EP1859199A2

EP1859199A2 - Heatable housing, device for producing steam and cooking appliance

Info

Publication number: EP1859199A2
Application number: EP06705996A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Rusche; Thomas Schreiner; Thomas Garner; Manfred Bucher; Paul Linseisen; Bruno Maas; Peter Kohlstrung
Original assignee: Rational AG
Current assignee: Rational AG
Priority date: 2005-03-15
Filing date: 2006-02-21
Publication date: 2007-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2026-02-21
Also published as: WO2006097062A2; EP1859199B1; US20080193110A1; US7856170B2; DE502006002065D1; DE102005012219A1; WO2006097062A3; JP2008533421A; CN101160492A

Abstract

The invention relates to a heatable housing (1, 51, 102, 102') for a device for producing steam, with at least one wall (3, 53, 112, 112'a) that delimits an interior space (5), which is enclosed by the housing (1, 51, 102, 102') at least in areas and which serves to hold a liquid to be vaporized. The wall (3, 53, 112, 112'a) has at least one recess (7, 57) for accommodating at least one heating device (9, 59, 73, 106, 106'). The invention also relates to a device comprising an inventive housing (1, 51, 102, 102'), and to a cooking appliance for producing steam with such a device.

Description

Heated housing, apparatus for producing steam and cooking appliance

description

The invention relates to a heatable housing for a device for generating steam with at least one wall which delimits an interior at least partially surrounded by the housing for receiving a liquid to be evaporated, a device for generating steam and a cooking appliance with such a device.

Conventional steam generators, such as those used in cooking appliances, usually have a kettle, which is partially filled with water, which is brought to boiling by radiators. The space requirement of such a steam generator is mainly determined by two factors, namely on the one hand by the volume fraction, which is filled with liquid water, and on the other by the volume fraction of the above-water gas space.

The first volume fraction is limited by the size of the radiator and the space between the radiators for flushing the same and for the removal of vapor bubbles required space. The size of the radiator in turn is determined at a given heat output by the Leidenfrost effect, according to which when heating a vaporizable liquid a certain surface power density of a radiator can not be exceeded, otherwise forms a closed vapor layer between the surface of the radiator and the liquid, the hinders heat dissipation. The Leidenfrost effect is beautifully demonstrated by the fact that water droplets on a glowing plate do not evaporate immediately, but rather move in a dancing manner, as they move irregularly on the plate, supported by a forming vapor layer. The second volume fraction is needed to separate steam from entrained water droplets. The size and configuration of the second volume fraction, ie the gas space above the liquid, are decisive for the steam quality. The quality of the steam is determined in particular by the size of the surface of the water, which must be passed by the steam flow. Because the larger the steam flow per water surface, the more water is entrained by the exiting steam.

Overall, therefore, from the above considerations in conventional steam generators, a large space requirement, if a high steam quality to be generated. In addition, however, it should also be noted that the time required to make a known water-filled steam generator ready, also depends on the amount of water that is necessary to cover the radiator safely, which in turn demands the Size of the steam generator provides.

In the field of power plants, in particular nuclear power plants, steam generators are known in which a rotational flow is induced in a vapor-generating liquid by injecting a further liquid. The centrifugal forces associated with the rotation flow are used for the separation of contaminants, as described in US 4,972,804 and DE 690 13 906 T2.

Furthermore, steam generators are known in which the entire tubular or barrel-shaped steam generator container is set in rotation, which is associated with high energy and cost, and also calls for a high structural complexity, which makes a rotating storage of the steam generator tank required, which inevitably only prove via the axis a fluid supply and removal as practicable. In DT 2 214 566, for example, such a rotary steam generator is described, which is designed for the evaporation of organic driving fluids in a closed circuit of a Rankinemotors. Similarly, the known from DE-PS 904 653 steam generator, but in addition has a regulation for liquid feed for the purpose of setting a liquid ring of certain strength.

In DE 27 57 913 Al a rotating steam generator is disclosed with a rotatably mounted boiler, the construction part waived rotatable feedthroughs for the introduction or removal of a fluid working medium. From DE 37 83 361 T2, a tandem separator for a steam-water mixture is known, in the helically wound baffles put the steam-water mixture in rotation.

DE 692 07 830 T2 discloses a steamer steam generator arrangement in which thin water jets or small droplets of water that are set in rotation fall on a heater to be vaporized.

For evaporation of tap water, especially in a cooking appliance, the steam generator described above, however, do not work satisfactorily, but have the serious disadvantage that the dissolved minerals contained in tap water, especially lime, deposit on the walls and fittings of the steam generator. This can lead to failure or damage to the steam generator, which can usually only be prevented by regular chemical descaling. The resulting, necessary, after-plant maintenance work are again costly.

To overcome this disadvantage, WO 02/12790 A1 describes a method for producing steam, in particular for a cooking appliance, in which a liquid within a steam generating container is brought to a boil by heating at least one heatable wall surface of the steam generating container, during heating by at least a rotatably mounted in the steam generating container first rotor is set in rotation and is pressed by centrifugal forces due to the rotation against the heated wall surface, and the resulting by evaporation of at least a portion of the liquid vapor escapes from the steam generator through a steam outlet and entrained with the steam drops of Liquid are deposited. Furthermore, WO 02/12790 A1 discloses a device for producing steam, in particular for a cooking appliance, comprising a steam generating tank, which can be filled at least partially with a liquid via an inlet and from which steam can reach a steam outlet, and a heating device for heating the steam Liquid in the steam generating container for the purpose of steam generation, comprising a generic heatable housing, wherein the device comprises a first rotor in the steam generating container, via which at least the liquid is set in rotation. By the method or by the device of WO 02/12790 Al, in particular small steam generators for the delivery of high-quality steam are to be provided, which moreover are quickly ready for operation, cost-effective and flexible are heatable and reliable, without inclining to bumping and without requiring regular descaling.

The method described in WO 02/12790 A1 as well as the device described in this document have basically proven, since in particular costly and costly maintenance work for decalcification of steam generators are unnecessary, and guaranteed in operation a maximum heat transfer from the walls to the liquid and not is reduced by limescale by the inner rotating internals so to speak act as a grinding device with the deposits on the walls instantaneously during operation, that is, the rotation, are removed.

However, in the apparatus for producing steam described in WO 02/12790 A1, a certain size of the apparatus can not be undercut due to the use of thick film heaters used as heaters for heating the liquid in the steam generating tank and limited heat transfer to the steam generating tank become.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop the genus in contemporary heatable housing and the apparatus for generating steam such that the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome, in particular an increased heat input is achieved in a arranged in the housing or the device liquid , whereby in particular the construction volume of the housing or the device for generating steam can be further reduced.

The object relating to the heated housing is achieved in that the wall comprises at least one recess for receiving at least one heating device.

It is preferred that a plurality, preferably at least three, heaters are provided, the heaters are distributed in particular equidistant and / or concentric to the, preferably rotationally symmetric, interior.

