EP1856951A1 - Household appliance comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof - Google Patents
Household appliance comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856951A1 EP1856951A1 EP05798680A EP05798680A EP1856951A1 EP 1856951 A1 EP1856951 A1 EP 1856951A1 EP 05798680 A EP05798680 A EP 05798680A EP 05798680 A EP05798680 A EP 05798680A EP 1856951 A1 EP1856951 A1 EP 1856951A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lighting device
- household appliance
- supply voltage
- value
- filament
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D27/00—Lighting arrangements
- F25D27/005—Lighting arrangements combined with control means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
- H05B39/02—Switching on, e.g. with predetermined rate of increase of lighting current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a household appliance according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for controlling the activation of a lighting device according to the preamble of claim 10.
- the structure of many household appliances includes at least one inner compartment in which one can place what one wants the household appliance to perform its function on.
- Such an inner compartment may for example be the cell of a refrigerator or a freezer or a refrigerator-freezer, wherein a user places foodstuffs to be cooled or frozen, or the muffle of an oven, wherein a user places foods to be cooked.
- refrigerator-freezer designates a household appliance fitted with at least two cells having different temperatures, thereby allowing for at least two different preservation states for the foodstuffs kept inside the household appliance.
- Said inner compartments of household appliances are often provided with a lighting system which helps the user to lay objects in or take objects from said inner compartment and/or to check the condition of the objects contained in said inner compartment.
- the lighting system helps the user to position the foodstuffs correctly when loading the household appliance, as well as to easily find those foodstuffs that one wants to take out from the appliance.
- the lighting system helps the user to monitor the cooking process, thereby preventing the food from burning during the cooking or from being removed from the appliance prematurely.
- Said lighting system usually comprises, for each compartment to be illuminated, an incandescent lamp comprising a metal filament (typically a filament made of tungsten or a metal alloy including tungsten among its components).
- a metal filament typically a filament made of tungsten or a metal alloy including tungsten among its components.
- the current flowing through said metal filament causes the filament to become incandescent, thereby producing the diffusion of visible light in the inner compartment of the household appliance.
- a constant and predefined current typically the 50Hz or 60Hz mains alternating voltage
- This method has the drawback of reducing considerably the lamp's life, which turns out to be only a small fraction of the average life obtained under uninterrupted operation, this being due to the fact that, when the lamp is switched on, it passes instantly from the off condition to an on condition in which it provides the entire luminous flux it can generate.
- the shock caused to the lamp increases even further in refrigerators, because of the low temperature of the lamp when the refrigerator door is closed.
- Incandescent lamps currently available on the market have different power ratings and are characterized by an average life under uninterrupted operation of approximately l ,000 ⁇ l,200 hours. This average life falls sharply as the ratio between the number of lamp activations and the lamp on time increases, i.e. it decreases considerably if the lamp, in the course of its life, is subjected to an operating condition involving frequent on/off operations.
- Such an operating condition typically applies to lamps installed inside household appliances.
- the lamp of a refrigerator which is usually turned on automatically when the door is opened, is switched on and off several times every day when a user places foodstuffs to be cooled in the refrigerator and/or removes cooled foodstuffs.
- the temperature inside the refrigerator compartment from rising significantly, it is advantageous to keep the refrigerator door open for a time as short as possible. Consequently, the operating time of the refrigerator lamp, once switched on, is usually very short.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems by extending the life of incandescent lamps being subject to frequent on/off operations, said life preferably tending to match the average life under uninterrupted operation. This allows, in fact, to limit or avoid any failures of the lamp during the life of the household appliance wherein the lamp is installed. As a consequence, remarkable advantages related to the comfort and safety of the household appliance are obtained.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a freezer-refrigerator whereto the present invention may be applied;
- Fig. 2 schematically shows a lighting device and an associated control device according to the present invention
- - Fig. 3 schematically shows a possible application of the method being the subject of the present invention to a voltage signal supplying a lighting device, in particular an incandescent lamp supplied by mains voltage.
- Fig. 1 shows a refrigerator-freezer 1 having two cells 2; the upper cell 2A is used for fresh food, whereas the lower cell 2B is used for frozen food. In the cell 2A there are two differently sized shelves and one drawer.
- the refrigerator-freezer 1 is fitted with a lighting device for illuminating the cell 2A;
- Fig. 1 shows the bulb of an incandescent lamp 3 used as a lighting device.
- the two cells 2 are closed by means of two doors 20; in particular, the door 2OA closes the cell 2A, whereas the door 2OB closes the cell 2B.
- Fig. 1 is clearly very schematic and merely exemplificative; many elements usually included in a refrigerator-freezer are not shown in Fig.
- the household appliance comprises at least one inner compartment, at least one lighting device for illuminating said inner compartment, and a control device for operating said lighting device.
