EP1856199A1 - Kunststoffformkörper mit durch laser-innengravur erzeugten zwei- oder dreidimensionalen bildstrukturen - Google Patents
Kunststoffformkörper mit durch laser-innengravur erzeugten zwei- oder dreidimensionalen bildstrukturenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856199A1 EP1856199A1 EP06743190A EP06743190A EP1856199A1 EP 1856199 A1 EP1856199 A1 EP 1856199A1 EP 06743190 A EP06743190 A EP 06743190A EP 06743190 A EP06743190 A EP 06743190A EP 1856199 A1 EP1856199 A1 EP 1856199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- molding according
- oxide
- laser
- transparent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010147 laser engraving Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 metal oxide indium tin oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XXLJGBGJDROPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;oxotin Chemical class [Sb].[Sn]=O XXLJGBGJDROPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000402 bisphenol A polycarbonate polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-aminododecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001301278 Cerion Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920005377 Plexiglas® 7N Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)CC1 IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDBZTOMUANOKRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminocyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1C(C)(C)C1CCC(N)CC1 BDBZTOMUANOKRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XZAHJRZBUWYCBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1(CN)CCCCC1 XZAHJRZBUWYCBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical class NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical class OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMLPVHXESHXUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)N JMLPVHXESHXUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006129 ethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical class NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DDLUSQPEQUJVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(N)N DDLUSQPEQUJVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
Definitions
- the invention relates to plastic moldings with two- or three-dimensional image structures produced internally by internal laser engraving, wherein the plastic moldings consist of plastic materials which have a content of nanoscale metal oxides with a particle size of 1 to 500 nm, and both the plastic material and the metal oxide contained the laser light used to generate the image structures is transparent.
- the marking of plastics by laser marking acts on the object surface or in the near-surface region. Decisive here is the absorption of the laser energy in the plastic material by direct interaction with the polymer or with an additive added to the plastic material, such as an organic dye or an inorganic pigment which absorbs the laser radiation. In any case, the absorption of the laser energy causes a chemical change in the material and thus a visible local discoloration of the plastic.
- the laser markability depends on the wavelength - specific absorption behavior of the
- Plastic materials or the underlying polymers of the wavelength-specific Absorption behavior of any laser-sensitive additives as well as the wavelength and radiation power of the laser radiation to be used.
- Nd YAG lasers (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum Garnet lasers) with the characteristic wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm are increasingly being used in this technique.
- Laser-markable plastic materials which contain laser-sensitive additives in the form of dyes and / or pigments generally have a more or less pronounced coloring and / or lack of transparency. Often, the equipment is to be set as laser-absorbing molding compounds by the introduction of carbon black.
- the laser engraving has to work in any depth of the material. This presupposes that the material is essentially transparent to the incident laser radiation, since otherwise it would already be absorbed in the surface region.
- microcracking When focusing a laser beam of sufficiently high power density into the interior of the material which is transparent to the laser light, optical effects cause a limited development of thermal energy in the laser focus. This heat development results in locally limited microcracking in the material. Such microcracks have a dot diameter of 25-40 microns. In visible light transparent glasses and plastics, the microcracks appear as bright spots due to the scattering of daylight at the crack edges.
- corresponding structures can be composed of individual microcracks in the workpiece.
- the pulse repetition frequency of the lasers typically used in this case allows the generation of structures with up to about 1000 points per minute.
- the starting point is a 3D representation of the later motif in a CAD program.
- the surface or the entire structure of the model is computationally resolved as a point cloud whose individual points are converted by the laser beam in the glass or plastic as microcracks. The denser the point cloud through which the object is displayed, the more accurate and clean the model is mapped.
- this cracking can even lead to a subsequent destruction of the molding, some of which only days or even weeks after the laser engraving occurs.
- plastics in addition to the cracking, a local destruction of the material and carbonization may additionally occur, which is undesirable in the interior engraving of materials that are transparent in visible light because of the dark discoloration.
