EP1853685A1 - Additif pour reduire le couple d'un train de forage - Google Patents

Additif pour reduire le couple d'un train de forage

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Publication number
EP1853685A1
EP1853685A1 EP06735616A EP06735616A EP1853685A1 EP 1853685 A1 EP1853685 A1 EP 1853685A1 EP 06735616 A EP06735616 A EP 06735616A EP 06735616 A EP06735616 A EP 06735616A EP 1853685 A1 EP1853685 A1 EP 1853685A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
fluid
solid particles
solid
barite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06735616A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1853685A4 (fr
Inventor
Andrew Bradbury
Doug Oakley
Christopher Sawdon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MI LLC
Original Assignee
MI LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MI LLC filed Critical MI LLC
Publication of EP1853685A1 publication Critical patent/EP1853685A1/fr
Publication of EP1853685A4 publication Critical patent/EP1853685A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/14—Group 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants

Definitions

  • drilling fluid formulations with a multitude of properties, including lubricity, are pumped down the well through the drill string and out through nozzles in the drill bit, so that the drilling fluid circulates upward through the annular space between the rotating drill string and the rock formation.
  • the functions of these drilling fluids or "muds" are to cool and lubricate the bit and drill string, to carry the cuttings from the drilling process to the surface, to control and reduce fluid loss into the rock formations, and to support and protect the bore hole until the metal casing can be cemented in place (i.e., create a stable hole).
  • Mud lubricity to achieve minimum torque and drag
  • mud toxicity for wells in environmentally sensitive areas, such as offshore drilling
  • Most drilling fluids may be grouped into two major categories: water-based or oleaginous-based.
  • the majority of drilling fluids used today are water-based, i.e., they contain water as the continuous external phase.
  • oleaginous-based drilling fluids including the so-called synthetic-based fluids do have performance advantages, drawbacks are higher costs and difficult environmental compliance in specific areas of the world.
  • the lubricity of a drilling fluid is an important factor in the economics of well drilling and is measured by determining the effect of the fluid upon the coefficient of friction between a moving part, such as the drill string, and a surface in contact with the moving part. The lower the coefficient of friction, the greater the lubricity.
  • the lubricity of a drilling fluid determines the fluid's ability to lower torque and drag forces during the drilling operation.
  • micrometer-sized solid particles or beads may also be added to water-based drilling fluids to increase their lubricity.
  • Some representative examples of this type of lubricant system are: (1) Abrasion- and fracture-resistant, thermally stable and chemically inert ceramic spheres; (2) Plastic beads, for example, those made from a copolymer of divinyl benzene and styrene; (3) Plastic-coated magnetic particles in bead form, to facilitate the removal and recycling of these bead compositions; (4) Chemically-resistant, lime-silica glass beads; (5) Resilient graphitic carbon particles; (6) Cellulose, peat or bagasse, containing absorbed oil-based liquid lubricants; (7) Mixtures of graphite, silicate and silicone materials.
  • the present invention is generally directed to fluids useful in reducing the torque of drill string, as well as methods for making and methods of using such fluids.
  • the fluids of the present invention include a polymer coated colloidal solid material that has been coated with a polymer added during the cominution (i.e. grinding) process for preparing the polymer coated colloidal solid material.
  • One illustrative embodiment of the present invention includes a method of reducing the torque in a rotating drill string component.
  • the method includes, injecting into the drilling fluid a composition including a base fluid, and a polymer coated colloidal solid material.
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material includes: a solid particle coated with a polymeric dispersing agent absorbed to the surface of the solid particle.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent is absorbed to the surface of the solid particle during the cominution (i.e. grinding) process utilized to make the polymer coated colloidal solid material.
  • the base fluid utilized in the above illustrative embodiment can be an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid and preferably is selected from: water, brine, diesel oil, mineral oil, white oil, n-alkanes, synthetic oils, saturated and unsaturated poly(alpha-olef ⁇ ns), esters of fatty acid carboxylic acids and combinations and mixtures of these and similar fluids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • Suitable and illustrative colloidal solids are selected such that the solid particles are composed of a material of specific gravity of at least 2.68 and preferably are selected from barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate, dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, strontium sulfate, combinations and mixtures of these and other suitable materials that should be well known to one of skill in the art.