- Said household appliance is typically a refrigeration apparatus such as a refrigerator, a freezer or a refrigerator-freezer, or a cooking apparatus such as a cooking oven.
- the control device is adapted to apply a supply voltage being variable in time to the lighting device, so as to extend the life of the lighting device. Such a control is most important during the period in which the lamp is switched from the off condition to the on condition.
- the lighting device is an incandescent lamp preferably comprising a filament, in particular being made of tungsten or a tungsten alloy; it is exactly in this case that the problem of extending the life of the lighting device is particularly felt.
- a control device is shown in Fig. 2; in this illustration, the control device is connected on one side to an incandescent lamp 3 fitted with a filament 4 and on the other side to an alternating voltage source VAC, typically the public supply mains.
- VAC alternating voltage source
- the control device of Fig. 2 may be connected to a triggering device for switching on the lighting device, e.g. the device 6 shown in Fig. 1.
- the triggering device for switching on the lighting device may be provided in many different ways and may be either manual or automatic. If the household appliance is a refrigerator or a freezer or a refrigerator-freezer, the triggering device could be the push-button normally used for activating the lamp when the door is opened, whereas if the household appliance is a cooking oven, the triggering device could be the knob or push-button located in the appliance control panel, through which the user can activate or deactivate the lamp.
- the control device of Fig. 2 comprises a power supply circuit 7, a power actuator, in particular a triac 11, being able to operate the lighting device 3, a mains voltage coupling impedance 12 and a microcontroller 8 supplied by the power supply circuit 7; the microcontroller 8 comprising in turn a CPU 9, a memory 10 and an interface peripheral 13; the memory 10 in the example of Fig. 2 includes at least a non-volatile portion (EPROM, EEPROM or Flash) and at least a ROM or EPROM portion for programmes and a RAM portion for data.
- the mains voltage coupling impedance 12 has the purpose of limiting the current applied to the microcontroller 8 and allows to generate the zero crossing signal of the mains voltage.
- This signal is used as a synchronism signal for operating the triac 11, which regulates the voltage level applied to the lighting device by using the phase partialization technique (according to the known process called "phase control").
- phase control the phase partialization technique
- a control device of the electronic type being preferably programmable, allows to obtain better results in terms of extension of the life of the lamp, thanks to its control accuracy.
- the emission of a luminous flux by the incandescent lamp 3 is achieved by heating up, through the application of electric current, the metal filament 4, which is thus brought to a high temperature at which incandescence occurs.
- the metal filament 4 comprises tungsten.
- the resistivity of tungsten depends on temperature in a directly proportional way: at room temperature (the temperature of the filament when no current flows through it), the resistivity of tungsten is approximately 5- 10 "8 ⁇ m, whereas at a temperature of 2000 C (the approximate temperature of the filament when current flows through it in steady state), the resistivity of tungsten increases to approximately 65 - 10 '8 ⁇ m.
- the duration of the transient is approximately 80 ⁇ 100 ms. It has been found that it is exactly the above-mentioned transient of power absorption (which remains higher than the rated value from the peak value to the achievement of the steady state) which subjects the metal filament of incandescent lamps to thermal stress, thereby causing a reduction of the lamp life, if the lamp is operated according to the method known in the art.
- the fact that said reduction of the life of the lamp is greater as the on/off operation frequency of the lamp increases is perfectly in accordance with such a discovery. Indeed, the higher the on/off operation frequency of the lamp, the higher the number of transients generated and the higher the number of power absorption peaks suffered by the lamp.
- the method being the subject of the present invention aimed at extending the life of an incandescent lamp, is based on lessening of the above-mentioned power absorption peak occurring during the initial transient following the activation of the lamp. Even better results are obtained if the absorption peak is completely eliminated, rather than only attenuated: in this case, in fact, the life of an incandescent lamp will tend to match the average life of the same lamp under uninterrupted operation.
- the method according to the present invention finds a typical application in lighting devices for household appliances, and is particularly advantageous in refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers, wherein the lamp is usually switched on and off (number of times the refrigerator door is opened and closed) several dozens of times a day and the lamp on time is typically less than one minute.
- the method according to the present invention is useful for controlling the activation of a lighting device, in particular an incandescent lamp comprising a filament; according to this method, a supply voltage being variable in time, preferably gradually, is applied to the lighting device so as to extend the life of said lighting device; the objective is to prevent or at least reduce current peaks in the lamp filament.
- a very effective way to implement the method according to the present invention includes the following phases: i) application across the filament of a supply voltage having a first preset value, so as to prevent or lessen the formation of an electric power absorption peak by the incandescent lamp as it is switched on, followed by ii) application across the filament of a supply voltage having a value gradually increasing to a second preset value, said second value corresponding to the rated voltage of the incandescent lamp.
