entrained by the carrier gas from the extraction chamber 71 through the outlet orifice 81, the pressure regulator 85 and the filtration means 77, to the analysis means 53.
  • the extracted gases are then analyzed by the instrumentation 63 and the computer 95 determines the actual concentration of the gas or gases analyzed in the drilling mud as a function of time.
  • the sampling head 51 is installed in a bypass 111 of the drilling pipe 13.
  • Isolation means such as an inlet valve 113 and an outlet valve 115 are provided at the ends of this branch 111, on either side of the head 51 to isolate this branch and easily disassemble the sampling head 51. In this configuration, the risk of deterioration of the membrane member 55 by mechanical contact or shock when introducing and circulating tools in the drill pipe 13 is minimized.
  • a recirculation pipe 121 is provided for conveying the liquid extracted at the vibrating screen 45 to the liquid injection means 43 in the interior space 35 of the drill string 29.
  • the measuring head 51 of the first device 19 is disposed on the discharge pipe 25 in the upstream part of this pipe, that is to say at the level of the wellhead 23.
  • the measuring head 51A of the second device 19A is disposed on the injection pipe 123 between the injection means 43 and the injection head 31. It is thus possible to quantify the difference between the gaseous content of the liquid at the outlet of the drilling pipe 13 and the gaseous content of the liquid reinjected after degassing on the filter screen 45.
  • the sampling head 51 comprises two porous membrane members 55, 55A.
  • Each porous membrane member 55, 55A is associated with a receiving chamber 71, 71A of the extracted gases, each comprising an inlet orifice 79, 79A and an outlet orifice 81, 81A.
  • the inlet of the first chamber is connected to the conveying means 75.
  • the outlet orifice 81 of the first chamber is connected to the inlet port 79A of the second chamber 71A via the pipe 61.
  • the carrier gas is fed into the first chamber 71 via the inlet orifice 79 of this first chamber 71.
  • This gas brings the extracted gases into the first chamber 71 to the second chamber 71A through the outlet orifice 81, the conduit 61 and the inlet port 79A of the second chamber 71A.
  • the second chamber 71A thus receives a mixture containing the gases extracted in the first chamber 71 and the carrier gas.
  • This mixture then receives the extracted gas in the second chamber 71A which enriches it in gas from the drilling pipe 13 and facilitates the detection of the gases extracted by the analysis means 53.
  • the support 63 of the porous membrane member has a face which has a hardness of greater than 1400 Kgf / mm 2 , especially between 1400 and 1900 Kgf / mm 2 , without a coating based on silicon carbide be necessary.
  • the membrane member of this type may be of ⁇ -alumina.
  • the membrane support is made of an organic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene and comprises a coating of silicon carbide.
  • heating means are located on the drilling pipe upstream of the device according to the invention relative to the direction of flow of the drilling fluid to facilitate the extraction of dissolved or free gases.
  • the device and the heating means are arranged in a branch in which the sludge circulates freely or in an assisted manner.
  • a device is obtained for accurate and continuous analysis of the gases contained in an abrasive liquid circulating in a drilling rig in a basement.
  • Membrane members of various types and geometries can be used in this device, depending on the characteristics of the drilling fluid and the configuration of the wellbore.
  • this device can be manufactured from membranes of simple geometries and easily available as flat discoid membranes.
  • This device is not selective and allows the analysis of individual or cumulative concentrations of a plurality of dissolved or free gases in the drilling fluid.
  • This device also has the advantage of minimizing the risk of damage to the device during the introduction and movement of objects in the drill pipe.
  • This device also makes it possible to greatly limit the clogging of the membranes and the resulting yield losses.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'analyse d'au moins un gaz contenu dans un liquide notamment un fluide de forage, circulant dans un conduit d'une installation d'extraction de fluides dans un sous-sol, ce dispositif étant du type comprenant :

  • des moyens d'analyse du ou de chaque gaz ;
  • des moyens de prélèvement d'au moins une fraction du ou de chaque gaz comprenant au moins un organe membranaire poreux, cet organe comportant un support et possédant une première face en contact avec le liquide circulant dans le conduit et une seconde face qui débouche dans une conduite reliée aux moyens d'analyse.
The present invention relates to a device for analyzing at least one gas contained in a liquid, in particular a drilling fluid, circulating in a conduit of a fluid extraction installation in a subsoil, this device being of the type comprising :
  • means for analyzing the or each gas;
  • means for sampling at least a fraction of the or each gas comprising at least one porous membrane member, this member comprising a support and having a first face in contact with the liquid flowing in the conduit and a second face which opens into a driving related to the means of analysis.

Lors du forage d'un puits de pétrole ou d'un autre effluent (notamment gaz, vapeur, eau), il est connu de réaliser une analyse des composés gazeux contenus dans les boues de forage émergeant du puits. Cette analyse permet de reconstituer la succession géologique des formations traversées lors du forage et intervient dans la détermination des possibilités d'exploitation des gisements de fluides rencontrés.When drilling an oil well or other effluent (in particular gas, steam, water), it is known to perform an analysis of the gaseous compounds contained in the drilling muds emerging from the well. This analysis makes it possible to reconstitute the geological succession of the formations traversed during the drilling and intervenes in the determination of the possibilities of exploitation of the deposits of fluids encountered.

Cette analyse, réalisée en continu, comprend deux phases principales. La première phase consiste à extraire les gaz véhiculés par la boue (par exemple composés hydrocarbonés, dioxyde de carbone, sulfure d'hydrogène). La deuxième phase consiste à qualifier et quantifier les gaz extraits.This analysis, carried out continuously, comprises two main phases. The first phase consists in extracting the gases conveyed by the sludge (for example hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide). The second phase consists in qualifying and quantifying the extracted gases.

