EP1866945B1 - Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles - Google Patents

Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1866945B1
EP1866945B1 EP06725662A EP06725662A EP1866945B1 EP 1866945 B1 EP1866945 B1 EP 1866945B1 EP 06725662 A EP06725662 A EP 06725662A EP 06725662 A EP06725662 A EP 06725662A EP 1866945 B1 EP1866945 B1 EP 1866945B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interrupter according
terminal element
projection
recess
interrupter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06725662A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1866945A1 (en
Inventor
Franz-Josef Lietz
Oliver Kastrop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Auto Kabel Management GmbH filed Critical Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Priority to EP06725662A priority Critical patent/EP1866945B1/en
Priority to PL06725662T priority patent/PL1866945T3/en
Publication of EP1866945A1 publication Critical patent/EP1866945A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1866945B1 publication Critical patent/EP1866945B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/20—Pins, blades, or sockets shaped, or provided with separate member, to retain co-operating parts together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/633—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only
    • H01R13/637—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only by fluid pressure, e.g. explosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49105—Switch making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49107—Fuse making

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines, in particular power lines or battery cables, of motor vehicles with a first connection element, with a connectable to the first connection element second connection element and with a running in a conductive state of the circuit breaker between the first connection element and the second connection element current path.
  • Circuit breakers for motor vehicles are well known.
  • DE 199 28 713 A1 discloses a circuit breaker having a fuse element.
  • the fusible conductor is attached to a reaction vessel. After ignition of a chemical mixture in the reaction vessel by an ignition mechanism, the reaction vessel heats up so much that the melt conductor melts and thus interrupts the current path.
  • a well-known circuit breaker is also in the document DE-A-19819662 disclosed.
  • Another circuit breaker for breaking at least two current paths is from the DE 101 11 254 A1 known. This is to be made possible to interrupt a rung while a second can continue to be active. This ensures a redundant supply of, for example, safety-relevant systems in automobiles and at the same time, each current path is protected against overloading. Therefore Each circuit breaker has at least three terminals and is placed close to the consumer. One connection is used to connect the load, the others to connect the circuits that are to be interrupted individually. If the current in a circuit rises above the maximum limit, it will be disconnected. The other circuits, however, can continue to supply their respective consumers.
  • the known circuit breakers have various disadvantages. Elements of the circuit breaker are first permanently destroyed. Furthermore, expensive elements for measuring the current flowing in the element to be destroyed and for igniting the chemical mixture are necessary for interrupting the current path, so that the circuit breaker are expensive to produce.
  • the technical object of the invention was to provide a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines available, on the one hand low in the production and on the other hand ensures a fault-free operation.
  • connection element Jouleschen heat Pyrotechnic separation unit is provided on at least one of the connection elements and that by means of the activated pyrotechnic separation unit, the connection between the connection elements is detachable.
  • connection of the connection elements can be made by material connection.
  • the second connection element could be connected by gluing to the first connection element.
  • the second connection element may have a simple geometry.
  • connection elements are non-positively connected to each other. Then the connection can be solved by the pyrotechnic separation unit in particular non-destructive.
  • a pyrotechnic separation unit - passive - can be activated by the temperature generated by the electrical current flowing through the connection elements.
  • Each electrical resistance R produces a Joule heat Q which is proportional to the product of the resistance R and the square of the current I flowing through it (Q - R * I 2 ).
  • the resistance of the first and / or the second connection element can be adjusted so that at a certain current and after a certain time, a certain activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit is achieved.
  • an inventive circuit breaker is characterized by its compact and cost-effective production.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit may be designed so that it ignites between 160 ° C and 195 ° C, in particular at 170 ° C.
  • a continuous operating temperature of the circuit breaker between 100 ° C and 125 ° C, in particular at 115 ° C is possible.
  • higher or lower temperature levels depending on the design of the pyrotechnic separation unit, can be realized.
  • the temperatures are each, by the above-described context, a current, depending on the cross-section of the elements and the duration of the currents assigned.
  • a pyrotechnic separation unit for example, such mixtures can be used, as described in the DE 20 2004 002 292 U1 are disclosed. These mixtures are characterized by a particularly high long-term stability. In principle, however, it is possible to use all mixtures which can be thermally activated, that is to say by the supply of heat, and which can generate a sufficiently high pressure to dissolve the frictional connection. In particular, the pyrotechnic separation unit should be optimized for a sufficiently long service life or number of operating hours, for example, the life of a motor vehicle according to or over 10 years.
  • At least the first connection element has a first receptacle on.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged.
  • the first receptacle can be formed integrally from the first connection element in a particularly simple manner.
  • the first receptacle may be a pot pulled out of the first connection element.
  • the first receptacle can be formed from at least two receiving elements.
  • a first receiving element of the first connection element can be integrally formed and a second receiving element, such as a sleeve, later be arranged on the first receiving element.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged beforehand in the second receiving element, the method used for attaching the second receiving element to the first receiving element not leading to heating up to the activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit. For example, methods such as friction welding, rotary friction welding, soldering or gluing can be used.
  • the second connection element may have a second receptacle.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged either in the first shot, the second shot or in both shots. It is also possible to provide a two-part pyrotechnic separation unit, it being possible for one part to be arranged in each case in one receptacle.
  • the term second recording does not necessarily mean the presence of a first recording, so that only on second connection element may be provided a receptacle.
  • the second connection element may have a projection corresponding to the first receptacle, such that in the conductive state of the circuit breaker the projection is arranged in a non-positive fit in the first receptacle.
  • the first receptacle take over the function of receiving the pyrotechnic separation unit and the non-positive connection with the second connection element simultaneously.
  • separate receptacles for the separation unit and the non-positive connection could be provided.
  • any other ways to connect the connecting elements frictionally, are covered by this invention.
  • first recording and the projection of at least two projection elements may be made in several parts.
  • at least one first and / or second projection element may then have a possible second receptacle.
  • connection element ie the conductive cross section, the length and the specific resistance of the material
  • the first connection element and / or the second connection element can have at least one notch increasing the ohmic resistance.
  • the electrically conductive cross sections are reduced, whereby the ohmic resistance increases, ultimately leads to a higher heat generation at the same power. Thereby, a simple and cost-effective means is given to influence the resistance of the connection elements.
  • the cross-section of the connected cables can also influence the heat introduced.
  • the different parts of a multi-part receptacle or a multi-part protrusion may also be made of different materials and thus have different resistors adapted to the required resistances for triggering the pyrotechnic separation unit.
  • the resistance can also be reduced by increasing the cross section. Also, by different compressed cross-sections of the elements of the resistance can be influenced.
  • the circuit breaker can be designed so that an activation current required to achieve the activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit by generating Joule heat is less than or equal to a maximum permissible current for the lines or cables and / or consumers connected to the connection elements.
  • the maximum allowable current may correspond to the current that, if exceeded, would result in burning through and destroying the connection cables and / or the insulation of the cables.
  • the first and / or the second connection element of a Flat part formed. This results in a particularly cost-effective production of the circuit breaker.
  • the flat parts can be easily deformed and thus can be formed in the connection elements with little technical effort both a first recording, if necessary, a second recording and a projection.
  • the two connection elements can be mechanically connected to one another. A current path is thereby made.
  • the force that needs to be expended in order to release this connection can be set by designing the first receptacle and the projection.
  • the projection is arranged by means of a press fit in the first receptacle.
  • Preferred is an immediate clamping connection between the projection and the first receptacle.
  • a conical interference fit is preferred.
  • the first receptacle and / or the projection may be formed tapered. It is preferred if the pot tapers, starting from the flat part.
  • the connecting elements can be formed particularly favorably if at least one flat part is produced from a metal sheet. Sheets of various strengths of electrically conductive materials are cheap and can be easily processed. Also, extruded strips can be used for the production of flat parts.
  • the flat parts are formed from the sheets by means of separation processes.
  • punching, laser cutting, sawing or other chipless or spanarnide separation methods are suitable as a separation process.
  • the first receptacle can be deep-drawn from the connection element or, for example, in two-part design of the first receptacle, punched.
  • the first receiving element may be a collar.
  • This collar can be formed, for example, during punching of the first receiving element from the connection element. Further, the collar may be formed by inserting a mandrel into the punch. On the collar then a second receiving element, for example by rotational friction welding, gluing or another, preferably cohesive, but also non-positive method can be attached.
  • the first receiving element and / or projection element can also be merely the surface in the region of a punched-out in the first or second connection element, with which the second receiving element or projection element is connected.
