EP1862746A2 - Ventilation device and frame - Google Patents
Ventilation device and frame Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1862746A2 EP1862746A2 EP07090061A EP07090061A EP1862746A2 EP 1862746 A2 EP1862746 A2 EP 1862746A2 EP 07090061 A EP07090061 A EP 07090061A EP 07090061 A EP07090061 A EP 07090061A EP 1862746 A2 EP1862746 A2 EP 1862746A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- frame
- ventilation device
- plastic element
- hollow profile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/18—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ventilation device which is suitable in the form of a slide-in cassette for installation in plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame and a frame for windows or doors.
- the ventilation device comprises at least one arranged in a plastic element means for generating air currents, which introduces the air streams in channels of the frame profile by an arrangement of partitions in the plastic element and again discharged after complete flow around the frame.
- the frame consists of a standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame with a ventilation device arranged therein.
- a window with a window frame known, which is designed as a heat exchanger fan.
- a specially designed frame of hollow profiles with elements arranged therein for conveying air from or into a room and heat exchangers is described.
- Similar solutions are in the publications DE 32 48 226 .
- From the DE 298 04 416 describes a solar energy use in a window frame for driving a ventilation device, wherein the ventilation device is arranged in the window area.
- the modular design of the ventilation system used here is to be understood only as an interaction of different individual modules. A steering and direction of the air currents in a frame profile of the window is not provided.
- the object of the invention is to qualify a variety of commercially available plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame to a ventilation unit, and to propose a ventilation device that is suitable for this use.
- the invention also allows retrofitting existing windows or doors, without having to change the whole window or the whole door. Special frame structures to provide ventilation are no longer required.
- a standard window (door) can be assembled on a standard production line and, as a modification to the further normal window or door manufacturing process, slightly otherwise mechanically processed and equipped with the inventive venting device in the form of a slide-in cassette.
- the invention includes a ventilation device for installation in plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame, wherein the ventilation device comprises at least one arranged in a plastic element means for generating air currents.
- the ventilation device comprises at least one arranged in a plastic element means for generating air currents.
- the invention are provided in the plastic element partitions, and inlets and outlets for outside air / supply air and exhaust air / exhaust air through the arrangement of the air currents in channels of the multi-chamber hollow profile frame can be introduced and after completion of the complete flow around the frame again be diverted.
- the plastic element is designed as a modular slide-in cassette.
- at least one radial fan is provided as means for generating air currents.
- further ventilation functional means are integrated according to a further feature.
- these are heat exchangers and / or filters and / or sound insulation elements and / or wind fuses.
- the filters are arranged interchangeable directly in the intake of fresh air and exhaust air.
- the plastic element is provided with a cover plate which has directed into the interior air openings.
- a frame consisting of a standard - multi-chamber hollow profile frame with at least two circumferential channels, which are separated by at least one wall, wherein at least one recess for receiving a ventilation device is provided according to the features described above.
- the recess for receiving the ventilation device is arranged on the inside in the upper transverse profile of the window frame and the outside are provided at least two openings as inlets and outlets for outside air / supply air and exhaust air / exhaust air.
- the wall separating the channels is provided with partial wall thickness reductions and / or partial recesses.
- at least one heat exchanger designed as a Lammellenprofil is arranged in the region of the partial recess.
- a cross-flow heat exchanger can be provided for this purpose.
- a window frame 1 In a window frame 1 are preferably in the upper transverse profile 1.1 (Fig. 1) on the inside a recess 1 a and on the outside two openings 1 b, 1 c (Fig. 2) introduced.
- a plastic element 2 In the recess 1a, a plastic element 2 (Fig. 3) is introduced, that preferably two radial fans 3, 4 is used to initiate the air flow into the two channels 1.5, 1.6 of the profile 1.1 by an array of partitions 2.1 in the plastic element 2 and after led out flow around the entire frame 1 again.
- the Plastic element 2 with the partitions 2.1 is again shown separately in Figures 5 and 6 in different views for better understanding.