A cet effet, des dégazeurs à agitation mécanique sont fréquemment utilisés. Cependant, en raison de leur encombrement, ces dégazeurs doivent être implantés à l'écart du puits, en général à proximité d'un tamis vibrant, en aval de la tête de puits. Les boues sont convoyées depuis la tête de puits jusqu'au dégazeur par une goulotte qui peut être ouverte à l'atmosphère. Ainsi, une partie des composés gazeux présents dans la boue se libère dans l'atmosphère durant le trajet dans cette conduite. L'analyse des gaz au niveau du dégazeur à agitation mécanique n'est donc pas représentative du contenu gazeux de la boue dans le puits.For this purpose, mechanically agitated degassers are frequently used. However, because of their bulk, these degassers must be located away from the well, generally near a vibrating screen, downstream of the wellhead. The sludge is conveyed from the wellhead to the deaerator through a chute that can be opened to the atmosphere. Thus, a part of the gaseous compounds present in the sludge is released into the atmosphere during the journey in this pipe. The gas analysis at the mechanical stirrer degasser is therefore not representative of the gaseous content of the sludge in the well.

Pour résoudre ce problème, des dispositifs du type précité ont été directement implantés dans le conduit de forage, en amont de la tête de puits, comme décrit dans le brevet US 5, 469, 917 . Ces dispositifs comprennent une membrane tubulaire capillaire. Cependant, les boues qui circulent autour de la membrane sont chargées de morceaux de roches.To solve this problem, devices of the aforementioned type have been directly implanted in the drill pipe, upstream of the head of the well, as described in the patent US 5, 469, 917 . These devices comprise a capillary tubular membrane. However, sludge circulating around the membrane is laden with pieces of rock.

Le brevet US 3,673,864 décrit un dispositif d'analyse correspondant au préambule de la revendication 1.The US Patent 3,673,864 describes an analysis device corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.

Pour éviter la dégradation de la membrane tubulaire sous l'effet des chocs avec ces morceaux de roche, la membrane est enroulée sur une tige filetée. La protection de la membrane est alors assurée par le filetage du support pour des morceaux de roche ayant une taille supérieure à la distance qui sépare deux filets consécutifs de la tige filetée.To avoid the degradation of the tubular membrane under the effect of shocks with these pieces of rock, the membrane is wound on a threaded rod. The protection of the membrane is then ensured by the threading of the support for pieces of rock having a size greater than the distance separating two consecutive threads of the threaded rod.

Ces dispositifs ne donnent pas entière satisfaction. En effet, pour enrouler la membrane autour de la tige filetée et assurer ainsi sa protection, certaines contraintes sont nécessaires sur la membrane. Ainsi, une membrane de géométrie tubulaire doit être utilisée pour pouvoir s'enrouler entre les filets de la tige filetée. Par ailleurs, la membrane doit être relativement souple. Par conséquent, seule une membrane à base de matériaux organiques est utilisable dans ces dispositifs. Or, les membranes organiques présentent une résistance à la température et une compatibilité chimique qui n'est pas suffisante dans certaines applications.These devices are not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, to wind the membrane around the threaded rod and thus ensure its protection, some constraints are needed on the membrane. Thus, a membrane of tubular geometry must be used to be able to wind between the threads of the threaded rod. In addition, the membrane must be relatively flexible. Therefore, only a membrane based on organic materials can be used in these devices. However, organic membranes have a temperature resistance and chemical compatibility that is not sufficient in some applications.

L'invention a donc pour but principal de disposer d'un dispositif d'analyse des gaz contenus dans un liquide contenant des débris de taille variée, notamment un fluide de forage, installé directement dans un conduit d'une installation d'extraction de fluides dans un sous-sol, sans contraintes importantes sur la membrane, notamment en ce qui concerne la nature et la géométrie de la membrane.The main purpose of the invention is thus to provide a device for analyzing gases contained in a liquid containing debris of varied size, in particular a drilling fluid, installed directly in a conduit of a fluid extraction installation. in a basement, without significant constraints on the membrane, particularly with regard to the nature and geometry of the membrane.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif du type précité, caractérisé en ce que ladite première face présente une dureté supérieure à 1400 Vickers (kgf/mm2), notamment comprise entre 1400 et 1900 Vickers (kgf/mm2).For this purpose, the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that said first face has a hardness greater than 1400 Vickers (kgf / mm 2 ), especially between 1400 and 1900 Vickers (kgf / mm 2 ) .

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques prises isolément ou suivant toutes combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • l'organe membranaire poreux comporte un revêtement qui recouvre le support suivant ladite première face ;
  • le revêtement est à base de carbure de silicium ;
  • ladite première face est en outre hydrophobe et oléophobe ;
  • l'angle de mouillage de l'eau sur ladite première face est supérieur à 120° ;
  • ladite première face comprend des polymères fluorés incorporés par greffage ;
  • la première face de l'organe membranaire en contact avec le liquide est sensiblement plane ;
  • ce dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de régulation de la pression dans la conduite au niveau de la deuxième face de l'organe membranaire ; et
  • il comprend une pluralité d'organes membranaires et les secondes faces de ces organes débouchent successivement sur la conduite reliée aux moyens d'analyse.
The device according to the invention may comprise one or more characteristics taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the porous membrane member comprises a coating which covers the support along said first face;
  • the coating is based on silicon carbide;
  • said first face is further hydrophobic and oleophobic;
  • the wetting angle of the water on said first face is greater than 120 °;
  • said first face comprises fluorinated polymers incorporated by grafting;
  • the first face of the membrane member in contact with the liquid is substantially flat;
  • this device further comprises means for regulating the pressure in the pipe at the second face of the membrane member; and
  • it comprises a plurality of membrane organs and the second faces of these bodies open successively on the pipe connected to the analysis means.