Furthermore, it can be provided that each recess is designed in the form of at least one bore which at least partially penetrates the wall, preferably in the form of at least one blind bore. It may in turn be provided that the interior of the housing facing surface of the wall is substantially closed, in particular each bore does not penetrate the interior of the housing facing surface of the wall.

According to the invention it can also be provided that the surface of the wall remote from the interior of the housing has at least one first recess between at least two adjacent heating devices and / or at least one second recess and / or at least one third recess in the region of at least one heating device.

It is proposed that every second recess in the region of a heater opens into an associated recess and preferably at least partially closed, in particular pressed, is for fixing the heater in the recess.

It can also be provided that every third recess in the region of a heating device opens into a first recess, but does not open into a recess, wherein preferably every third recess constitutes a scarfing channel.

Furthermore, it may be provided that each heating device comprises at least one heating wire which can be flowed through by an electric current, wherein the heating wire is preferably surrounded at least in regions by at least one first cladding tube.

In this case, it can again be provided that the first cladding tube forms a cladding of at least one immersion heater insertable into a recess, wherein preferably the outer geometry of the cladding, in particular at least one outer dimension, such as an outer diameter of the cladding, substantially the inner geometry of Recess, in particular at least one inner dimension, such as an inner diameter (de), the recess corresponds.

With the invention it is proposed that the first cladding tube of the heating element at least partially a, especially stainless, stainless steel, such as Incoloy includes.

Alternatively it can also be provided that the first cladding tube is formed by a recess enclosed by the wall. With the invention it is further proposed that the heating device comprises at least one second cladding tube at least partially surrounding the heating wire, wherein preferably the heating wire, in particular for the equidistant positioning of the same within the first cladding tube, together with the second cladding tube in the first cladding tube einfuhrbar.

According to the invention it can be provided that at least one intermediate space between the heating wire and the first cladding tube and / or the second cladding tube and / or at least one intermediate space between the second and the first cladding tube can be filled at least in regions with at least one filling material.

With the invention it can be provided that the filler material and / or the second cladding tube at least one, in particular electrically insulating and / or thermally conductive, preferably powdered and / or compressed, material such as magnesium oxide, magnesium nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, beryllium oxide, beryllium nitride, silicon oxide and / or silicon nitride.

It may be provided that the first cladding comprises aluminum or copper.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the housing comprises aluminum, beryllium, caclium, iron, gold, iridium, copper, magnesium, silver, silicon, tungsten and / or zinc and / or is formed as a continuous casting.

The invention further proposes that at least one geometric dimension of the first cladding tube to avoid at least one air gap between the first cladding tube and the housing and / or the second cladding tube and / or for compressing the filling material is variable, preferably the diameter and / or the length of the first cladding tube is variable or are, in particular by applying a compressive or tensile force.

It can be provided that the wall at least partially, preferably in the region of each recess, a material with a thermal conductivity of more than 75 W / m * K, better of more than 100 W / m * K, more preferably more than 150 W / m * K and most preferably more than 200 W / m * K at a temperature of 300K.

In a heatable housing according to the invention can also be provided that the heater has a heat output of more than 0.5 kW, better of more than 0.8 kW, more preferably more than IkW and most preferably more than 1.5 kW.

With the invention it is further proposed that the maximum surface load of the heater is more than 15 W / cm ² , preferably at least 48 W / cm ² .

Heatable housing according to the invention may also be characterized in that the interior of the housing with its inner wall surface at least partially surrounded interior is substantially cylindrical, preferably has a diameter (d _ß ) of about 60mm, and / or the housing at least partially a substantially cylindrical Outside wall surface, preferably with an outer diameter (d _A ) of about 88 mm.

Preferred embodiments of the invention may also be characterized by at least one temperature sensor and / or thermal switch, in particular in thermal contact with the wall, and / or a control and / or regulating device in operative connection with each heater for setting the same, preferably in dependence on output data of the Temperature sensor and / or thermal switch.

The one apparatus for producing steam, in particular for a cooking appliance, comprising at least one container having an interior which is at least partially fillable via an inlet with a liquid, in particular water, which can be heated from the steam to a steam outlet feasible is and which is at least partially emptied via a drain, the object in question is achieved in that the container comprises at least one inventive heatable housing.

It can be provided that the liquid is at least during heating by means of at least one mounted in or on the interior of the housing rotor in rotation, preferably the .Flüssigkeit due to the centrifugal forces acting through the rotation against the wall of the heated housing can be pressed. With the invention, it is again proposed that the rotor comprises at least one paddle which is drivable via a shaft connected to a motor, wherein the shaft is composed in particular of a motor shaft and a paddle shaft connected thereto, in particular releasably.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the interior is rotationally symmetrical to a longitudinal axis with two open ends, in particular at least partially substantially cylindrical, wherein preferably the shaft extends along the longitudinal axis of the interior and / or the longitudinal axis is preferably aligned parallel to the direction of the gravitational force ,

It is also proposed fiction, according to at least one paddle longitudinal side at least partially, preferably in the form of Paddellippen or paddle teeth, at least temporarily touches the wall surface of the container.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the interior is closable, preferably detachable, closable at its one, preferably upper, end by a first cover, and preferably closable at its other, preferably lower, end by a second cover.

It can be provided that the first cover houses the engine and / or the steam outlet.

The invention further proposes that the second lid houses the drain and / or the steam outlet, wherein preferably the steam outlet and the drain are provided in one.

In turn, it may be provided that a separation of vapor and liquid is durchfuhrbar via a siphon and a Streigrohr downstream of the second lid.

Devices according to the invention may be characterized in that the first and / or second cover can be screwed to the container, preferably by utilizing each third recess as a screw channel. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first and / or second lid can be latched to the container, preferably by utilizing at least one spring element.

Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the shaft is mounted in the first cover and spreads in the direction of the second cover, wherein the shaft extends at least over half the distance between the first and second cover.

The invention also proposes that the inlet enters the first lid or the container.

It can be provided that the first and / or second lid is made of a rotary or cast part, preferably made of aluminum, or are.

According to the invention, the control and / or regulating device is in operative connection with the motor, a first closing element in the inlet, a second closing element in the outlet, a third closing element in the vapor outlet and / or at least one pressure sensor.

The task relating to a cooking appliance with a control and / or regulating unit is achieved by the use of at least one device according to the invention for generating steam, in which the control and / or regulating unit carries the device for generating steam, wherein preferably the control - And / or control unit and the control and / or regulating device are executed in one.

It can be provided that the device for generating steam by means of rubber-mounted screw is mounted with low vibration in the region of its center of gravity in the cooking appliance.

The invention is thus based on the surprising finding that the heating power density emitted by the housing can be increased by integrating a heating device into a wall of a housing. In particular, by the formation of blind holes within a wall of the housing, are introduced into the heaters in the form of cartridge heaters or straight, electrical resistance heaters, the heat transfer be increased significantly. Due to the power provided by such heating cartridges or heating elements, the number of heaters necessary to achieve a predetermined heating power can be reduced, thereby enabling a more compact structure of the housing or the device for generating steam.