- the plastic element 2 includes at the same time the cover plate 1 d of the recess 1 a, in which in turn also inside air openings (Fig.1) are integrated.
- ventilation functional functional means such as filters, soundproofing elements, wind and rainstorm safety devices can be positioned in or on the plastic element, whose pictorial representation has been omitted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lüftungseinrichtung, welche in Form einer Einschubkassette zum Einbau in Kunststofffenstern oder Türen mit Standard -Mehrkammer- Hohlprofilrahmen geeignet ist und einen Rahmen für Fenster oder Türen. Die Lüftungseinrichtung umfasst mindestens ein in einem Kunststoffelement angeordnetes Mittel zur Erzeugung von Luftströmungen, das durch eine Anordnung von Trennwänden im Kunststoffelement die Luftströme in Kanäle des Rahmenprofils einleitet und nach erfolgter kompletter Umströmung des Rahmens wieder ausleiten. Der Rahmen besteht aus einem Standard -Mehrkammer-Hohlprofilrahmen mit einer darin angeordneten Lüftungseinrichtung.The invention relates to a ventilation device which is suitable in the form of a slide-in cassette for installation in plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame and a frame for windows or doors. The ventilation device comprises at least one arranged in a plastic element means for generating air currents, which introduces the air streams in channels of the frame profile by an arrangement of partitions in the plastic element and again discharged after complete flow around the frame. The frame consists of a standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame with a ventilation device arranged therein.
Zur Vermeidung von Wärmeverlusten haben moderne Fenster oder Türen, insbesondere solche aus Kunststoff nur noch eine geringe Fugendurchlässigkeit. Die dadurch erreichbare fast vollständige Abdichtung hat allerdings zur Folge, dass der bis dahin durch Undichtigkeiten gegebene Luftaustausch unterbunden wird. In vielen Fällen ist deshalb eine kontrollierte Zwangsbelüftung erforderlich, z.B. durch den Einbau besonderer Lüfter zusätzlich zu den vorhandenen Fenstern. Solche Lüfter können auch mit Wärmetauschern ausgestattet sein. Dabei wird die warme Abluft aus dem Gebäudeinnern durch eine Kammer des Wärmetauschers geleitet, wobei sie die Wärme an die durch eine getrennte zweite Kammer zufließende kalte Frischluft abgibt. Auf diese Weise findet eine Wärmerückgewinnung statt, außerdem wird kalte Zugluft vermieden. Nachteilig ist dabei, dass in der Gebäudewand entsprechende zusätzliche Aussparungen vorgesehen werden müssen und ein nachträglicher Einbau ist meist sehr aufwändig.
Aus der
Aus der
From the
From the
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, verschiedenste im Markt befindliche Kunststofffenster oder Türen mit Standard-Mehrkammer-Hohlprofilrahmen zu einem Lüftungsaggregat zu qualifizieren, sowie eine Lüftungseinrichtung vorzuschlagen, die für diesen Einsatz geeignet ist.The object of the invention is to qualify a variety of commercially available plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame to a ventilation unit, and to propose a ventilation device that is suitable for this use.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 8 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweils zugehörigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of
Die Erfindung erlaubt auch eine Nachrüstung bestehender Fenster oder Türen, ohne dass jeweils das ganze Fenster oder die ganze Tür gewechselt werden müssen. Spezialrahmenkonstruktionen zur Erbringung der Belüftung sind dadurch nicht mehr erforderlich. Unter Verwendung der Erfindung kann ein Standard-Fenster (Tür) auf einer Standard-Produktionslinie zusammengefügt werden und in Abwandlung zum weiteren normalen Fenster- bzw. Türherstellprozess geringfügig anderweitig mechanisch bearbeitet und mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lüftungseinrichtung in Form einer Einschubkassette bestückt werden.The invention also allows retrofitting existing windows or doors, without having to change the whole window or the whole door. Special frame structures to provide ventilation are no longer required. Using the invention, a standard window (door) can be assembled on a standard production line and, as a modification to the further normal window or door manufacturing process, slightly otherwise mechanically processed and equipped with the inventive venting device in the form of a slide-in cassette.