- No. 5,761,111 describes a method for crack-free internal laser engraving by laser pulses in the femtosecond range.
- suitable lasers for technical use are not yet available and would also be very expensive.
- the present invention therefore an object of the invention to find plastic materials and to provide two-dimensional or three-dimensional image structures with significantly improved imaging accuracy by means of laser engraving while avoiding uncontrolled cracking and crack propagation.
- the commercially available commercially available laser sources should be used.
- plastic moldings which consist of plastic materials which have a content of nanoscale metal oxides with a particle size of 1 to 500 nm
- three-dimensional image structures of the highest fineness and detail can be produced by means of internal laser engraving, if laser light is used for that both the plastic material and the metal oxide contained is transparent, irradiated by imaging.
- the invention thus relates to plastic moldings with two- or three-dimensional image structures produced in the interior by internal laser engraving, which are characterized in that the plastic moldings consist of plastic materials which have a content of nanoscale metal oxides with a particle size of 1 to 500 nm, wherein both the Plastic material and the metal oxide contained is transparent to the laser light used to generate the image structures.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of two- or three-dimensional image structures in the interior of plastic moldings by internal laser engraving, in which moldings consisting of plastic materials having a content of nanoscale metal oxides with particle size of 1 to 500 nm, with Laser light for which both the plastic material and the metal oxide contained is transparent, imagewise irradiated.
- Transparent plastic materials should be understood as meaning those which are essentially transparent in a wavelength range of 300 to 1300 nm. On the one hand, the visible wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm is preferred.
- Corresponding materials are particularly suitable for introducing visually perceptible structures by internal laser engraving, for example in the form of art objects.
- plastic materials with laser transparency in the wavelength range from 800 to 1300 nm are preferred.
- Corresponding materials which may also appear colored and / or opaque or completely opaque in their visual appearance are suitable for introducing visually imperceptible structures by internal laser engraving. for example as bar codes or data matrix codes for, for example, security purposes.
- the transmission of the plastic material in the selected wavelength range of typically commercially used, commercially available laser sources should be greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85% and particularly preferably greater than 90%.
- the haze in the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm should be less than 5, preferably less than 2 and in particular less than 1%. The determination of transmission and haze is carried out according to ASTM D 1003.
- Nanoscale metal oxides are understood as meaning all inorganic-metallic oxides, such as metal oxides, metal mixed oxides, complex oxides and mixtures thereof, which cause little or no absorption in the characteristic wavelength range of the laser to be used.
- nanoscale is meant that the largest dimension of the discrete particles of these laser-sensitive metal oxides smaller than 1 ⁇ m, that is in the nanometer range.
- This size definition refers to all possible particle morphologies such as primary particles as well as any aggregates and agglomerates.
- Metal oxides 1 to 500 nm and in particular 5 to 100 nm. When the particle size is below 100 nm, the metal oxide particles are no longer visible per se and do not affect the transparency of the plastic matrix.
- the content of inorganic nanoparticles is suitably 0.0001 to 0.1 wt.%, Preferably 0.0005 to 0.05 wt.% And particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.01 wt.%, Based on the plastic material. In this concentration range is usually and for all eligible
- Plastic materials a controlled crack formation and thus a visible depth mark with high imaging accuracy causes.
- Wavelength range of highly transparent matrix materials excluded any impairment of intrinsic transparency.
- Suitable inorganic nanoparticles for the production of laser-deep-markable plastic materials are preferably doped indium oxide, doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, doped aluminum oxide, doped antimony oxide and corresponding mixed oxides.
- inorganic nanoparticles are indium tin oxide (ITO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO) and doped indium or antimony tin oxides.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ATO antimony tin oxide
- doped indium or antimony tin oxides are particularly preferred.
- indium tin oxide and in turn, the "blue" indium tin oxide obtainable by a partial reduction process.
