EP1842785B1 - Envelope with sealing closure - Google Patents

Envelope with sealing closure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1842785B1
EP1842785B1 EP07105498A EP07105498A EP1842785B1 EP 1842785 B1 EP1842785 B1 EP 1842785B1 EP 07105498 A EP07105498 A EP 07105498A EP 07105498 A EP07105498 A EP 07105498A EP 1842785 B1 EP1842785 B1 EP 1842785B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
opening
adhesive
leaktight
free flap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07105498A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1842785A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Allegre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Decomatic SA
Original Assignee
Decomatic SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Decomatic SA filed Critical Decomatic SA
Publication of EP1842785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1842785A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1842785B1 publication Critical patent/EP1842785B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
    • B65D33/1691—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using adhesive applied to attached closure elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/52—Details
    • B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
    • B65D75/5894—Preformed openings provided in a wall portion and covered by a separate removable flexible element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of a flexible plastic envelope with tightness able to withstand a depression or an overpressure.
  • the sealed envelope according to the invention finds a particularly advantageous application to ensure the packaging of articles in the general sense such as pharmaceutical or biological products.
  • U.S. Patent 5,765,341 comprises two superimposed sheets of flexible plastic material assembled together on at least some of their edges by welds.
  • the envelope has a passage or an opening giving access to its internal volume and extending recessed from the edges of the envelope.
  • This opening is equipped with a sealing system made for example using a pre-glued adhesive attached to the outside of the envelope on a flap flap.
  • This adhesive is protected by a detachable protective strip which after removal allows the adhesive to completely cover the opening to ensure the sealing of the envelope.
  • This sealed envelope which is able to contain pharmaceuticals or biological products having a certain dangerousness must withstand phenomena of overpressure or depression. However, it appears that such an envelope does not withstand particularly its closure system, for example during a pressurization or depression of the envelope.
  • a plastic envelope comprising a closure system comprising a free flap fixed by one of its edges, to the envelope so as to be positioned in front of the opening giving access to the internal volume of the envelope.
  • This free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal provided with a detachable protective strip which, after removal, allows the adhesive seal to partially cover the opening.
  • Such a seal is adapted to detect an opening or an attempt to open the envelope.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art by proposing a flexible plastic envelope equipped with a system adapted to ensure a tight closure of the envelope even when the latter is subject to phenomena of pressure and / or overpressure.
  • the free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal or glue provided with the detachable protective strip.
  • the adhesive or adhesive seal extends on an inner face of the envelope by surrounding the opening, the adhesive or adhesive joint being provided with at least one detachable protective strip arranged to present an access passage to the internal volume of the envelope.
  • the sealing system equips either an opening on a sheet and extending recessed relative to the adjacent edges of the envelope, an opening defined between the two superposed sheets, the opposite of the bottom of the envelope.
  • the free flap extends back from the adjacent edges of the envelope.
  • the free flap extends from one edge to the other of the envelope, with or without precut lines to allow the release of the flap relative to the opening.
  • the free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal or glue extending recessed with respect to the edges of the envelope, the adhesive or adhesive seal being provided with the protective strip extending either in withdrawal relative to the adjacent edges of the envelope, or from one edge to the other of the envelope being provided with precut lines.
  • the free flap is formed by the extension of one of the sheets or is an insert attached by one of its edges extending parallel to the opening.
  • the free flap is placed so that its free edge parallel to the opening, is located on the side of the opening which is located opposite the side adjacent to an edge of the envelope, so as to facilitate access to the internal volume.
  • the free flap is fixed on the inner face of a sheet either by a weld, or by an adhesive seal or glue constituting or not the adhesive seal or glue.
  • the Figure 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.
  • the Figure 2 is a sectional elevation view taken substantially along the lines II-II of the Fig. 1 .
  • the Figure 3 is a larger-scale view of a detail III of a watertight envelope illustrated in Fig. 1 and 2 .
  • the Figure 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.
  • the Figure 5 is a view on a larger scale of a characteristic detail of the watertight envelope illustrated in the Fig. 4 .
  • the Figure 6 is a sectional elevation view showing another alternative embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are partial front views showing other embodiments of a sealed envelope according to the invention.
  • the object of the invention relates to an envelope 1 sealed character for containing articles or objects of any kind, not shown.
  • the envelope 1 comprises two superposed sheets 2, 3 of flexible plastic material, preferably recyclable such as polyethylene.
  • the envelope 1 is delimited by two longitudinal edges 4 and 5 parallel to each other and by two transverse edges 6 and 7, taken into consideration only of the elongate shape of the envelope.
  • the envelope 1 is made of a flexible plastic sheet folded along the transverse edge 6 which thus forms the bottom of the envelope.
  • the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 of the two sheets are joined to each other by a weld 8.
  • the transverse edge 7 of the two sheets located opposite the bottom 6 is joined by a weld 8.
  • opening or an access passage 9 to the internal volume 10 of the envelope is arranged on one of the sheets, namely 2 in the illustrated example.
  • the opening 9 such a slot is arranged in this example substantially in proximity and parallel to the transverse edge 7 extending recessed relative to the longitudinal edges 4 and 5.
  • the envelope 1 is made by a sheet folded along a transverse edge.