Demnach beinhaltet die Erfindung eine Lüftungseinrichtung zum Einbau in Kunststofffenstern oder Türen mit Standard -Mehrkammer- Hohlprofilrahmen, wobei die Lüftungseinrichtung mindestens ein in einem Kunststoffelement angeordnetes Mittel zur Erzeugung von Luftströmungen umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß sind dabei im Kunststoffelement Trennwände, sowie Ein- und Auslässe für Außenluft/Zuluft und Abluft/Fortluft vorgesehen, durch deren Anordnung die Luftströme in Kanäle des Mehrkammer- Hohlprofilrahmens einleitbar und nach erfolgter kompletter Umströmung des Rahmens wieder ausleitbar sind.Accordingly, the invention includes a ventilation device for installation in plastic windows or doors with standard multi-chamber hollow profile frame, wherein the ventilation device comprises at least one arranged in a plastic element means for generating air currents. According to the invention are provided in the plastic element partitions, and inlets and outlets for outside air / supply air and exhaust air / exhaust air through the arrangement of the air currents in channels of the multi-chamber hollow profile frame can be introduced and after completion of the complete flow around the frame again be diverted.
Vorteilhaft ist das Kunststoffelement als modulare Einschubkassette ausgebildet.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist als Mittel zur Erzeugung von Luftströmungen mindestens ein Radiallüfter vorgesehen.
Im Kunststoffelement und/oder im Mehrkammer- Hohlprofilrahmen sind nach einem weiteren Merkmal weitere lufttechnische Funktionsmittel integriert. Vorteilhaft handelt es sich dabei um Wärmetauscher und/oder Filter und/oder Schallschutzelemente und/oder Windsicherungen. Dabei sind die Filter unmittelbar in den Ansaugbereichen von Außenluft und Abluft austauschbar angeordnet.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist das Kunststoffelement mit einer Abdeckplatte versehen, welche in den Innenraum gerichtete Luftöffnungen aufweist.Advantageously, the plastic element is designed as a modular slide-in cassette.
According to a further feature of the invention, at least one radial fan is provided as means for generating air currents.
In the plastic element and / or in the multi-chamber hollow profile frame further ventilation functional means are integrated according to a further feature. Advantageously, these are heat exchangers and / or filters and / or sound insulation elements and / or wind fuses. The filters are arranged interchangeable directly in the intake of fresh air and exhaust air.
According to a further feature of the invention, the plastic element is provided with a cover plate which has directed into the interior air openings.
Zum Umfang der Erfindung gehört auch ein Rahmen bestehend aus einem Standard - Mehrkammer- Hohlprofilrahmen mit mindestens zwei umlaufenden Kanälen, die durch mindestens eine Wandung voneinander getrennt sind, wobei mindestens eine Ausnehmung zur Aufnahme einer Lüftungseinrichtung nach den oben beschriebenen Merkmalen vorgesehen ist.To the scope of the invention also includes a frame consisting of a standard - multi-chamber hollow profile frame with at least two circumferential channels, which are separated by at least one wall, wherein at least one recess for receiving a ventilation device is provided according to the features described above.
Vorteilhaft ist die Ausnehmung zur Aufnahme der Lüftungseinrichtung dabei innenseitig im oberen Querprofil des Fensterrahmens angeordnet und außenseitig sind mindestens zwei Öffnungen als Ein- und Auslässe für Außenluft/Zuluft und Abluft/Fortluft vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise ist dabei die die Kanäle trennende Wandung mit partiellen Wanddickenreduzierungen und/oder partiellen Ausnehmungen versehen. Dadurch kann der Wärmetauschgrad verbessert werden.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist im Bereich der partiellen Ausnehmung mindestens ein als Lammellenprofil ausgebildeter Wärmetauscher angeordnet. Vorzugsweise kann dafür ein Kreuzstromwärmetauscher vorgesehen werden.Advantageously, the recess for receiving the ventilation device is arranged on the inside in the upper transverse profile of the window frame and the outside are provided at least two openings as inlets and outlets for outside air / supply air and exhaust air / exhaust air. Preferably, the wall separating the channels is provided with partial wall thickness reductions and / or partial recesses. Thereby, the degree of heat exchange can be improved.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one heat exchanger designed as a Lammellenprofil is arranged in the region of the partial recess. Preferably, a cross-flow heat exchanger can be provided for this purpose.