Moreover, the present invention proposes, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the following way of further increasing the heating power that can be provided by the heating device. For this purpose, the heating device is not formed in the form of a heating cartridge comprising a heating wire, which is surrounded by a sheath which is inserted into the recess, but in the form of a heating wire, which is inserted directly into the recess, the remaining space within the Recess is preferably isolated by means of a corresponding electrically insulating (filling) material. This increase in the possible heating power is due to the fact that when using cartridge heaters, an air gap between the sheath and the recess may be present within the housing wall, whereby the achievable by the heating cartridge power is limited to avoid local overheating. To further reduce possible air gaps between the enclosure and the recess within the housing wall, the heater may be formed as a whole longer than the recess, so that it is pressed by insertion of an axial pressure against the recess after insertion into the recess.

In addition, a recess for a heating device or heating cartridge can open to the outside via a further recess in the housing. This further recess not only allows easy use of the heater or immersion heater in the housing, but also an increase in the same seat in the housing, namely by at least partially compressing said recess after insertion of the heater or immersion heater, which in turn reduces the risk of air gaps between the Heating device or heating cartridge and the housing is avoided, which is the better heat conduction.

Also, in a particularly advantageous form of the invention, the housing according to the invention and the device according fiction, in a rotary steam generator, in particular a steam generator, which operates by a method in which a liquid within a steam generating container by heating at least one heatable Wall surface of the same brought to a boil, during heating by at least one rotatably mounted in the steam generator first rotor in rotation and is pressed by centrifugal forces due to the rotation against the heatable wall surface, and by vaporizing at least a portion of the liquid resulting vapor from the steam generator through escapes a steam outlet and with the steam entrained drops of liquid are deposited integrated.

Further, it is proposed in the method that the centrifugal forces of the liquid and / or the vapor are greater than the gravitational forces of the liquid and / or the vapor.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the method that in the region of the deposition of the drops of the liquid, the liquid and the steam are at least partially forced against at least one aperture, potential vortex in the liquid and / or the vapor are at least partially generated and / or no heating of the heatable wall of the container takes place.

It is also suggested that contaminants of the liquid be eliminated by forcing the liquid against at least one orifice.

It is also preferred in the method that the liquid is fed into the container at a minimum velocity, preferably directed to the heatable wall surface and / or the first rotor.

Alternatively, it is proposed that the level of the container is determined by measuring a centrifugally induced pressure on at least one wall surface of the container, preferably from outside the container.

In addition, at least one pressure sensor may be provided for detecting a pressure prevailing in the liquid, in particular in the region of a wall of the steam generating container, wherein it has proved to be particularly advantageous to control the heating power of at least one heating device or heating cartridge as a function of values measured by means of the pressure sensor set, preferably for setting a constant pressure along the wall of the steam generating container, in particular to prevent the formation of deposits, such as in the form of a layer of lime, on the wall.

Furthermore, at least one temperature sensor and / or thermal switch may be provided, in particular in thermal contact with the wall, preferably via the output data of the temperature sensor, in particular their time course, deposits, such as a limescale, on the wall, in particular on the interior facing Surface of the wall are detectable. This makes it possible to interrupt the operation of the heater (s) depending on the detection of deposits.

It has also been found that it is particularly advantageous to keep the material required for the steam generating container as low as possible in order to promote temperature-dependent expansions and contractions for rapid flaking of possibly forming lime layers. For this purpose, the housing, in particular between the areas in which heaters are mounted, are provided with recesses.

A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that in the vapor escaping from the steam generating vessel condensed and / or vaporized liquid in at least one further downstream of the steam generating container keitsabscheidungsbehälter is rotated by a second rotor, and deposited condensate and from the Flüssigkeitsabscheidungsbehälter is derived, preferably the steam generator tank is returned.

It can be provided that the first rotor in the steam generating container and the second rotor in the liquid separation tank via a motor, preferably offset over the same axis of rotation in rotation.

Further, in the method, the steam may be at least partially supplied to the steam outlet through a tube disposed in the steam generating vessel, preferably in the form of a hollow shaft in communication with the rotor (s).

It is also preferred in the method that the first and / or the second rotor at least during its rotation or at least partially grinding contact to the wall surface or deposits on the wall surface of the steam generating container or liquid separation container and / or have the deposits, in particular in the form of calcifications, at least partially dissolves or loosen the wall surface.

It can be provided in the method that the distance between the first and / or second rotor and the associated wall surface is dimensioned so small that a forming deposit, in particular a calcification, is removed during rotation of the first and second rotor.

It is also proposed that the first and / or second rotor has no contact with the corresponding wall surface in the idle state and is pressed due to centrifugal forces in a rotation at least partially in the direction of the corresponding wall surface or become.

It is also proposed that the wall surface and / or the rotor is dry-heated after an operating phase and / or a wetting with liquid with rotating and / or stationary rotor, wherein adhesion of the rotor to the wall surface is avoided by deposits.

Furthermore, it is also proposed for the method that the steam generating container in the idle state of the first rotor, preferably independently, emptied, in particular via a vapor-tight drainage.

In the method described above can also be provided that the inlet made of a flexible material and is deformed by the pressure of the incoming liquid to at least partially solve deposits in the inlet.

Inter alia, it is also proposed that the feed is cooled by a liquid stream which is maintained continuously via a control and / or regulating device, wherein the liquid is taken from a reservoir and / or a feed line and deposits are at least partially prevented. It is also proposed with the invention that in the device for generating steam, the container has two opposite ends, wherein the inlet and the steam outlet are arranged either both at one end or at each other at one end.

However, it is particularly advantageous if the steam outlet and a liquid outlet are provided at one end, preferably at a lower end, so that by the action of the gravitational force emptying of the container is possible while an inlet either in the region of the container or on other, upper, end of the container is arranged.

In this arrangement, the first rotor, which then also preferably is the only rotor, may then comprise a paddle whose shaft is detachably connectable to the shaft of a motor, which motor may in turn be provided in a lid of the housing for closing the upper end , This upper cover can for example also be screwed directly to the housing, for which purpose already screw channels can be provided in the housing. The paddle can be made so light that it is no longer storable at the bottom of the housing, so that can be completely dispensed with a warehouse within the range in which steam, water / liquid and / or lime can be arranged , which increases the life of the steam generator tank overall.

The separation of steam and water downstream of the lower end of the housing can be done in the latter embodiment via a simple siphon. Above this siphon, in turn, a branch with a riser can be attached, through which the steam can escape and a cooking chamber of a cooking appliance can be supplied. The entrainment of water in the steam can be ensured by means of a corresponding dimensioning of the riser pipe and possibly also by means of a corresponding shaping of this pipe.