  • the circuit breaker can be produced in a particularly favorable manner if the projection is formed in one piece from the flat part.
  • the projection can be pulled out of the flat part. This can be done for example by means of ironing or deep drawing or by bending.
  • a stamp can be performed in the flat part, which forms in the flat part of the projection.
  • the projection is attached to the flat part by means of material and / or non-positive joining.
  • the projection is a deep-drawn pot corresponding to the recess.
  • Particularly preferred here is the very cost-effective and rapid production of the circuit breaker, when the projection is pulled only during the joining of the first connection element with the second connection element from the flat part.
  • the second connection element can be placed on the first connection element and a stamp can simultaneously form the projection and drive it into the first receptacle in order to join the connection elements together.
  • Another object of this invention is a method according to claim 27, for interrupting an electric current, in particular with a circuit breaker according to one or a combination of the previously described embodiments, in which a circuit breaker is traversed by an activation current, in which the first and / or the second connection element is heated by the Joule heat up to the activation temperature, in which the pyrotechnic separation unit is activated by the activation temperature and in which the activated pyrotechnic separation unit, the connection of the connection elements, in particular non-destructive dissolves and thus interrupts the current path.
  • Fig. 1 shows a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines, in particular power lines or battery cables, of motor vehicles, with a first connection element 1 and with a frictionally connected to the first connection element 1 second connection element 3.
  • the state shown is the conductive state of the circuit breaker, wherein between the first Connection element 1 and the second connection element 3 is a current path.
  • a pyrotechnic separation unit 5 that can be thermally activated by at least one connection element 1, 3 is provided on the first connection element 1.
  • connection elements 1,3 are also formed from an electrically conductive flat part.
  • the first connection element 1 has a first receptacle 7, which is integrally formed from the first connection element 1.
  • the first receptacle 7 is a drawn from the first connection element 1 pot.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 is arranged in the first receptacle 7.
  • the second connection element 3 has a projection 9 corresponding to the first receptacle 7.
  • the projection 9 is arranged non-positively in the first receptacle 7.
  • the projection 9 can, as in Fig. 1 shown to be integrally formed from the flat part of the second connection element 3.
  • the projection 9 can be pulled out of the flat part and, for example, be a corresponding to the first receptacle 7, deep-drawn pot.
  • An example of a location for a circuit breaker is the Polish of the battery or a fuse box in the mains.
  • the first receptacle 7 is formed from two receiving elements 11, 13.
  • the first receiving element 11 is formed integrally from the first connecting element 1.
  • the second receiving element 13 is connected to the first receiving element 11. This can be done for example by rotary friction welding.
  • first the second receiving element 13 with the pyrotechnic separation unit 5, in particular a chemical mixture are filled. All other methods for attaching the second receiving element 13 can also be used. It only has to be ensured that a sufficient connection strength is produced.
  • the receiving element 13 may be a previously manufactured sleeve, which is attached by friction welding to the first receiving element 11.
  • the first receiving element 11 could be only one surface in the region of the punched-out portion of the first connecting element 1.
  • the collar could be omitted.
  • the second receiving element 13 could be materially connected to the surface or the first receiving element 11.
  • the second receiving element 13 may also be made of a material having a different resistivity than the first connecting element 1. This makes it particularly easy to influence the development of Joule's heat.
  • Fig. 3 an alternative embodiment is shown in which the projection 9 tapers in the direction extending from the flat part.
  • a particularly good transfer of the heating of the second connection element 3 or of the projection 9 to the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can be achieved.
  • the projection 9 can be pulled out of the flat part during the joining of the first connection element 1 with the second connection element 3.
  • the production can be effectively simplified and accelerated.
  • the projection 9 can form a conical press fit with the first receptacle 7 after joining.
  • At least one flat part is made of a metal sheet.
  • at least one flat part may be formed from a sheet by means of a separation process.
  • connection elements 1,3, connections 15a, 15b can be formed for connection to a battery terminal.
  • the terminals 15 may be integrally formed with the connection elements 1.3.
  • points can be arranged in addition to the holes.
  • the terminals 15 allow connection to battery terminals. This allows the current path between a battery terminal and the motor vehicle network are hedged.
  • a current flow can run from terminal 15a via connection element 1, connection element 3 and connection 15b.
  • the circuit breaker heats up so much at least in the area of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 that it ignites.
  • the resulting by the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 gas pressure causes the projection 9 is pressed out of the first receptacle 7 and the current path between the connection element 1 and connection element 3 is interrupted.
  • the constriction 17 serves the purpose of simplifying the release of the connection elements 1.3.
  • the connecting element 3 can be bent more easily along the constriction 17. When blowing off, therefore, a smaller force acts on the port 15.
  • connection elements 1. 3 The position of the connection elements 1. 3 resulting from the sequence shown above is in Fig. 5 shown.
  • the projection 9 of the connection element 3 was blown out of the first receptacle 7 in the direction of the arrow A.
  • Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment.
  • the circuit breaker in addition to a catch housing 19.
  • this catch housing 19 a part of the connection element 3 is pivoted after the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5.
  • the catch housing prevents the connection element 3 can get into the engine compartment.
  • a second receptacle 21 may also be provided in the second connection element 3.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can then be arranged in the second receptacle 21.
  • a particularly compact design can be achieved if the second receptacle 21 is combined with the projection 9.
  • the first receptacle 7 may have a smaller depth.
  • the projection 9 is thus arranged non-positively in the first receptacle 7, the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 in a second receptacle 21, which in turn is arranged on the projection 9.
  • the first and / or second connection element 1.3 can each have a notch 23.
  • the electrically conductive cross section can be reduced at a favorable point and thus the Joule heat generated at this point can be increased.
  • the notches 23 or other adjustments of the component geometry in the area of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 are provided.
  • an O-ring 25 may be arranged for example on the circumference of the projection 7.
  • the effect of a notch can also be created at this point.
  • the gas pressure of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can thus be utilized particularly well. Manufacturing tolerances in the manufacture of the Projection 9 and the first receptacle 7 occur, the O-ring can also compensate.
  • Fig. 7 indicates the circuit breaker Fig. 6 in a position after the activation of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5.
  • the connection element 3 is thereby released from the connection element 1, in particular non-destructive, and pivoted into the catch housing 19.
  • connection elements 1,3 are designed as tubes.
  • the first connection element 1 has two receptacles 7a, 7b.
  • the receptacle 7a serves to receive the projection 9 of the second connection element 3 and thus to the frictional connection of the connection elements 1.3.
  • the electrically conductive state is shown.
  • the second connection element 3 also has a receptacle 21.
  • pyrotechnic separation units 5a and 5b are arranged.
  • the current profile is below the activation current I AKT .
  • This should preferably be below the maximum permissible current I MAX of the system to be protected, for example, the connection lines or the consumer.
  • the electric current leads to a Joule heating of the connection elements.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 is also heated, wherein the temperature is below the activation temperature T AKT until the time t AKT .
  • a small delay may occur, so that T AKT is reached at a time t AKT , which may be after the time t 1 .
  • AKT ignites the pyrotechnic separation unit 5, so that the non-positive connection of the connection elements 1.3, in particular non-destructive, is released, resulting in an interruption of the electrical connection.
  • the circuit breaker is designed as a function of the respective element to be protected. These can be, in addition to the connection lines and consumers. It is crucial in each case that the pyrotechnic separation unit is selected in combination with the connection elements so that the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 ignites reliably before reaching the maximum allowable current I MAX .
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized by cost-effective and simple production.
  • the pyrotechnic separation unit of the circuit breaker can be reassembled, so that an exchange of components can be omitted.
  • connecting elements of this invention are included, which are designed as connecting rails and, for example, can separate a plurality of current paths.
  • a connecting rail similar to a comb, could be provided.
  • Each tooth of the comb can then have for itself a pyrotechnic separation unit and solve the current path to another connection element as described above.
  • the individual current paths can be separated at different currents.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The breaker has two connecting units (1, 3) that are connected with each other. A current path extends between the connecting units in a conducting state of the breaker. A pyrotechnical interrupting unit (5) is provided on one of the connecting units, and interrupts the connection between the connecting units. The interrupting unit is thermally activated with an aid of a joule effect that is generated by one of the connecting units. An independent claim is also included for a method for interrupting power with a circuit breaker.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft im Allgemeinen einen Stromunterbrecher für elektrische Versorgungsleitungen, insbesondere Energieleitungen oder Batteriekabel, von Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem ersten Anschlusselement, mit einem mit dem ersten Anschlusselement verbindbaren zweiten Anschlusselement und mit einem in einem leitenden Zustand des Stromunterbrechers zwischen dem ersten Anschlusselement und dem zweiten Anschlusselement verlaufenden Strompfad.The invention generally relates to a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines, in particular power lines or battery cables, of motor vehicles with a first connection element, with a connectable to the first connection element second connection element and with a running in a conductive state of the circuit breaker between the first connection element and the second connection element current path.