- the unreduced "yellow” indium tin oxide may cause a visually perceptible slightly yellowish hue of the plastic material at higher concentrations and / or particle sizes at the top, while the "blue” indium tin oxide will not cause any discernible color change. At most, a faint blueness is observed, which is regarded by the viewer but rather as high quality, as a yellow cast.
- the inorganic nanoparticles to be used according to the invention are known per se and are also commercially available in nanoscale form, that is to say with particle sizes below 1 ⁇ m, and in particular in the preferred size range, often in the form of dispersions.
- the inorganic nanoparticles are generally agglomerated.
- the agglomerates, whose particle size is between 1 .mu.m and several mm, can be broken down into nanoscale particles by means of strong shearing.
- the determination of the Agglomerationagrades takes place in the sense of DIN 53206 (from August 1972).
- Nanoscale metal oxides can be prepared, for example, by pyrolytic processes. Such processes are described, for example, in EP 1 142 830 A, EP 1 270 511 A or DE 103 11 645. Furthermore, inorganic nanoparticles can be prepared by precipitation processes, as described for example in DE 100 22 037. The nanoscale metal oxides can be incorporated into virtually any plastic system to impart laser markability.
- Typical are plastic materials in which the plastic matrix on poly (meth) acrylate, polyamide, polyurethane, polyolefins, styrene polymers and styrene copolymers, polycarbonate, silicones, polyimides, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyketones, polyether ketones, PEEK, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester (such as PET, PEN, PBT ), Polymethylene oxide, polyurethane, polyolefins or fluorine-containing polymers (such as PVDF, EFEP, PTFE).
- poly (meth) acrylate, polyamide, polyurethane, polyolefins, styrene polymers and styrene copolymers polycarbonate, silicones, polyimides, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyketones, polyether ketones, PEEK, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester (such as PET,
- inorganic nanoparticles are found in particular in highly transparent plastic systems such as polycarbonates, transparent polyamides (for example Grilamid® TR55, TR90, Trogamid® T5000, CX7323),
- Polymethyl methacrylate and their copolymers wear because they do not affect the transparency of the material. Furthermore, transparent polystyrene and polypropylene are to be mentioned, furthermore all semicrystalline plastics which can be processed by the use of nucleating agents or special processing conditions to transparent moldings.
- the transparent polyamides of the invention are generally prepared from the building blocks: branched and unbranched aliphatic (6 C to 14 C atoms), alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic (14 C to 22 C atoms), araliphatic diamines (C14 - C22) and aliphatic and cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids (C6 to C44); The latter can be partly due to aromatic Dicarboxylic acids are replaced.
- the transparent polyamides may additionally consist of monomer units with 6 C atoms, 10 C atoms, 11 C atoms or 12 C atoms, which are derived from lactams or ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acids.
- the transparent polyamides according to the invention are prepared from the following building blocks: laurolactam or ⁇ -aminododecanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, fatty acids (C18-C36;
- decanediamine dodecanediamine, nonanediamine, hexamethylenediamines branched, unbranched or substituted
- decanediamine dodecanediamine
- nonanediamine hexamethylenediamines branched, unbranched or substituted
- cycloaliphatic diamines bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) - methane, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, bis (amino-cyclohexane), bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane, isophoronediamine or substituted pentamethylenediamines.
- Cycloolefin copolymers of norbornene and OC-olefins which can be made laser-marked with the aid of the inorganic nanoparticles according to the invention without impairing the transparency of the material.
- nanoscale metal oxides can also be used in colored high-transparency systems become.
- neutral color of these additives allows a free choice of color.
- the transparent plastic materials which can be structured according to the invention by internal laser engraving can be present as plates, shaped bodies, semi-finished products or molding compositions. In this case, only a part of the plates, moldings, semi-finished products and molding compounds can be set laser-engravable inside.
- the production of the laser-engravable plastic materials is carried out in a conventional manner according to common in plastics production and processing techniques and methods. It is possible to enter the nanoparticulate additives before or during the polymerization or polycondensation into individual starting materials or Eduktgemische or even during the reaction, wherein the known in the art specific manufacturing process for the plastics in question are used.