In addition, the opening of the housing at the lower end must on the one hand be so large that the steam generating container can be emptied quickly to avoid long waiting times to re-commissioning. On the other hand, the diameter must be so small that liquid can only be prevented from flowing off by rotation of the first rotator, in particular of the paddle. A device according to the invention can thus be characterized by an opening for preferably automatic emptying of the liquid at standstill of the rotor and / or a third aperture in the region of the steam generating container with the lowest gravitational potential, wherein the opening during rotation through a closure mechanism, for example comprising a siphon , is closed.

It is also proposed that the steam generating container is rotationally symmetrical about an axis, preferably substantially tubular or conically widening from the inlet to the steam outlet is.

In this case, a device may also be characterized in that the axis of the steam generating container coincides with the axis of rotation of the first rotor, wherein preferably the axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the direction of the gravitational force.

Also preferred is a device which is characterized by at least one aperture for separating vapor-entrained droplets of the liquid and / or contaminants in the liquid.

It is also proposed that a first orifice downstream of the inlet and / or a second orifice upstream of the outlet is or are arranged.

In addition, it is proposed that the first rotor can be driven by a motor via a shaft, wherein the shaft is in particular a hollow shaft with radial bores and / or slots arranged along the longitudinal side of the hollow shaft in order to transfer steam from the steam generation container to the steam outlet to enable.

Furthermore, an apparatus may be characterized by a liquid separation tank between the steam generation tank and the steam outlet, wherein preferably liquid return from the liquid separation tank extends to the steam generation tank.

It can be provided that in the liquid separation tank, a second rotor is rotatable, which is preferably mechanically coupled to the first rotor. In the apparatus can also be provided that the first and / or second rotor comprises a detachment device which dissolves deposits during rotation at least partially from a wall surface of the steam generator tank or liquid separation tank.

It can be provided that the removal device brushes, fins, fringes and / or lips, preferably of food-safe, heat-resistant material comprises.

It is also proposed that the removal device has at least partially a material reinforcement on its side which is closest to the wall surface during rotation.

For the device is preferably proposed that the removal device has no contact with the wall surfaces in a stationary state, but on rotation, preferably on the use of at least one suspension.

In the device it can also be provided that the first and / or second rotor in the form of a paddle, preferably with two paddle halves, is or are helical, helical and / or star-shaped.

Finally, it is proposed that the rotor itself is flexible, preferably designed in the form of brushes, fins, fringes and / or lips and in the stationary state has no contact with the wall.

Characterized in that in the previously described method or the device, the step is taken to rotate instead of the steam generating tank whose internals, in particular the following further advantages are achieved:

i) reducing the moment of inertia, thereby reducing energy consumption, reducing response times, reducing control times, reducing bearing forces and reducing balance problems; and ii) simplification of the structure, for example, by simplifying the installation and contacting a heater, and the avoidance of structurally complex designs, as are common in rotating outer containers to handle, inter alia, rotatable leads.

In addition, if one chooses the variant in which the steam outlet and the liquid drain are arranged at a lower end of the steam generating container, a particularly compact structure, which makes it possible, the steam generator in the vicinity of its center of gravity at only one point by means of rubber-mounted screw with a low vibration To connect cooking appliance basic structure.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which exemplary embodiments of the housing according to the invention and the device according to the invention are explained in detail with reference to schematic drawings. Showing:

Figure 1 is a perspective, schematic view of a first embodiment of a heatable housing according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a side view of the housing of Figure 1 from direction A;

Figure 3 is a schematic partial sectional view of the housing of Figure 2 along the

Cutting line B;

Figure 4 is an illustration of the first embodiment of a housing according to the invention with a heating cartridge;

Figure 5a is a schematic partial sectional view of a second Ausfürungsform a housing according to the invention with a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention;

FIG. 5b shows an enlargement of the detail C of FIG. 5 a; FIG. 6a shows a partial sectional view of the housing of FIG. 5a with a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention;

FIG. 6b shows an enlargement of the detail D of FIG. 6a;

7 shows a sectional view through a first embodiment of a steam generator according to the invention with a stationary rotor;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view through a second embodiment of a steam generator with a stationary rotor according to the invention;

9 shows a sectional view through a third embodiment of a steam generator according to the invention with a stationary rotor;

10a shows a first partial sectional view through a fourth embodiment of a steam generator according to the invention with a stationary rotor;

FIG. 10b shows a side view of the steam generator shown in FIG. 10a; and

10c is a sectional view of the Damfperzeugers shown in Figure 10b along the section line E.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a heatable housing 1 according to the invention. The housing 1 is formed substantially tubular and has a wall 3. The wall 3 surrounds an interior space 5. Within the wall 3, a plurality of recesses in the form of holes 7 is formed. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, the bores 7 penetrate the wall 3 of the housing 1 completely along the entire longitudinal axis of the housing 1. The bores 7 extend essentially parallel to the surface of the wall 3 facing the interior 5.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, which shows a side view of the housing 1 from the direction A in FIG. 1, the bores 7 are regularly distributed over the circumference of the wall 3. In particular, the housing 1 eighteen holes 7, ie the angular distance α between the holes 7 is approximately 20 °. When using the housing 1 as a kettle within a steam generator, the housing 1 may for example have the following dimensions. The outer diameter d _A of the substantially tubular wall 3 is for example 88 mm, while the inner diameter de of the wall 3 is about 60 mm. Furthermore, the holes 7 may have a diameter of about 6.5 mm, and be arranged at a distance of about 37 mm from the center M.

As can be seen in particular FIG. 3, which shows a sectional view of the housing 1 from the direction B in FIG. 2, the length of the housing 1 is for example 250 mm.

Regarding the specification of these dimensions it is emphasized that these are merely exemplary and of course other dimensions can be chosen.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the housing 1. As can be seen from FIG. 4, a heating device in the form of a heating cartridge 9 is partially inserted into one of the bores 7. The heating cartridge 9 comprises a first cladding tube in the form of a sheath 11. Preferably, this sheath 11 is made of a stainless steel material. Furthermore, the heating element 9 within the casing 11 comprises a heating wire, not shown, of the supply lines 13 a, 13 b can be supplied with electrical energy for generating a heating power. Furthermore, the heating cartridge 9 comprises a signal line 15 which is connected to a temperature sensor, not shown, covered by the heating cartridge 9. By means of this temperature sensor, the local temperature of the heating element 9 and the wall 3 in the region of the bore 7, in which the heating element 9 is located, are measured. On the course of the thus detected temperature can be determined, in particular in the case in which the housing 1 is used as a boiler of a steam generator, whether a disturbing layer of lime on the interior 5 facing surface of the wall 3 is formed. For this purpose, the signal line 15 is connected to a regulating and / or control device, not shown, wherein preferably by means of the control and / or regulating device upon detection of a corresponding Kalkschicht the operation of the (rotary) steam generator is set.