Stromkreisunterbrecher für Kraftfahrzeuge sind hinlänglich bekannt. Beispielsweise ist in der DE 199 28 713 A1 ein Stromunterbrecher offenbart, der einen Schmelzleiter aufweist. Der Schmelzleiter ist an einem Reaktionsbehälter befestigt. Nach einem Zünden eines im Reaktionsbehälter befindlichen chemischen Gemisches durch einen Zündmechanismus erwärmt sich der Reaktionsbehälter so stark, dass der Schmelzleiter schmilzt und somit den Strompfad unterbricht. Ein bekannter Stromunterbrecher ist auch in dem Dokument DE-A-19819 662 offenbart.Circuit breakers for motor vehicles are well known. For example, in the DE 199 28 713 A1 discloses a circuit breaker having a fuse element. The fusible conductor is attached to a reaction vessel. After ignition of a chemical mixture in the reaction vessel by an ignition mechanism, the reaction vessel heats up so much that the melt conductor melts and thus interrupts the current path. A well-known circuit breaker is also in the document DE-A-19819662 disclosed.

Ein weiterer Stromunterbrecher zum Unterbrechen von mindestens zwei Strompfaden ist aus der DE 101 11 254 A1 bekannt. Dadurch soll es ermöglicht werden, einen Strompfad zu unterbrechen, während ein zweiter weiter aktiv sein kann. Hierdurch wird eine redundante Versorgung von beispielsweise sicherheitsrelevanten Systemen in Automobilen gewährleistet und gleichzeitig ist jeder Strompfad gegen Überlastung geschützt. Dafür weist jeder Stromunterbrecher mindestens drei Anschlüsse auf und wird nahe beim Verbraucher angeordnet. Ein Anschluss dient zum Anschließen des Verbrauchers, die weiteren zum Anschluß der Stromkreise, die Einzeln unterbrochen werden sollen. Steigt nun in einem Stromkreis der Strom über die Maximalgrenze, wird dieser getrennt werden. Die weiteren Stromkreise können jedoch ihre jeweiligen Verbraucher weiterhin versorgen.Another circuit breaker for breaking at least two current paths is from the DE 101 11 254 A1 known. This is to be made possible to interrupt a rung while a second can continue to be active. This ensures a redundant supply of, for example, safety-relevant systems in automobiles and at the same time, each current path is protected against overloading. Therefore Each circuit breaker has at least three terminals and is placed close to the consumer. One connection is used to connect the load, the others to connect the circuits that are to be interrupted individually. If the current in a circuit rises above the maximum limit, it will be disconnected. The other circuits, however, can continue to supply their respective consumers.

Zum Unterbrechen wird dabei im Stromunterbrecher ein bestimmter Querschnitt im Anschlusselement des jeweiligen Stromkreises zerstört, so dass der Strompfad unterbrochen ist. Zum Zerstören wird beispielsweise ein chemisches Gemisch verwendet, das an dem Querschnitt angeordnet ist und dem Zünden den Querschnitt zerstört.To interrupt a particular cross section in the connection element of the respective circuit is destroyed in the circuit breaker, so that the current path is interrupted. For destruction, for example, a chemical mixture is used which is arranged on the cross section and destroys the cross section of the ignition.

Die bekannten Stromunterbrecher haben diverse Nachteile. Elemente des Stromunterbrechers werden zunächst dauerhaft zerstört. Weiterhin sind zum Unterbrechen des Strompfades aufwändige Elemente zur Messung des im zu zerstörenden Element fließenden Stromes und zur Zündung des chemischen Gemisches notwendig, so dass die Stromunterbrecher teuer herzustellen sind.The known circuit breakers have various disadvantages. Elements of the circuit breaker are first permanently destroyed. Furthermore, expensive elements for measuring the current flowing in the element to be destroyed and for igniting the chemical mixture are necessary for interrupting the current path, so that the circuit breaker are expensive to produce.

Ausgehend von den zuvor aufgezeigten Nachteilen lag der Erfindung die technische Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Stromunterbrecher für elektrische Versorgungsleitungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der einerseits günstig in der Herstellung ist und andererseits einen fehlerfreien Betrieb gewährleistet.Based on the above-mentioned disadvantages of the invention, the technical object of the invention was to provide a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines available, on the one hand low in the production and on the other hand ensures a fault-free operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass gemäß dem Anspruch 1, eine durch von zumindest einem Anschlusselement abgegebener Jouleschen Wärme thermisch aktivierbare pyrotechnische Trenneinheit an mindestens einem der Anschlusselemente vorgesehen ist und dass mittels der aktivierten pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit die Verbindung zwischen den Anschlusselementen lösbar ist.This object is achieved in that according to claim 1, a thermally activated by at least one connection element Jouleschen heat Pyrotechnic separation unit is provided on at least one of the connection elements and that by means of the activated pyrotechnic separation unit, the connection between the connection elements is detachable.

Dabei kann die Verbindung der Anschlusselemente durch Stoffschluss hergestellt sein. Beispielsweise könnte das zweite Anschlusselement durch Verkleben mit dem ersten Anschlusselement verbunden sein. Dann kann insbesondere das zweite Anschlusselement eine einfache Geometrie aufweisen.In this case, the connection of the connection elements can be made by material connection. For example, the second connection element could be connected by gluing to the first connection element. Then, in particular, the second connection element may have a simple geometry.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Anschlusselemente kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Dann kann die Verbindung durch die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit insbesondere zerstörungsfrei gelöst werden.It is particularly preferred if the connection elements are non-positively connected to each other. Then the connection can be solved by the pyrotechnic separation unit in particular non-destructive.

Erfindungsgemäß ist erkannt worden, dass eine pyrotechnische Trenneinheit - passiv - durch die durch den durch die Anschlusselemente fließenden elektrischen Strom erzeugte Temperatur aktiviert werden kann. Jeder elektrische Widerstand R erzeugt eine Joulesche Wärme Q, die proportional zum Produkt aus dem Widerstand R und dem Quadrat des durch ihn fließenden Stromes I ist (Q - R * I2). In Abhängigkeit der erzeugten Wärme steigt dann die Temperatur der Anschlusselemente. Somit kann der Widerstand des ersten und/oder des zweiten Anschlusselements so angepasst werden, dass bei einem bestimmten Strom und nach einer bestimmten Zeit eine bestimmte Aktivierungstemperatur der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit erreicht wird. Dabei zeichnet sich ein erfindungsgemäßer Stromunterbrecher besonders durch seine kompakte und kostengünstige Herstellung aus.According to the invention, it has been recognized that a pyrotechnic separation unit - passive - can be activated by the temperature generated by the electrical current flowing through the connection elements. Each electrical resistance R produces a Joule heat Q which is proportional to the product of the resistance R and the square of the current I flowing through it (Q - R * I 2 ). Depending on the heat generated then increases the temperature of the connection elements. Thus, the resistance of the first and / or the second connection element can be adjusted so that at a certain current and after a certain time, a certain activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit is achieved. In this case, an inventive circuit breaker is characterized by its compact and cost-effective production.

Beispielsweise kann die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit so ausgelegt sein, dass sie zwischen 160°C und 195°C, insbesondere bei 170°C zündet. Somit wäre eine Dauerbetriebstemperatur des Stromunterbrechers zwischen 100°C und 125°C, insbesondere bei 115°C möglich. Natürlich können auch höhere oder niedrigere Temperaturniveaus, abhängig von der Auslegung der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit, realisiert werden. Den Temperaturen ist jeweils, durch den oben erläuterten Zusammenhang, eine Stromstärke, im Abhängigkeit vom Querschnitt der Elemente und der Dauer der Ströme, zugeordnet. Darüber läßt sich, eventuell in geringem Maße beeinflusst durch die äußeren klimatischen Bedingungen, die bei der Auslegung zu berücksichtigen sind, ein Aktivierungsstrom des Stromunterbrechers justieren.For example, the pyrotechnic separation unit may be designed so that it ignites between 160 ° C and 195 ° C, in particular at 170 ° C. Thus, a continuous operating temperature of the circuit breaker between 100 ° C and 125 ° C, in particular at 115 ° C is possible. Of course, higher or lower temperature levels, depending on the design of the pyrotechnic separation unit, can be realized. The temperatures are each, by the above-described context, a current, depending on the cross-section of the elements and the duration of the currents assigned. In addition, possibly influenced to a small extent by the external climatic conditions, which are to be considered in the interpretation, adjust an activation current of the circuit breaker.

Als pyrotechnische Trenneinheit lassen sich beispielsweise solche Mischungen verwenden, wie sie in der DE 20 2004 002 292 U1 offenbart sind. Diese Mischungen zeichnen sich durch eine besonders hohe Langzeitstabilität aus. Es lassen sich jedoch im Prinzip alle Mischungen verwenden, die thermisch aktiviert werden können, also durch Zufuhr von Wärme, und einen genügend hohen Druck zur Lösung der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung erzeugen können. Insbesondere sollte die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit auf eine genügend hohe Lebensdauer bzw. Anzahl Betriebsstunden optimiert sein, beispielsweise der Lebensdauer eines Kraftfahrzeugs entsprechend oder über 10 Jahre.As a pyrotechnic separation unit, for example, such mixtures can be used, as described in the DE 20 2004 002 292 U1 are disclosed. These mixtures are characterized by a particularly high long-term stability. In principle, however, it is possible to use all mixtures which can be thermally activated, that is to say by the supply of heat, and which can generate a sufficiently high pressure to dissolve the frictional connection. In particular, the pyrotechnic separation unit should be optimized for a sufficiently long service life or number of operating hours, for example, the life of a motor vehicle according to or over 10 years.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist mindestens das erste Anschlusselement eine erste Aufnahme auf. In dieser Aufnahme kann die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit angeordnet werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least the first connection element has a first receptacle on. In this recording, the pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged.