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material has a weight average particle diameter (d 50 ) less than ten microns.
  • Another preferred and illustrative embodiment is such that at least 50% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns and more preferably at least 80% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 5 microns.
  • the particle diameter distribution in one illustratvie embodiment is such that greater than 25% of the solid particles have a diameter of less than 2 microns and more preferably greater than 50% of the solid particle have a diameter of less than 2 microns.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent utilized in one illustrative and preferred embodiment is a polymer of molecular weight of at least 2,000 Daltons.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent is a water soluble polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of monomers selected from the group comprising: acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate, and wherein the acid monomers may also be neutralized to a salt.
  • the present invention is also directed to a lubricating composition that includes a base fluid and a polymer coated colloidal solid material .
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material is formulated so as to include a solid particle coated with a polymeric dispersing agent absorbed to the surface of the colloidal solid particle.
  • a new and novel aspect of the present invention is the dual role that the colloidal particles play in the drilling fluid. That is to say, the polymer coated colloidal particles may serve both as a weighting agent and lubricating agent.
  • This dualistic view of the material is novel to the drilling industry because previously the functionality of weighing agent and lubricating agent were distinct.
  • the solid lubricating agents noted above generally have a density less than conventionally used weighting agents.
  • mineral derived graphite has a specific gravity of about 2.09 to 2.25.
  • conventional weighting agents such as barite has a specific gravity of about 4.50
  • hematite has a specific gravity of about 5.3.
  • the lubricating / weighting agent of the present invention is formed of particles that are composed of a material of specific gravity of at least 2.68. In this way the particles can serve as a combination lubricating agent and weighting agent.
  • weighting agents such as powdered barium sulfate (“barite”)
  • barite powdered barium sulfate
  • d 50 average particle diameter
  • properties of conventional weighting agents, and barite in particular are subject to strict quality control parameters established by the American Petroleum Institute (API).
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • a gellant or viscosifier such as bentonite for water based fluids, or organically modified bentonite for oil based fluids.
  • Polymeric viscosifiers such as xanthan gum are typically added to slow the rate of the sedimentation of the conventional weighting agent. It is therefore very surprising that the products of this invention, which comprise solid colloidal particles that are coated with a polymeric defloculating agent or dispersing agent, provide fluids that contain high density solids that also reduce the torque in the rotating portions of the drill string without increasing sedimentation or sag.
  • the additives of this invention comprise dispersed solid colloidal particles that are coated with a polymeric defloculating agent or dispersing agent.
  • the fine particle size will generate suspensions or slurries that will show a reduced tendency to sediment or sag, whilst the polymeric dispersing agent on the surface of the particle control the inter-particle interactions. It is the combination of fine particle size and control of colloidal interactions that reconciles the two objectives of high density and increased lubricity.
  • the polymeric dispersant is coated onto the surface of the particulate weighting during the grinding process utilized to form the colloidal particle. It is believed that during the course of the grinding process, newly exposed particle surfaces become polymer coated thus resulting in the properties exhibited by the colloidal solids of the present invention.
  • Experimental data has shown that colloidal solid material created in the absence of the polymeric dispersant results in a concentrated slurry of small particles that is an unpumpable paste or gel.
  • a polymeric dispersant is added during the grinding process. It is believed that this difference provides an advantageous improvement in the state of dispersion of the particles compared to post addition of the polymeric dispersant to fine particles.
  • the polymeric dispersant is chosen so as it provides the suitable colloidal inter-particle interaction mechanism to make it tolerant to a range of common well bore contaminants, including salt saturated.
  • a method of grinding a solid material to obtain the solid colloidal particle so of the present invention is well known for example from British Patent Specification No 1,472,701 or No 1,599,632.