L'installation a également pour objet une installation d'extraction de fluides dans le sous-sol du type comprenant un conduit reliant au moins un point du sous-sol à la surface, et une conduite d'évacuation reliée au conduit au niveau de la surface, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre au moins un dispositif selon les caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus, et en ce que les moyens de prélèvement dudit dispositif sont montés sur un élément tubulaire constitué par le conduit ou la conduite d'évacuation.The installation also relates to a fluid extraction facility in the basement of the type comprising a duct connecting at least one point of the basement to the surface, and a discharge pipe connected to the duct at the level of the surface, characterized in that it further comprises at least one device according to the characteristics described above, and in that the means for sampling said device are mounted on a tubular element constituted by the conduit or the evacuation pipe.

L'installation selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques prises isolément ou suivant toutes combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • la première face de l'organe membranaire en contact avec le liquide est disposée sensiblement parallèle à l'axe d'allongement de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • ladite première face en contact avec le liquide est disposée suivant une paroi de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • ladite première face est disposée en retrait d'une paroi de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • l'élément tubulaire comprend une dérivation et lesdits moyens de prélèvement sont placés dans ladite dérivation ; et
  • les moyens de prélèvement dudit dispositif sont placés dans ledit conduit en amont de ladite conduite ;
  • elle comprend en outre des moyens de filtration en aval de la conduite d'évacuation et elle comprend deux dispositifs tels que définis ci-dessus, les moyens de prélèvement respectifs des deux dispositifs étant placés respectivement en amont et en aval des moyens de filtration.
The installation according to the invention may comprise one or more characteristics taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the first face of the membrane member in contact with the liquid is disposed substantially parallel to the axis of elongation of the tubular element;
  • said first face in contact with the liquid is disposed along a wall of the tubular element;
  • said first face is set back from a wall of the tubular element;
  • the tubular element comprises a bypass and said sampling means are placed in said bypass; and
  • the sampling means of said device are placed in said duct upstream of said duct;
  • it further comprises filtering means downstream of the discharge pipe and comprises two devices as defined above, the respective drawing means of the two devices being placed respectively upstream and downstream of the filtration means.

Des exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la Figure 1 représente schématiquement en coupe verticale une installation de forage munie d'un dispositif d'analyse selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 représente schématiquement les principaux éléments du dispositif d'analyse suivant l'invention ;
  • la Figure 3 représente schématiquement un détail d'une variante de l'installation représentée sur la Figure 1 ;
  • la Figure 4 représente schématiquement en coupe verticale une installation comprenant deux dispositifs d'analyse selon l'invention ; et
  • la Figure 5 représente schématiquement en coupe verticale un détail d'une variante du dispositif représenté sur la Figure 2.
Examples of implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically in vertical section a drilling installation provided with an analysis device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the main elements of the analysis device according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a detail of a variant of the installation shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows schematically in vertical section an installation comprising two analysis devices according to the invention; and
  • Figure 5 schematically shows in vertical section a detail of a variant of the device shown in Figure 2.

Un dispositif selon l'invention est utilisé par exemple dans une installation de forage d'un puits de production de pétrole. Comme illustré sur la Figure 1, cette installation 11 comprend un conduit de forage 13 dans une cavité percée par un outil de forage 15 rotatif, une installation de surface 17, et un dispositif d'analyse 19 selon l'invention monté sur le conduit de forage 13.A device according to the invention is used for example in a drilling rig of a production well of oil. As illustrated in FIG. 1, this installation 11 comprises a drilling pipe 13 in a cavity pierced by a rotary drilling tool, a surface installation 17, and an analysis device 19 according to the invention mounted on the pipe of FIG. drilling 13.

Le conduit de forage 13 est disposé dans la cavité percée dans le sous-sol 21 par l'outil de forage 15 rotatif. Ce conduit 13 comporte au niveau de la surface une tête de puits 23 munie d'une conduite 25 d'évacuation.The drill pipe 13 is disposed in the cavity drilled in the sub-floor 21 by the rotary drilling tool. This duct 13 comprises at the level of the surface a wellhead 23 provided with a discharge pipe 25.

L'outil de forage 15 comprend une tête de forage 27, une garniture de forage 29, et une tête 31 d'injection de liquide.The drilling tool 15 comprises a drill head 27, a drill string 29, and a liquid injection head 31.

La tête de forage 27 comprend des moyens de perçage 33 des roches du sous-sol 21. Elle est montée sur la partie inférieure de la garniture de forage 29 et est positionnée dans le fond du conduit de forage 13.The drill head 27 comprises drilling means 33 of the rocks of the subsoil 21. It is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the drill pipe 13.

La garniture 29 comprend un ensemble de tubes de forage creux. Ces tubes délimitent un espace interne 35 permettant d'amener un liquide depuis la surface 37 jusqu'à la tête de forage 27. A cet effet, la tête d'injection 31 de liquide est vissée sur la partie supérieure de la garniture 29.The liner 29 comprises a set of hollow drill pipes. These tubes delimit an internal space 35 making it possible to bring a liquid from the surface 37 to the drill head 27. For this purpose, the liquid injection head 31 is screwed onto the upper part of the lining 29.

L'installation de surface 17 comprend des moyens 41 de support et d'entraînement en rotation de l'outil de forage 15, des moyens 43 d'injection du liquide de forage et un tamis vibrant 45.The surface installation 17 comprises means 41 for supporting and rotating the drill bit 15, means 43 for injecting the drilling fluid and a vibrating screen 45.

Les moyens d'injection 43 sont reliés hydrauliquement à la tête d'injection 31 pour introduire et faire circuler un liquide dans l'espace interne 35 de la garniture de forage 29.The injection means 43 are hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 to introduce and circulate a liquid in the internal space 35 of the drill string 29.

