EP1860725B1 - Radiation-emitting cable and a radiation-emitting element comprised therein - Google Patents

Radiation-emitting cable and a radiation-emitting element comprised therein Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1860725B1
EP1860725B1 EP06716863A EP06716863A EP1860725B1 EP 1860725 B1 EP1860725 B1 EP 1860725B1 EP 06716863 A EP06716863 A EP 06716863A EP 06716863 A EP06716863 A EP 06716863A EP 1860725 B1 EP1860725 B1 EP 1860725B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
cable
insert
coaxial cable
electromagnetic energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06716863A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1860725A4 (en
EP1860725A2 (en
Inventor
Mikhail Dmitrievich Bukatov
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Galchenkov
Konstantin Vladimirovich Grishin
Mikhail Spartakovich Nazarov
Oleg Konstantinovich Ruzhin
Ilaya Aleksandrovich Klimashov
Andrei Vladimirovich Shestov
Roman Viktorovich Marchenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu "veri
Original Assignee
Obshchestvo s ogranichennoi otvetstvennostyu "VERITEL"
OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU VERITEL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2005104991/09A external-priority patent/RU2265923C1/ru
Application filed by Obshchestvo s ogranichennoi otvetstvennostyu "VERITEL", OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU VERITEL filed Critical Obshchestvo s ogranichennoi otvetstvennostyu "VERITEL"
Priority to PL06716863T priority Critical patent/PL1860725T3/pl
Publication of EP1860725A2 publication Critical patent/EP1860725A2/en
Publication of EP1860725A4 publication Critical patent/EP1860725A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1860725B1 publication Critical patent/EP1860725B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio equipment and may be used as a radiating element in antenna systems or as a distributed antenna-feeder system for wireless access to telecommunications of various types.
  • Radiating cables are used in various tunnels on highways and railroads, in subways, underground structures, such as multistoried car parking lots, basements of large buildings and even in yards behind large multistoried buildings made of reinforced concrete, and they are intended for removing "dead zones" or radio shadow areas.
  • the cheapest and simplest radiating cables have uniformly distributed radiating openings.
  • such openings are provided in Radio Frequency Systems cables of RCF 78-50, RLF 78-50, RLKW -78-50 series or cables RI 17-33, RI 50-24-31, RI 50-33-31, etc. produced in Russia.
  • a disadvantage of a radiating cable of such type is electromagnetic energy radiation non-uniformity. Due to losses in a cable, the radiated power level on the powering side of the cable is many times higher than in the cable end. Thus, for a radiating cable having the length of 500 meters, diameter 7/8", and with losses 4.1 dB/100 meters at 900 MHz the difference in the radiation level in the beginning and in the end of the cable is more than 20 dB, i.e., 100 times. The use of such a cable leads to excess consumption of electromagnetic energy in the beginning of the cable and a loss in this energy in the end of the cable, and, consequently, to a decrease in the communication area.
  • Radiating cables are known that have a non-uniform distribution of radiating openings along a cable ( US, A, 5276413 ).
  • Such cables are manufactured by a number of companies, including Radio Frequency Systems, under the generic name "vario". See, for example, RLV 114-50. WDCS Product Catalogue, Edition 1, 06.02.050, KB 17/ 00197-01, p. 42.
  • the technical solution in the said patent uses a regular change in opening location density from the beginning to the end of a radiating cable.
  • the opening location density is regularly doubled when the system losses increase along the cable up to a set limiting value above which the communication quality is unacceptable.
  • System losses in a radiating cable are defined as the sum of cable propagation losses plus losses from propagation of the radiation electromagnetic energy from the cable to a receiver dipole antenna located at a 2-meter distance from the radiating cable.
  • a next doubling of opening number and, consequently, doubling of radiation losses will result in shortening the respective segments to 127, 110, 86, 60, and 38 meters, and the opening number per one meter will be increased to 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32, respectively.
  • Such radiating cables are commercially available in fixed lengths, as a rule of 600, 700, 800 meters, etc., and differ not only in length, but also by the distribution structure of radiating elements - openings.
  • a disadvantage of the technical solution described in the said patent is the complexity of manufacturing and a wide variety of radiating cable types (“vario”) that are intended for meeting various requirements to cable length, propagation loss, cable radiation, etc., which all lead to their low-scale and, consequently, very expensive production. Furthermore, the difference of a practically needed cable length at its laying from the produced length range of radiating cables creates unreasonably great cable waste during installation. Changes in radiating openings distribution density along length of radiating cables (“vario”) are intended only for ensuring constant radiation levels. At the same time, different radiation levels are required in real conditions, e.g., when laying a cable of one type through tunnels, platforms, large and small premises, etc.