  • the mineral in an aqueous suspension is mixed with a polymeric dispersing agent and then ground within an agitated fluidized bed of a particulate grinding medium for a time sufficient to provide the required particle size distribution.
  • An important preferred embodiment aspect of the present invention is the presence of the dispersing agent in the step of "wet" grinding the mineral. This prevents new crystal surfaces formed during the grinding step from forming agglomerates which are not so readily broken down if they are subsequently treated with a dispersing agent.
  • a preferred embodiment of this invention is for the weight average particle diameter (d 50 ) of the colloidal solid particles to be less than ten microns.
  • Another preferred and illustrative embodiment is such that at least 50% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns and more preferably at least 80% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns.
  • the particle diameter distribution in one illustrative embodiment is such that greater than 25% of the solid particles have a diameter of less than 2 microns and more preferably greater than 50% of the solid particle have a diameter of less than 2 microns. This will enhance the suspension's characteristics in terms of sedimentation or sag stability without the viscosity of the fluid increasing so as to make it unpumpable.
  • the polymer coated colloidal particles according the invention may be provided as a concentrated slurry either in an aqueous medium or an oleaginous liquid.
  • the oleaginous liquid should have a kinematic viscosity of less than 10 centistokes (10 mm 2 /s) at 40 °C and, for safety reasons, a flash point of greater than 60 0 C.
  • Suitable oleaginous liquids are for example diesel oil, mineral or white oils, n-alkanes or synthetic oils such as alpha-olefm oils, ester oils or poly(alpha-olefins).
  • the dispersing agent may be, for example, a water-soluble polymer of molecular weight of at least 2,000 Daltons.
  • the polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of any monomers selected from (but not limited to) the class comprising: acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate.
  • the acid monomers may also be neutralized to a salt such as the sodium salt.
  • intermediate molecular weight polymers in the range 10,000 to 200,000 for example
  • Intermediate molecular weight dispersing agents are advantageously less sensitive to contaminants such as salt, clays, and therefore are well adapted to well bore fluids.
  • the dispersing agent may be selected for example among carboxylic acids of molecular weight of at least 150 such as oleic acid and polybasic fatty acids, alkylbenzene sulphonic acids, alkane sulphonic acids, linear alpha-olefin sulphonic acid or the alkaline earth metal salts of any of the above acids, phospholipids such as lecithin, synthetic polymers such as Hypermer OM-I (trademark of ICI).
  • carboxylic acids of molecular weight of at least 150 such as oleic acid and polybasic fatty acids, alkylbenzene sulphonic acids, alkane sulphonic acids, linear alpha-olefin sulphonic acid or the alkaline earth metal salts of any of the above acids, phospholipids such as lecithin, synthetic polymers such as Hypermer OM-I (trademark of ICI).
  • the formation of the colloidal solid material by a high energy wet process in which API Barite of median particle size of 25-30 micron is reduced to a median particle size of less than 2 microns, is more efficient when the milling is done at high density, normally greater than 2.1 sg, preferably at 2.5sg.
  • the volume or mass fraction of barite is very high.
  • a specific gravity of 2.5 a lOOkgs of the final product contains about 78kgs is barite.
  • the resulting slurry still remains fluid.
  • the presence of the surface active polymer during the course of the cominution process is an important factor in achieving the results of the present invention.
  • the surface active polymer is designed to adsorb onto surface sites of the barite particles.
  • the polymer In the grinder, where there is a very high mass fraction of barite, the polymer easily finds it way onto the newly formed particle surfaces. Once the polymer 'finds' the barite - and in the environment of the grinder it has every chance to do so — a combination of the extremely high energy environment in the wet grinding mill (which can reach 85 to 90 C inside the mill), effectively ensures that the polymer is 'wrapped' around the colloidal size barite. As a result of this process it is speculated that no polymer 'loops' or 'tails' are hanging off the barite to get attached, snagged, or tangled up with adjacent particles. Thus it is speculated that the high energy and shear of the grinding process ensures the polymer remains on the barite permanently and thus the polymer doesn't desorb, or become detached.