  • the sheet is folded along a longitudinal edge.
  • the envelope 1 can be formed by the superposition of two separate sheets not backed but assembled by welding along its edges.
  • the envelope 1 also comprises a system 11 for sealing the opening or the passage 9 giving access to the internal volume 10 of the envelope.
  • the sealing system 11 comprises at least one free flap 13 fixed by at least one of its edges 13 1 inside the casing so as to be positioned in front of the opening 9 while allowing access to the internal volume of the envelope.
  • the free flap 13 is fixed along its longitudinal edge 13 1 extending parallel to the transverse edge 7 and the opening 9.
  • the free flap 13 thus has the opposite of this fixed edge 13 1 , a free edge 13 2 which is not fixed, thus allowing the release or pivoting of the flap 13 with respect to the opening 9 in order to allow the introduction of the products inside the internal volume 10 of the envelope .
  • the sealing system 11 also comprises at least one adhesive or adhesive seal 15 coated with at least one detachable protective strip 16 accessible through the opening 9.
  • the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 defines a surface greater than that of the opening 9 so as to completely cover and surround said opening 9 by coming into direct contact with the sheet 2.
  • the free flap 13 is fixed through the adhesive or glue 15, inside the casing all around the opening 9 and completely covering the opening 9 thus ensuring the closure waterproof envelope.
  • the fitting of the free flap 13 directly on the inner face of the casing makes it possible, in the event of internal overpressure or vacuum of the casing, to obtain the plating of the shutter 13 against the inner wall of the casing, thus contributing to reinforcing the casing. sealing at the opening 9.
  • This envelope is particularly adapted to withstand an internal pressure of a gas or a liquid or an external vacuum.
  • the free flap 13 is equipped with the adhesive seal or adhesive 15 which is coated with the detachable protective strip 16.
  • the free flap 13 may be made of any suitable material.
  • the free flap 13 can be made by a flexible plastic sheet, by the support of the adhesive seal or glue 15 or by a protective strip 16.
  • the free flap 13 is fixed either by a weld or by a joint adhesive or glue on the inner face of one of the two sheets and preferably on the inner face of the sheet provided with the opening 9, namely the sheet 2 in the illustrated example.
  • the adhesive or glue 15 may be used for fixing the free flap 13 on the inside of the envelope.
  • the adhesive or glue 15 extends towards the edge 13 1 being coated with a protective strip 16 having a fold facilitating its removal.
  • the detachable protective strip 16 may comprise means to facilitate its gripping and withdrawal through the opening 9.
  • the detachable protective strip 16 may comprise a fold or be protruding from the adhesive or glue joint 15.
  • the free flap 13 is placed so that its free edge 13 2 is located on the side of the opening 9 which extends opposite the side of the opening which is close to the edge closest transversal, namely 7, Fig. 1 to 3 .
  • the free flap 13 opens towards the internal volume 10 of the envelope facilitating the introduction of the products inside the envelope.
  • the free flap 13 may be mounted so that its free edge 13 2 is located between the opening 9 and the neighboring transverse edge 7.
  • the Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate another embodiment for which the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 extends on an inner face of the casing surrounding the opening 9.
  • the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 is provided with at least one protective strip detachable 16 arranged to present an access passage 17 to the internal volume of the envelope.
  • the detachable protective strip 16 can be made in one or more separate parts. After removal of the protective strip 16, a relative approximation between the flap 13 and the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 leads to a fastening of the flap 13 on the inner face of the envelope. As explained above, the flap 13 completely covers the opening 9 by overflowing on everything around its periphery to seal the envelope.
  • the free flap 13 is an insert attached by one of its edges 13 1 to the inner face of the sheet 2 provided of the opening 9.
  • the Fig. 6 illustrates another embodiment in which the free flap 13 is formed by the extension of one of the sheets 2 or 3.
  • the two transverse edges 6 and 7 are made by registration, so that the folded part in vis-à-vis a sheet namely 2 in the illustrated example are welded together by a weld 8.
  • the extension constituting the free flap 13 As is apparent from the drawing, the free flap 13 is fixed on the internal face of the sheet 2 provided with the opening 9 . It should be noted that it is possible for the weld 8 to assemble the sheet 2, the folded part of the sheet 3 and also the sheet 3.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which the free flap 13 extends from one longitudinal edge 4 to the other 5.
  • the free flap 13 thus extends over the entire width of the casing 1.
  • one of the longitudinal edges of the free flap 13, preferably the one located between the opening 9 and the neighboring transverse edge 7 is fixed either by welding or by adhesive seal or glue.
  • the free flap 13 extends back from the transverse edge 7 but it is clear that the free flap 13 can extend to the level of the transverse edge 7.
  • the free flap 13 is located welded by the weld 8 arranged at the edges 4, 5 or 7. It should be noted that such a free flap 13 may be equipped with pre-cut lines 18 as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 8 to facilitate the release of the flap relative to the opening 9.
  • the precut lines 18 are arranged parallel to and near the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 so that the free flap 13 is fixed to the inner face of the envelope by its longitudinal edge 13 1 .
  • the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 extends backwards with respect to the welded edges 4, 5 or even 7 of the envelope so as not to interfere with the welds 8.
  • the protective strip 16 is extends backward from the edges of the envelope so as to overlap, overflowing slightly, the surface of the adhesive seal or glue 15 as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 7 , or from one edge 4 to the other 5 of the envelope being provided with precut lines 21 ( Fig. 8 ). These precut lines 21 are arranged parallel to and near the longitudinal edges 4, 5 so as to facilitate the removal of the protective strip 16.
  • the sealing system 11 is adapted for an opening 9 arranged on a sheet 2, 3.
  • the sealing system 11 can equip an opening 9 delimited between the superposed sheets 2, 3 opposite the bottom 6 of the casing, and extending recessed with respect to the longitudinal edges 4,5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