In order to achieve a good heat transfer between the heating cartridge 9 and the wall 3 in the region of the bore 7, the outer diameter of the casing 11 substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the bore 7. The necessary very small tolerances can be achieved due to the fact that the sheath 11 is made of a stainless steel material which allows re-grinding of the sheath 11 to match the outer diameter of the sheath 11 to the inner diameter of the bore 7. In order to achieve a good heat transfer of the heat generated by the heating cartridge 9 through the wall 3, it is preferred that the wall 3 is at least partially made of aluminum. It is further provided that the heating cartridge 9 is filled within the casing 11 adjacent to the heating wire, not shown, with a substantially electrically insulating, but thermally conductive filling material. It is preferred that the sheath 11 is filled with magnesium oxide as filler.

However, the use of the heating cartridge 9 shown in Figure 4, comprising a sheath 11 made of a stainless steel material, leads to an increased production cost. Thus, the use of a stainless steel material as a casing 11 is expensive, and the adaptation of the outer diameter of the casing 11 to the diameter of the bore 7 leads to a complex production process, since the outer diameter of the casing 11 must be made with very tight tolerances. Furthermore, it may be necessary to regrind the casing 11 manually in order to achieve the corresponding accuracy of fit. Nevertheless, it can not be completely prevented that an air gap between the casing 11 and the housing 3 forms within the bore 7, which can lead to an increase in the heat transfer resistance between the heating cartridge 9 and the wall 3. With correspondingly high heating powers of the heating cartridge 9, wherein preferably eighteen heating cartridges 9 with a respective heating power of IkW can be used in the housing 1 shown in FIG. 4, local overheating of the heating cartridges can occur above surface loads of 22 W / cm ² . As a result, a shortening of the life of the heating element 9 is possible. Due to the use of different materials for the casing 11 and the wall 3, in particular, different expansion of the wall 3 and the heating cartridges 9 may occur in such overheating, which may cause the heating element 9 jammed in the hole 7 and not without can be pulled out of the hole 7 within the wall 3 further.

In order to avoid this occurring when using a heating element 9 complications is particularly proposed by the present invention that a heater is used in which can be dispensed with a corresponding sheathing. Such heaters are shown in Figures 5 a to 6 b. FIG. 5 a shows a partial sectional view of a housing 51, while FIG. 5 b shows a detail view of the detail C of FIG. 5 a, in which the structure of the heating device is shown in greater detail. The housing 51 comprises a wall 53, in which a plurality of bores is formed, wherein in the figures 5a and 5b, only one bore 57 is shown. Preferably, the wall 53 is made of a metal with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum, so that the housing 51 is preferably formed in the form of an aluminum profile. As can still be seen in FIG. 5a, a heating wire 59 is inserted directly inside the (blind) bore 57. The intermediate space formed between the heating wire 59 and the inner wall of the bore 57 is filled with a filling material 61, preferably magnesium oxide powder. A compression of the filling material 61 can be achieved in particular by appropriate shaking or pressing the filling material 61 into the bore 57.

This embodiment of the heater has the particular advantage that the heater can be replaced individually in case of malfunction, without the entire housing 51 must be replaced.

FIGS. 6a and 6b show a further preferred embodiment of a heating device which is introduced into the housing 51. In this case, Fig. 6b is a detail view of the detail D of Fig. 6a. Also in this heater is dispensed with the use of an additional first cladding tube in the form of a shell 11 or the first cladding tube is formed by the wall 53 of the housing 51 itself. Similar to the heating device shown in FIG. 5a, a heating wire 73 having leads 71a, 71b is introduced into the bore 57 in the heating device shown in FIG. However, in order to ensure an equidistant positioning of the heating wire 73 within the bore 57, the heating wire 73 is first introduced into a second cladding tube 75, preferably made of magnesium oxide, prior to insertion into the bore 57, and the space created within the second cladding tube 75 Inner wall of the second cladding tube 75 and the heating wire 73 is preferably filled with magnesium oxide powder as filler 77. Subsequently, we introduced the second cladding tube 75 together with the heating wire 73 into the bore 57. In order to improve the heat transfer from the heating wire 73 into the wall 53 and to achieve a compression of the filling material 77 in this embodiment of the heater, the following method is proposed with the invention, it should be noted that this method can also be applied to the heating device for compacting the filling material 61 shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b.

First, the respective heaters are inserted into the holes 57. By an external force on the housing 51, for example by a tensile or compressive load on the housing 51, there is a deformation of the wall 53, which causes a reduction in the diameter of the bore 57 in particular. By this reduction of the diameter of the bore 57, there is a higher compression of the filling material 61 and 77. In addition, while the outer circumference of the second cladding tube 75 adapts to the inner diameter of the bore 57, whereby any existing air gaps between the second cladding tube 75 and the inner wall of the bore 57 are removed. In particular, it can be provided that the aluminum profile forming the housing 51 is pulled or pressed in such a way by means of a die that a change in the shape of the wall 53 occurs. Furthermore, it is proposed with the invention that the housing 51 forming aluminum profile can be edited by means of hydraulic presses. In this case, for example, introduced in the Imienraum of the housing 51, a molding and on the wall 53 from the outside a pressure to be exerted, which leads to a longitudinal expansion of the housing 51 and a reduction in the diameter of the bore 57.

A significant advantage of the heating devices shown in Figures 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b is that by the direct filling of the holes 57 of the housing 51 with the heating wires 59 and 73, a higher surface load of the heaters due to the omission of a corresponding first cladding tube in the form of the sheath 11, as provided in the heating cartridge 9, can be achieved. In particular, there is a good transfer of heat from the heating wire 59 or 73 in the wall 53, since the thermal resistance, which may be increased due to air caused by manufacturing tolerances, is significantly reduced. As a result, the heating power provided by the heater and thus the surface temperature thereof can be increased without fear of material failure of the heating wire 59 or 73. For example, the surface load can be increased up to 35 W / cm ² , as long as a corresponding heat dissipation from the wall 53 is ensured, for example, in a liquid within a steam generator.

As can be seen in FIG. 7, a device according to the invention for generating steam in the form of a steam generator 101a comprises a steam generating tank comprising a a heatable housing in the form of a tubular water boiler 102 with a feed in the form of a water inlet 103 and a steam outlet 104 at the upper end of the kettle 102, a shutter 105 which separates the boiler 102 from the steam outlet 104 for condensate and impurity separation, heating elements 106, in FIG Form of according to the invention introduced into bores within the tubular kettle 102 heaters, in particular in the form of heating cartridges or directly inserted into the holes heating wires, and about an axis of rotation 107 which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the kettle 102 rotatable paddle 108 through mounted two bearings 109 and with a motor 111 via a coupling 114 which is intended to compensate for adjustment errors, and a shaft 113 is driven. The paddle 108 has two paddle halves 108a each with paddle longitudinal sides 108b adjacent to the wall surface 112 of the water boiler 102, in the region of the aperture 105 a recess 115 and a baffle plate 116 to produce a potential vortex in front of the diaphragm 105 on. At the lower end of the kettle 102 is a waste water outlet 117 having a collar 118 to prevent water leakage through flow in a boundary layer. The waste water outlet 117 is closed only by a siphon 119 in order to avoid steam losses, so that the water boiler 102 empties itself when the paddle 108 is at a standstill.