  • ground barite a standard grade of API barite, having a weight average particle diameter (D 50 ) of about 20 microns ; a untreated barite (M) having an average size of 3 -5 microns made by milling/grinding barite while in the dry state and in the absence of a dispersant, with and colloidal barite according the present invention with a polymeric dispersant included during a "wet" grinding process.
  • D 50 weight average particle diameter
  • M untreated barite
  • M having an average size of 3 -5 microns made by milling/grinding barite while in the dry state and in the absence of a dispersant
  • colloidal barite according the present invention with a polymeric dispersant included during a "wet" grinding process.
  • FIG 1 A representative sample of particle size distributions are shown figure 1.
  • the colloidal barite particles of the present invention have a particle size distribution that is very different from that of API barite. Specifically one should be able to determine that greater than about 90% (by volume) of the colloidal barite of the present invention has a particle diameter less than about 5 microns, hi contrast, less than 15 percent by volume of the particles in API specification barite have a particle diameter less than 5 microns.
  • the polymeric dispersant is IDSPERSETM XT an anionic acrylic ter-polymer of molecular weight in the range 40,000-120,000 with carboxylate and other functional groups commercially available from M-I LLC. Houston, Texas. This preferred polymer is advantageously stable at temperature up to 200 °C, tolerant to a broad range of contaminant, gives good filtration properties and do not readily desorb off the particle surface.
  • Example 1 illustrate the dual use of the lubricating agent as both weighting agent and as a lubricating agent, (i.e. reducing torque)
  • Example 1 illustrate the dual use of the lubricating agent as both weighting agent and as a lubricating agent, (i.e. reducing torque)
  • Fluid #3 exhibits an excellent, low, plastic viscosity.
  • the presence of the dispersing polymer controls the inter-particle interactions, so making fluid #3 pumpable and not a gel. Also the much lower average particle size has stabilized the flow regime and is now laminar at 1000 s "1 demonstrated by the low plastic viscosity and positive yield point.
  • Example 2
  • a factor of 0.50 indicates zero solids separation and a no density variation throughout the fluid sample.
  • a sag factor greater than 0.52 is normally considered unacceptable solids separation.
  • two 13.0 ppg fluid formulations are compared, one weighted with conventional API barite and the second weighted with polymer coated colloidal barite (PCC barite) made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as a 2.2sg liquid slurry.
  • PCC barite polymer coated colloidal barite
  • Other additives in the formulation are included to provide additional control of pH, fluid loss, rheology, inhibition to reactive shale and claystones. These additives are available from M-I Drilling Fluids.
  • the fluids were heat aged statically for 48 hrs at 104 0 F with the following exemplary results.
  • Fluid A formulated with the polymer coated colloidal barite, had no solids separation with a sag factor of zero with a rheological profile much lower than a fluid weighted with conventional API barite.
  • Fluid A was formulated with the polymer coated colloidal barite of this invention.
  • Fluid B was formulated with conventional API barite.
  • Fluid C was formulated with a commercial grade of non coated colloidal barite, of median particle size of 1.6 microns available from Highwood Resources Ltd., Canada. Post grinding addition of the coating polymer of the invention are included in the formulation of Fluids B and C to maintain the fluid in a deflocculated condition.
  • Samples of fluid A, B and C were purposely contaminated with bentonite to simulate the inclusion of naturally drilled solids in the formulation.
  • the samples were heat aged dynamically at 150 0 F for 16 hrs. Exemplary and representative results after aging are shown below.
  • the fluids were heat aged dynamically for 16 hrs at 15O 0 F.
  • the following table presented exemplary results.
  • VST Viscometer Sag Test
  • ECF-614 additive is an organophilic clay additive available from M-I Drilling Fluids.
  • the fluid was heat aged statically for 4 days at 35O 0 F.
  • the following table provides exemplary results.