The envelope (1) has superposed plastic sheaths, and a sealed closing system closing an opening (9) that provides access to an inner volume of the envelope. The system has an adhesive/glue joint provided with a detachable isolation strip (16) that is accessed through the opening. The joint delimits a surface larger than a surface of the opening for surrounding the opening. A free flap (13) is fixed inside the envelope around the opening, by longitudinal edges of the flap using the joint and covers the opening, after removal of the strip for ensuring sealed closure of the envelope.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine technique d'une enveloppe en matière plastique souple à caractère étanche apte à résister à une dépression ou à une surpression.The present invention relates to the technical field of a flexible plastic envelope with tightness able to withstand a depression or an overpressure.

L'enveloppe étanche conforme à l'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse pour assurer l'emballage d'articles au sens général tels que des produits pharmaceutiques ou biologiques.The sealed envelope according to the invention finds a particularly advantageous application to ensure the packaging of articles in the general sense such as pharmaceutical or biological products.

Pour conditionner un produit pharmaceutique ou biologique, il est connu d'utiliser une enveloppe étanche qui comme décrit par le brevet US 5 765 341 comporte deux feuilles superposées en matière plastique souple assemblées entre elles sur au moins certains de leurs bords par des soudures. L'enveloppe comporte un passage ou une ouverture donnant accès à son volume interne et s'étendant en retrait des bords de l'enveloppe. Cette ouverture est équipée d'un système de fermeture étanche réalisé par exemple à l'aide d'un adhésif préencollé fixé à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe sur un rabat au volet. Cet adhésif est protégé par une bande de protection détachable qui après enlèvement permet à l'adhésif de recouvrir entièrement l'ouverture afin d'assurer la fermeture étanche de l'enveloppe.To package a pharmaceutical or biological product, it is known to use a waterproof envelope which as described by U.S. Patent 5,765,341 comprises two superimposed sheets of flexible plastic material assembled together on at least some of their edges by welds. The envelope has a passage or an opening giving access to its internal volume and extending recessed from the edges of the envelope. This opening is equipped with a sealing system made for example using a pre-glued adhesive attached to the outside of the envelope on a flap flap. This adhesive is protected by a detachable protective strip which after removal allows the adhesive to completely cover the opening to ensure the sealing of the envelope.

Cette enveloppe étanche qui est à même de contenir des produits pharmaceutiques ou biologiques présentant une certaine dangerosité doit résister à des phénomènes de surpression ou de dépression. Or, il apparaît qu'une telle enveloppe ne résiste pas notamment au niveau de son système de fermeture, au cours par exemple d'une mise en pression ou dépression de l'enveloppe.This sealed envelope which is able to contain pharmaceuticals or biological products having a certain dangerousness must withstand phenomena of overpressure or depression. However, it appears that such an envelope does not withstand particularly its closure system, for example during a pressurization or depression of the envelope.

Par ailleurs, il est connu par la demande de brevet GB 2 265 883 , dans le domaine des enveloppes pour le transport de fonds ou de courriers, une enveloppe en matière plastique comportant un système de fermeture comprenant un volet libre fixé par l'un de ses bords, à l'enveloppe de manière à être positionné en face de l'ouverture donnant accès au volume interne de l'enveloppe. Ce volet libre est équipé d'un joint adhésif pourvu d'une bande de protection détachable qui, après enlèvement, permet au joint adhésif de recouvrir partiellement l'ouverture. Un tel joint est adapté pour permettre de détecter une ouverture ou une tentative d'ouverture de l'enveloppe. Une telle solution n'apporte pas une solution au problème de résistance aux dépressions ou surpressions car le système de fermeture n'est pas étanche.Moreover, it is known from the patent application GB 2,265,883 , in the field of envelopes for the transport of funds or couriers, a plastic envelope comprising a closure system comprising a free flap fixed by one of its edges, to the envelope so as to be positioned in front of the opening giving access to the internal volume of the envelope. This free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal provided with a detachable protective strip which, after removal, allows the adhesive seal to partially cover the opening. Such a seal is adapted to detect an opening or an attempt to open the envelope. Such a solution does not provide a solution to the problem of resistance to depressions or overpressures because the closure system is not waterproof.

L'objet de l'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique en proposant une enveloppe en matière plastique souple équipée d'un système adapté pour assurer une fermeture étanche de l'enveloppe même lorsque cette dernière est soumise à des phénomènes de pression et/ou de surpression.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art by proposing a flexible plastic envelope equipped with a system adapted to ensure a tight closure of the envelope even when the latter is subject to phenomena of pressure and / or overpressure.

Pour atteindre un tel objectif, l'objet de l'invention concerne une enveloppe étanche comportant au moins deux feuilles superposées en matière plastique souple assemblées entre elles sur au moins certains de leurs bords par au moins une soudure, l'enveloppe comportant au moins une ouverture donnant accès au volume interne et étant équipée d'un système de fermeture comportant :

  • au moins un volet libre fixé par au moins l'un de ses bords à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, de manière à être positionné en face de l'ouverture, tout en autorisant l'accès au volume interne de l'enveloppe,
  • au moins un joint adhésif ou de colle pourvu d'au moins une bande de protection détachable qui après enlèvement permet au joint adhésif ou de colle de recouvrir l'ouverture. Selon l'invention, le système de fermeture est étanche et équipe une ouverture s'étendant en retrait par rapport aux bords voisins de l'enveloppe, le joint adhésif ou de colle délimitant une surface supérieure à celle de l'ouverture, de manière qu'après l'enlèvement de la bande de protection, le volet libre se trouve fixé, grâce au joint adhésif ou de colle, directement sur la face interne de l'enveloppe tout autour de l'ouverture et en recouvrant entièrement l'ouverture afin d'assurer la fermeture étanche de l'enveloppe.
To achieve such an objective, the object of the invention relates to a sealed envelope comprising at least two superimposed sheets of flexible plastic material assembled together on at least some of their edges by at least one weld, the envelope comprising at least one opening giving access to the internal volume and being equipped with a closure system comprising:
  • at least one free flap fixed by at least one of its edges inside the envelope, so as to be positioned in front of the opening, while allowing access to the internal volume of the envelope,
  • at least one adhesive or glue joint provided with at least one releasable protective strip which after removal allows the adhesive or glue joint to cover the opening. According to the invention, the closure system is tight and equips an opening extending recessed relative to the adjacent edges of the envelope, the adhesive or adhesive seal delimiting a surface greater than that of the opening, so that after removal of the protective strip, the free flap is secured, by means of the adhesive or glue joint, directly to the inner face of the casing all around the opening and completely covering the opening in order to ensure the tight closure of the envelope.