Le tamis vibrant 45 collecte le liquide chargé de résidus de forage qui sort de la conduite d'évacuation 25 et sépare le liquide des résidus de forage solides.The vibratory screen 45 collects the drilled residue liquid that exits the discharge line 25 and separates the liquid from the solid boreholes.

Le dispositif d'analyse 19 comprend une tête de prélèvement 51 d'au moins une fraction du ou de chaque gaz et des moyens d'analyse 53 du ou de chaque gaz.The analysis device 19 comprises a sampling head 51 of at least a fraction of the or each gas and analysis means 53 of the or each gas.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 2, la tête de prélèvement 51 comprend un organe membranaire 55 poreux dont une première face 57 plane est en contact avec le liquide circulant dans le conduit 13 et une seconde face 59 débouche dans une conduite 61 reliée aux moyens d'analyse 53.As illustrated in FIG. 2, the sampling head 51 comprises a porous membrane member 55 whose first planar face 57 is in contact with the liquid flowing in the conduit 13 and a second face 59 opens into a pipe 61 connected to the means analysis 53.

L'organe membranaire poreux 55 comprend un support 63 membranaire et un revêtement 65 qui recouvre le support 63 du côté du liquide suivant la première face 57.The porous membranous member 55 comprises a membrane support 63 and a coating 65 which covers the support 63 on the liquid side along the first face 57.

Cette première face 57 est disposée dans le conduit 13 parallèlement à l'axe d'allongement du conduit 13, c'est à dire parallèlement à l'écoulement du flux de liquide. Préférentiellement, cette première face 57 est disposée le long d'une paroi du conduit 13 ou légèrement en retrait de cette paroi. Ainsi, des outils peuvent être introduits ou extraits du conduit 13 de forage, en minimisant le risque de détérioration de l'organe membranaire 55 par un contact mécanique ou un choc. Par ailleurs, la circulation du liquide parallèlement à la première face 57 limite les forces d'abrasion s'appliquant sur le revêtement 65.This first face 57 is disposed in the conduit 13 parallel to the axis of elongation of the conduit 13, that is to say parallel to the flow of the liquid flow. Preferably, this first face 57 is disposed along a wall of the conduit 13 or slightly set back from this wall. Thus, tools can be introduced or extracted from the drilling conduit 13, minimizing the risk of deterioration of the membrane member 55 by mechanical contact or impact. Furthermore, the circulation of the liquid parallel to the first face 57 limits the abrasion forces applied to the coating 65.

Le support membranaire 63 est réalisé à base d'un matériau poreux, par exemple une céramique. Préférentiellement, le support membranaire 63 se présente sous la forme d'un disque. Dans l'exemple illustré sur les dessins, le diamètre de ce support est sensiblement égal à 50 mm et son épaisseur est inférieure à 10 mm.The membrane support 63 is made of a porous material, for example a ceramic. Preferably, the membrane support 63 is in the form of a disk. In the example illustrated in the drawings, the diameter of this support is substantially equal to 50 mm and its thickness is less than 10 mm.

Des exemples de matériaux pouvant être utilisés pour réaliser le support membranaire 63 sont de l'inox fritté, des fibres métalliques, ou de l'alumine.Examples of materials that can be used to make the membrane support 63 are sintered stainless steel, metal fibers, or alumina.

La taille des pores du support membranaire 63 est comprise entre 0,01 µm et 5 µm selon l'application désirée. Préférentiellement, le diamètre des pores est choisi entre 0,02 µm et 3 µm.The pore size of the membrane support 63 is between 0.01 μm and 5 μm depending on the desired application. Preferably, the pore diameter is chosen between 0.02 μm and 3 μm.

Le revêtement 65 qui constitue la première face 57 de l'organe membranaire 55 comprend une couche mince à base de carbure de silicium déposée sur le support 63. L'épaisseur de cette couche est comprise entre 0,5 µm et 2 µm. Cette couche mince couvre la surface du support entre les pores.The coating 65 which constitutes the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 comprises a thin layer based on silicon carbide deposited on the support 63. The thickness of this layer is between 0.5 microns and 2 microns. This thin layer covers the surface of the support between the pores.

Ainsi, l'organe membranaire 55 est perméable à l'ensemble des gaz présents dans la boue.Thus, the membrane member 55 is permeable to all gases present in the sludge.

Par ailleurs, la dureté de la première face 57 de l'organe membranaire 55 est supérieure à 1400 Vickers (kgf/mm2). Dans l'exemple décrit sur les Figures, cette dureté est comprise entre 1400 et 1900 Vickers (kgf/mm2).Moreover, the hardness of the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 is greater than 1400 Vickers (kgf / mm 2). In the example described in the figures, this hardness is between 1400 and 1900 Vickers (kgf / mm2).

Cette couche mince protége donc l'organe membranaire 55 contre l'abrasion générée par les morceaux de roches et les débris de forage.This thin layer thus protects the membrane member 55 against abrasion generated by rock fragments and drilling debris.

En variante, le revêtement 65 est modifié par greffage de chaînes polymères fluorées présentant un fort caractère hydrophobe et oléophobe. Préférentiellement, ce greffage est réalisé à base d'un perfluoroalkylethoxysilane. Cette modification du revêtement 65 permet de rendre la première face 57 de l'organe membranaire 55 hydrophobe et oléophobe. Par suite, l'angle de mouillage de l'eau sur la première face 57 de l'organe membranaire 55 est supérieur à 120° et sensiblement égal à 130°.Alternatively, the coating 65 is modified by grafting fluorinated polymer chains having a strong hydrophobic and oleophobic character. Preferably, this grafting is carried out based on a perfluoroalkylethoxysilane. This modification of the coating 65 makes it possible to make the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 hydrophobic and oleophobic. As a result, the wetting angle of the water on the first face 57 of the membrane member 55 is greater than 120 ° and substantially equal to 130 °.