  • OCMA Ocma clay, a fine particle ball clay commonly used to replicate drilled solids contamination acquired from shale sediments during drilling
  • the weighting agents comprised a blend of 35% w/w new barite lubricating / weighting agent with 65% w/w API grade barite (Fluid #1) weighting agent and 100% API grade barite (fluid #2), both with 11.5 pound per barrel [32.8 kg/m 3 ] STAPLEX 500 (mark of Schlumberger, shale stabilizer), 2 pound per barrel [5.7 kg/m 3 ] IDCAP (mark of Schlumberger, shale inhibitor), and 3.5 pound per barrel [10 kg/m 3 ] potassium chloride.
  • the other additives provide inhibition to the drilling fluid, but here demonstrate the capacity of the new formulation to cope with any subsequent polymer additions.
  • the fluid was hot rolled to 200 ° F (93.3 0 C). Results are provided in table VIII. Table VIII
  • Fluid #15 is based on synthetic oil (Ultidrill, Mark of Schlumberger, a linear alpha-olefm having 14 to 16 carbon atoms).
  • Fluid #16 is a water-based mud and includes a viscosifier (0.5 ppb IDVIS, Mark of Schlumberger, a pure xanthan gum polymer) and a fluid loss control agent (6.6 ppb IDFLO Mark of Schlumberger). Fluid #15 was hot rolled at 200 0 F (93.3 0 C), fluid #16 at 250 °F (121.1 0 C). After hot rolling results are shown table IX. Table IX
  • the lubricating / weighting agent is composed of the new colloidal barite according to the present invention with 50 pound per barrel [142.65 kg/m 3 ] standard API grade, calcium carbonate, which acts as bridging solids.
  • the 18.6ppg [2.23 g/cm 3 ] fluid was formulated with 2 pound per barrel [5.7 kg/m 3 ] PTS 200 (mark of Schlumberger, pH buffer)
  • the static aging tests were carried out at 400 0 F (204.4 0 C) for 72 hours.
  • the results shown in the table below, before (BSA) and after (ASA) static aging reveal good stability to sedimentation and rheological profile.
  • *free water is the volume of clear water that appears on top of the fluid. The remainder of the fluid has uniform density.
  • the lubricating / weighting agent is composed of the new colloidal barite according to the present invention.
  • the 16ppg [1.91 g/cm 3 ] fluid was formulated with caustic soda to adjust the pH to the required level, with the subsequent fluid rheology and API filtration tested.
  • the results shown in the table below reveal good stability to pH variation and rheological profile.
  • the lubricating / weighting agent is composed of the new colloidal barite according to the present invention, with 10 pounds per barrel [28.53 kg/m 3 ] CALOTEMP (mark of Schlumberger, fluid loss additive) and 1 pound per barrel [2.85 kg/m 3 ] PTS 200 (mark of Schlumberger, pH buffer).
  • the 17p ⁇ g [2.04 g/m 3 ] and 18p ⁇ g [2.16 g/cm 3 ] fluids were static aged for 72 hours at 25O 0 F (121 0 C). The results shown in the table below reveal good stability to sedimentation and low rheological profile with the subsequent filtration tested.
  • the fluid exhibited the following properties:
  • the section was drilled with a mud weight of 13.2 lb/gal and an oil: water ratio of between 72:28 and 84:16. Water activity varied between 0.89 and 0.82 with the electrical stability controlled between 675 and 706 Volts. The observations were: no sag or settlement or change in the mud weight occurred; an aggressive (i.e. finer screen) solids separation program could be used; no differential sticking with 2,321 psi overbalance pressure in the lower part of the reservoir. The fluid system reduced the torque in the open hole by about 28% when compared to the offsets drilled with convention drilling fluids.
  • fluids including the polymer dispersant coated colloidal barite of the present invention reduced the torque required to rotate the drilling string when compared to conventionally formulated fluids.
  • one illustrative embodiment of the present invention includes a method of reducing the torque of a drill string utilized to drill subterranean wells.
  • the method includes, injecting into the drilling fluid a composition including a base fluid, and a polymer coated colloidal solid material.
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material includes: a solid particle having an weight average particle diameter (d 5 o) of less than ten microns, and a polymeric dispersing agent absorbed to the surface of the solid particle during the course of the cominution process.