In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig.1:
- einen innenseitigen Fensterrahmen;
- Fig.2:
- einen außenseitigen Fensterrahmen;
- Fig.3:
- einen Ausschnitt des oberen Querprofils des Fensterrahmens mit Kunststoffelement und Radiallüftern;
- Fig.4:
- ein unteres Querprofil des Fensterrahmens in Schnittdarstellung;
- Fig.5:
- das Kunststoffelement mit nach außen gerichteten Öffnungen;
- Fig.6:
- das Kunststoffelement mit nach innen gerichteter Öffnung;
- Fig.1:
- an inside window frame;
- Figure 2:
- an outside window frame;
- Figure 3:
- a section of the upper transverse profile of the window frame with plastic element and radial fans;
- Figure 4:
- a lower cross-section of the window frame in sectional view;
- Figure 5:
- the plastic element with outwardly directed openings;
- Figure 6:
- the plastic element with inwardly directed opening;
In einem Fensterrahmen 1 werden vorzugsweise im oberen Querprofil 1.1 (Fig. 1) innenseitig eine Ausnehmung 1 a und außenseitig zwei Öffnungen 1 b, 1 c (Fig. 2) eingebracht. In die Ausnehmung 1a wird ein Kunststoffelement 2 (Fig. 3) eingebracht, dass zur Aufnahme vorzugsweise zweier Radiallüfter 3, 4 dient, die durch eine Anordnung von Trennwänden 2.1 im Kunststoffelement 2 Luftströme in die zwei Kanäle 1.5, 1.6 des Profils 1.1 einleiten und nach erfolgter Umströmung des kompletten Rahmens 1 wieder ausleiten. Das Kunststoffelement 2 mit den Trennwänden 2.1 ist nochmals gesondert in den Figuren 5 und 6 in verschiedenen Ansichten zum bessren Verständnis dargestellt.In a
Es ist auch denkbar, dass nur ein Abluft-Lüfter eingebaut wird, wobei dann davon ausgegangen wird, dass aufgrund des Unterdruckes die fehlende Luftmenge von allein durch das Fenster oder noch vorhandene Fugen in der Gebäudehülle einströmt.
Somit entstehen gegenläufig gerichtete Luftströmungen Abluft/Fortluft und Außenluft/Zuluft, die beim Aneinandervorbeiströmen einem Wärmeaustausch unterliegen.
Dieser Wärmeaustausch wird durch partielle Wanddickenreduzierungen und/oder partielle Substitution der die Kammern trennenden Wandung(en) durch ein lamellenförmig gestaltetes Aluminiumprofil 5 vorzugsweise im unteren Querprofil 1.3 (Fig. 4), bei dem durch entsprechende Gestaltung eine Vermischung der Luftströme ausgeschlossen wird, optimiert. Das Kunststoffelement 2 beinhaltet gleichzeitig die Abdeckplatte 1 d der Ausnehmung 1 a, in der wiederum ebenfalls innenseitige Luftöffnungen (Fig.1) integriert sind.It is also conceivable that only an exhaust fan is installed, in which case it is assumed that due to the negative pressure, the missing amount of air flows in through the window alone or existing joints in the building envelope.
Thus arise counter-directed air flows exhaust air / exhaust air and outside air / supply air, which are subject to a heat exchange when flowing past each other.
This heat exchange is optimized by partial wall thickness reductions and / or partial substitution of the walls separating the chambers by a
Des Weiteren können lüftungstechnische Funktionsmittel wie Filter, Schallschutzelemente, Wind- und Schlagregensicherungen im oder am Kunststoffelement positioniert werden, auf deren bildliche Darstellung verzichtet wurde.Furthermore, ventilation functional functional means such as filters, soundproofing elements, wind and rainstorm safety devices can be positioned in or on the plastic element, whose pictorial representation has been omitted.