  • the closest is a radiating cable comprising a section of coaxial cable made of an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric layer and an external conductor, and at least two radiating elements made with the possibility of taping and radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space, wherein a opening, which is intended for taping electromagnetic energy by means of an insert, is made in the external conductor, the dielectric layer and the inner conductor of a coaxial cable segment ( RU, A, 2181518 ).
  • the insert in this device is made in the form of a screw, which is installed into the inner conductor of the coaxial cable by means of a threaded connection, and the screw head is in the dielectric layer of the coaxial cable.
  • Radiating elements in this device are openings made in the external conductor of the coaxial cable.
  • the insert serves for increasing tapping factor and decreasing the standing wave ratio due to inserting into the cable inner conductor a radial insert which cross-section area is less than the surface area of the radiating opening.
  • a radial insert which cross-section area is less than the surface area of the radiating opening.
  • Such an insert enables to compensate for irregularity of the external conductor by introducing opposite sign irregularity.
  • such an insert enables to raise the radiation level and improve its uniformity owing to changing the path of high-frequency current in the inner conductor and making it closer to the plane of radiating openings.
  • An insert may be provided with a conducting attachment enabling to adjust to minimum VSWR values.
  • US 4972505 discloses a technical solution represented by a coaxial cable with signal taps installed at spaced intervals therealong for connecting receiving and transmitting antennas.
  • the signal tap is a rectangular case enveloping the coaxial cable.
  • a threaded metal tube is fixed in the case designed for connecting external antennas via radio-frequency connector.
  • the tube is electrically connected to the external conductor of the coaxial cable.
  • An isolated metallic insert is situated inside the tube pressed against the central conductor of the coaxial cable through insulating laying. The thickness of the insulating laying determines the tapping factor of the energy from the coaxial cable.
  • a device for tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy - a radiating element - is known from the technical solution described in a Russian patent, which is included in a coaxial cable and comprises a section of a coaxial cable consisting in an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric layer and an external conductor, wherein an opening intended for tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy by means of an insert is made in the external conductor, the dielectric layer and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable ( RU, A, 2181518 ).
  • the present invention is based on the objective of creating a radiating cable that helps remove irrational loss of electromagnetic energy having place at excess electromagnetic energy radiation, which enables using lesser power sources or increasing useful length of radiating cable for a source with a given power, this also ensures operation in a wide frequency band, increases the range for adjusting of tapping factor, simplifies the design and ensures simple adjustment and installation, i.e., ensures the possibility of installing a radiating element in any necessary place at earlier laid sections of a main coaxial cable.
  • Another objective is to create a corresponding radiating element ensuring the possibility of operation in a wide frequency band, an increase in the range of the tapping factor adjustment, simplification of its structure, adjustment and installation, in order to improve the performance characteristics of a radiating cable and a device for tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy.
  • Still another objective is to create a radiating cable implementing the possibility of forming a communication zone of an arbitrary form with the condition of operatively modernizing and incrementing it in the process of operation.
  • a known radiating cable which comprises a coaxial cable section made of an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric layer, an external conductor, and at least two radiating elements made with the possibility of tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space, an opening, which is intended for tapping electromagnetic energy by means of an insert, is made in the external conductor, the dielectric layer and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable.
  • the said insert is made of a section of an isolated wire, one end of which is installed in the opening and the other end is located outside the external conductor of the coaxial cable section for the purpose of radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space.
  • the radiating cable ( Fig. 1 ) comprises the coaxial cable section 1 comprising the inner conductor 2, which is surrounded by the dielectric layer 3, and the external conductor 4.
  • the device has at least two or three radiating elements 5 made with the possibility of tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space.
  • the external conductor 4, the dielectric layer 3 and the inner conductor 2 of the coaxial cable section 1 are provided with the opening 6 intended for tapping electromagnetic energy by means of the insert 7.
  • the insert 7 is made of a section of an isolated wire comprising the conductor 8 and the dielectric 9.
  • One end of the isolated wire is installed in the opening 6, and the other end is located outside the external conductor 4 of the coaxial cable section 1 with the possibility of radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space.