- polycondensates such as polyamides
- incorporation of the additive into one of the monomer components can take place. This monomer component can then with the other reactants in the usual way a
- plastic matrix material liquid Depending on the formulation of the plastic matrix material liquid, semi-liquid and solid formulation ingredients or monomers and optionally required additives such as polymerization initiators, stabilizers (such as UV absorbers, heat stabilizers), optical brighteners, Anstistatika, plasticizers, mold release agents, lubricants, dispersing aids, antistatic agents but also Fillers and reinforcing agents or impact modifiers, etc. in customary devices and equipment such as reactors, stirred tanks, mixers, roll mills, extruders, etc. blended and homogenized, optionally shaped and then cured.
- additives such as polymerization initiators, stabilizers (such as UV absorbers, heat stabilizers), optical brighteners, Anstistatika, plasticizers, mold release agents, lubricants, dispersing aids, antistatic agents but also Fillers and reinforcing agents or impact modifiers, etc. in customary devices and equipment such as reactors, stirred tanks, mixers, roll mills, extruders, etc. blended
- Metal oxides are introduced at the appropriate time in the material and incorporated homogeneously. Particularly preferred is the incorporation of the nanoscale metal oxides in the form of a concentrated masterbatch with the same or a compatible plastic material.
- Plastic moldings and semi-finished products are obtainable by injection molding or extruding from molding materials or by casting from the monomers and / or prepolymers.
- the polymerization is carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by adding one or more polymerization initiators and inducing the polymerization by heating or irradiation.
- an annealing step can follow the polymerization.
- the internal laser engraving can be carried out on a commercially available laser marking device, for example from Cerion (Cerion X2, compact, green 532 nm) with a writing speed of 300 to 1000 points / s, a pulse frequency of 3 kHz and a pulse energy of 1 to 2 mJ ,
- Cerion Cerion X2, compact, green 532 nm
- the shaped bodies to be engraved are placed in the device and, after irradiation with a focused laser beam, obtain white to dark gray image structures with sharp contours and high contrast.
- the required settings can be determined in individual cases without further ado.
- laser crystals for example, the following materials may also be used:
- Yb YAG (wavelength 1030 nm, 1st harmonic: 515 nm, 2nd harmonic: 343 nm)
- Nd YAG and Nd: Ce: Tb: YAG (wavelength 1064 nm, 1st harmonic: 532 nm, 2nd harmonic: 355 nm)
- diode lasers emitting at wavelengths of 808, 940 and 980 nm can also be used.
- Plastic moldings with three-dimensional image structures produced under the surface by internal laser engraving be used.
- artistic objects can be realized.
- the transparent polymers can also be colored. It makes sense to use colors that match the laser light do not absorb.
- the coloring can be transparent, translucent but also covered.
- 90g PMMA molding compound PLEXIGLAS® 7N are melted on the preheated two-roll mill.
- the roll temperature is on the front roller 166 0 C and G on the rear roller 148 0 C.
- Another 90 PMMA molding composition PLEXIGLAS 7N be premixed with 20g Nano®ITO IT-05 C5000 and loaded with about 5g of stearic acid on the rollers.
- the rear roller is rotated a little faster, creating a friction.
- the rolled sheet is pulled off the roll 10 times, folded and returned to the roll. Then you pull the roller skin from the roller, allowed to cool and crushed. 2.
- dispersing agent eg PLEX® 8684 F from DEGUSSA AG / Röhm
- the bottle is closed and rolled on a roll bar for 50 hours.
- the polymerization mixture is stirred for 30 min, allowed to stand for 10 min, filled into the polymerization and then immediately placed in a water bath.