Claims (11)
das Kunststoffelement als modulare Einschubkassette ausgebildet ist.Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that
the plastic element is designed as a modular slide-in cassette.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200610026458 DE102006026458B4 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | Plastic window or door |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1862746A2 true EP1862746A2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1862746A3 EP1862746A3 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
Family
ID=38467326
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07090061A Withdrawn EP1862746A3 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-03-29 | Ventilation device and frame |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1862746A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006026458B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103122740A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-29 | Ifn控股股份公司 | Window or door |
WO2021156641A1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-12 | Patchkoria Luka | Device for automatic window cleaning and ventilation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010026019A1 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-13 | Schlüter, Heinrich | Ventilation unit for installation in e.g. window for decentralized conditioning of room of building, has controller controlling guidance of fresh air and exhaust air over heat accumulator over two shut-off air guiding flaps within air duct |
DE202011051360U1 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2012-03-27 | Rehau Ag + Co | Frame of a window with integrated ventilation and ventilation device for this purpose |
DE102017001976B4 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2021-03-11 | Frank Paulig | Heat exchanger arrangement in a window or door frame or in a frame of a window sash |
DE102022002364A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | Talkpool AG | Decentralized window ventilation device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3032021A1 (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-03-04 | Rudolf 4730 Ahlen Bömer | Window venting and ventilating system - has blower simultaneously forcing air through outlet and intake ducts |
DE3347028A1 (en) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-04 | Greschbach Industrie GmbH & Co, 7834 Herbolzheim | Window |
DE10010817A1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-10-18 | Mig Mittelstands Entwicklungsg | Room ventilation device has ducts for extraction of stale air and supply of fresh air extending parallel to one another for heat recovery |
EP1486637A2 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-15 | Lidartech Co., Ltd. | Window having a ventilation equipment |
DE102004014524A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-20 | Heinz Becks | Extractor fan for e.g. bathroom or kitchen air has crossflow fan mounted on shutter blind window cassette |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3001537A1 (en) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-07-23 | Chemoplast-Kunststoff Gmbh, 6780 Pirmasens | Heat loss free window frame ventilator - has membrane hung between outer and inner stops in housing with opening |
DE3230279A1 (en) * | 1982-08-14 | 1984-02-16 | Fulgurit Gmbh & Co Kg | Appliance for room ventilation |
DE3248226C2 (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1985-01-10 | Markus 8350 Plattling Schmalhofer | All-round edging for doors or windows |
DE3426778A1 (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1985-05-02 | Werner G.K. 2000 Hamburg Lange | Device for the exchange of heat energy between air flows for recovery of ventilation heat |
DE29804416U1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 1998-06-04 | Mage Gmbh | Window with ventilation device |
-
2006
- 2006-05-31 DE DE200610026458 patent/DE102006026458B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-03-29 EP EP07090061A patent/EP1862746A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3032021A1 (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-03-04 | Rudolf 4730 Ahlen Bömer | Window venting and ventilating system - has blower simultaneously forcing air through outlet and intake ducts |
DE3347028A1 (en) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-04 | Greschbach Industrie GmbH & Co, 7834 Herbolzheim | Window |
DE10010817A1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-10-18 | Mig Mittelstands Entwicklungsg | Room ventilation device has ducts for extraction of stale air and supply of fresh air extending parallel to one another for heat recovery |
EP1486637A2 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-15 | Lidartech Co., Ltd. | Window having a ventilation equipment |
DE102004014524A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-20 | Heinz Becks | Extractor fan for e.g. bathroom or kitchen air has crossflow fan mounted on shutter blind window cassette |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103122740A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-29 | Ifn控股股份公司 | Window or door |
WO2021156641A1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-12 | Patchkoria Luka | Device for automatic window cleaning and ventilation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006026458A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
EP1862746A3 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
DE102006026458B4 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
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