  • the base fluid utilized in the above illustrative embodiment can be an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid and preferably is selected from: water, brine, diesel oil, mineral oil, white oil, n-alkanes, synthetic oils, saturated and unsaturated poly(alpha-olefms), esters of fatty acid carboxylic acids and combinations and mixtures of these and similar fluids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • Suitable and illustrative colloidal solids are selected such that the solid particles are composed of a material of specific gravity of at least 2.68 and preferably are selected from barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate, dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, strontium sulfate, combinations and mixtures of these and other suitable materials that should be well known to one of skill in the art.
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material has a weight average particle diameter (dso) less than 2.0 microns.
  • Another illustrative embodiment contains at least 60% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns or alternatively more than 25% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent utilized in one illustrative and preferred embodiment is a polymer of molecular weight of at least 2,000 Daltons.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent is a water soluble polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of monomers selected from the group comprising: acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate, and wherein the acid monomers may also be neutralized to a salt.
  • the present invention is also directed to a lubricating composition that includes a base fluid and a polymer coated colloidal solid material .
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material is formulated so as to include a solid particle having an weight average particle diameter (ds 0 ) of less than ten microns; and a polymeric dispersing agent coated onto the surface of the solid particle.
  • One illustrative embodiment includes a base fluid that is either an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid and preferably is selected from, water, brine, diesel oil, mineral oil, white oil, n-alkanes, synthetic oils, saturated and unsaturated poly(alpha-olefins), esters of fatty acid carboxylic acids, combinations and mixtures of these and other similar fluids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • a base fluid that is either an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid and preferably is selected from, water, brine, diesel oil, mineral oil, white oil, n-alkanes, synthetic oils, saturated and unsaturated poly(alpha-olefins), esters of fatty acid carboxylic acids, combinations and mixtures of these and other similar fluids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • the solid particles are composed of a material of specific gravity of at least 2.68 and more preferably that the colloidal solid is selected from barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate, dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, strontium sulfate and combinations and mixtures of these and other similar solids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • the polymer coated colloidal solid material utilized in one illustrative and preferred embodiment has a weight average particle diameter (d 50 ) less than 2.0 microns.
  • Another illustrative embodiment contains at least 60% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns or alternatively more than 25% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns.
  • a polymeric dispersing agent is utilized in a preferred and illustrative embodiment, and is selected such that the polymer preferably has a molecular weight of at least 2,000 Daltons.
  • the illustrative polymeric dispersing agent may be a water soluble polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of monomers selected from the group comprising: acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate, and wherein the acid monomers may also be neutralized to a salt.
  • the present invention further includes a method of making the polymer coated colloidal solid material described above.
  • Such an illustrative method includes grinding a solid particulate material and a polymeric dispersing agent for a sufficient time to achieve an weight average particle diameter (dso) of less than ten microns; and so that the polymeric dispersing agent is absorbed to the surface of the solid particle.
  • the illustrative grinding process is carried out in the presence of a base fluid.
  • the base fluid utilized in one illustrative embodiment is either an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid and preferably is selected from, water, brine, diesel oil, mineral oil, white oil, n-alkanes, synthetic oils, saturated and unsaturated poly(alpha-olefins), esters of fatty acid carboxylic acids and combinations thereof.
  • the solid particulate material is selected from materials having of specific gravity of at least 2.68 and preferably the solid particulate material is selected from barium sulfate (barite), calcium carbonate, dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, strontium sulfate, combinations and mixtures of these and other similar solids that should be apparent to one of skill in the art.
  • the method of the present invention involves the grinding the solid in the presence of a polymeric dispersing agent.
  • this polymeric dispersing agent is a polymer of molecular weight of at least 2,000 Daltons.
  • the polymeric dispersing agent in one preferred and illustrative agent is a water soluble polymer that is a homopolymer or copolymer of monomers selected from the group comprising: acrylic acid, itaconic acid, nialeic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate, and wherein the acid monomers may also be neutralised to a salt.