In the steam generator 101a described with reference to FIG. 7, water is supplied to the water boiler 102 via the water inlet 103 and is rotated by the paddle 108 rotating about the rotation axis 107 in order to force it against the wall surface 112 of the water boiler 102 heated by the heating elements 106 which results in a quick and even heating of the water. At the same time, the paddle halves 108a held at rest by springs (not shown) in their rest position shown in FIG. 7, on the longitudinal sides 108b of which are fine flexible lips (not shown), are forced against the wall surface 112 of the water vessel 102 by the rotation. The contact pressure is dimensioned so that the lips only lightly grind over the wall surface 112. As a result, salt deposits, especially Kalkverkrusten, avoided. Furthermore, the longitudinal sides 108 b may have reinforcements in order to achieve the best possible long-lasting release effect with little wear or, in the case of flexible design of the rotor of the detachment device, the ends of the elastic lips used be reinforced in order to increase the contact pressure during rotation against the wall surface 112. In addition, both dirt of the water as well as with the generated steam entrained water droplets, which due to the rotation of the paddle 108 against the Wall surface 112 of the rohrformigen water boiler 102, prevented from emerging with the steam from the steam outlet 104.

The geometry at the aperture passage can be designed to increase the separation rate of vapor and liquid so that a potential vortex is induced, which can be amplified by the upstream baffle plate 116.

In the case of a small diameter of the water boiler 102, despite the countermeasures mentioned, high flow velocities may lead to the entrainment of water droplets. In the case of the embodiment of the steam generator 101b according to the invention described in FIG. 8, the water boiler 102 is therefore followed by a water separation chamber 120, which removes entrained water and is delimited by a second orifice 121. In this water separation chamber 120 rotates a second paddle 122, which is driven by the same shaft 113 as the paddle 108 and which also has a recess 123 and a baffle plate 124 to produce a potential vortex. The water droplets separated on account of the rotation generated by the paddle 122 are returned to the water boiler 102 via a water return 125 in the form of a pipe or hose line. All other components of the steam generator 101b according to the invention according to FIG. 8 correspond to the steam generator 101a according to the invention according to FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows a further steam generator 101c according to the invention, in which additional measures are implemented in order to reduce water intake with a small boiler diameter, identical components being provided with identical reference symbols. The paddle 108 is here driven by a hollow shaft 126, which serves simultaneously to direct the generated steam from the water boiler 102. In order to move the steam into the interior of the hollow shaft 126, this must be provided in the evaporator chamber, so the water boiler 102, over the entire wetted length with radial holes 129a or slots whose diameter or density in the axial direction is varied so that the flow Pressure drop in the hollow shaft 126 compensated and thus the flow component in the direction of the axis of rotation 107 in the boiler 102 outside the hollow shaft 126 and at the same time the water entrainment is minimized. Outside of the kettle 102 can steam z. B. by further radial bores 129b in the hollow shaft 126 or by an axial opening (not shown) at the end of the shaft 126 are coupled out again. At the lower end of the kettle 102, the shaft 126 is supported, whereby it can taper to a correspondingly thinner solid shaft. At the upper end of the kettle 102, the hollow shaft 126 is guided by a seal or vapor-tight storage 127 from the kettle 102 into an overlying Dampfauslaßkammer 128. In this Dampfauslaßkammer 128 above the kettle 102, the hollow shaft 126 has the holes 129b to allow the generated steam to escape again and feed the steam outlet 104. The hollow shaft 126 is again led out at the other end of the steam outlet chamber 128 with a seal or vapor-tight bearing 127 ', wherein the hollow shaft 126 in or above the Dampfauslaßkammer 128 can go into a thinner solid shaft. Above the steam outlet chamber 128, the hollow shaft 126 is coupled to the motor 111 via a coupling 114 for compensating for alignment errors between the motor axis and the hollow shaft 126.

In addition, the level of the steam generator 101a, 101b or 101c can be detected by measuring a centrifugal force induced pressure on the inner and / or outer wall of the boiler 102.

It is particularly preferred that a water pressure sensor is disposed near the inner and / or outer wall of the water boiler 102 and the detected by means of the water pressure sensor water pressure, the heating power of the heating elements 106 by a control and / or control unit, not shown, both with the Water pressure sensor and the heating elements 106 is connected is set. In this way it can be ensured that within the rotary steam generator 101a, 101b or 101c, a constant water pressure along the inner wall of the boiler 102 is generated, resulting in deposits on the inner wall of the boiler 102 is avoided, at least reduced. By a corresponding change in the performance of the heating elements 106 can thus achieve a corresponding adjustment of a constant water pressure.

A descaling of a steam generator 101a, 101b or 101c according to the invention is effected by the flexible lips on the paddle longitudinal sides 108b of the paddle halves 108a, which continuously remove the deposits from the outer wall during operation. The lips themselves do not significantly wear off, as they themselves calcify in the area of the immersion in the water film and so scrapes mainly lime on lime. However, the paddle 108 can not accumulate too much lime since it is driven outward by the centrifugal force. ben and finally scraped there. The resulting lime must be removed from the kettle regularly by rinsing or changing water. The use of flexible lips as a detachment device or the flexible design of the rotor per se has the advantage that can not be adhered to any possible deposits of the rotor with the wall surface 112 in the idle state, since the centrifugal force during rotation, the contact of the rotor or the release device for Wall surface 112 produces. In order to enable automatic emptying, the lower end of the kettle 102 may be provided with another shutter or a shutter mechanism (not shown). In this case, the aperture 105 upstream of the steam outlet 104 can be combined with just such an aperture.

FIGS. 10a to 10c show a further device according to the invention in the form of a steam generator 101 'd. However, the steam generator 101 'd differs to a considerable extent from the variants described above. First, it should be noted that a boiler 102 'of the steam generator 101'd, which is substantially tubular and aligned with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of gravitational force, has a water inlet 103' in its central region between its two ends. Of particular importance is that in this embodiment, the steam outlet and the water drain are formed in one, namely in the form of a steam and water outlet 104 'at the lower end of the kettle 102', in a lower lid 130'b. In an upper cover 130'a a motor 111 'is arranged, the shaft 113' extends into the water boiler 102 'and there screwed to the shaft of a paddle 108'. The paddle 108 'in turn comprises two paddle halves 108'a, each with paddle longitudinal sides 108'b, which have paddles 108'c, with which the paddle 108' can contact the inner wall 112'a of the water vessel 102 ', in particular in operation, ie scrape off the wall surface 112'a upon rotation of the paddle 108 ', limescale and the like. The shaft 113 'is further supported by only one bearing 109' at the upper end of the kettle 102 'and, together with the paddle shaft, does not even extend over half of the kettle 102' along its longitudinal axis, which coincides with the axis of rotation 107 'of FIG Paddle 108 'coincides, as can be seen in particular from Figure 10a.