Besonders einfach läßt sich die erste Aufnahme einstückig aus dem ersten Anschlusselement formen. Dabei kann die erste Aufnahme ein aus dem ersten Anschlusselement gezogener Topf sein.The first receptacle can be formed integrally from the first connection element in a particularly simple manner. In this case, the first receptacle may be a pot pulled out of the first connection element.

Alternativ kann die erste Aufnahme aus mindestens zwei Aufnahmeelementen gebildet sein. Somit kann beispielsweise ein erstes Aufnahmeelement aus dem ersten Anschlusselement einstückig geformt werden und ein zweites Aufnahmeelement, beispielsweise eine Hülse, später an dem ersten Aufnahmeelement angeordnet werden. In dem zweiten Aufnahmeelement kann dabei zuvor die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit angeordnet werden, wobei das Verfahren, das zum Anbringen des zweiten Aufnahmeelementes an das erste Aufnahmeelement verwendet wird nicht zu einer Erwärmung bis zur Aktivierungstemperatur der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit führt. Beispielsweise können Verfahren wie Reibschweißen, Rotationsreibschweißen, Löten oder Kleben angewendet werden.Alternatively, the first receptacle can be formed from at least two receiving elements. Thus, for example, a first receiving element of the first connection element can be integrally formed and a second receiving element, such as a sleeve, later be arranged on the first receiving element. The pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged beforehand in the second receiving element, the method used for attaching the second receiving element to the first receiving element not leading to heating up to the activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit. For example, methods such as friction welding, rotary friction welding, soldering or gluing can be used.

Weiterhin kann das zweite Anschlusselement eine zweite Aufnahme aufweisen. Somit kann die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit entweder in der ersten Aufnahme, der zweiten Aufnahme oder in beiden Aufnahmen angeordnet sein. Es kann auch eine zweiteilige pyrotechnische Trenneinheit vorgesehen werden, wobei jeweils ein Teil in jeweils einer Aufnahme angeordnet sein kann. Der Begriff zweite Aufnahme muß dabei nicht zwangsläufig das Vorhandensein einer ersten Aufnahme bedeuten, so dass auch nur am zweiten Anschlusselement eine Aufnahme vorgesehen sein kann.Furthermore, the second connection element may have a second receptacle. Thus, the pyrotechnic separation unit can be arranged either in the first shot, the second shot or in both shots. It is also possible to provide a two-part pyrotechnic separation unit, it being possible for one part to be arranged in each case in one receptacle. The term second recording does not necessarily mean the presence of a first recording, so that only on second connection element may be provided a receptacle.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann das zweite Anschlusselement einen mit der ersten Aufnahme korrespondierenden Vorsprung aufweisen, derart dass im leitenden Zustand des Stromunterbrechers der Vorsprung kraftschlüssig in der ersten Aufnahme angeordnet ist. Somit kann die erste Aufnahme die Funktion zur Aufnahme der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit und zur kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit dem zweiten Anschlusselement gleichzeitig übernehmen. Alternativ könnten auch getrennte Aufnahmen für die Trenneinheit und die kraftschlüssige Verbindung vorgesehen sein. Auch etwaige weitere Möglichkeiten, die Anschlusselemente kraftschlüssig zu verbinden, sind von dieser Erfindung mit erfasst.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second connection element may have a projection corresponding to the first receptacle, such that in the conductive state of the circuit breaker the projection is arranged in a non-positive fit in the first receptacle. Thus, the first receptacle take over the function of receiving the pyrotechnic separation unit and the non-positive connection with the second connection element simultaneously. Alternatively, separate receptacles for the separation unit and the non-positive connection could be provided. Also, any other ways to connect the connecting elements frictionally, are covered by this invention.

Ebenso wie die erste Aufnahme kann auch der Vorsprung aus mindestens zwei Vorsprungelementen mehrteilig ausgeführt sein. Ebenso kann dann mindestens ein erstes und/oder zweites Vorsprungelement eine etwaige zweite Aufnahme aufweisen.As well as the first recording and the projection of at least two projection elements may be made in several parts. Likewise, at least one first and / or second projection element may then have a possible second receptacle.

Zur Einflussnahme auf die vom Strom erzeugte Joulesche Wärme sind zunächst alle den Widerstand eines Anschlusselements beeinflussenden Parameter, also der leitende Querschnitt, Länge sowie spezifischer Widerstand des Werkstoffs geeignet. Beispielsweise kann das erste Anschlusselement und/oder das zweite Anschlusselement mindestens eine den ohmschen Widerstand erhöhende Einkerbung aufweisen. Durch eine oder mehrere Einkerbungen eines der oder beider Anschlusselemente werden die elektrisch leitenden Querschnitte verkleinert, wodurch sich der ohmsche Widerstand erhöht, was letztlich zu einer höher Wärmeerzeugung bei gleichem Strom führt. Dadurch ist ein einfaches und kostengünstiges Mittel gegeben, den Widerstand der Anschlusselemente zu beeinflussen. Auch der Querschnitt der angeschlossenen Kabel kann Einfluss auf die eingebrachte Wärme haben.To influence the Joule heat generated by the current, all the parameters influencing the resistance of a connection element, ie the conductive cross section, the length and the specific resistance of the material are initially suitable. By way of example, the first connection element and / or the second connection element can have at least one notch increasing the ohmic resistance. By one or more notches of one or both connection elements, the electrically conductive cross sections are reduced, whereby the ohmic resistance increases, ultimately leads to a higher heat generation at the same power. Thereby, a simple and cost-effective means is given to influence the resistance of the connection elements. The cross-section of the connected cables can also influence the heat introduced.

Alternativ können beispielsweise die verschiedenen Teile einer mehrteiligen Aufnahme bzw. eines mehrteiligen Vorsprungs ebenfalls aus unterschiedlichen Materialien hergestellt sein und somit verschiedene, den erforderlichen Widerständen zum Auslösen der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit angepasste spezifische Widerstände aufweisen.Alternatively, for example, the different parts of a multi-part receptacle or a multi-part protrusion may also be made of different materials and thus have different resistors adapted to the required resistances for triggering the pyrotechnic separation unit.

Falls erforderlich kann der Widerstand auch durch Vergrößern des Querschnitts verringert werden. Auch kann durch unterschiedlich verpresste Querschnitte der Elemente der Widerstand beeinflusst werden.If necessary, the resistance can also be reduced by increasing the cross section. Also, by different compressed cross-sections of the elements of the resistance can be influenced.

Insbesondere kann der Stromunterbrecher so ausgelegt werden, dass ein zur Erreichung der Aktivierungstemperatur der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit durch Erzeugung von Joulescher Wärme benötigter Aktivierungsstrom kleiner oder gleich ist, als ein für die an die Anschlusselemente angeschlossenen Leitungen bzw. Kabel und/oder Verbraucher maximal zulässiger Strom. Beispielsweise kann der maximal zulässige Strom dem Strom entsprechen, der beim Übersteigen zum Durchbrennen und Zerstören der Anschlusskabel und/oder der Isolierung der Kabel führen würde.In particular, the circuit breaker can be designed so that an activation current required to achieve the activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separation unit by generating Joule heat is less than or equal to a maximum permissible current for the lines or cables and / or consumers connected to the connection elements. For example, the maximum allowable current may correspond to the current that, if exceeded, would result in burning through and destroying the connection cables and / or the insulation of the cables.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das erste und/oder das zweite Anschlusselement aus einem Flachteil gebildet. Daraus ergibt sich eine besonders kostengünstige Herstellung des Stromunterbrechers.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first and / or the second connection element of a Flat part formed. This results in a particularly cost-effective production of the circuit breaker.

