Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/62—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks using combustion gas pressure for adding to the mechanical locking action, or for delaying breech opening movement
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
  • F41A3/78—Bolt buffer or recuperator means
  • F41A3/90—Fluid buffers
  • F41A3/94—Fluid buffers in combination with spring buffers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a firearm with pressure accumulator for eliminating the fundamental drawbacks of known and used firearms and unifies and improves their basically advantageous properties.
• a major disadvantage of this solution is that the pressure of gases driving the missile forward is uneven, and at the same time, the missile above the calibre is difficult to move due to its extraordinarily large size and weight and it is also very expensive.
• the guiding shoes are quickly worn when consuming the significant part of the driving energy at every shot.
• the invention is related to solving the above problems so that the major part of the gases originating from the combustion of an increased amount of gunpowder is introduced into a pressure accumulator, whereas the smaller part flows into a barrel of strongly increased length driving the missile forward, then as the missile passes through the barrel, gases accumulated in the pressure accumulator flow into the barrel, and drive the missile along the total length of the barrel with a nearly identical pressure.
• the invention consists of a firearm with pressure accumulator, which is provided with an increased amount of gunpowder and significantly increased barrel length as compared to traditional firearms.
• Figure Ia shows the traditional firearm in which the gases of gunpowder charge 3 situated in the cartridge chamber accelerate directly missile 2 in barrel 1.
• Figure Ib illustrates the solution applying guide shoes elaborated in frame of the HARP program, in which the gases of gunpowder charge 3 drive missile 2 forward by means of guide shoe 4 in barrel 1.
• this solution it is striking that the size of gunpowder charge 3 is too large in comparison with the size of missile 2.
• This solution ensures a nearly twice so high muzzle velocity, which requires the combustion of a 4 time larger amount of gunpowder as energy source.
• the relatively large bore diameter of barrel 1 as compared to missile 2 is also striking, the further increase of which is limited by the rapid increase of the strength stress of the guide shoes 4,
• Figure Ic shows the new firearm construction according to the invention.
• this solution is also the large size of gunpowder charge 3 relative to missile 2 conspicuous. This increased amount guarantees the muzzle velocity above 3 km/s achievable with this method.
• the gases of the increased amount of gunpowder accelerate directly missile 2, i.e. no losses due to the application of guide shoe 4 take place.
• the calibre of barrel 1 corresponds to the cylinder size of missile 2, just like in traditional guns, i.e. there is no need for a barrel 1 of immense mass, large calibre, which would be difficult to move.
• a pressure accumulator 5 ensures that the gases of the larger amount of gunpowder do not push out barrel 1.
• Pressure accumulator 5 5 namely, takes up the excess gas appearing at the first part of barrel 1, and recuperates it at the later parts to barrel 1.
• a strongly lengthened barrel can ensure working of the total amount of the gas.
• the invention ensures maximum shooting range by applying a barrel length corresponding to a calibre of 250-300.
• the energy relations of the three embodiments shown in Fig. 1 are compared in the diagrams of Fig. 2.
• a pressure accumulator 5 provided with a ring piston 10 is shown.
• the ring piston 10 is recoiled against a spring 13 and increases accumulator space 15, thus a significant amount of the gunpowder gas streams into accumulator space 15 against the pressure of spring 13.
• the compression of spring 13, then its subsequent extension maintains the relatively uniform, long-lasting gas pressure in barrel 1.
• missile 2 leaves barrel 1 the gas pressure in accumulator space 15 drops, and ring piston 10 is shocked forward by spring 13.
• a gas cushion 17 enclosed between a ring flange 18 and ring channel 16 reduces the harmful impact of this shock.
• ring piston 10 should be sealed both from outside and inside owing to its ring nature, this sealing is provided by seals 12 and 21. This double sealing is not efficient enough.
• ring piston 10 surrounds gunpowder charge 3 and does not allow to feed the gunpowder from the side. Gunpowder can be fed exclusively from behind, from the direction of cut-off body 19 provided with a firing connector 20, which makes high speed charging difficult. Both high speed automatic charging from the side, and the problems with ring seals are solved in the improved embodiment shown in Fig. 4. In this solution, in breech 6, two cylindrical spaces 26 and 27 are situated symmetrically at the right and left sides.
• Charging space 33 comprises a cut-off body 31 and a twin cut-off body 32 making high speed charging from the side possible.
• Gunpowder gases formed at the combustion of gunpowder charge 3 flow partly to barrel 1, partly in two directions via radial bores 14: through mediating bore 22 into the accumulator space 23 at the right side, and through mediating bore 24 into the accumulator space 25 at the left side.