  • the insert 7 is tightly installed with the possibility of moving it in the opening 6 ( Figs. 2 , 3 ) for the purpose of changing the electromagnetic energy tapping factor.
  • the isolated wire of the insert 7 may be made rigid with the possibility of positioning it transversely to the coaxial cable section 1 ( Figs. 1, 2 ).
  • the isolated wire of the insert 7 may be made sufficiently soft.
  • the dielectric case 10 is introduced, wherein an opening is made ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the end of the isolated wire, which is located outside the external conductor 4, is installed within the dielectric case 10.
  • the dielectric case 10 is installed on the external conductor 4 (or on a shielding, which is not shown in Figs. 1 - 3 and may be made in a usual manner) of the coaxial cable section 1 transversely to it.
  • the dielectric case 10 performs the function of fixing the insert 7 and protecting it against external actions.
  • the radiating cable may also comprise additional radiating elements 11 made as openings in the coaxial cable section 1 ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the inventive device for tapping and radiating electromagnetic energy respectively comprises ( Figs. 1, 2 , 3 ): the coaxial cable section 1 comprising the inner conductor 2, which is surrounded by the dielectric layer 3, and the external conductor 4.
  • the external conductor 4, the dielectric layer 3 and the inner conductor 2 of the coaxial cable section 1 are provided with the opening 6 intended for tapping electromagnetic energy by means of the insert 7.
  • the insert 7 is made of a section of an isolated wire comprising the conductor 8 and the dielectric 9.
  • One end of the isolated wire is installed in the opening 6, and the other end is located outside the external conductor 4 of the coaxial cable section 1 with the possibility of radiating electromagnetic energy into the surrounding space.
  • the insert 7 is tightly installed with the possibility of moving it in the opening 6 ( Figs. 2 , 3 ) for the purpose of changing the electromagnetic energy tapping factor.
  • the isolated wire of the insert 7 may be made rigid with the possibility of positioning it transversely to the coaxial cable section 1.
  • the isolated wire of the insert 7 may be made sufficiently soft.
  • the dielectric case 10 is introduced, wherein an opening is made ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the end of the isolated wire, which is located outside the external conductor 4, is installed within the dielectric case 10.
  • the dielectric case 10 is installed on the external conductor 4 (or on an insulating lining, which is not shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and may be made in a usual manner) of the coaxial cable section 1 transversely to it.
  • the dielectric case 10 performs the function of fixing the insert 7 and protecting it against external actions.
  • the radiating cable ( Figs. 1-3 ) is operated as follows. A number of the radiating elements 5 ( Fig.
  • the length of the coaxial cable section 1 is determined by the length of the coaxial cable section 1 and presence of radio shadow areas on the route of the radiating cable.
  • the opening 6 in the external conductor 4 is not radiating, but serves for passing the insert 7 made of an isolated wire inside and outside of the coaxial cable section 1.
  • An electromagnetic wave when propagating in the coaxial cable section 1, excites in the insert 7 - isolated wire performing the function of a quarterwave dipole, radio-frequency currents, which, in their turn, result in radiating electromagnetic waves into the surrounding space.
  • the coaxial cable section 1 is matched to the insert 7 for a given frequency band by selecting a length and a diameter of the isolated wire as well as by selecting electrical and geometric parameters of the dielectric case 10.
  • the electromagnetic energy tapping factor is adjusted in a wide range by moving the insert 7 and is determined by a depth of introducing the isolated wire into the coaxial cable section 1.
  • the tapping factor may be changed from the maximum value ( Fig. 2 ) to some minimum value ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the electromagnetic energy tapping factor can be adjusted in a wide range. In the result of introducing the insert 7 the tapping factor may be changed from the maximum value (minus 10 dB) to some minimum value (minus 30 dB or less).
  • the radiating element 5 may be easily installed at any segment of a long coaxial cable section 1.
  • the opening 6 can be drilled on the outer surface of the coaxial cable section 1.
  • the diameter of the opening 6 is selected so as the insert 7 made of an isolated wire can be installed with certain tightness. This ensures the possibility of moving the isolated wire in the opening 6 for adjusting and changing the electromagnetic energy tapping factor.
  • the time necessary for making an opening 6 and installing a radiating element 5 does not exceed 5 minutes.
  • the isolated wire of the insert 7 is made rather rigid, then its transverse positioning relative to the coaxial cable section 1 becomes possible ( Fig. 1, 2 ), and no supporting devices are required.