Die Flachteile lassen sich leicht verformen und somit kann in den Anschlusselementen mit geringem technischem Aufwand sowohl eine erste Aufnahme, bei Bedarf eine zweite Aufnahme als auch ein Vorsprung gebildet werden. Mittels der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Vorsprung und erster Aufnahme lassen sich die beiden Anschlusselemente mechanisch miteinander verbinden. Ein Strompfad wird hierdurch hergestellt. Die Kraft, die aufgewendet werden muss, um diese Verbindung zu lösen, lässt sich durch Gestaltung der ersten Aufnahme und des Vorsprungs einstellen. Vorzugsweise ist der Vorsprung mittels Presspassung in der ersten Aufnahme angeordnet. Bevorzugt ist eine unmittelbare Spannverbindung zwischen Vorsprung und erster Aufnahme. Insbesondere ein konischer Presssitz ist bevorzugt. Hierbei kann die erste Aufnahme und/oder der Vorsprung sich verjüngend geformt sein. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Topf sich ausgehend vom Flachteil verjüngt.The flat parts can be easily deformed and thus can be formed in the connection elements with little technical effort both a first recording, if necessary, a second recording and a projection. By means of the frictional connection between the projection and the first receptacle, the two connection elements can be mechanically connected to one another. A current path is thereby made. The force that needs to be expended in order to release this connection can be set by designing the first receptacle and the projection. Preferably, the projection is arranged by means of a press fit in the first receptacle. Preferred is an immediate clamping connection between the projection and the first receptacle. In particular, a conical interference fit is preferred. Here, the first receptacle and / or the projection may be formed tapered. It is preferred if the pot tapers, starting from the flat part.

Besonders günstig lassen sich die Anschlusselemente bilden, wenn zumindest ein Flachteil aus einem Blech hergestellt ist. Bleche verschiedenster Stärken aus elektrisch leitenden Werkstoffen sind günstig und lassen sich einfach verarbeiten. Auch lassen sich stranggepresste Bänder für die Herstellung der Flachteile verwenden.The connecting elements can be formed particularly favorably if at least one flat part is produced from a metal sheet. Sheets of various strengths of electrically conductive materials are cheap and can be easily processed. Also, extruded strips can be used for the production of flat parts.

Bevorzugt ist es, wenn aus den Blechen die Flachteile mittels Trennverfahren geformt werden. Als Trennverfahren eignen sich insbesondere Stanzen, Laserschneiden, Sägen bzw. sonstige spanlose oder spanhebende Trennverfahren.It is preferred if the flat parts are formed from the sheets by means of separation processes. In particular punching, laser cutting, sawing or other chipless or spanhebende separation methods are suitable as a separation process.

Die erste Aufnahme kann aus dem Anschlusselement tiefgezogen oder, beispielsweise bei zweiteiliger Ausführung der ersten Aufnahme, gestanzt werden.The first receptacle can be deep-drawn from the connection element or, for example, in two-part design of the first receptacle, punched.

Bei zweiteiliger Ausführung der ersten Aufnahme kann das erste Aufnahmeelement ein Kragen sein. Dieser Kragen kann beispielsweise beim Ausstanzen des ersten Aufnahmeelements aus dem Anschlusselement gebildet werden. Ferner kann der Kragen durch Einfügen einer Dorns in die Ausstanzung gebildet werden. An dem Kragen kann dann ein zweites Aufnahmeelement, beispielsweise durch Rotationsreibschweißen, Kleben oder ein anderes, vorzugsweise stoffschlüssiges, aber auch kraftschlüssiges Verfahren angebracht werden.In two-part design of the first receptacle, the first receiving element may be a collar. This collar can be formed, for example, during punching of the first receiving element from the connection element. Further, the collar may be formed by inserting a mandrel into the punch. On the collar then a second receiving element, for example by rotational friction welding, gluing or another, preferably cohesive, but also non-positive method can be attached.

Das erste Aufnahmeelement und/oder Vorsprungelement kann auch lediglich die Fläche im Bereich einer Ausstanzung im ersten bzw. zweiten Anschlusselement sein, mit der das zweite Aufnahmeelement bzw. Vorsprungelement verbunden wird.The first receiving element and / or projection element can also be merely the surface in the region of a punched-out in the first or second connection element, with which the second receiving element or projection element is connected.

Besonders günstig lässt sich der Stromunterbrecher herstellen, wenn der Vorsprung einstückig aus dem Flachteil gebildet ist. Vorzugsweise lässt sich der Vorsprung aus dem Flachteil ziehen. Dies kann beispielsweise mittels Streckziehen oder Tiefziehen bzw. mittels Biegen erfolgen. Hierbei kann ein Stempel in das Flachteil geführt werden, wodurch sich in dem Flachteil der Vorsprung ausbildet. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass der Vorsprung an das Flachteil mittels stoff- und/oder kraftschlüssigen Fügens angebracht wird.The circuit breaker can be produced in a particularly favorable manner if the projection is formed in one piece from the flat part. Preferably, the projection can be pulled out of the flat part. This can be done for example by means of ironing or deep drawing or by bending. Here, a stamp can be performed in the flat part, which forms in the flat part of the projection. However, it is also possible that the projection is attached to the flat part by means of material and / or non-positive joining.

Bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Vorsprung ein mit der Ausnehmung korrespondierender, tiefgezogener Topf ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei die sehr kostengünstige und schnelle Herstellung des Stromunterbrechers, wenn der Vorsprung erst während des Fügens des ersten Anschlusselementes mit dem zweiten Anschlusselement aus dem Flachteil gezogen wird. Hierbei kann beispielsweise das zweite Anschlusselement auf das erste Anschlusselement gelegt werden und ein Stempel kann gleichzeitig den Vorsprung formen und in die erste Aufnahme treiben, um die Anschlusselemente miteinander zu fügen.It is preferred if the projection is a deep-drawn pot corresponding to the recess. Particularly preferred here is the very cost-effective and rapid production of the circuit breaker, when the projection is pulled only during the joining of the first connection element with the second connection element from the flat part. In this case, for example, the second connection element can be placed on the first connection element and a stamp can simultaneously form the projection and drive it into the first receptacle in order to join the connection elements together.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand dieser Erfindung ist ein Verfahren, gemäß dem Anspruch 27, zum Unterbrechen eines elektrischen Stromes, insbesondere mit einem Stromunterbrecher nach einer oder einer Kombination einer der zuvor erläuterten Ausführungen, bei dem ein Stromunterbrecher von einem Aktivierungsstrom durchflossen wird, bei dem sich das erste und/oder das zweite Anschlusselement durch die Joulesche Wärme bis zur Aktivierungstemperatur erwärmt, bei dem die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit durch die Aktivierungstemperatur aktiviert wird und bei dem die aktivierte pyrotechnische Trenneinheit die Verbindung der Anschlusselemente, insbesondere zerstörungsfrei, löst und somit den Strompfad unterbricht.Another object of this invention is a method according to claim 27, for interrupting an electric current, in particular with a circuit breaker according to one or a combination of the previously described embodiments, in which a circuit breaker is traversed by an activation current, in which the first and / or the second connection element is heated by the Joule heat up to the activation temperature, in which the pyrotechnic separation unit is activated by the activation temperature and in which the activated pyrotechnic separation unit, the connection of the connection elements, in particular non-destructive dissolves and thus interrupts the current path.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer Ausführungsbeispiele zeigenden Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiments showing drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Stromunterbrecher mit einer einteiligen ersten Aufnahme,
Fig. 2
einen Stromunterbrecher mit einer zweiteiligen ersten Aufnahme,
Fig. 3
einen Stromunterbrecher mit einem sich verjüngenden Vorsprung,
Fig. 4
einen Stromunterbrecher in kraftschlüssig verbundener Form,
Fig. 5
einen Stromunterbrecher in durch die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit gelöster Form,
Fig. 6
eine alternative Ausgestaltungsform mit Gehäuse,
Fig. 7
eine alternative Ausgestaltungsform mit Gehäuse in durch die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit gelöster Form,
Fig. 8
eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform,
Fig. 9
eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform in durch die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit gelöster Form und
Fig. 10
ein Diagramm der Strom- und Temperaturverläufe.
In the drawing show
Fig. 1
a circuit breaker having a one-piece first receptacle,
Fig. 2
a circuit breaker with a two-piece first receptacle,
Fig. 3
a circuit breaker with a tapered projection,
Fig. 4
a circuit breaker in a frictionally connected form,
Fig. 5
a circuit breaker in dissolved by the pyrotechnic separation unit form,
Fig. 6
an alternative embodiment with housing,
Fig. 7
an alternative embodiment with housing in dissolved by the pyrotechnic separation unit form,
Fig. 8
another embodiment,
Fig. 9
a further embodiment in dissolved by the pyrotechnic separation unit shape and
Fig. 10
a diagram of the current and temperature curves.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Stromunterbrecher für elektrische Versorgungsleitungen, insbesondere Energieleitungen oder Batteriekabel, von Kraftfahrzeugen, mit einem ersten Anschlusselement 1 und mit einem mit dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 kraftschlüssig verbundenen zweiten Anschlusselement 3. Der gezeigte Zustand ist der leitende Zustand des Stromunterbrechers, wobei zwischen dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 und dem zweiten Anschlusselement 3 ein Strompfad verläuft. Fig. 1 shows a circuit breaker for electrical supply lines, in particular power lines or battery cables, of motor vehicles, with a first connection element 1 and with a frictionally connected to the first connection element 1 second connection element 3. The state shown is the conductive state of the circuit breaker, wherein between the first Connection element 1 and the second connection element 3 is a current path.