- This implementation is particularly suited to electronic control devices of the digital type; besides, it allows to obtain any desired degree of accuracy.
- three parameters must be set: the duration of phase ii), the first preset voltage value, and the second preset voltage value; these three parameters are not strictly correlated to one another.
- phase ii) lasts from a minimum of 50 mS to a maximum of 1,000 mS, the first value is preferably comprised between 0 Volt and 50 Volt, and the second value is preferably comprised between 180 Volt and 230 Volt.
- an incandescent lamp comprising a metal filament is be activated in soft mode, i.e. by applying across the filament a sequence of increasing supply voltage values. Said sequence starts from a minimum value representing a pedestal voltage value.
- the metal filament is pre-heated in soft mode, the current flowing through the filament being similar to the current flowing through the same in steady state (at approximately 2000 ° C), i.e. much lower than that flowing through a cold filament (which has a very low electric resistance) if the entire supply voltage is applied immediately.
- a soft activation mode also offers the additional advantage of a remarkable aesthetic improvement compared to the traditional activation method.
- the method according to this example provides for applying to the incandescent lamp a variable supply voltage V instead of a constant supply voltage V * .
- Said numerical coefficient K can advantageously have a value of 4 for a tungsten filament.
- W 0 absorbed by the lamp during its activation not to be greater than W * , it must be V 0 2 ⁇ V *2 -(R 0 /R * ), i.e. Vo ⁇ V * /K.
- the above voltage values are to be understood as active values, i.e. RMS values, which are regulated by means of a power actuator; with reference to Fig. 2, said regulation takes place through the triac 11, which is controlled by the microcontroller 8.
- the triac 1 1 is activated by the microcontroller 8 with a delay time t relative to the zero crossing of the mains voltage, said time t having to be set as a function of the voltage value V to be supplied to the incandescent lamp 3.
- the voltage value V depends on the temperature T of the filament 4, and therefore the time t must be gradually decreased in order to create a sequence of gradually increasing wave fractions until the steady state is achieved.
- the first activation of the triac will then occur with a delay time t 0 relative to the zero crossing of the mains voltage not being shorter than 9.4 ms, if the formation of the initial absorption peak is to be completely avoided. Subsequent activations of the triac will occur after gradually decreasing delay times t relative to the zero crossing of the mains voltage, until the steady state is achieved and the triac remains constantly on.
- the same method described above can still be used, with the only difference that the first activation of the triac occurs after a delay time t relative to the zero crossing of the mains voltage being shorter than t 0 .
- the graduality with which the lighting device, in particular the incandescent lamp, starting from the activation at voltage V o> reaches the steady state (corresponding to the voltage V * ) depends on the number N of transitions Pj-P 2 -...-P, -...-P N illustrated in Fig. 3. The higher said number N, the more gradual and progressive the activation of the lighting device, in particular an incandescent lamp.
- a table corresponding to at least one profile for the gradual activation of the lighting device can be stored in the non-volatile portion of the memory 10 of the microcontroller 8.
- Said table comprises at least one numerical sequence consisting of the delay times t relative to the zero crossing of the mains voltage at which the progressive activation of the power actuator, in particular the triac 11 , takes place during the gradual activation process of the lighting device.
- a first peculiarity of the control device could be its suitability for applying to the lighting device a supply voltage having a first preset value when the lighting device is switched on, typically caused by the triggering device.
- a second peculiarity of the control device could be its suitability for applying to the lighting device a supply voltage gradually increasing to a second preset value after said device has been switched on.
- Such an activation profile can be very easily and effectively stored in non-volatile memory means of the control device; if said control device comprises a microcontroller, said activation profile can advantageously be stored in table format in a portion of the internal non-volatile memory of the microcontroller.
- the control device in the quite typical case wherein the lighting device is supplied by alternating voltage, the control device must be adapted to apply to the lighting device a supply voltage having a variable active value; if the control device is an electronic and digital one, the supply voltage variation can advantageously be accomplished through switching techniques.
- the present invention focuses on the behaviour of the lighting device, in particular a filament-type incandescent lamp, when it is switched on and/or off.
- the control device is adapted to apply a variable supply voltage to the lighting device only when the lighting device is switched on and/or off.
- the household appliance according to the present invention has the advantage of ensuring, by means of the method described above and substantially defined in the annexed claims, an average life of its lighting device, in particular an incandescent lamp comprising a metal filament, being comparable to the average life of the other components of the household appliance. Furthermore, it also offers the advantage of being much more suited to usages requiring frequent on/off switchings of its lighting device, compared to the household appliances according to the prior art.
- the lighting device through an appropriate modulation of the luminous flux emitted, communicates to the user information concerning the operating state of the household appliance wherein the device is installed.
- Such a communication can take place through different flashing frequencies or different sequences consisting of flashes and pauses repeated regularly.