L'organe membranaire 55 est ainsi imperméable au liquide circulant dans le conduit, ce qui contribue à limiter le colmatage des pores du support par des résidus solides provenant de ce liquide.The membrane member 55 is thus impervious to the liquid flowing in the conduit, which contributes to limiting the clogging of the pores of the support with solid residues from this liquid.

La conduite 61 reliant l'organe membranaire poreux 55 et les moyens d'analyse 53 comprend une chambre 71 de réception des gaz, un contrôleur 73 de pression dans la chambre, des moyens 75 de convoyage des gaz extraits depuis la chambre de réception 71 jusqu'aux moyens d'analyse 53 et des moyens 77 de filtration des gaz extraits.The pipe 61 connecting the porous membrane member 55 and the analysis means 53 comprises a chamber 71 for receiving the gases, a pressure controller 73 in the chamber, means 75 for conveying the gases extracted from the reception chamber 71 until the analysis means 53 and the means 77 for filtering the extracted gases.

La chambre de réception 71 couvre la seconde face 59 de l'organe membranaire, en regard de la première face 57. Elle comprend une cloche, munie d'un orifice d'entrée 79 et d'un orifice de sortie 81 reliés respectivement aux moyens de convoyage 75 et au contrôleur de pression 73.The receiving chamber 71 covers the second face 59 of the membrane member, facing the first face 57. It comprises a bell provided with an inlet orifice 79 and an outlet orifice 81 respectively connected to the means conveyor 75 and the pressure controller 73.

Le contrôleur 73 de pression dans la chambre comprend des éléments 83 de mesure de la pression différentielle entre le liquide dans le conduit et le gaz dans la chambre en liaison avec un régulateur de pression 85 monté sur la conduite en aval de la chambre.The pressure controller 73 in the chamber comprises elements 83 for measuring the differential pressure between the liquid in the conduit and the gas in the chamber in connection with a pressure regulator 85 mounted on the pipe downstream of the chamber.

Ce régulateur 85 est commandé de sorte que, lorsque le dispositif selon l'invention est utilisé pour l'analyse des gaz contenus dans la boue, la différence de pression entre le liquide circulant dans le conduit 13 et le gaz présent dans la chambre de réception 17 est sensiblement nulle. Cette différence de pression sensiblement nulle évite la pénétration du liquide circulant dans le conduit 13 dans l'organe membranaire 55.This regulator 85 is controlled so that, when the device according to the invention is used for the analysis of the gases contained in the sludge, the pressure difference between the liquid flowing in the pipe 13 and the gas present in the receiving chamber 17 is substantially zero. This substantially zero pressure difference avoids the penetration of the liquid flowing in the conduit 13 into the membrane member 55.

Si toutefois l'organe membranaire poreux 55 se colmate, il est possible de commander le régulateur de pression 85 pour que la pression dans la chambre 71 soit largement supérieure à la pression dans le conduit 13 pendant quelques secondes. La différence entre ces deux pressions est alors comprise entre 1 bar et 3 bar. Il est ainsi possible de décolmater les pores de l'organe membranaire 55.If, however, the porous membranous member 55 becomes clogged, it is possible to control the pressure regulator 85 so that the pressure in the chamber 71 is much greater than the pressure in the conduit 13 for a few seconds. The difference between these two pressures is then between 1 bar and 3 bar. It is thus possible to decolorize the pores of the membrane member 55.

Les moyens de convoyage des gaz extraits comprennent des moyens 87 d'introduction d'un gaz vecteur dans la chambre de réception 71 par l'orifice d'entrée 79. Le gaz vecteur est par exemple de l'azote ou de l'air.The means for conveying the extracted gases comprise means 87 for introducing a carrier gas into the reception chamber 71 via the inlet orifice 79. The carrier gas is, for example, nitrogen or air.

Un régulateur 89 de débit massique fixe le débit de gaz vecteur entrant dans la chambre 71 et par suite dans les moyens d'analyse 53. Par conséquent, la dilution des gaz extraits est constante en fonction du temps. Un débitmètre volumique 91 est monté sur la conduite 61 en aval des moyens de filtration 77 pour mesurer le débit de gaz résultant du gaz vecteur et des gaz extraits.A mass flow rate regulator 89 sets the flow rate of the carrier gas entering the chamber 71 and consequently into the analysis means 53. therefore, the dilution of the extracted gases is constant as a function of time. A volume flow meter 91 is mounted on the pipe 61 downstream of the filtration means 77 to measure the gas flow rate resulting from the carrier gas and the extracted gases.

Les moyens de filtration 77 sont disposés sur la conduite en aval du régulateur de pression 85. Ces moyens de filtration 77 éliminent notamment la vapeur d'eau présente dans les gaz extraits. Ils sont constitués par exemple d'un dessicateur à base de cartouches filtrantes en silicagel, d'un tamis moléculaire ou d'un filtre coalesceur.The filtration means 77 are arranged on the pipe downstream of the pressure regulator 85. These filtration means 77 in particular eliminate the water vapor present in the extracted gases. They consist, for example, of a desiccator based on silicagel filter cartridges, a molecular sieve or a coalescer filter.

Les moyens d'analyse 53 comprennent une instrumentation 93 permettant la détection et la quantification d'un ou plusieurs gaz extraits et un calculateur 95 pour déterminer la concentration en gaz dans le liquide circulant dans le conduit 13.The analysis means 53 comprise an instrumentation 93 enabling the detection and quantification of one or more extracted gases and a computer 95 for determining the concentration of gas in the liquid flowing in the conduit 13.

L'instrumentation comprend par exemple des appareils à détection infrarouge pour la quantification du dioxyde de carbone, des chromatographes FID (détecteur à ionisation de flamme) pour la détection des hydrocarbures ou encore TCD (détecteur à conductivité thermique), en fonction des gaz à analyser. La détection et la quantification simultanée d'une pluralité de gaz au moyen du dispositif selon l'invention est donc possible.The instrumentation includes, for example, infrared detection devices for the quantification of carbon dioxide, FID (flame ionization detector) chromatographs for the detection of hydrocarbons or TCD (thermally conductive detector), depending on the gases to be analyzed. . The simultaneous detection and quantification of a plurality of gases by means of the device according to the invention is therefore possible.