- Polymerization in a polymerization chamber From two 6mm thick float glass panes, a spacer cord and some metal clips, a polymerization chamber size of 10 x 200 x 200 mm size is built. The polymerization is set up vertically, allowed to run slowly the polymerization mixture and sealed the chamber. The filled polymerisation is horizontally inserted into the to 5O 0 C heated water bath at 45 and as long are allowed to be polymerized to the polymerization mixture into a solid mass. After removal of the clamps and the spacer cord, the polymerization chamber is 4h end polymerized in a pre-heated to 115 0 C tempering, then allowed to cool in a tempering and removed from the mold.
- Visible light transmission is 90% and Haze 1%.
- the material was laser-marked with a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (emission wavelength 532 nm power level 3, duration 4 min).
- the procedure is analogous to the procedure of Example 1. Only the process steps 3 and 4 are carried out. On the production of a rolled sheet can be omitted. The appropriate amount of stock solution from step 3 can be replaced by an appropriate amount of MMA / PMMA syrup.
- Visible light transmission is 90% and Haze 1%.
- the material was laser-marked with a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (emission wavelength 532 nm, power level 3, duration 4 min).
- Trogamid® CX 7323 a commercial product of Degussa AG, Business Unit High Performance Polymers, Mari, is coated with nano-scale indium tin oxide Nano® IT0 05-C5000 from Nanogate in a concentration of 0.01 wt.% On a Berstorff ZE 2533 D extruder 300 0 C compounded and granulated. From the granules plates were produced by injection molding with the dimensions 10 x 100 x 100 mm.
- the light transmission in the visible range is 90% and the Haze 1.5%.
- the material was laser-marked with a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (emission wavelength 532 nm, power level 4, duration 1 min).
- the light transmission in the visible range is 90% and the Haze 1.5%.
- the material was laser-marked with a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (emission wavelength 532 nm, power level 4, duration 1 min).
- Example 1 A clear line pattern was produced in the polymer material doped with ITO.
- Figure 2 shows the result with the undoped polymer material from Example 2. A line structure is difficult to detect. The differences in the
- Figure 3 shows the result with the material from example 1. With the doped material every single point in the letter is clearly visible. All points are separated. A confluence of dots due to uncontrolled cracking is not observed.
- Figure 4 shows the result with the undoped polymer material from Example 2.
- the letter "a” is traversed by cracks and the edge appears very blurred.
- lead crystal glass which is commonly used for the production of art objects by laser engraving, the superiority of the imaging accuracy of doped PMMA in laser engraving is clearly visible.
- Figure 5 material of Example 1
- Figure 6 shows the result of the interior engraving in lead crystal glass (same point cloud file as in Figure 5).
- the outstanding imaging accuracy of the doped PMMA is also observed in the third dimension.
- Figure 7 shows the side view of the letter "S" from Figure 5 (material from Example 1). A line pattern of approximately 10 lines that are completely separated from each other can be observed.
- Figure 8 shows the same image structure in the lead crystal block. The approximately 10 lines are much wider and more offset than the lines in Figure 7.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005011180A DE102005011180A1 (de) | 2005-03-09 | 2005-03-09 | Kunststoffformkörper mit durch Laser-Innengravur erzeugten zwei- oder dreidimensionalen Bildstrukturen |
| PCT/EP2006/060035 WO2006094881A1 (de) | 2005-03-09 | 2006-02-16 | Kunststoffformkörper mit durch laser-innengravur erzeugten zwei- oder dreidimensionalen bildstrukturen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1856199A1 true EP1856199A1 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
| EP1856199B1 EP1856199B1 (de) | 2008-06-04 |
Family
ID=36216945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06743190A Expired - Lifetime EP1856199B1 (de) | 2005-03-09 | 2006-02-16 | Kunststoffformkörper mit durch laser-innengravur erzeugten zwei- oder dreidimensionalen bildstrukturen |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1856199B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE397639T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102005011180A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2308743T3 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI383015B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006094881A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006062269A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung von sphärischen Metallpartikeln als Lasermarkierungs- oder Laserschweißbarkeitsmittel sowie lasermarkierbarer und/oder laserschweißbarer Kunststoff |
| EP2065165B1 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-11-04 | Eckart GmbH | Verwendung einer Mischung mit sphärischen Metallpartikeln und Metallflakes als Lasermarkierungs- oder Laserschweissbarkeitsmittel sowie lasermarkierbarer und/oder laserschweissbarer Kunststoff |