Des Weiteren ist eine durch von zumindest einem Anschlusselement 1,3 abgegebener Jouleschen Wärme thermisch aktivierbare pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 an dem ersten Anschlusselemente 1 vorgesehen.Furthermore, a pyrotechnic separation unit 5 that can be thermally activated by at least one connection element 1, 3 is provided on the first connection element 1.

Beide Anschlusselemente 1,3 sind zudem aus einem elektrisch leitenden Flachteil gebildet.Both connection elements 1,3 are also formed from an electrically conductive flat part.

Wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, weist das erste Anschlusselement 1 eine erste Aufnahme 7 auf, die einstückig aus dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 geformt ist. Dabei ist die erste Aufnahme 7 ein aus dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 gezogener Topf. Die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 ist in der ersten Aufnahme 7 angeordnet.As in Fig. 1 1, the first connection element 1 has a first receptacle 7, which is integrally formed from the first connection element 1. In this case, the first receptacle 7 is a drawn from the first connection element 1 pot. The pyrotechnic separation unit 5 is arranged in the first receptacle 7.

Das zweite Anschlusselement 3 weist einen mit der ersten Aufnahme 7 korrespondierenden Vorsprung 9 auf. Im leitenden Zustand des Stromunterbrechers ist der Vorsprung 9 kraftschlüssig in der ersten Aufnahme 7 angeordnet. Der Vorsprung 9 kann, wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, einstückig aus dem Flachteil des zweiten Anschlusselements 3 gebildet sein. Hierfür kann der Vorsprung 9 aus dem Flachteil gezogen werden und beispielsweise ein mit der ersten Aufnahme 7 korrespondierender, tiefgezogener Topf sein.The second connection element 3 has a projection 9 corresponding to the first receptacle 7. In the conductive state of the circuit breaker, the projection 9 is arranged non-positively in the first receptacle 7. The projection 9 can, as in Fig. 1 shown to be integrally formed from the flat part of the second connection element 3. For this purpose, the projection 9 can be pulled out of the flat part and, for example, be a corresponding to the first receptacle 7, deep-drawn pot.

Beispielhafter Einbauort für einen Stromunterbrecher ist die Polnische der Batterie oder eine Sicherungsbox im Leitungsnetz.An example of a location for a circuit breaker is the Polish of the battery or a fuse box in the mains.

In Fig. 2 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform gezeigt. Abweichend von dem zuvor erläuterten Beispiel ist hier die erste Aufnahme 7 aus zwei Aufnahmeelementen 11,13 gebildet. Das erste Aufnahmeelement 11 ist aus dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 einstückig geformt. Dafür wurde ein Teil des ersten Anschlusselements ausgestanzt, so dass das erste Aufnahmeelement 11 der Kragen einer Ausstanzung aus dem Flachteil ist. Das zweite Aufnahmeelement 13 ist mit dem ersten Aufnahmeelement 11 verbunden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Rotationsreibschweißen bewerkstelligt werden. Dabei kann in einem vorgelagerten Arbeitsschritt zunächst das zweite Aufnahmeelement 13 mit der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5, insbesondere einer chemischen Mischung, befüllt werden. Auch alle anderen Verfahren zum Anbringen des zweiten Aufnahmeelements 13 können angewendet werden. Es muß nur sichergestellt werden, dass eine genügende Verbindungsfestigkeit hergestellt wird. Das Aufnahmeelement 13 kann eine zuvor gefertigte Hülse sein, die durch Reibschweißen an das erste Aufnahmeelement 11 angebracht wird.In Fig. 2 a further embodiment is shown. Notwithstanding the example explained above, here the first receptacle 7 is formed from two receiving elements 11, 13. The first receiving element 11 is formed integrally from the first connecting element 1. For this purpose, a part of the first connection element was punched out, so that the first receiving element 11 is the collar of a punched out of the flat part. The second receiving element 13 is connected to the first receiving element 11. This can be done for example by rotary friction welding. In this case, in a preliminary working step, first the second receiving element 13 with the pyrotechnic separation unit 5, in particular a chemical mixture, are filled. All other methods for attaching the second receiving element 13 can also be used. It only has to be ensured that a sufficient connection strength is produced. The receiving element 13 may be a previously manufactured sleeve, which is attached by friction welding to the first receiving element 11.

Alternativ könnte das erste Aufnahmeelement 11 lediglich eine Fläche im Bereich der Ausstanzung aus dem ersten Anschlusselement 1 sein. Anders ausgedrückt: Es könnte der Kragen entfallen. Dann könnte das zweite Aufnahmeelement 13 stoffschlüssig mit der Fläche bzw. dem ersten Aufnahmeelement 11 verbunden werden.Alternatively, the first receiving element 11 could be only one surface in the region of the punched-out portion of the first connecting element 1. In other words, the collar could be omitted. Then, the second receiving element 13 could be materially connected to the surface or the first receiving element 11.

Das zweite Aufnahmeelement 13 kann darüber hinaus aus einem einen anderen spezifischen Widerstand aufweisenden Material als das erste Anschlusselement 1 hergestellt sein. So kann besonders einfach auf die Entwicklung der Jouleschen Wärme Einfluss genommen werden.The second receiving element 13 may also be made of a material having a different resistivity than the first connecting element 1. This makes it particularly easy to influence the development of Joule's heat.

In Fig. 3 ist eine alternative Ausführungsform gezeigt, bei der sich der Vorsprung 9 in der vom Flachteil erstreckenden Richtung verjüngt. Dadurch kann eine besonders gute Übertragung der Erwärmung des zweiten Anschlusselements 3 bzw. des Vorsprungs 9 auf die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 erreicht werden.In Fig. 3 an alternative embodiment is shown in which the projection 9 tapers in the direction extending from the flat part. As a result, a particularly good transfer of the heating of the second connection element 3 or of the projection 9 to the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can be achieved.

Generell kann der Vorsprung 9 während des Fügens des ersten Anschlusselements 1 mit dem zweiten Anschlusselement 3 aus dem Flachteil gezogen sein. So kann die Herstellung effektiv vereinfacht und beschleunigt werden. Um einen guten Kraftschluss zu erhalten, kann der Vorsprung 9 mit der ersten Aufnahme 7 nach dem Fügen einen konischen Pressitz bilden.In general, the projection 9 can be pulled out of the flat part during the joining of the first connection element 1 with the second connection element 3. Thus, the production can be effectively simplified and accelerated. In order to obtain a good frictional connection, the projection 9 can form a conical press fit with the first receptacle 7 after joining.

Eine besonders kostengünstige Herstellung kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass zumindest ein Flachteil aus einem Blech hergestellt ist. Dabei kann vorzugsweise zumindest ein Flachteil aus einem Blech mittels eines Trennverfahrens geformt werden.A particularly cost-effective production can be achieved in that at least one flat part is made of a metal sheet. In this case, preferably at least one flat part may be formed from a sheet by means of a separation process.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Stromunterbrecher in einer kraftschlüssig und somit elektrisch verbundenen Stellung der Anschlusselemente 1,3 vor der Aktivierung der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 gezeigt. An den Anschlusselementen 1,3 können Anschlüsse 15a,15b zum Anschluss an eine Batterieklemme angeformt sein. Die Anschlüsse 15 können einstückig mit den Anschlusselementen 1,3 gebildet sein. An den Anschlüssen 15 können neben den Bohrungen auch Stützpunkte angeordnet sein. Die Anschlüsse 15 ermöglichen den Anschluss an Batteriepolklemmen. Hierdurch kann der Strompfad zwischen einer Batteriepolklemme und dem Kraftfahrzeugnetz abgesichert werden.In Fig. 4 a circuit breaker in a non-positively and thus electrically connected position of the connection elements 1.3 is shown prior to the activation of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5. At the connection elements 1,3, connections 15a, 15b can be formed for connection to a battery terminal. The terminals 15 may be integrally formed with the connection elements 1.3. At the terminals 15 also points can be arranged in addition to the holes. The terminals 15 allow connection to battery terminals. This allows the current path between a battery terminal and the motor vehicle network are hedged.

Ein Stromfluss kann von Anschluss 15a über Anschlusselement 1, Anschlusselement 3 und Anschluss 15b verlaufen. Im Fall eines zu großen elektrischen Stromes, beispielsweise durch einen Kurzschluss, erhitzt sich der Stromunterbrecher zumindest im Bereich der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 so stark, dass diese zündet. Der durch das Zünden der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 entstehende Gasdruck bewirkt, dass der Vorsprung 9 aus der ersten Aufnahme 7 gepresst wird und der Strompfad zwischen Anschlusselement 1 und Anschlusselement 3 unterbrochen wird. Die Einschnürung 17 dient dabei dem Zweck, das Lösen der Anschlusselemente 1,3 zu vereinfachen. Das Anschlusselement 3 lässt sich entlang der Einschnürung 17 leichter verbiegen. Beim Absprengen wirkt daher eine geringere Kraft auf den Anschluss 15.A current flow can run from terminal 15a via connection element 1, connection element 3 and connection 15b. In the case of a too large electrical current, for example due to a short circuit, the circuit breaker heats up so much at least in the area of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 that it ignites. The resulting by the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 gas pressure causes the projection 9 is pressed out of the first receptacle 7 and the current path between the connection element 1 and connection element 3 is interrupted. The constriction 17 serves the purpose of simplifying the release of the connection elements 1.3. The connecting element 3 can be bent more easily along the constriction 17. When blowing off, therefore, a smaller force acts on the port 15.