Cette instrumentation 93 est placée dans la zone explosive au voisinage de la tête de puits 23 (Figure 1) pour éviter de convoyer les gaz sur une longue distance, ce qui augmente la précision de la mesure.This instrumentation 93 is placed in the explosive zone in the vicinity of the wellhead 23 (FIG. 1) to avoid conveying the gases over a long distance, which increases the accuracy of the measurement.

Les moyens d'analyse comprennent en outre un capteur 97 de mesure de la température du liquide circulant dans le conduit 13.The analysis means further comprise a sensor 97 for measuring the temperature of the liquid flowing in the duct 13.

Le calculateur 95 comprend une mémoire 99 contenant des abaques de calibration et un processeur 101 pour la mise en oeuvre d'un algorithme de calcul.The computer 95 comprises a memory 99 containing calibration charts and a processor 101 for implementing a calculation algorithm.

Les abaques de calibration sont établies en fonction de la température, du débit et des caractéristiques de la boue. Elles contiennent des données qui relient la concentration d'un ou plusieurs gaz dans la boue à la concentration des gaz extraits de cette boue à travers l'organe membranaire, telle que mesurée à l'aide de l'instrumentation.Calibration charts are based on the temperature, flow, and characteristics of the sludge. They contain data that relate the concentration of one or more gases in the sludge to the concentration of gases extracted from that sludge through the membrane organ as measured by instrumentation.

L'algorithme de calcul détermine les quantités réelles de gaz dans la boue à partir des mesures effectuées par l'instrumentation 93, de la température mesurée dans le conduit 13 par le capteur 97 et des données contenues dans la mémoire 99.The calculation algorithm determines the actual quantities of gas in the sludge from the measurements made by the instrumentation 93, the temperature measured in the conduit 13 by the sensor 97 and data contained in the memory 99.

La concentration des gaz dans la boue est déterminée de manière individuelle ou cumulée.The concentration of gases in the sludge is determined individually or cumulatively.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention lors du forage d'un puits va maintenant être décrit comme exemple.The operation of the device according to the invention during the drilling of a well will now be described as an example.

Lors du forage, l'outil de forage 15 est entraîné en rotation par l'installation de surface 41. Un liquide de forage est introduit dans l'espace intérieur 35 de la garniture de forage 29 par les moyens d'injection 43. Ce liquide descend jusqu'à la tête de forage 27, et passe dans le conduit de forage 13 à travers la tête de forage 27. Ce liquide refroidit et lubrifie les moyens de perçage 33. Puis, le liquide collecte les déblais solides résultant du forage et remonte par l'espace annulaire défini entre la garniture de forage 29 et les parois du conduit de forage 13. L'écoulement de ce liquide est sensiblement parallèle à ces parois.During drilling, the drilling tool 15 is rotated by the surface installation 41. A drilling liquid is introduced into the interior space 35 of the drill string 29 by the injection means 43. This liquid down to the drill head 27, and passes into the drill pipe 13 through the drill head 27. This liquid cools and lubricates the drilling means 33. Then, the liquid collects the solid cuttings resulting from drilling and goes back by the annular space defined between the drill string 29 and the walls of the drill pipe 13. The flow of this liquid is substantially parallel to these walls.

Le liquide circule donc continûment le long de la première face 57 de l'organe membranaire 55. Une fraction du gaz présent dans le liquide est extraite à travers l'organe membranaire 55 et pénètre dans la chambre d'extraction 71. Le contrôleur 73 de pression dans la chambre 71 est activé de sorte que la pression différentielle entre la chambre 71 et le conduit de forage 13 est sensiblement nulle. Ainsi, la pénétration du liquide dans l'organe membranaire 55 est évitée.The liquid therefore circulates continuously along the first face 57 of the membrane member 55. A fraction of the gas present in the liquid is extracted through the membrane member 55 and enters the extraction chamber 71. The controller 73 of Pressure in the chamber 71 is activated so that the differential pressure between the chamber 71 and the drill pipe 13 is substantially zero. Thus, penetration of the liquid into the membrane member 55 is avoided.

Les gaz extraits sont alors entraînés par le gaz vecteur depuis la chambre d'extraction 71 à travers l'orifice de sortie 81, le régulateur de pression 85 et les moyens de filtration 77, jusqu'aux moyens d'analyse 53. Les gaz extraits sont alors analysés par l'instrumentation 63 et le calculateur 95 détermine la concentration réelle du ou des gaz analysés dans la boue de forage en fonction du temps.The extracted gases are then entrained by the carrier gas from the extraction chamber 71 through the outlet orifice 81, the pressure regulator 85 and the filtration means 77, to the analysis means 53. The extracted gases are then analyzed by the instrumentation 63 and the computer 95 determines the actual concentration of the gas or gases analyzed in the drilling mud as a function of time.

Dans la variante représentée Figure 3, la tête de prélèvement 51 est installée dans une dérivation 111 du conduit de forage 13. Des moyens d'isolement, comme une vanne d'entrée 113 et une vanne de sortie 115 sont prévues aux extrémités de cette dérivation 111, de part et d'autre de la tête 51 pour isoler cette dérivation et démonter facilement la tête de prélèvement 51. Dans cette configuration, le risque de détérioration de l'organe membranaire 55 par contact mécanique ou choc lors de l'introduction et de la circulation d'outils dans le conduit de forage 13 est minimisé.In the variant shown in FIG. 3, the sampling head 51 is installed in a bypass 111 of the drilling pipe 13. Isolation means, such as an inlet valve 113 and an outlet valve 115 are provided at the ends of this branch 111, on either side of the head 51 to isolate this branch and easily disassemble the sampling head 51. In this configuration, the risk of deterioration of the membrane member 55 by mechanical contact or shock when introducing and circulating tools in the drill pipe 13 is minimized.