  • the dielectric case 10 is used ( Fig. 3 ), wherein an inner hole for the isolated wire is made for the purpose of fixing the insert 7 after its moving in the opening 6.
  • the end of the isolated wire which is located outside the external conductor 4, is arranged within the dielectric case 10 ( Figs. 2 , 3 ).
  • the dielectric case 10 is installed on the external conductor 4 of the coaxial cable section transversely to the latter, e.g., is attached to the shielding (not shown in Figs. 1-3 ) of the coaxial cable section 1 (Ha ⁇ ⁇ . 1-3 ⁇ O ⁇ a3aHa) with the use of a glue or a standard sealing set for radio-frequency connections.
  • the radiating cable may also comprise additional radiating elements 11 made in the form of openings only in the external conductor of the coaxial cable section 1 ( Fig. 1 ). Such openings may be arranged on spots located closely to an electromagnetic energy source, where the minimum energy should be tapped from the source and radiated. Additional elements 11 in the form of openings mat be also made in a certain place by drilling corresponding openings (or groups of openings) in the external conductor 4 of the coaxial cable section 1.
  • the inventive device is easily tuned to a required frequency by cutting the isolated wire.
  • the required energy is adjusted by simply changing the introduction depth of the insert 7 into the coaxial cable section 1.
  • the cable radiating capacity may be decreased by excluding some or decreasing the number of openings 6 and the corresponding number of the radiating elements 5.
  • the radiation level of both the radiating elements 5 located closely to an electromagnetic energy source and those located at maximum distances from the source is adjusted by changing the location of the insert 7 in the opening 6, which is more deeper, including its position within the inner conductor 2 ( Fig. 2 ), or less deeper, e.g., in the dielectric layer 3 ( Fig. 3 ). Electromagnetic energy losses are eliminated in the absence of reception dead zones due to the absence of radiating elements 5 installed in zones of consistent reception.
  • the VSWR dependence on frequency for a radiating element 5 is shown in Fig. 4 .
  • a decrease in the number of radiating elements 5, as compared to the number of those made in the form of openings, enables to use sources with less electromagnetic energy power or to increase the useful length of the radiating cable for a source with a given power.
  • the radiating elements 5 on linear sections are installed with a lesser density than in a turn in the tunnel. Moreover, in the tunnel turn the radiating elements 5 are introduced to a greater depth into the coaxial cable section 1, which enables to compensate not only for attenuation in it, but also for additional losses caused by radio wave propagation in the tunnel having a sharp turn.
  • the given example shows the possibility of adaptive formation of the radiation level in accordance with the conditions of laying the radiating cable.
  • the inventive device was used with the following parameters:
  • two standard antennas (A 1 and A4) were installed in the beginning and in the end of the tunnel, and two standard antennas (A2 and A3) were moved to the inner part of the tunnel to a distance of 150 meters from each side ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the antennas A1-A3 were connected to the coaxial cable section 1 with the use of coaxial couplers.
  • the antennas A1 and A2 were connected to the GSM base station equipment at the metro station A, the antennas A3 and A4 were connected to the GSM base station equipment at the metro station B.
  • the antennas installed in the tunnel had a great gain and are oriented to the tunnel inner part.
  • Fig. 6 shows the dependence of the signal level in a metro vehicle filled with passengers when it is moving from one end of the tunnel to the other, i.e., from the station A to the station B. Signals from different stations are shown in Fig. 6 by black curves of different intensities. The required communication quality is ensured at the signal level equal to minus 90 dBi. Four peaks of the signal are clearly seen, which correspond to the four standard antennas. It can be seen that the communication zone has gaps not only in the middle of the tunnel, but also between the antennas. The communication zone is an area where the signal level exceeds minus 90 dBm.
  • radiating elements 5 were installed on the coaxial cable section 1 powering the antenna A3 moved to the tunnel.
  • the radiating elements were made as inserts 7 in accordance with the claimed technical solution (in Fig. 7 the inserts 7 of the radiating elements 5 are marked as A5 and A6).
  • the spacing between the radiating elements 5 was app. 40 meters, the tapping factor was minus 13 dB.
  • a record of the signal level after installation of two inserts 7 of the radiating elements 5 is shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the two additional peaks correspond to radiation of the two additionally installed radiating elements 5 (A5 and A6). It can be seen that a gap in the communication zone remains only in the center of the tunnel.
  • the tunnel standard antennas A2 and A3 were disconnected, and the coaxial cable section 1 with the radiating elements 5 (the inserts 7 made in accordance with the claimed technical solution) was laid along the whole tunnel.