  • the product of the above illustrative process is considered part of the present invention.
  • one such preferred embodiment includes the product of the above illustrative process in which the polymer coated colloidal solid material has a weight average particle diameter (d 50 ) less than 2.0 microns.
  • Another illustrative embodiment contains at least 60% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns or alternatively more than 25% of the solid particles have a diameter less than 2 microns.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un additif pour réduire le couple d'un train de forage utilisé pour forer un puits souterrain, qui consiste à injecter dans le fluide de forage une composition comprenant un fluide de base et une matière solide colloïdale enrobée d'un polymère. La matière solide colloïdale enrobée d'un polymère comprend: une particule solide ayant un diamètre moyen pondéré des particules (d50) inférieur à dix micromètres, et un agent de dispersion polymère enrobant la surface des particules solides pendant le processus de réduction de taille (c'est-à-dire de broyage), utilisé pour fabriquer des particules colloïdales. L'agent de dispersion polymère peut être un polymère hydrosoluble ayant une masse moléculaire d'au moins 2000 daltons. La matière particulaire peut être sélectionnée parmi les matières ayant un poids spécifique d'au moins 2,68, et peut de préférence être sélectionnée parmi le sulfate de baryum (barite), le carbonate de calcium, la dolomite, l'ilmenite, l'hématite, l'olivine, la sidérite, le sulfate de strontium, leurs combinaisons et les mélanges entre eux et avec d'autres solides similaires, connus des spécialistes dans le domaine.
EP06735616A 2005-02-22 2006-02-22 Additif pour reduire le couple d'un train de forage Withdrawn EP1853685A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65528805P 2005-02-22 2005-02-22
PCT/US2006/006030 WO2006091562A1 (fr) 2005-02-22 2006-02-22 Additif pour reduire le couple d'un train de forage

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EP1853685A1 true EP1853685A1 (fr) 2007-11-14
EP1853685A4 EP1853685A4 (fr) 2011-11-30

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US (1) US20080167203A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1853685A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN101124307B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0607902A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2598123C (fr)
EA (1) EA011177B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007010236A (fr)
NO (1) NO20074059L (fr)
WO (1) WO2006091562A1 (fr)

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US20090186781A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Hallibruton Energy Services, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Drilling fluids comprising sub-micron precipitated barite as a component of the weighting agent and associated methods
US8252729B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2012-08-28 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. High performance drilling fluids with submicron-size particles as the weighting agent
US8324136B1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2012-12-04 Grinding & Sizing Company LLC Synergistic bead lubricant and methods for providing improved lubrication to drilling fluids for horizontal drilling
US8623790B2 (en) * 2010-12-21 2014-01-07 Newpark Drilling Fluids Llc Method of drilling a subterranean well with crosslinked polyacrylic acid
US9777207B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2017-10-03 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Wellbore fluids comprising mineral particles and methods relating thereto
US10407988B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2019-09-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Wellbore fluids comprising mineral particles and methods relating thereto
US9410065B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2016-08-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Precipitated particles and wellbore fluids and methods relating thereto
CN103396770B (zh) * 2013-07-16 2015-08-19 蔡修枝 一种多功能钻井液助剂

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US20040127366A1 (en) * 1996-07-24 2004-07-01 M-I Llc Additive for increasing the density of an oil-based fluid and fluid comprising such additive
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CN101124307A (zh) 2008-02-13
EA200701078A1 (ru) 2007-10-26
BRPI0607902A2 (pt) 2009-10-20
CN101124307B (zh) 2011-04-20
NO20074059L (no) 2007-11-19
CA2598123A1 (fr) 2006-08-31
WO2006091562A8 (fr) 2007-11-01
EA011177B1 (ru) 2009-02-27
EP1853685A4 (fr) 2011-11-30
US20080167203A1 (en) 2008-07-10
WO2006091562A1 (fr) 2006-08-31
MX2007010236A (es) 2007-11-06
CA2598123C (fr) 2013-11-12

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