Dans la variante illustrée sur la Figure 4, une conduite 121 de recirculation est prévue pour acheminer le liquide extrait au niveau du tamis vibrant 45 vers les moyens 43 d'injection du liquide dans l'espace intérieur 35 de la garniture de forage 29.In the variant illustrated in FIG. 4, a recirculation pipe 121 is provided for conveying the liquid extracted at the vibrating screen 45 to the liquid injection means 43 in the interior space 35 of the drill string 29.

A la différence de l'installation représentée sur la Figure 1, deux dispositifs selon l'invention 19, 19A sont utilisés. La tête de mesure 51 du premier dispositif 19 est disposée sur la conduite d'évacuation 25 dans la partie amont de cette conduite, c'est à dire au niveau de la tête de puits 23. La tête de mesure 51A du second dispositif 19A est disposée sur la conduite d'injection 123 entre les moyens d'injection 43 et la tête d'injection 31. Il est ainsi possible de quantifier la différence entre le contenu gazeux du liquide en sortie du conduit de forage 13 et le contenu gazeux du liquide réinjecté après dégazage sur le tamis filtrant 45.Unlike the installation shown in FIG. 1, two devices according to the invention 19, 19A are used. The measuring head 51 of the first device 19 is disposed on the discharge pipe 25 in the upstream part of this pipe, that is to say at the level of the wellhead 23. The measuring head 51A of the second device 19A is disposed on the injection pipe 123 between the injection means 43 and the injection head 31. It is thus possible to quantify the difference between the gaseous content of the liquid at the outlet of the drilling pipe 13 and the gaseous content of the liquid reinjected after degassing on the filter screen 45.

Dans la variante illustrée sur la Figure 5, à la différence du dispositif représenté Figure 1, la tête de prélèvement 51 comprend deux organes membranaires poreux 55, 55A. Chaque organe membranaire poreux 55, 55A est associé à une chambre de réception 71, 71A des gaz extraits comprenant chacune un orifice d'entrée 79, 79A et un orifice de sortie 81, 81A. L'orifice d'entrée de la première chambre est relié aux moyens de convoyage 75. L'orifice de sortie 81 de la première chambre est relié à l'orifice d'entrée 79A de la seconde chambre 71A par la conduite 61.In the variant illustrated in FIG. 5, unlike the device represented in FIG. 1, the sampling head 51 comprises two porous membrane members 55, 55A. Each porous membrane member 55, 55A is associated with a receiving chamber 71, 71A of the extracted gases, each comprising an inlet orifice 79, 79A and an outlet orifice 81, 81A. The inlet of the first chamber is connected to the conveying means 75. The outlet orifice 81 of the first chamber is connected to the inlet port 79A of the second chamber 71A via the pipe 61.

Ainsi, le gaz vecteur est amené dans la première chambre 71 via l'orifice d'entrée 79 de cette première chambre 71. Ce gaz amène les gaz extraits dans la première chambre 71 jusqu'à la seconde chambre 71A par l'orifice de sortie 81, la conduite 61 et l'orifice d'entrée 79A de la seconde chambre 71A. La seconde chambre 71A reçoit donc un mélange contenant les gaz extraits dans la première chambre 71 et le gaz vecteur. Ce mélange reçoit alors le gaz extrait dans la seconde chambre 71A ce qui l'enrichit en gaz provenant du conduit de forage 13 et facilite la détection des gaz extraits par les moyens d'analyse 53.Thus, the carrier gas is fed into the first chamber 71 via the inlet orifice 79 of this first chamber 71. This gas brings the extracted gases into the first chamber 71 to the second chamber 71A through the outlet orifice 81, the conduit 61 and the inlet port 79A of the second chamber 71A. The second chamber 71A thus receives a mixture containing the gases extracted in the first chamber 71 and the carrier gas. This mixture then receives the extracted gas in the second chamber 71A which enriches it in gas from the drilling pipe 13 and facilitates the detection of the gases extracted by the analysis means 53.

En variante, le support 63 de l'organe membranaire poreux comporte une face qui présente une dureté supérieure à 1400 Kgf/mm2, notamment comprise entre 1400 et 1900 Kgf/mm2, sans qu'un revêtement à base de carbure de silicium ne soit nécessaire. Suivant un exemple, l'organe membranaire de ce type peut être en alumine α.Alternatively, the support 63 of the porous membrane member has a face which has a hardness of greater than 1400 Kgf / mm 2 , especially between 1400 and 1900 Kgf / mm 2 , without a coating based on silicon carbide be necessary. In one example, the membrane member of this type may be of α-alumina.

Dans une autre variante, le support membranaire est réalisé à base d'un matériau organique comme par exemple du polytétrafluoroéthylène et comprend un revêtement en carbure de silicium.In another variant, the membrane support is made of an organic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene and comprises a coating of silicon carbide.

Dans une autre variante, des moyens de chauffage sont implantés sur le conduit de forage en amont du dispositif selon l'invention par rapport au sens de circulation du fluide de forage pour faciliter l'extraction des gaz dissous ou libres. Dans ce cas, le dispositif et les moyens de chauffage sont disposés dans une dérivation dans laquelle la boue circule librement ou de manière assistée.In another variant, heating means are located on the drilling pipe upstream of the device according to the invention relative to the direction of flow of the drilling fluid to facilitate the extraction of dissolved or free gases. In this case, the device and the heating means are arranged in a branch in which the sludge circulates freely or in an assisted manner.