Selon une première variante de réalisation, le volet libre est équipé du joint adhésif ou de colle pourvu de la bande de protection détachable.According to a first variant embodiment, the free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal or glue provided with the detachable protective strip.

Selon une deuxième variante de réalisation, le joint adhésif ou de colle s'étend sur une face intérieure de l'enveloppe en entourant l'ouverture, le joint adhésif ou de colle étant pourvu d'au moins une bande de protection détachable aménagée pour présenter un passage d'accès au volume interne de l'enveloppe.According to a second variant embodiment, the adhesive or adhesive seal extends on an inner face of the envelope by surrounding the opening, the adhesive or adhesive joint being provided with at least one detachable protective strip arranged to present an access passage to the internal volume of the envelope.

Il est à noter que le système de fermeture étanche conforme à l'invention équipe soit une ouverture aménagée sur une feuille et s'étendant en retrait par rapport aux bords voisins de l'enveloppe, soit une ouverture délimitée entre les deux feuilles superposées, à l'opposé du fond de l'enveloppe.It should be noted that the sealing system according to the invention equips either an opening on a sheet and extending recessed relative to the adjacent edges of the envelope, an opening defined between the two superposed sheets, the opposite of the bottom of the envelope.

Avantageusement, le volet libre s'étend en retrait par rapport aux bords voisins de l'enveloppe.Advantageously, the free flap extends back from the adjacent edges of the envelope.

Par exemple, le volet libre s'étend d'un bord à l'autre de l'enveloppe, en étant pourvu ou non de lignes de prédécoupe afin de permettre le dégagement du volet par rapport à l'ouverture.For example, the free flap extends from one edge to the other of the envelope, with or without precut lines to allow the release of the flap relative to the opening.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, le volet libre est équipé du joint adhésif ou de colle s'étendant en retrait par rapport aux bords de l'enveloppe, le joint adhésif ou de colle étant pourvu de la bande de protection s'étendant soit en retrait par rapport aux bords voisins de l'enveloppe, soit d'un bord à l'autre de l'enveloppe en étant pourvu de lignes de prédécoupe.According to another variant embodiment, the free flap is equipped with an adhesive seal or glue extending recessed with respect to the edges of the envelope, the adhesive or adhesive seal being provided with the protective strip extending either in withdrawal relative to the adjacent edges of the envelope, or from one edge to the other of the envelope being provided with precut lines.

Selon une caractéristique de l'objet de l'invention, le volet libre est formé par le prolongement de l'une des feuilles ou est un élément rapporté fixé par l'un de ses bords s'étendant parallèlement à l'ouverture.According to a feature of the subject of the invention, the free flap is formed by the extension of one of the sheets or is an insert attached by one of its edges extending parallel to the opening.

Selon une caractéristique préférée de réalisation, le volet libre est placé de manière que son bord libre parallèle à l'ouverture, se trouve situé du côté de l'ouverture qui est situé à l'opposé du côté voisin d'un bord de l'enveloppe, de manière à faciliter l'accès au volume interne.According to a preferred embodiment, the free flap is placed so that its free edge parallel to the opening, is located on the side of the opening which is located opposite the side adjacent to an edge of the envelope, so as to facilitate access to the internal volume.

Avantageusement, le volet libre est fixé sur la face interne d'une feuille soit par une soudure, soit par un joint adhésif ou de colle constituant ou non le joint adhésif ou de colle.Advantageously, the free flap is fixed on the inner face of a sheet either by a weld, or by an adhesive seal or glue constituting or not the adhesive seal or glue.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.Various other characteristics appear from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

La Figure 1 est une vue de face d'un premier exemple de réalisation d'une enveloppe étanche conforme à l'invention.The Figure 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.

La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe élévation prise sensiblement selon les lignes II-II de la Fig. 1 . The Figure 2 is a sectional elevation view taken substantially along the lines II-II of the Fig. 1 .

La Figure 3 est une vue à plus grande échelle d'un détail III d'une enveloppe étanche illustrée aux Fig.1 et 2 . The Figure 3 is a larger-scale view of a detail III of a watertight envelope illustrated in Fig. 1 and 2 .

La Figure 4 est une vue de face d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'une enveloppe étanche conforme à l'invention.The Figure 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.

La Figure 5 est une vue à plus grande échelle d'un détail caractéristique de l'enveloppe étanche illustrée à la Fig. 4 . The Figure 5 is a view on a larger scale of a characteristic detail of the watertight envelope illustrated in the Fig. 4 .

La Figure 6 est une vue en coupe élévation montrant une autre variante de réalisation d'une enveloppe étanche conforme à l'invention.The Figure 6 is a sectional elevation view showing another alternative embodiment of a sealed envelope according to the invention.

Les Figures 7 et 8 sont des vues partielles de face montrant d'autres variantes de réalisation d'une enveloppe étanche conforme à l'invention.The Figures 7 and 8 are partial front views showing other embodiments of a sealed envelope according to the invention.