- EP068618B1 An example of such a usage can be found in EP068618B1 , wherein the household appliance is a refrigerator and the lamp is capable of warning the user when the refrigerator door has remained open for a certain time, that it would be appropriate to close the door again so as to avoid an excessive temperature rise in the refrigerating compartment; ii) the lighting device, through an appropriate modulation of the luminous flux emitted, communicates spontaneously or when requested by a suitable mechanism information concerning the proper operation of the household appliance wherein the device is installed.
- the lighting device for diagnostic purposes can be found in EP068618B1, wherein the household appliance is a refrigerator and the lamp is capable of signaling the results of an internal self-diagnosis process through appropriate flash sequences to be interpreted by the service technician; iii) the lighting device is used as a resistive load in order to allow the household appliance to communicate with an external auxiliary device through its power cable, according to the communication technique described in WO02/21664A1.
- the household appliance is capable of sending functional, statistic and diagnostic information to the external auxiliary device by means of predefined power absorptions which can be coded as a sequence of binary logic values (bits); iv) the lighting device is used during the final testing of the household appliance.
- the lighting device can be used for carrying out the automatic testing of household appliances according to the teachings of EP1465320A2, wherein said device is used as a resistive load for the transmission of data by means of predefined power absorptions, according to the above- mentioned communication technique described in WO02/21664A1.
- EP1465320A2 the teachings of EP1465320A2
- said device is used as a resistive load for the transmission of data by means of predefined power absorptions, according to the above- mentioned communication technique described in WO02/21664A1.
- the present invention has been described with particular reference to a specific embodiment example, but it is clear that many changes are possible for those skilled in the art without departing from the scope defined by the annexed claims.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10180461A EP2282613A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Cooking apparatus comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO20050148 ITTO20050148A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-03-09 | APPLIANCES INCLUDING A LIGHTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF CHECKING ITS IGNITION |
PCT/IB2005/003275 WO2006095217A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Household appliance comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10180461A Division-Into EP2282613A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Cooking apparatus comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1856951A1 true EP1856951A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
EP1856951B1 EP1856951B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
Family
ID=35613886
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10180461A Withdrawn EP2282613A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Cooking apparatus comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
EP05798680.4A Not-in-force EP1856951B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Household appliance comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10180461A Withdrawn EP2282613A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-11-03 | Cooking apparatus comprising a lighting device and method for controlling the activation thereof |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2282613A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101124854B (en) |
EA (1) | EA010991B1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO20050148A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006095217A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITTO20060767A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-25 | Indesit Co Spa | REFRIGERATION APPLIANCE |
BRPI0804440A2 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-07-13 | Whirlpool Sa | intelligent lighting system and method |
ITTO20100744A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-11 | Indesit Co Spa | MULTIFUNCTION APPLIANCE |
JP6567108B2 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-08-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | refrigerator |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3710065A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1973-01-09 | Litton Systems Inc | Magnetron power supply having in-rush current limiter |
US3898516A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1975-08-05 | Henry H Nakasone | Lighting control system for incandescent lamps |
US4152607A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1979-05-01 | Nakasone Henry H | Soft switch with rapid recovery circuit |
US4474688A (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1984-10-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Immobilization of actinides by electropolymerization |
US5030890A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1991-07-09 | Johnson Samuel A | Two terminal incandescent lamp controller |
DE4231060A1 (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-03-24 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electronic dimming method and dimmer for carrying out the method |
JPH07183083A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-21 | Sharp Corp | Lamp control circuit for cooking apparatus |
IT1266851B1 (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1997-01-21 | Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa | METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF A REFRIGERATOR, AND THE IMPLEMENTING APPARATUS THIS METHOD |
DE29722905U1 (en) * | 1997-12-29 | 1998-02-19 | Wittmann Gerhard | Lamp control circuit |
IT1320621B1 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2003-12-10 | Wrap Spa | METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DATA TRANSMISSION ON THE ELECTRICITY NETWORK |
EP1249922A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-16 | Quadlux, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling voltage flicker |
ITTO20030252A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-02 | Wrap Spa | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC TESTING OF |
-
2005
- 2005-03-09 IT ITTO20050148 patent/ITTO20050148A1/en unknown
- 2005-11-03 EP EP10180461A patent/EP2282613A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-03 EA EA200701513A patent/EA010991B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-03 CN CN2005800474257A patent/CN101124854B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-03 WO PCT/IB2005/003275 patent/WO2006095217A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-03 EP EP05798680.4A patent/EP1856951B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006095217A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA010991B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
WO2006095217A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
CN101124854A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
ITTO20050148A1 (en) | 2006-09-10 |
EA200701513A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 |
CN101124854B (en) | 2012-03-28 |
EP1856951B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2282613A1 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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