The upper lid 130'a is screwed onto the kettle 102 ', wherein in the boiler 102' screw channels 112'd, which can be seen in particular in Figure 10c, are provided. The lower lid 130'b can simply be mounted on the kettle 102 'via springs 131'. be clamped, as shown in particular in Figure 10b. This simple construction with lids 130'a and 130'b detachable from the kettle 102 'results in a particularly compact construction.

It should also be noted that not only the shaft 113 'does not have to be guided from the upper lid 130' to the lower lid 130 'b by the merging of the steam outlet and the waste water outlet in the lower lid 130'b, but also no bearing in the area of the water vessel 102 'is necessary for the paddle 108', in which water, steam and / or lime can be present, so that damage thereof is avoided, which increases the overall durability of the steam generator 101'd.

The separation of steam and water downstream of the lower lid 130'b is not shown in Figures 10a and 10b, but may be via a simple siphon. Above such a siphon, a branch can be attached, can be passed through the steam via a riser in a cooking chamber, not shown, a cooking appliance. The entrainment of water in the steam can be adjusted by the dimensioning of the riser pipe and possibly also by its shape.

The kettle 102 'as well as its lids 130'a and 130'b may be formed as aluminum castings and, after assembly, may be connected to a cooking device structure in a vibration-poor manner near the center of gravity of the steam generator 101'd by means of a rubber-mounted, not-shown fitting.

As shown in Figure 10c, in the kettle 102 'six heating elements 106' are arranged equidistant from each other, each in a recess within the kettle 102 '. In addition, between the heating elements 106, which may be embodied as in the previously described embodiments, recesses 112'c are arranged in the outer wall surface 112'b, which lead to a reduction of the material as well as the mass of the water boiler 102 '. This material saving allows for temperature dependent expansion and contraction of the kettle 102 'to such an extent that chalk layers may peel away from the inner wall surface 112'a of the kettle 102'. Namely, without these recesses, it may come to the construction of a lime layer which is so thick that it causes an excessive temperature in the heating elements 106 'and thus to an increased wear and finally failure of the steam generator lOrd could come. In addition, in the case of a lime layer, contact between the paddle 108 'and the limestone layer could occur so that the paddle 108' could come to a complete standstill, ie block the rotation thereof.

The individual heating elements 106 'are connected via cables 132'a and 132'b to a control device (not shown) of a cooking appliance, not shown, as well as the motor 111'. In addition, three thermal switches 133 'are provided, depending on which the heating elements 106' are controllable via the control device. It is also possible to provide a pressure sensor, not shown, by means of which the pressure within the water boiler 102 ', for example at different heights, can be detected in order to be able to use these values in the regulation of the heating elements 106' as well as of the motor 111 '.

Instead of six heating elements you could also z. B. use three heating elements. These would then preferably be arranged at an angle of 120 ° to each other within the kettle. With an exemplary length of 235 mm per heating element, an actual heatable length of the boiler of approximately 200 mm and a diameter of 20 mm per heating element, there is an area load of approximately 8 W / cm ² on the heating element surface when each heating element has a power of 6 kW.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the claims and in the drawings may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Award list

I enclosure 3 wall

5 interior

7 holes

9 heating cartridge

I 1 sheath 13a, 13b supply line

15 signal line

51 housing

53 wall

57 holes

59 heating wire

61 filling material

63a, 63b supply line

71a, 71b supply line

73 heating wire

75 cladding tube

77 filling material

α angle dA outer diameter de inner diameter de diameter

d _D distance

1 length

M center point

X longitudinal axis

101a, 101b, 10Ic ₅ 101'd steam generator

102, 102 'Kettle

103, 103 'water supply

104 steam outlet

104 'steam and water outlet

105 aperture

106, 106 'heating element

107, 107 'axis of rotation

108, 108 'paddle

108a, 108'a paddle half

108b, 108'b paddle long side

108 'paddable lip

109, 109 'camp

111, 111 'engine

112, 112'a, 112'b wall surface

112'c recess

112'd screw channel

113, 113 'wave

114 clutch

115 recess

116 baffle plate

117 wastewater drainage

118 collar

119 siphon

120 water separation chamber

121 aperture

122 paddles 123 recess

124 baffle plate

125 water recycling

126 hollow shaft

127, 127 'vapor-tight storage

128 D ampfauslaßkammer

129a, 129b holes

130'a, 130'b cover

131 'spring

132'a, 132'b cable

133 'thermal switch

Claims

claims

A heatable housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') for a device for generating steam (101a, 101b, 101c, 101'd) with at least one wall (3, 53, 112, 112'a,

112'b) which delimits an inner space (5) surrounded at least in regions by the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') for receiving a liquid to be evaporated, characterized in that the wall (3, 53, 112, 112' a, 112'b) comprises at least one recess (7, 57) for receiving at least one heating device (9, 59, 73, 106, 106 ').

2. Heated housing according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality, preferably at least three, heaters (9, 59, 73, 106, 106 ') are provided, wherein the heating means (9, 59, 73, 106, 106') in particular equidistant and / or concentric around the, preferably rotationally symmetric, interior (5) are distributed.

3. Heated housing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each recess in the form of at least one wall (3, 53, 112, 112'a, 112'b) at least partially penetrating bore (7, 57) is formed, preferably in the form of at least one blind bore (57).

4. Heated housing according to claim 3, characterized in that the interior (5) of the housing (I ₅ 51, 102, 102 ') facing surface (112, 112'a) of the wall (3, 53, 112, 112' a, 112'b) is substantially closed, in particular each bore (7, 57) faces the interior (5) of the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') facing surface (112, 112'a) of the wall (3 , 53, 112, 112'a, 112'b) does not penetrate.

5. Heated housing according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the of the interior (5) of the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') facing away from surface

(112'b) of the wall at least one first recess (112'c) between at least two adjacent heating devices (106 ') and / or at least one second recess and / or at least one third recess (112'd) in the region of at least one heating device (106 ').

6. Heated housing according to claim 5, characterized in that each second recess in the region of a heater opens into an associated recess and preferably at least partially closed, in particular pressed, is for fixing the heater in the recess.

7. Heated housing according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that each third recess (112'd) in the region of a heating device (106 ') opens into a first recess (112'c), but opens into no recess, preferably every third recess represents a screw channel.

8. Heatable housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each heating device comprises at least one heating wire (59, 73) which can be flowed through by an electric current, wherein the heating wire (59, 73) is preferably at least partially covered by at least one first cladding tube (11). is surrounded.

9. Heated housing according to claim 8, characterized in that the first cladding tube (11) forms at least one in a recess (7) at least partially insertable heating element (9), wherein preferably the outer geometry of the sheath (11), in particular at least an outer dimension, such as an outer diameter, of the sheath (11), substantially the inner geometry of the recess (7), in particular at least an inner dimension, such as an inner diameter (de), the recess (7) corresponds.