• Gases flowing into the right accumulator space 23 recoil cylindrical piston 28 against spring 30 in the right-side cylindrical space 27, whereas gases flowing into the left-side accumulator space 24 recoil the other cylindrical piston 28 against spring 29 in the left-side cylindrical space 26.
• Springs 29 and 30 are preferably oppositely wound spirals, and they are supported from behind by lock caps 34.
• gas pressure drops in both, right-side accumulator space 23 and left-side accumulator space 25, thus cylindrical pistons 28 stressed by springs 29 and 30 run forward.
• the cylindrical pistons 28 running forward are damped by the intrusion of brake studs 35 into the left-side brake space 36 and right-side brake space 37.
• the drawback of pressure accumulator according to Fig. 4 is that due to the relatively small diameters of the left-side cylindrical space 26 and the right-side cylindrical space 27, only springs 29,30 of relatively small diameters can be applied, the spring stress of which are not suitable to maintain large gas pressures used in long distance missiles. Embodiment shown in Fig.
• the gun with pressure accumulator according to the invention is also capable of operating as a recoilless gun. This fact influences positively the cost of its manufacturing, its shot accuracy and speed of fire. Activities bound traditionally to the recoil of the barrel, such as feeding, should be solved in this invention in another way: electromagnetically, electropneumatically, etc. In the embodiment showed in Fig. 6, this task can be solved mechanically by the movement of accumulator piston 43.
• a significant disadvantage of mechanical springs is their large mass and limited operation speed.
• the swivel inertia of large moving masses can make the pressure in barrel 1 uneven decreasing thereby the efficiency of the gun according to the invention.
• swivel waves propagate e.g. in steel by a velocity of 5 km/s. At such velocities occurring in this embodiment, the durability of the springs may be reduced significantly.
• embodiments 7 and 8 were born, in which various elastic gas media are applied as springs.
• gases originating from the combustion of gunpowder charge 50 situated in bascule 19 fill out cylindrical space 11.
• This gas of 500-1000 bar pressure jolts accumulator piston 43 forwards.
• the gas pressure formed by combusting gunpowder charge 3 with a pressure of 3000-6000 bars jolts accumulator piston 43 backwards and keeps in equilibrium with the pressure of cylindrical space 11. This equilibrium is the reason for the long lasting, relatively even gas pressure in barrel 1.
• missile 2 leaves barrel 1 the pressure in cylindrical space 11 jolts accumulator piston 43 forwards.
• braking pin 35 closes the bore 42 leading the gases backwards, thus accumulator piston 43 is braked without a metallic impact.
• the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8 is very similar to the former; with the difference that a gas develops the pressure in cylindrical space 11 introduced through gas connector 52 and valve 51.
• the gas introduced may be a neutral one of high pressure, e.g. nitrogen or air, but may also be a combustible gas, e.g. acetylene combusted in cylindrical space 11 developing thereby the high gas pressure needed.
• the main advantage consists of the fact that in case of a suitably large gunpowder charge and barrel length, the muzzle velocity of the firearm according to the invention can exceed significantly those achievable with firearms known till now.
• Another large advantage of the solution according to the invention is that fast combusting, brisant gunpowders with large stretching force can be used without damaging the barrel.
• a further advantageous property is - mainly at using self bearing rockets — that the mild, smooth acceleration in the barrel does not cause an explosion of the explosive material being in the barrel, neither are the instruments and structural parts sensitive against rattle damaged.
• the invention means a step forward almost in every size range of firearms: it can be applied e.g. in long range guns for reaching a shot distance of 4-6 km, or in air defence machine guns for fighting down targets in a height of 30-35 km by self directing rockets, and it is also applicable in intercontinental rockets of large size for reaching a shot range of 500- 1000 km.
• the embodiments according to the invention applying pressure accumulator is applicable not only for increasing the shot range, but by restricting the pressure of gases originating from the combustion of the gunpowder, the missile is accelerated in the barrel smoothly and evenly making it especially well applicable for firing rockets.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=89985877

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 2005
  • 2005-03-16 HU HU0500300A patent/HU227997B1/hu active IP Right Revival
• 2006
  • 2006-03-16 RU RU2007134086/02A patent/RU2382976C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-03-16 US US11/908,589 patent/US20080236380A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-03-16 EP EP06710215A patent/EP1864072A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-03-16 WO PCT/HU2006/000022 patent/WO2006097777A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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