Die sich aus dem zuvor dargestellten Ablauf ergebende Stellung der Anschlusselemente 1,3 ist in Fig. 5 gezeigt. Der Vorsprung 9 des Anschlusselements 3 wurde aus der ersten Aufnahme 7 in Richtung des Pfeils A gesprengt.The position of the connection elements 1. 3 resulting from the sequence shown above is in Fig. 5 shown. The projection 9 of the connection element 3 was blown out of the first receptacle 7 in the direction of the arrow A.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass nach dem Auslösen lediglich die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 erneuert und das Anschlusselement 3 entgegen der Richtung des Pfeils A wieder in die erste Aufnahme 7 geklappt werden muss. Eine kostenintensive und aufwändige Reparatur des Stromunterbrechers kann entfallen.It is particularly advantageous that after triggering only the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 renewed and the connection element 3 against the direction of the arrow A must be folded back into the first receptacle 7. A costly and complex repair of the circuit breaker can be omitted.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Schnittansicht eines Stromunterbrechers gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispieles. Neben den zuvor beschriebenen Elementen weist der Stromunterbrecher zusätzlich ein Fanggehäuse 19 auf. In dieses Fanggehäuse 19 wird ein Teil des Anschlusselements 3 nach dem Zünden der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 geschwenkt. Das Fanggehäuse verhindert, dass das Anschlusselement 3 in den Motorraum gelangen kann. Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment. In addition to the previously described elements, the circuit breaker in addition to a catch housing 19. In this catch housing 19, a part of the connection element 3 is pivoted after the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5. The catch housing prevents the connection element 3 can get into the engine compartment.

Wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt, kann auch im zweiten Anschlusselement 3 eine zweite Aufnahme 21 vorgesehen werden. Die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 kann dann in der zweiten Aufnahme 21 angeordnet werden. Eine besonders kompakte Bauform läßt sich erreichen, wenn die zweite Aufnahme 21 mit dem Vorsprung 9 kombiniert wird. Dann kann die erste Aufnahme 7 eine geringere Tiefe aufweisen. Der Vorsprung 9 ist also kraftschlüssig in der ersten Aufnahme 7 angeordnet, die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 in einer zweiten Aufnahme 21, die wiederum an dem Vorsprung 9 angeordnet ist.As in Fig. 6 shown, a second receptacle 21 may also be provided in the second connection element 3. The pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can then be arranged in the second receptacle 21. A particularly compact design can be achieved if the second receptacle 21 is combined with the projection 9. Then, the first receptacle 7 may have a smaller depth. The projection 9 is thus arranged non-positively in the first receptacle 7, the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 in a second receptacle 21, which in turn is arranged on the projection 9.

Zusätzlich ist in Fig. 6 gezeigt, dass das erste und/oder zweite Anschlusselement 1,3 jeweils eine Einkerbung 23 aufweisen können. Durch die Einkerbungen 23 kann an günstiger Stelle der elektrisch leitende Querschnitt verringert und so die an dieser Stelle erzeugte Joulesche Wärme erhöht werden. Vorteilhaft werden die Einkerbungen 23 oder andere Anpassungen der Bauteilegeometrie im Bereich der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 vorgesehen. Weiterhin kann, wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt, ein O-Ring 25 beispielsweise am Umfang des Vorsprungs 7 angeordnet sein. Einerseits kann an dieser Stelle so ebenfalls der Effekt einer Einkerbung hervorgerufen werden. Andererseits kann so der Gasdruck der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 besonders gut ausgenutzt werden. Fertigungstoleranzen, die bei der Herstellung des Vorsprungs 9 und der ersten Aufnahme 7 auftreten, kann der O-Ring ebenso ausgleichen.Additionally is in Fig. 6 shown that the first and / or second connection element 1.3 can each have a notch 23. By means of the notches 23, the electrically conductive cross section can be reduced at a favorable point and thus the Joule heat generated at this point can be increased. Advantageously, the notches 23 or other adjustments of the component geometry in the area of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 are provided. Furthermore, as in Fig. 6 shown, an O-ring 25 may be arranged for example on the circumference of the projection 7. On the one hand, the effect of a notch can also be created at this point. On the other hand, the gas pressure of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 can thus be utilized particularly well. Manufacturing tolerances in the manufacture of the Projection 9 and the first receptacle 7 occur, the O-ring can also compensate.

Fig. 7 zeigt den Stromunterbrecher aus Fig. 6 in einer Position nach der Aktivierung der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5. Das Anschlusselement 3 ist dabei vom Anschlusselement 1, insbesondere zerstörungsfrei, gelöst und in das Fanggehäuse 19 geschwenkt. Fig. 7 indicates the circuit breaker Fig. 6 in a position after the activation of the pyrotechnic separation unit 5. The connection element 3 is thereby released from the connection element 1, in particular non-destructive, and pivoted into the catch housing 19.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ist in Fig. 8 gezeigt. Die beiden Anschlusselemente 1,3 sind als Rohre ausgeführt. Das erste Anschlusselement 1 weist zwei Aufnahmen 7a,7b auf. Die Aufnahme 7a dient der Aufnahme des Vorsprungs 9 des zweiten Anschlusselements 3 und somit zur kraftschlüssigen Verbindung der Anschlusselemente 1,3. In Fig. 8 ist der elektrisch leitende Zustand gezeigt. Wie weiterhin dargestellt, weist auch das zweite Anschlusselement 3 eine Aufnahme 21 auf. In den Aufnahmen 7b und 9 sind pyrotechnische Trenneinheiten 5a und 5b angeordnet.Another embodiment is in Fig. 8 shown. The two connection elements 1,3 are designed as tubes. The first connection element 1 has two receptacles 7a, 7b. The receptacle 7a serves to receive the projection 9 of the second connection element 3 and thus to the frictional connection of the connection elements 1.3. In Fig. 8 the electrically conductive state is shown. As further shown, the second connection element 3 also has a receptacle 21. In the images 7b and 9 pyrotechnic separation units 5a and 5b are arranged.

Wird durch die von einem elektrischen Strom erzeugte Joulesche Wärme die Aktivierungstemperatur erreicht, führt dies zum Zünden der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheiten 5, so dass die Anschlusselemente 1,3 in Richtung des Pfeils B, wie in Fig. 9 gezeigt, getrennt werden, wodurch wiederum der Strompfad getrennt wird.If the activation temperature is reached by the Joule heat generated by an electric current, this leads to the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation units 5, so that the connecting elements 1. 3 in the direction of the arrow B, as in FIG Fig. 9 are separated, which in turn disconnects the current path.

Anhand des in Fig. 10 gezeigten Diagramms soll nun das Verfahren zum Unterbrechen eines Stromes, insbesondere mit einem Stromunterbrecher nach einem der zuvor dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Temperaturverläufe nicht absolut auf den Strom bezogen werden können, sondern stets auch eine zeitliche Komponente sich auf den Temperaturverlauf auswirkt.Based on the in Fig. 10 the diagram shown is now the method for interrupting a current, in particular with a circuit breaker according to one of the embodiments previously illustrated will be explained in more detail. It should be noted that the temperature curves are not absolutely related to the current can always be a temporal component on the temperature profile.

Bis zum Zeitpunkt t1 befindet sich der Stromverlauf unterhalb des Aktivierungsstroms IAKT. Dieser sollte vorzugsweise unterhalb des maximal zulässigen Stromes IMAX des zu schützenden Systems, beispielsweise der Anschlussleitungen oder der Verbraucher liegen. Der elektrische Strom führt zu einer Jouleschen Erwärmung der Anschlusselemente. Dadurch wird ebenfalls die pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit 5 erwärmt, wobei die Temperatur bis zum Zeitpunkt tAKT unterhalb der Aktivierungstemperatur TAKT liegt. Steigt nun der Strom zum Zeitpunkt t1 über den Aktivierungsstrom IAKT so führt dies zu einer Erwärmung der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit bis zur Aktivierungstemperatur TAKT. Dabei kann eine kleine Verzögerung auftreten, so dass TAKT zu einem Zeitpunkt tAKT, der nach dem Zeitpunkt t1 liegen kann, erreicht wird.Until the time t 1 , the current profile is below the activation current I AKT . This should preferably be below the maximum permissible current I MAX of the system to be protected, for example, the connection lines or the consumer. The electric current leads to a Joule heating of the connection elements. As a result, the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 is also heated, wherein the temperature is below the activation temperature T AKT until the time t AKT . Now increases the current at time t 1 on the activation current I AKT so this leads to a heating of the pyrotechnic separation unit to the activation temperature T AKT . In this case, a small delay may occur, so that T AKT is reached at a time t AKT , which may be after the time t 1 .