| DE102008006955B4 (de) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-07-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Herstellung und Applikationen multifunktionaler optischer Module zur photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung und für Beleuchtungszwecke |
| ES2377695B1 (es) * | 2009-07-14 | 2013-02-15 | Bsh Electrodomésticos España, S.A. | Placa de cubierta de aparato doméstico con un grabado interior por láser. |
| DE102009028937A1 (de) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Schild für KFZ-Kennzeichen umfassend mindestens eine transluzente, retroreflektierende Schicht |
| DE102009047164A1 (de) | 2009-11-26 | 2011-12-15 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Sensor zur Bestimmung einer Messgröße in einem Messmedium |
| DE102011016440A1 (de) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Kennzeichenvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| DE102011016435A1 (de) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Kennzeichenvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| DE102011016416A1 (de) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Kennzeichnungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| DE202011100305U1 (de) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-10-20 | Cero Gmbh | Laserbearbeitungseinrichtung |
| DE102011084269A1 (de) | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-11 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymer-Nanopartikel-Compounds mittels einerNanopartikel-Dispersion |
| US8691915B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2014-04-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Copolymers and polymer blends having improved refractive indices |
| DE102014016286A1 (de) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Lasermarkierbare und laserschweißbare polymere Materialien |
| ES2712063T3 (es) * | 2015-02-10 | 2019-05-09 | Jt Int Sa | Procedimiento y aparato para marcar un embalaje de artículos y el embalaje resultante |
| EP3862210B1 (de) * | 2020-02-10 | 2023-06-07 | Smart Coloring GmbH | Anzeigevorrichtung mit funktionselementen und verfahren zur herstellung einer solchen anzeigevorrichtung |
| EP3862209B1 (de) * | 2020-02-10 | 2023-06-07 | Smart Coloring GmbH | Anzeigevorrichtung mit funktionselementen und verfahren zur herstellung einer solchen anzeigevorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3411797A1 (de) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-10 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur kennzeichnung von kunststoffteilen |
| DE4407547C2 (de) * | 1994-03-07 | 1996-05-30 | Swarovski & Co | Körper aus transparentem Material mit einer Markierung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| JP3713675B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-12 | 2005-11-09 | ソマール株式会社 | レーザー光の照射により黒色系に発色するレーザーマーキング材料及びそれを含む樹脂組成物 |
| US6664501B1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-16 | Igor Troitski | Method for creating laser-induced color images within three-dimensional transparent media |
| US6950157B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2005-09-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display with complementary light-absorbing layer |
| US7187396B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2007-03-06 | Engelhard Corporation | Low visibility laser marking additive |
| DE202004003362U1 (de) * | 2004-03-04 | 2004-05-13 | Degussa Ag | Hochtransparente lasermarkierbare und laserschweißbare Kunststoffmaterialien |
| EP1722984B1 (de) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-06-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Durch farbmittel transparent, transluzent oder gedeckt eingefärbte laserschweissbare kunststoffmaterialien |
-
2005
- 2005-03-09 DE DE102005011180A patent/DE102005011180A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-02-16 WO PCT/EP2006/060035 patent/WO2006094881A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-02-16 EP EP06743190A patent/EP1856199B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-02-16 AT AT06743190T patent/ATE397639T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-16 ES ES06743190T patent/ES2308743T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-02-16 DE DE502006000883T patent/DE502006000883D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-08 TW TW095107837A patent/TWI383015B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006094881A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102005011180A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
| TWI383015B (zh) | 2013-01-21 |
| EP1856199B1 (de) | 2008-06-04 |
| ATE397639T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
| ES2308743T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
| WO2006094881A1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
| DE502006000883D1 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
| TW200643079A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
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