  • the spacing between the radiating elements 5 was 40 meters in the beginning and in the end and 20 meters in the center of the tunnel.
  • the energy tapping factor was different also: from minus 30 dB in both ends of the tunnel to minus 13 dB in its center.
  • a record of the signal level at the third stage is shown in Fig. 8 . It can be seen that when powering the coaxial cable section from both ends the average signal level is app. 75 dBi, which ensures high quality communication in the whole tunnel with a great reserve.
  • Fig. 9 shows a plot of VSWR dependence on distance for the coaxial cable section 1 with 18 radiating elements 6 in a tunnel having the length of 500 meters. It can be seen that for all the inserts 7 of the radiating elements 5 the VSWR value is lower than 1.15.
  • the inventive radiating cable and the inventive radiating device for electromagnetic energy tapping and radiating may be most successfully applied on an industrial scale in cases where it is necessary to ensure communication in cellular networks and wireless access in tunnels of various purposes, ship holds, underground structures, large business-centers, multistoried parking lots and other large and complex structures.
EP06716863A 2005-02-24 2006-02-10 Radiation-emitting cable and a radiation-emitting element comprised therein Not-in-force EP1860725B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06716863T PL1860725T3 (pl) 2005-02-24 2006-02-10 Kabel emitujący promieniowanie i zawarty w nim element emitujący promieniowanie

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2005104991/09A RU2265923C1 (ru) 2005-02-24 2005-02-24 Излучающий кабель
RU2005104993 2005-02-24
PCT/RU2006/000052 WO2006091121A2 (fr) 2005-02-24 2006-02-10 Cable rayonnant et element rayonnant faisant partie de celui-ci

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1860725A2 EP1860725A2 (en) 2007-11-28
EP1860725A4 EP1860725A4 (en) 2011-03-02
EP1860725B1 true EP1860725B1 (en) 2012-08-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06716863A Not-in-force EP1860725B1 (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-10 Radiation-emitting cable and a radiation-emitting element comprised therein

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1860725B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101164193B (zh)
HK (1) HK1114949A1 (zh)
PL (1) PL1860725T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006091121A2 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9420219B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2016-08-16 Emprimus, Llc Integrated security video and electromagnetic pulse detector

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9093755B2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2015-07-28 Emprimus, Llc Lower power localized distributed radio frequency transmitter
US9041497B2 (en) * 2012-04-27 2015-05-26 Tektronix, Inc. Minimal intrusion very low insertion loss technique to insert a device to a semi-rigid coaxial transmission line
US9642290B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-05-02 Emprimus, Llc Electromagnetically protected electronic enclosure
CN106898875B (zh) * 2017-02-24 2020-06-12 南京秦淮紫云创益企业服务有限公司 移动终端
EP3382799B1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2020-01-15 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Radiating cable and method of manufacturing a radiating cable
CN109244627A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2019-01-18 上海宇航系统工程研究所 天线及其高频电缆的安装结构

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DE1929451A1 (de) * 1969-06-10 1970-12-17 Rohde & Schwarz Logarithmisch-periodische Antenne
US3870977A (en) * 1973-09-25 1975-03-11 Times Wire And Cable Companay Radiating coaxial cable
US4972505A (en) * 1988-12-06 1990-11-20 Isberg Reuben A Tunnel distributed cable antenna system with signal top coupling approximately same radiated energy
US5220337A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-06-15 Hughes Aircraft Company Notched nested cup multi-frequency band antenna
RU2113038C1 (ru) * 1996-06-24 1998-06-10 Войсковая часть 35533 Антенна
DE10015379A1 (de) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Alcatel Sa Abstrahlendes koaxiales Hochfrequenz-Kabel
RU2181518C2 (ru) * 2000-05-17 2002-04-20 ГУП "Конструкторское бюро "Связьморпроект" Излучающий коаксиальный кабель

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9420219B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2016-08-16 Emprimus, Llc Integrated security video and electromagnetic pulse detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1860725T3 (pl) 2013-01-31
WO2006091121A3 (fr) 2006-12-07
CN101164193B (zh) 2010-04-21
CN101164193A (zh) 2008-04-16
EP1860725A4 (en) 2011-03-02
EP1860725A2 (en) 2007-11-28
WO2006091121A2 (fr) 2006-08-31
HK1114949A1 (en) 2008-11-14

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