10. Heated housing according to claim 9, characterized in that the first cladding tube (11) of the heating element at least area wise, in particular stainless, stainless steel, such as Incoloy includes.

11. Heated housing according to claim 8, characterized in that the first cladding tube by one of the wall (53) encompassed recess (57) is formed.

12. Heated housing according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the heating device comprises at least one of the heating wire (73) at least partially surrounding second cladding tube (75), wherein preferably the heating wire (73), in particular for the equidistant positioning thereof within the first cladding tube (57), together with the second cladding tube (75) in the first cladding tube (57) can be introduced.

13. Heated housing according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that at least one intermediate space between the heating wire (59, 73) and the first cladding tube (57) and / or the second cladding tube (75) and / or at least one space between the second and the first cladding tube at least partially with at least one filler material (61, 77) can be filled.

14. Heated housing according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the filling material (61, 77) and / or the second cladding tube (75) at least one, in particular electrically insulating and / or thermally conductive, preferably powdered and / or compacted material, such as magnesium oxide, magnesium nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, beryllium oxide, beryllium nitride, silicon oxide and / or silicon nitride.

15. Heated housing according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the first cladding tube (11) comprises aluminum or copper.

16. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') aluminum, beryllium, caclium, iron, gold, iridium, copper, magnesium, silver, silicon, tungsten and / or Zinc comprises and / or is formed as a continuous casting.

17. Heated housing according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that at least one geometric dimension of the first cladding tube (11, 57) to avoid at least one air gap between the first cladding tube (11, 57) and the housing (1, 51) and / or the second cladding tube (75) and / or for compression of the Filling material (61, 77) is variable, preferably the diameter and / or the length of the first cladding tube (11, 57) is variable or are, in particular by applying a compressive or tensile force.

18. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (3, 53) at least partially, preferably in the region of each recess (7), a material with a thermal conductivity of more than 75 W / m * K, better of more than 100 W / m * K, more preferably more than 150 W / m * K and most preferably more than 200 W / m * K at a temperature of 300K.

19. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (9, 59, 73, 106, 106 ') has a heat output of more than 0.5 kW, better of more 0.8 kW, even better of more as IkW and best of more than 1.5 kW.

20. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum surface load of the heating device (9, 59, 73, 106, 106 ') is more than 15 W / cm ² , preferably at least 48 W / cm ² .

21. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that of the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') with its inner wall surface (112'a) at least partially surrounded interior space (5) is formed substantially cylindrical, preferably a diameter (d _β ) of about 60mm, and / or the housing (1, 51, 102, 102 ') at least partially a substantially cylindrical outer wall surface (112'b), preferably with an outer diameter (O _A ) of about 88 mm, has.

22. Heated housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one temperature sensor and / or thermal switch (133 '), in particular in thermal contact with the wall (112'a, 112'b), and / or a control and / or Control device in operative connection with each heater for setting the same, preferably in dependence on output data of the temperature sensor and / or thermal switch (133 ').

23. Apparatus for producing steam (101a, 101b, 101c, 101'd), in particular for a cooking appliance, comprising at least one container (102, 102 ') which has an interior which has an inlet (103, 103') at least partially fillable with a liquid, in particular water, which is heatable, from which steam can be led to a steam outlet (104, 104 ') and which can be at least partially emptied via a drain (117, 104'), the tank ( 102, 102 ') comprises at least one heatable housing (I ₅ 51, 102, 102') according to one of the preceding claims.

24. An apparatus for generating steam according to claim 23, characterized in that the liquid at least during heating by means of at least one in or on the interior of the housing (102, 102 ') mounted rotor (108, 108') is set in rotation, preferably the liquid can be pressed against the wall (112, 112'a) of the heatable housing (102, 102 ') due to the centrifugal forces acting through the rotation.

25. Apparatus for producing steam according to claim 24, characterized in that the rotor comprises at least one paddle (108, 108 ') connected via a shaft (113, 113', 126) connected to a motor (111, 111 '). can be driven, wherein the shaft (113 ') is composed in particular of a motor shaft and with this, in particular detachably, connected paddle shaft.

26. Apparatus for producing steam according to one of the preceding claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the interior is rotationally symmetrical to a longitudinal axis with two open ends, in particular at least partially substantially cylindrical, wherein preferably the shaft (113, 113 ', 126) extends along the longitudinal axis of the interior and / or the longitudinal axis preferably parallel to the direction of gravitational force is aligned.

27. Steam generating device according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that at least one paddle longitudinal side (108b, 108'b) at least partially, preferably in the form of paddle lips (108'c) or paddle teeth, at least at times the wall surface (112, 112'a) of the container (102, 102 ').

28. A device for generating steam according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the interior at its one, preferably upper, end of a first cover (130'a), preferably releasably, closable and at its other, preferably lower, end from a second cover (130'b), preferably releasably, is closable.

A vapor generating apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the first lid (130'a) houses the motor (111, 111 ') and / or the steam outlet (104).

30. Apparatus for producing steam according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the second lid (103'b) accommodates the outlet (117, 104 ') and / or the steam outlet (104'), preferably the steam outlet (104 ') and the process (104') are provided in one.

31. An apparatus for generating steam according to claim 30, characterized in that via a siphon and a Streigrohr downstream of the second lid (103 'b), a separation of vapor and liquid is feasible.

32. Apparatus for producing steam according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the first and / or second lid (130'a) with the container (102 ') is screwed, preferably by utilizing each third recess (112'. d) as a screw channel.

33. Device for producing steam according to one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the first and / or second cover (130'b) with the container (102 ') can be latched, preferably by utilizing at least one spring element (131 ').

34. Device for producing steam according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that the shaft (113, 113 ', 126') is mounted in the first cover (130'a) and extends in the direction of the second cover (130 '; b), wherein the shaft (113, 113 ', 126') extends at least over half the distance between the first and second covers (130'a, 130'b).

35. Apparatus for producing steam according to any one of claims 28 to 34, characterized in that the inlet (103, 103 ') in the first lid or the container (102') occurs.

36. Apparatus for producing steam according to any one of claims 28 to 35, characterized in that the first and / or second lid of a rotary or cast part, preferably made of aluminum, is or are.

37. Apparatus for producing steam according to any one of claims 23 to 36, characterized in that the control and / or regulating device with the engine, a first closing member in the inlet, a second closing member in the process, a third closing member in the steam outlet and / or at least one pressure sensor is in operative connection.

38. cooking device with a control and / or regulating unit and at least one device for generating steam according to one of claims 23 to 37, characterized that the control and / or regulating unit leads the device for generating steam, wherein preferably the control and / or regulating unit and the control and / or regulating device are executed in one.

39. Cooking appliance according to claim 38, characterized in that the device for generating steam by means of rubber-mounted screw ^■ low vibration in the region of its center of gravity is stored in the cooking appliance.