Tel que cela ressort de l'exemple de réalisation illustré aux Fig. 1 et 3 , l'objet de l'invention concerne une enveloppe 1 à caractère étanche destinée à contenir des articles ou des objets de toute nature non représentés. L'enveloppe 1 comporte deux feuilles superposées 2, 3 en matière plastique souple, de préférence recyclable telle qu'en polyéthylène. L'enveloppe 1 est délimitée par deux bords longitudinaux 4 et 5 parallèles entre eux et par deux bords transversaux 6 et 7, pris en considération uniquement de la forme allongée de l'enveloppe. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'enveloppe 1 est réalisée par une feuille en matière plastique souple pliée selon le bord transversal 6 qui forme ainsi le fond de l'enveloppe. Les bords longitudinaux 4 et 5 des deux feuilles sont assemblés entre eux par une soudure 8. De même, dans l'exemple illustré, le bord transversal 7 des deux feuilles situées à l'opposé du fond 6 est assemblé par une soudure 8. Une ouverture ou un passage d'accès 9 au volume interne 10 de l'enveloppe est aménagé sur l'une des feuilles, à savoir 2 dans l'exemple illustré. Tel que cela ressort plus précisément des Fig. 1 et 2 , l'ouverture 9 telle une fente est aménagée dans cet exemple sensiblement à proximité et parallèlement au bord transversal 7 en s'étendant en retrait par rapport aux bords longitudinaux 4 et 5. As can be seen from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 and 3 The object of the invention relates to an envelope 1 sealed character for containing articles or objects of any kind, not shown. The envelope 1 comprises two superposed sheets 2, 3 of flexible plastic material, preferably recyclable such as polyethylene. The envelope 1 is delimited by two longitudinal edges 4 and 5 parallel to each other and by two transverse edges 6 and 7, taken into consideration only of the elongate shape of the envelope. In the example illustrated, the envelope 1 is made of a flexible plastic sheet folded along the transverse edge 6 which thus forms the bottom of the envelope. The longitudinal edges 4 and 5 of the two sheets are joined to each other by a weld 8. Similarly, in the example shown, the transverse edge 7 of the two sheets located opposite the bottom 6 is joined by a weld 8. opening or an access passage 9 to the internal volume 10 of the envelope is arranged on one of the sheets, namely 2 in the illustrated example. As more specifically Fig. 1 and 2 , the opening 9 such a slot is arranged in this example substantially in proximity and parallel to the transverse edge 7 extending recessed relative to the longitudinal edges 4 and 5.

Dans l'exemple qui précède, l'enveloppe 1 est réalisée par une feuille pliée selon un bord transversal. Bien entendu, il peut être envisagé que la feuille soit pliée selon un bord longitudinal. Dans le même sens, l'enveloppe 1 peut être formée par la superposition de deux feuilles distinctes non dossées mais assemblées par soudure selon ses bords.In the above example, the envelope 1 is made by a sheet folded along a transverse edge. Of course, it can be envisaged that the sheet is folded along a longitudinal edge. In the same direction, the envelope 1 can be formed by the superposition of two separate sheets not backed but assembled by welding along its edges.

L'enveloppe 1 comporte également un système 11 de fermeture étanche de l'ouverture ou du passage 9 donnant accès au volume interne 10 de l'enveloppe. Conformément à l'invention, le système de fermeture étanche 11 comporte au moins un volet libre 13 fixé par au moins l'un de ses bords 131 à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe de manière à être positionnée en face de l'ouverture 9 tout en autorisant l'accès au volume interne de l'enveloppe. Selon l'exemple illustré, le volet libre 13 est fixé selon son bord longitudinal 131 s'étendant parallèlement au bord transversal 7 et à l'ouverture 9. Le volet libre 13 possède ainsi à l'opposé de ce bord fixé 131, un bord libre 132 qui ne se trouve pas fixé, autorisant ainsi le dégagement ou le pivotement du volet 13 par rapport à l'ouverture 9 en vue de permettre l'introduction des produits à l'intérieur du volume interne 10 de l'enveloppe.The envelope 1 also comprises a system 11 for sealing the opening or the passage 9 giving access to the internal volume 10 of the envelope. According to the invention, the sealing system 11 comprises at least one free flap 13 fixed by at least one of its edges 13 1 inside the casing so as to be positioned in front of the opening 9 while allowing access to the internal volume of the envelope. According to the illustrated example, the free flap 13 is fixed along its longitudinal edge 13 1 extending parallel to the transverse edge 7 and the opening 9. The free flap 13 thus has the opposite of this fixed edge 13 1 , a free edge 13 2 which is not fixed, thus allowing the release or pivoting of the flap 13 with respect to the opening 9 in order to allow the introduction of the products inside the internal volume 10 of the envelope .