Grâce à l'invention qui vient d'être décrite, un dispositif est obtenu pour l'analyse précise et en continu des gaz contenus dans un liquide abrasif circulant dans une installation de forage dans un sous-sol.Thanks to the invention that has just been described, a device is obtained for accurate and continuous analysis of the gases contained in an abrasive liquid circulating in a drilling rig in a basement.

Des organes membranaires de nature et de géométrie diverses peuvent être utilisés dans ce dispositif, en fonction des caractéristiques du fluide de forage et de la configuration du puits de forage.Membrane members of various types and geometries can be used in this device, depending on the characteristics of the drilling fluid and the configuration of the wellbore.

En particulier, ce dispositif peut être fabriqué à partir de membranes de géométries simples et facilement disponibles comme des membranes discoïdes planes.In particular, this device can be manufactured from membranes of simple geometries and easily available as flat discoid membranes.

Ce dispositif n'est pas sélectif et permet l'analyse des concentrations individuelles ou cumulées d'une pluralité de gaz dissous ou libres dans le fluide de forage.This device is not selective and allows the analysis of individual or cumulative concentrations of a plurality of dissolved or free gases in the drilling fluid.

Ce dispositif présente en outre l'avantage de minimiser les risques de détérioration du dispositif lors de l'introduction et de la circulation d'objets dans le conduit de forage.This device also has the advantage of minimizing the risk of damage to the device during the introduction and movement of objects in the drill pipe.

Ce dispositif permet en outre de limiter fortement le colmatage des membranes et les pertes de rendement résultantes.This device also makes it possible to greatly limit the clogging of the membranes and the resulting yield losses.

Claims (16)

  1. A device (19) for analysing at least one gas contained in a liquid, in particular a drilling fluid, flowing in a pipe (13) of an installation for extracting fluids from a subsoil, said device being of the type comprising:
    - means (53) of analysing the or each gas;
    - means (51) of taking a sample of at least one fraction of the or each gas comprising at least one porous membrane-type member (55), said member comprising a support (63) and having a first face (57) in contact with the liquid flowing in the pipe (13) and a second face (59) leading into a line (61) connected to the analysis means (53),
    characterised in that said first face (57) has a Vickers hardness of greater than 1400 HV (kgf/mm2), in particular between 1400 and 1900 HV (kgf/mm2).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the porous, membrane-type member (55) comprises a coating (65) which covers the support (63) along said first face (57).
  3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the coating (65) is based on silicon carbide.
  4. A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said first face (57)-is additionally hydrophobic and oleophobic.
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the water wetting angle relative to said first face (57) is greater than 120°.
  6. A device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that said first face (57) comprises fluorinated polymers incorporated by grafting.
  7. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first face (57) of the membrane-type member (55) in contact with the liquid is substantially planar.
  8. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it further comprises means (73) of regulating the pressure in the line (61) at the level of the second face (59) of the membrane-type member (55).
  9. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of membrane-type members (55) and in that the second faces (59) of these members (55) lead successively into the line (61) connected to the analysis means (53).
  10. An installation for extracting fluids from the subsoil of the type comprising a pipe (13) connecting at least one point of the subsoil (21) to the surface (37), and a delivery line (25) connected to the pipe (13) at the level of the surface (37), characterised in that it further comprises at least one device (19) according to one of claims 1 to 9, and in that the sampling means (51) of said device (19) are mounted on a tubular element (13, 25) consisting of the pipe (13) cr the delivery line (25).
  11. An installation according to claim 10, characterised in that the first face (57) of the membrane-type member (55) in contact with the liquid is disposed substantially parallel to the axis of extension of the tubular element (13; 25).
  12. An installation according to claim 11, characterised in that said first face (57) in contact with the liquid is disposed along a wall of the tubular element (13; 25).
  13. An installation according to claim 11, characterised in that said first face (57) is disposed set back from a wall of the tubular element (13; 25).
  14. An installation according to claim 13, characterised in that the tubular element (13; 25) comprises a bypass (111) and in that said sampling means (51) are placed in said bypass (111).
  15. An installation according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the sampling means (55) of said device (19) are placed in said pipe (13) upstream of said line (25).
  16. An installation according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that it further comprises filtration means (45) downstream of the delivery line (25) and in that it comprises two devices (19; 19A) according to one of claims 1 to 9, the respective sampling means (51; 51A) of the two devices (19; 19A) being placed respectively upstream and downstream of the filtration means (45).
EP04742533A 2003-04-25 2004-04-16 Device for analysing at least one gas contained in a liquid, particularly bore fluid Expired - Lifetime EP1618284B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0305131A FR2854197B1 (en) 2003-04-25 2003-04-25 DEVICE FOR ANALYZING AT LEAST ONE GAS CONTAINED IN A LIQUID, IN PARTICULAR A DRILLING FLUID.
PCT/FR2004/000953 WO2004097175A2 (en) 2003-04-25 2004-04-16 Device for analysing at least one gas contained in a liquid, particularly bore fluid

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EP1618284A2 EP1618284A2 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1618284B1 true EP1618284B1 (en) 2007-08-15

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EP (1) EP1618284B1 (en)
AR (1) AR044089A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE370312T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2523380C (en)
DE (1) DE602004008255D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2291897T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2854197B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004097175A2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2291897T3 (en) 2008-03-01
FR2854197B1 (en) 2005-07-22
EP1618284A2 (en) 2006-01-25
ATE370312T1 (en) 2007-09-15
FR2854197A1 (en) 2004-10-29
CA2523380C (en) 2009-10-06
WO2004097175A3 (en) 2005-02-17
DE602004008255D1 (en) 2007-09-27
US20090293605A1 (en) 2009-12-03
WO2004097175A2 (en) 2004-11-11
AR044089A1 (en) 2005-08-24
CA2523380A1 (en) 2004-11-11
US7748266B2 (en) 2010-07-06

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