Zum Zeitpunkt tAKT zündet die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5, so dass die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der Anschlusselemente 1,3, insbesondere zerstörungsfrei, gelöst wird, was zu einer Unterbrechung der elektrischen Verbindung führt.At time t AKT ignites the pyrotechnic separation unit 5, so that the non-positive connection of the connection elements 1.3, in particular non-destructive, is released, resulting in an interruption of the electrical connection.

Der Stromunterbrecher wird dabei in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweils zu schützenden Element ausgelegt. Dies können, neben den Anschlussleitungen auch Verbraucher sein. Entscheidend ist jeweils, dass die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit in Kombination mit den Anschlusselemente so gewählt wird, dass die pyrotechnische Trenneinheit 5 vor dem Erreichen des maximal zulässigen Stromes IMAX verlässlich zündet. Vorteilhaft wird dabei der Stromunterbrecher so gestaltet, dass das Zeitintervall tΔ zwischen t1 und tAKT (tΔ = TAKT - t1) so gering wie möglich ausfällt. Dies kann insbesondere durch Wahl besonderer Materialien für die Anschlusselemente, besondere Ausgestaltung der Einkerbungen sowie der Aufnahmen und des Vorsprungs erreicht werden.The circuit breaker is designed as a function of the respective element to be protected. These can be, in addition to the connection lines and consumers. It is crucial in each case that the pyrotechnic separation unit is selected in combination with the connection elements so that the pyrotechnic separation unit 5 ignites reliably before reaching the maximum allowable current I MAX . The advantage is the Circuit breaker designed so that the time interval t Δ between t 1 and t AKT (t Δ = T ACT - t 1 ) fails as low as possible. This can be achieved in particular by choosing special materials for the connecting elements, special design of the notches and the recordings and the projection.

Der erfindungsgemäße Stromunterbrecher zeichnet sich durch kostengünstige und einfache Herstellung aus. Außerdem kann nach der Aktivierung der pyrotechnischen Trenneinheit der Stromunterbrecher wieder zusammengefügt werden, so dass ein Austausch von Bauteilen entfallen kann.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized by cost-effective and simple production. In addition, after the activation of the pyrotechnic separation unit of the circuit breaker can be reassembled, so that an exchange of components can be omitted.

Ebenso sind Anschlusselemente von dieser Erfindung umfasst, die als Anschlussschienen ausgebildet sind und beispielsweise mehrere Strompfade trennen können. So könnte eine Anschlussschiene, ähnlich einem Kamm, vorgesehen sein. Jeder Zahn des Kamms kann dann für sich eine pyrotechnische Trenneinheit aufweisen und den Strompfad zu einem weiteren Anschlusselement wie zuvor beschrieben lösen. Insbesondere durch verschiedenartige Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Zähne können dann die einzelnen Strompfade bei verschiedenen Stromstärken getrennt werden.Likewise, connecting elements of this invention are included, which are designed as connecting rails and, for example, can separate a plurality of current paths. Thus, a connecting rail, similar to a comb, could be provided. Each tooth of the comb can then have for itself a pyrotechnic separation unit and solve the current path to another connection element as described above. In particular, by different design of the individual teeth then the individual current paths can be separated at different currents.

Claims (27)

  1. Interrupter for electrical supply lines, in particular power lines or battery cables, of motor vehicles,
    - having a first terminal element (1),
    - having a second terminal element (3) which can be connected to the first terminal element (1) and
    - having a current path which, in a conductive state of the interrupter, extends between the first terminal element (1) and the second terminal element (3),
    characterised in that
    - a pyrotechnic separating unit (5), thermally activatable by Joule heating given off by at least one terminal element (1, 3) and generated by the electrical current flowing through the terminal elements (1, 3), is provided on at least one of the terminal elements (1, 3), and
    - the connection between the terminal elements (1, 3) is releasable by means of the activated pyrotechnic separating unit (5).
  2. Interrupter according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the first terminal element (1) is connected to the second terminal element (3) by a force fit.
  3. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first terminal element (1) is connected to the second terminal element (3) by a material fit.
  4. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first terminal element (1) is formed from an electrically conductive flat part.
  5. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    at least the first terminal element (1) comprises a first recess (7).
  6. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first recess (7) is formed integrally from the first terminal element (1).
  7. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first recess (7) is a pot drawn from the first terminal element (1).
  8. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first recess (7) is formed from at least two recess elements (11, 13).
  9. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a first recess element (11) is formed integrally from the first terminal element (1).
  10. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first recess element (11) is a collar of a cutting from the flat part.
  11. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a second recess element (13) is arranged on the first recess element (11).
  12. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the second terminal element (3) comprises a second recess (21).
  13. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the pyrotechnic separating unit (5) is arranged in at least one of the recesses (7, 21).
  14. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the second terminal element (3) is formed from an electrically conductive flat part.
  15. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the second terminal element (3) comprises a projection (9) corresponding with the first recess (7), so that the projection (9) is arranged with a force fit in the first recess (7) in the conductive state of the interrupter.
  16. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) is formed integrally from the flat part.
  17. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) is drawn from the flat part.
  18. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) is a deep-drawn pot corresponding with the first recess (7).
  19. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) tapers in the direction extending from the flat part.
  20. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) is drawn from the flat part during the first terminal element (1) is being assembled with the second terminal element (3).
  21. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) is formed from at least two projection elements.
  22. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the projection (9) forms a conical press fit with the first recess (7) after assembly.
  23. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    at least one flat part is made from a metal sheet.
  24. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    at least one flat part is formed from a metal sheet by means of a separating method.
  25. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the first terminal element (1) and/or the second terminal element (3) comprises at least one notch (23) which increases the ohmic resistance.
  26. Interrupter according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    an activation current necessary for reaching the activation temperature of the pyrotechnic separating unit (5) by generation of Joule heating is less than or equal to a maximum permissible current for the lines or cables and/or loads connected to the terminal elements (1, 3).
  27. Method for interrupting a current, in particular with a interrupter according to any one of Claims 1 to 23,
    - wherein an activation current flows through a interrupter,
    - wherein the first and/or the second terminal element (1, 3) is heated to the activation temperature by the Joule heating generated by the activation current flowing in the interrupter,
    - wherein the pyrotechnic separating unit (5) is activated by the activation temperature, and
    - wherein the activated pyrotechnic separating unit (5) releases the force-fit connection of the terminal elements (1, 3) and therefore interrupts the current path.
EP06725662A 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles Not-in-force EP1866945B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06725662A EP1866945B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles
PL06725662T PL1866945T3 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05007772A EP1710871B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2005-04-08 Current separator for the electrical cables in a car
PCT/EP2006/060943 WO2006106042A1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-03-22 Circuit breaker for electric supply lines of motor vehicles
EP06725662A EP1866945B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles
PCT/EP2006/061460 WO2006077268A1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1866945A1 EP1866945A1 (en) 2007-12-19
EP1866945B1 true EP1866945B1 (en) 2008-08-13

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05007772A Active EP1710871B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2005-04-08 Current separator for the electrical cables in a car
EP06725662A Not-in-force EP1866945B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-04-07 Passive triggering of a circuit breaker for electrical feeders of motor vehicles

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05007772A Active EP1710871B1 (en) 2005-04-08 2005-04-08 Current separator for the electrical cables in a car

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US (2) US7767921B2 (en)
EP (2) EP1710871B1 (en)
CN (2) CN100592577C (en)
AT (2) ATE372598T1 (en)
DE (3) DE502005001423D1 (en)
ES (2) ES2290809T3 (en)
PL (2) PL1710871T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1866945E (en)
WO (2) WO2006106042A1 (en)

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ATE404986T1 (en) 2008-08-15
ES2290809T3 (en) 2008-02-16
DE502005001423D1 (en) 2007-10-18
DE502006001340D1 (en) 2008-09-25
US20080204184A1 (en) 2008-08-28
US7767921B2 (en) 2010-08-03
PT1866945E (en) 2008-11-12
US20080197001A1 (en) 2008-08-21
EP1710871B1 (en) 2007-09-05
PL1866945T3 (en) 2009-01-30
EP1866945A1 (en) 2007-12-19
EP1710871A1 (en) 2006-10-11
CN101283427A (en) 2008-10-08
ATE372598T1 (en) 2007-09-15
WO2006077268A1 (en) 2006-07-27
CN101283427B (en) 2012-05-23
PL1710871T3 (en) 2008-01-31
ES2312129T3 (en) 2009-02-16
DE202006020172U1 (en) 2008-04-17
WO2006106042A1 (en) 2006-10-12
US8154377B2 (en) 2012-04-10
CN100592577C (en) 2010-02-24
CN101151772A (en) 2008-03-26

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