Le système de fermeture étanche 11 comporte également au moins un joint adhésif ou de colle 15 revêtu d'au moins une bande de protection détachable 16 accessible à travers l'ouverture 9. Le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 délimite une surface supérieure à celle de l'ouverture 9 de manière à recouvrir entièrement et entourer ladite ouverture 9 en venant en contact direct avec la feuille 2. Après l'enlèvement de la bande de protection 16, et la mise en contact du volet libre 13 avec la feuille 2 dans l'exemple illustré, le volet libre 13 se trouve fixé grâce au joint adhésif ou de colle 15, à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe tout autour de l'ouverture 9 et en recouvrant totalement l'ouverture 9 permettant ainsi d'assurer la fermeture étanche de l'enveloppe. Le montage du volet libre 13 directement sur la face interne de l'enveloppe permet en cas de surpression interne ou de dépression de l'enveloppe d'obtenir le plaquage du volet 13 contre la paroi interne de l'enveloppe, contribuant ainsi à renforcer l'étanchéité au niveau de l'ouverture 9. Cette enveloppe est particulièrement adaptée pour résister à une pression interne d'un gaz ou d'un liquide ou à une dépression externe.The sealing system 11 also comprises at least one adhesive or adhesive seal 15 coated with at least one detachable protective strip 16 accessible through the opening 9. The adhesive or adhesive seal 15 defines a surface greater than that of the opening 9 so as to completely cover and surround said opening 9 by coming into direct contact with the sheet 2. After the removal of the protective strip 16, and the contacting of the free flap 13 with the sheet 2 in the illustrated example, the free flap 13 is fixed through the adhesive or glue 15, inside the casing all around the opening 9 and completely covering the opening 9 thus ensuring the closure waterproof envelope. The fitting of the free flap 13 directly on the inner face of the casing makes it possible, in the event of internal overpressure or vacuum of the casing, to obtain the plating of the shutter 13 against the inner wall of the casing, thus contributing to reinforcing the casing. sealing at the opening 9. This envelope is particularly adapted to withstand an internal pressure of a gas or a liquid or an external vacuum.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux Fig. 1 à 3 , le volet libre 13 est équipé du joint adhésif ou de colle 15 qui est revêtu de la bande de protection détachable 16. Le volet libre 13 peut être réalisé en tout matériau approprié. Par exemple, le volet libre 13 peut être réalisé par une feuille en matière plastique souple, par le support du joint adhésif ou de colle 15 ou par une bande de protection 16. Le volet libre 13 est fixé soit par une soudure soit par un joint adhésif ou de colle sur la face interne de l'une des deux feuilles et de préférence sur la face interne de la feuille pourvue de l'ouverture 9, à savoir la feuille 2 dans l'exemple illustré. Il est à noter que le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 peut servir à la fixation du volet libre 13 sur l'intérieur de l'enveloppe. Dans ce cas, le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 s'étend en direction du bord 131 en étant revêtu d'une bande de protection 16 comportant un pli facilitant son retrait. D'une manière générale, il est à noter que la bande de protection détachable 16 peut comporter des moyens pour faciliter sa préhension et son retrait à travers l'ouverture 9. Par exemple, la bande de protection détachable 16 peut comporter un pli ou être débordante par rapport au joint adhésif ou de colle 15. In the example shown in Fig. 1 to 3 , the free flap 13 is equipped with the adhesive seal or adhesive 15 which is coated with the detachable protective strip 16. The free flap 13 may be made of any suitable material. For example, the free flap 13 can be made by a flexible plastic sheet, by the support of the adhesive seal or glue 15 or by a protective strip 16. The free flap 13 is fixed either by a weld or by a joint adhesive or glue on the inner face of one of the two sheets and preferably on the inner face of the sheet provided with the opening 9, namely the sheet 2 in the illustrated example. It should be noted that the adhesive or glue 15 may be used for fixing the free flap 13 on the inside of the envelope. In this case, the adhesive or glue 15 extends towards the edge 13 1 being coated with a protective strip 16 having a fold facilitating its removal. In general, it should be noted that the detachable protective strip 16 may comprise means to facilitate its gripping and withdrawal through the opening 9. For example, the detachable protective strip 16 may comprise a fold or be protruding from the adhesive or glue joint 15.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de réalisation, le volet libre 13 est placé de manière que son bord libre 132 se trouve situé du côté de l'ouverture 9 qui s'étend à l'opposé du côté de l'ouverture qui est voisin du bord transversal le plus proche, à savoir 7, Fig. 1 à 3 . De cette manière, le volet libre 13 s'ouvre vers le volume interne 10 de l'enveloppe facilitant l'introduction des produits à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe. Bien entendu, le volet libre 13 peut être monté de manière que son bord libre 132 se trouve situé entre l'ouverture 9 et le bord transversal voisin 7. According to an advantageous characteristic of embodiment, the free flap 13 is placed so that its free edge 13 2 is located on the side of the opening 9 which extends opposite the side of the opening which is close to the edge closest transversal, namely 7, Fig. 1 to 3 . In this way, the free flap 13 opens towards the internal volume 10 of the envelope facilitating the introduction of the products inside the envelope. Of course, the free flap 13 may be mounted so that its free edge 13 2 is located between the opening 9 and the neighboring transverse edge 7.

Les Fig. 4 et 5 illustrent un autre exemple de réalisation pour lequel le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 s'étend sur une face interne de l'enveloppe en entourant l'ouverture 9. Le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 est pourvu d'au moins une bande de protection détachable 16 aménagée pour présenter un passage d'accès 17 au volume interne de l'enveloppe. Il est à noter que la bande de protection détachable 16 peut être réalisée en une ou plusieurs parties distinctes. Après le retrait de la bande de protection 16, un rapprochement relatif entre le volet 13 et le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 conduit à une fixation du volet 13 sur la face interne de l'enveloppe. Comme expliqué ci-dessus, le volet 13 recouvre totalement l'ouverture 9 en débordant sur tout sur son pourtour pour assurer l'étanchéité de l'enveloppe.The Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate another embodiment for which the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 extends on an inner face of the casing surrounding the opening 9. The adhesive or adhesive seal 15 is provided with at least one protective strip detachable 16 arranged to present an access passage 17 to the internal volume of the envelope. It should be noted that the detachable protective strip 16 can be made in one or more separate parts. After removal of the protective strip 16, a relative approximation between the flap 13 and the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 leads to a fastening of the flap 13 on the inner face of the envelope. As explained above, the flap 13 completely covers the opening 9 by overflowing on everything around its periphery to seal the envelope.

Selon les exemples illustrés ci-dessus, le volet libre 13 est un élément rapporté fixé par l'un de ses bords 131 sur la face interne de la feuille 2 pourvue de l'ouverture 9. La Fig. 6 illustre un autre exemple de réalisation dans lequel le volet libre 13 est formé par le prolongement de l'une des feuilles 2 ou 3. Dans cet exemple, les deux bords transversaux 6 et 7 sont réalisés par dossage, de sorte que la partie repliée en vis-à-vis d'une feuille à savoir 2 dans l'exemple illustré sont soudées entre elles par une soudure 8. Au-delà de la soudure 8, réalisée au voisinage du bord transversal dossé 7, s'étend à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, le prolongement qui constitue le volet libre 13. Tel que cela ressort du dessin, le volet libre 13 est fixé sur la face interne de la feuille 2 pourvue de l'ouverture 9. Il est à noter qu'il peut être prévu que la soudure 8 assure l'assemblage de la feuille 2, de la partie repliée de la feuille 3 mais également de la feuille 3. According to the examples illustrated above, the free flap 13 is an insert attached by one of its edges 13 1 to the inner face of the sheet 2 provided of the opening 9. The Fig. 6 illustrates another embodiment in which the free flap 13 is formed by the extension of one of the sheets 2 or 3. In this example, the two transverse edges 6 and 7 are made by registration, so that the folded part in vis-à-vis a sheet namely 2 in the illustrated example are welded together by a weld 8. Beyond the weld 8, made in the vicinity of the transverse edge backed 7, extends inside of the envelope, the extension constituting the free flap 13. As is apparent from the drawing, the free flap 13 is fixed on the internal face of the sheet 2 provided with the opening 9 . It should be noted that it is possible for the weld 8 to assemble the sheet 2, the folded part of the sheet 3 and also the sheet 3.

Dans les exemples illustrés aux Fig. 1 à 5 , le volet libre 13 s'étend en retrait par rapport aux bords longitudinaux 4 et 5 ainsi qu'en retrait par rapport au bord transversal voisin 7. La Fig. 7 illustre un exemple de réalisation dans lequel le volet libre 13 s'étend d'un bord longitudinal 4 à l'autre 5. Le volet libre 13 s'étend ainsi sur toute la largeur de l'enveloppe 1. Dans cette variante, il peut être prévu que l'un des bords longitudinal du volet libre 13, de préférence celui situé entre l'ouverture 9 et le bord transversal voisin 7 se trouve fixé soit par soudure, soit par joint adhésif ou de colle. Dans cet exemple, le volet libre 13 s'étend en retrait du bord transversal 7 mais il est clair que le volet libre 13 peut s'étendre jusqu'au niveau du bord transversal 7. Il doit être compris que le volet libre 13 se trouve ainsi soudé par la soudure 8 aménagée au niveau des bords 4, 5 voire 7. Il est à noter qu'un tel volet libre 13 peut être équipé de lignes de prédécoupe 18 telles qu'illustrées à la Fig. 8 permettant de faciliter le dégagement du volet par rapport à l'ouverture 9. Par exemple, les lignes de prédécoupe 18 sont aménagées parallèlement et à proximité des bords longitudinaux 4 et 5 de manière que le volet libre 13 se trouve fixé à la face interne de l'enveloppe par son bord longitudinal 131. In the examples illustrated in Fig. 1 to 5 , The free flap 13 is set back with respect to the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 and down compared to the neighboring transverse edge 7. Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which the free flap 13 extends from one longitudinal edge 4 to the other 5. The free flap 13 thus extends over the entire width of the casing 1. In this variant, it can it is expected that one of the longitudinal edges of the free flap 13, preferably the one located between the opening 9 and the neighboring transverse edge 7 is fixed either by welding or by adhesive seal or glue. In this example, the free flap 13 extends back from the transverse edge 7 but it is clear that the free flap 13 can extend to the level of the transverse edge 7. It should be understood that the free flap 13 is located welded by the weld 8 arranged at the edges 4, 5 or 7. It should be noted that such a free flap 13 may be equipped with pre-cut lines 18 as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 8 to facilitate the release of the flap relative to the opening 9. For example, the precut lines 18 are arranged parallel to and near the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 so that the free flap 13 is fixed to the inner face of the envelope by its longitudinal edge 13 1 .

Dans cette variante de réalisation, le joint adhésif ou de colle 15 s'étend en retrait par rapport aux bords soudés 4, 5 voire 7 de l'enveloppe de manière à ne pas interférer avec les soudures 8. La bande de protection 16 s'étend soit en retrait par rapport aux bords de l'enveloppe de manière à recouvrir, en débordant légèrement, la surface du joint adhésif ou de colle 15 tel qu'illustré à la Fig. 7 , soit d'un bord 4 à l'autre 5 de l'enveloppe en étant pourvue de lignes de prédécoupe 21 (Fig. 8). Ces lignes de prédécoupe 21 sont aménagées parallèlement et à proximité des bords longitudinaux 4, 5 de manière à faciliter le retrait de la bande de protection 16. In this variant embodiment, the adhesive or adhesive seal 15 extends backwards with respect to the welded edges 4, 5 or even 7 of the envelope so as not to interfere with the welds 8. The protective strip 16 is extends backward from the edges of the envelope so as to overlap, overflowing slightly, the surface of the adhesive seal or glue 15 as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 7 , or from one edge 4 to the other 5 of the envelope being provided with precut lines 21 ( Fig. 8 ). These precut lines 21 are arranged parallel to and near the longitudinal edges 4, 5 so as to facilitate the removal of the protective strip 16.

Dans la description qui précède, le système de fermeture étanche 11 conforme à l'invention est adapté pour une ouverture 9 aménagée sur une feuille 2, 3. Bien entendu, le système de fermeture étanche 11 peut équiper une ouverture 9 délimitée entre les feuilles superposées 2, 3 à l'opposé du fond 6 de l'enveloppe, et s'étendant en retrait par rapport aux bords longitudinaux 4,5. In the foregoing description, the sealing system 11 according to the invention is adapted for an opening 9 arranged on a sheet 2, 3. Of course, the sealing system 11 can equip an opening 9 delimited between the superposed sheets 2, 3 opposite the bottom 6 of the casing, and extending recessed with respect to the longitudinal edges 4,5.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown because various modifications can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims (10)

  1. A leaktight envelope comprising at least two superposed sheets of flexible plastics material assembled together over at least some of their edges by means of at least one heat seal (8), the envelope including at least one opening (9) giving access to the inside volume (10) and extending in a position offset from the adjacent edges of the envelope, the envelope being fitted with a leaktight closure system (11) comprising:
    . at least one free flap (13) suitable for being positioned facing the opening (9), while leaving access to the inside volume (10) of the envelope;
    . at least one adhesive or glue joint (15) defining an area greater than the area of the opening (9) and provided with at least one detachable protective strip (16) so that after the protective strip (16) has been removed, the free flap (13) is fastened by means of the adhesive or glue joint all around the opening and completely covers the opening so as to ensure that the envelope is closed in leaktight manner;
    the envelope being characterized in that the free flap (13) is fastened by at least one of its edges (131) to the inside of the envelope, so that after the protective strip (16) has been removed, the free flap (13) is fastened by means of the adhesive or glue joint directly to the inside face of the envelope.
  2. A leaktight envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the free flap (13) is fitted with the adhesive or glue joint (15) provided with the detachable protective strip (16).
  3. A leaktight envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive or glue joint (15) extends over an inside face of the envelope surrounding the opening (9), the adhesive or glue joint (15) being provided with at least one detachable protective strip (16) arranged to present an access passage (17) to the inside volume of the envelope.
  4. A leaktight envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the leaktight closure system (11) is fitted to an opening (9) arranged in one sheet, or to an opening (9) defined between the two superposed sheets, opposite from the bottom of the envelope.
  5. A leaktight envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the free flap (13) extends in a position offset from the adjacent edges of the envelope.
  6. A leaktight envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the free flap (13) extends from one edge to the other of the envelope, being optionally provided with pre-cut lines (18) so as to enable the flap to be separated from the opening.
  7. A leaktight envelope according to claim 6, characterized in that the free flap (13) is provided with the adhesive or glue joint (15) extending in a position offset from the edges of the envelope, the adhesive or glue joint (15) being provided with the protective strip (16) extending in a position either offset from the adjacent edges of the envelope, or else from one edge to the other of the envelope, being provided with pre-cut lines (21).
  8. A leaktight envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the free flap (13) is formed by the extension of one of the sheets or is an additional element fastened via one of the edges extending parallel to the opening.
  9. A leaktight envelope according to claim 8, characterized in that the free flap (13) is placed in such a manner that its free edge (132) parallel to the opening (9) is situated on the side of the opening that is opposite from the side adjacent to an edge of the envelope, so as to facilitate access to the inside volume.
  10. A leaktight envelope according to claim 8, characterized in that the free flap (13) is fastened to the inside face of a sheet either by heat sealing, or by an adhesive or glue joint, optionally constituting the adhesive or glue joint (15) of the closure system (11).
EP07105498A 2006-04-03 2007-04-02 Envelope with sealing closure Not-in-force EP1842785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0651167A FR2899208B1 (en) 2006-04-03 2006-04-03 REINFORCED SEALED CLOSURE ENVELOPE

Publications (2)

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EP1842785A1 EP1842785A1 (en) 2007-10-10
EP1842785B1 true EP1842785B1 (en) 2010-04-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07105498A Not-in-force EP1842785B1 (en) 2006-04-03 2007-04-02 Envelope with sealing closure

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EP (1) EP1842785B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE463435T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007005711D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2899208B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2929930B1 (en) 2008-04-11 2012-11-02 Decomatic Sa SEALED PLASTIC ENVELOPE WITH REPORTING CLOSURE ADHESIVE.
US8622618B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2014-01-07 Cryovac, Inc. Easy open and reclosable package with discrete laminate having panel section with easy-open sealant
US8646975B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2014-02-11 Cryovac, Inc. Easy open and reclosable package with discrete tape and die-cut web
US9221591B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2015-12-29 Cryovac, Inc. Easy open and reclosable package with discrete laminate with die-cut
US8979370B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2015-03-17 Cryovac, Inc. Easy open and reclosable package with discrete laminate with die-cut

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8821759D0 (en) * 1988-09-16 1988-10-19 Interpoly Ltd Security envelope
GB2265883B (en) * 1989-06-08 1994-02-16 Mcg Venus Packaging Limited A bag
US5782733A (en) * 1992-10-26 1998-07-21 Innoflex Incorporated Zippered film and bag
US5647480A (en) * 1995-01-27 1997-07-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Flexible pressure vessels for and method of transporting hazardous materials
US6431752B1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2002-08-13 Jonathan Diplock Plastic coin transport bag
TWI254016B (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-05-01 Ming-Han Wu Structure and method for providing complete enclosure for self-adhesive-type packaging bag

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ATE463435T1 (en) 2010-04-15
EP1842785A1 (en) 2007-10-10
DE602007005711D1 (en) 2010-05-20
FR2899208A1 (en) 2007-10-05
FR2899208B1 (en) 2011-01-07

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